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• Can I create an SSH user which can access only certain directory?

  - by RiMMER

  I have a Virtual Private Server which I can connect to using SSH with my root account, being able to execute any linux command and access all the disk area, obviously. I would like to create another user account, which would be able to access this server using SSH too, but only to a certain directory, for example /var/www/example.com/ For example, imagine this user has a HUGE error.log file (500 MB) located in /var/www/example.com/logs/error.log When accessing this file using FTP, this user needs to download 500 MB to view the last lines of the log, but I'd like him to be able to execute something like this: tail error.log Therefore I need him to be able to access the server using SSH, but I don't want to grant him access to all server areas. How can I do this?

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• Migrate an intermediate CA to a new root

  - by Tim Brigham

  Using the Microsoft CA is there any way to cut over to a new certificate authority from an intermediate authority? Both my systems are Microsoft CAs - I have a 2008 R2 Enterprise CA (intermediate) and an old 2003 CA (root). The 2003 box bit the dust and I don't have good backups. I still have a few months before the CRL expires; instead of having to cut over to a new intermediate authority is there a ready way to simply point this intermediate authority to a new offline CA?

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• vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot

  - by MrROY

  I want to setup a anonymous only ftp server (able to upload files). Here is my config file: listen=YES anonymous_enable=YES anon_root=/var/www/ftp local_enable=YES write_enable=YESr. anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES xferlog_enable=YES connect_from_port_20=YES chroot_local_user=YES dirmessage_enable=YES use_localtime=YES secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem pam_service_name=vsftpd But when i try to connect it: kan@kan:~$ ftp yxxxng.bej Connected to yxxx. 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.5) Name (yxxxg.bej:kan): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() Login failed Can anyone help ?

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• Executed PHP files are stale unitl "touched" (Symlinked NFS mount as web root)

  - by mmattax

  We have a PHP application that has 3 web servers (running Nginx and Apache). The web server's directory root are symlinked directories that point to an NFS mount. For example: web01 has an NFS mount at /data/webapp, which is symlinked to /home/webapp. Apache serves content from /home/webapp/www. We also use ACP for our PHP opcode cache. When we deploy code, we SCP an archive file to the NFS server and extract it. Since upgrading RedHat 6, when we deploy our code the webserver execute "stale" PHP files until touch is run on the PHP files. We thought that APC might be causing a problem, but the issue exists, even after clearing the opcode cache. Any ideas on how to diagnose why the stale PHP code is being executed?

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• What's the best way to mitigate NFS and sudo?

  - by user225874

  Quick background: We have 40 workstations running Linux. NFS is used extensively for bulk data storage and home directories. This allows users to roam freely will relatively transparent file systems. This is an educational environment where postdocs and students have successfully pulled off a coup of sorts. All have gained root on their individual workstations by grooming a technophobic PI who thinks IT people are evil. If I so much as suggest chroot or sudo restrictions, I'll find myself working out of a broom closet. With that in mind, what's the best way to mitigate something like this below? $ hostname workstation1 $ whoami john $ sudo su jane $ whoami jane $ cp -R /home/nfs/jane /mnt/thumbdrive/

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• Mounting root failed. Dropping into basic maintenance shell

  - by vmsystem

  Hi, I have purchased AMD Phenom X4 955 3.2GHZ processor with supporting gigabyte GA-MA785GM-US2H mother board / 6GB DDR2 RAM / 500GB SATA drive for learning Vmware ESX 3.5 product. In the above configuration, I have installed windows xp 64 bit operating systems and continue to installed vmware workstation 6.5. From the VM workstation, I can able to install ESX3.5 update2, but I unable to start properly, please refer the below mention error. “Mounting root failed. Dropping into basic maintenance shell. To collect logs for VMware, connect a USB storage device and run 'bin/vm-support '. Machine will be rebooted when you exit from this shell.” The same was tested in the windows 2003 Enterprise Edition server / windows 7 32bit / windows 7 64bit also, Please help me to resolve the issue.

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• How to make subdirectory the document root of a web domain or localhost

  - by Ben Huh

  I have a subdirectory abc in the document root /var/www/html I want to be able to run any file any_file.html within the subdirectory by typing in the browser: localhost/any_file instead of localhost/abc/any_file.html or my_domain.com/any_file instead of my_domain.com/abc/any_file.html I tried writing in httpd.conf: <Directory "/var/www/html/abc"> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule %{REQUEST_FILENAME} %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.html </Directory> But it doesn't work. Options FollowSymLinks is activated in <Directory> so I believe I would not need to write this again. Does anyone knows why and how to solve it? Thanks. Update: I have another subdirectory efg which I need to be able to access through localhost.

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• Checkinstall failed with /root/rpmbuild has no source directory

  - by leo

  I am trying to use checkinstall to build a package from source code. However, when i run checkinstall , it ask : /root/rpmbuild has no source directory, please write the path to the rpm source directory tree. i am running on fedora 12 and system was installed through kickstart via repository of dvd of fc12. I was not aware of the rpm source directory during the installation. so how can i check whether rpm source has been installed or not. if not, how to make the rpm source directory so that i can please the checkinstall and build the package successfully. or can i bypass it? thanks a lot

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• Alias a Virtual Directory or Application as Root on IIS 7

  - by manyxcxi

  Our current IIS setup as two applications running on different paths at (for example) http://server/sub-a and http://server/sub-b. I want to alias http://server/sub-a as root so that just going to http://server/ will bring up the contents of sub-a. The problem I face is that when I initially set up a ReverseProxy it negatively affected http://server/sub-b. I know this is a fairly common problem- how have you solved it? 99.9% of my experience is with Apache, so I feel a tad lost in the GUI world of IIS.

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• Redirect Web Subfolder to Root (/folder to /)

  - by manyxcxi

  I am trying to redirect /folder to / using .htaccess but all am I getting is the Apache HTTP Server Test Page. My root directory looks like this: / .htaccess -/folder -/folder2 -/folder3 My .htaccess looks like this: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/folder/ RewriteRule (.*) /folder/$1 What am I doing wrong? I checked my httpd.conf (I'm running Centos) and the mod_rewrite library is being loaded. As a side note, my server is not a www server, it's simply a virtual machine so it's hostname is centosvm. Addition: My httpd.conf looks like so: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName taa.local DocumentRoot /var/www/html SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV "dev" Alias /taa /var/www/html/taa/public <Directory /var/www/html/taa/public> DirectoryIndex index.php AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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• On Ubuntu, how to design a monitor to run a process when a file is written to a directory?

  - by J G

  I want to run a process when a file is written to a directory on Ubuntu. I understand I can write a monitor to do this. (ie not an event based trigger but a 'monitor'). To implement this - other than writing a for loop of infinite duration in C that polls the directory - what steps would you take to implement this? What steps would you take to implement a monitor on Ubuntu that runs a process (another application) when a file is written to a directory? (The reason that you'd do this is the that process writing the file is under a limited set of permissions (eg tomcat6) but the executed process (an existing software package) needs root (ie to run a process in a chroot jail))

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• Lost Root and other user passwords

  - by Webnet

  This isn't a huge deal, because there's very little on the server (literally a file or two) that we actually need off of it. But we disabled root logins as a security measure and can't remember any of our other user passwords. I'm assuming that there's nothing we can do at this point to get into the server? I'm sitting next to the box... Update Oops... actually, I need to export an SVN off of this server. So yeah, there's stuff I need.

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• Root certificate authority works windows/linux but not mac osx - (malformed)

  - by AKwhat

  I have created a self-signed root certificate authority which if I install onto windows, linux, or even using the certificate store in firefox (windows/linux/macosx) will work perfectly with my terminating proxy. I have installed it into the system keychain and I have set the certificate to always trust. Within the chrome browser details it says "The certificate that Chrome received during this connection attempt is not formatted correctly, so Chrome cannot use it to protect your information. Error type: Malformed certificate" I used this code to create the certificate: openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:***** -out private/server.key 4096 openssl req -batch -passin pass:***** -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3600 -key private/server.key -out server.crt -config ../openssl.cnf If the issue is NOT that it is malformed (because it works everywhere else) then what else could it be? Am I installing it incorrectly? Update I tried changing the certificate attributes, but to no avail: openssl genrsa -des -passout pass:***** -out private/server.key 2048 openssl req -batch -passin pass:***** -new -x509 -nodes -sha256 -days 3600 -key private/server.key -out server.crt -config ../openssl.cnf

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• Application outside document root in Apache/CentOS

  - by liz

  I have a PHP application running in Apache on CentOS 6. The document root is pointed to a specific app folder: /var/www/my-project/app I'm trying to get phpMyAdmin running on the same server but I don't want to put it in the application folder. Instead I'd like to put it here /var/www/apps/phpmyadmin I'm using a sub domain for the server. What's the easiest way for me to get access to phpMyAdmin? Another subdomain? sub subdomain? Re-direct a folder?

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• Two domains hosted on the same server with different root folder shows up the same homepage

  - by emaillenin

  I have hosted two domains from GoDaddy at Linode VPS. They are mobiletoast.com and lesseltechnologies.com Thought the latter site has a separate index folder, whenever I navigate to it, I get the homepage of mobiletoast.com The strange thing is, I see the expected page (It works), when I open the site from my mobile phone. But when I open the site from my PC (any browser, without any cache, hard refresh), I get the homepage of mobiletoast.com The Linode support team says, they see the correct "It works" page. But I am not able to see that page. This is the output of the command apache2ctl -S root@li339-83:~# apache2ctl -S VirtualHost configuration: wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost blog.mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/blog.mobiletoast.com:1) port 80 namevhost lesseltechnologies.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/lesseltechnologies.com:1) port 80 namevhost mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mobiletoast.com:1) Syntax OK

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• Apache user owns git project root, with git-http-backend setup, but still having permissions problems

  - by Luke

  I've setup git-http-backend on my vps server (CentOS), under one of its users. The apache user owns the git project root directory - /home/theuser/git/, as below: drwxrwxr-x 3 apache apache The apache user also owns everything inside that directory. But I'm still getting the following error in git when trying to push: error: unpack failed: unpack-objects abnormal exit The apache error log shows the following error: error: insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database ./objects I've tried every combination of user permissions and enabled read/write access, but not getting anywhere. Should the git user own this folder? Can someone explain exactly what user should own this folder, or what steps I might take to fix this problem?

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• Network DFS Shares Jumping Back To Root

  - by Taz

  We map several network drives to DFS locations via a logon script. Recently we've had a number of users complain of a very unusual behaviour when navigating these shares. They will be going through folders and will get 'rubber-banded' back to the root of the share. This will happen for a few minutes and then go back to behaving normally. The users are on Windows 7 and the fileshare is on Windows Server 2K8R2. Any idea what could be causing this annoying behaviour?

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• Installing the Apple Root Certificate Authority on CentOS CLI

  - by Daniel Hollands

  I could be barking up the wrong tree here, but I'm looking for help on installing Apple's Root certificate (http://www.apple.com/certificateauthority/) on a CentOS server via the command line - which I need to send messages to their APNS system. The code I'm using for this purpose is a variation on this: https://github.com/jPaolantonio/SimplePush/blob/master/simplepush.php - which works perfectly well on a Windows server, but as soon as we try to use it on a CentOS one, it falls over. We're lead to believe this has something to do with not having the CA installed on our CentOS box - but all efforts to do so have failed. As the CentOS server is headless, we need the ability to do this via the commandline. Can someone help?

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• Linux find/search root partition ONLY?

  - by ~sd-imi

  Say I need to do: find / -name somefile.txt and say root partition / is mounted on /dev/sda5; however, let's say I also have 250GB partitions (/dev/sda6, /dev/sda7) mounted in /media - AND another location that I cannot currently remember. Say, also, that I know the file I'm looking for is on /dev/sda5. Obviously, the above command will also descend in /media and that other directory which represent the big partitions, wasting time in looking for the file in the wrong place. Is there a way to instruct find (or other command) to search only / on /dev/sda5, and NOT to descend to directories if they are on different partitions ? Thanks, Cheers!

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• Only allow root to change filesystem

  - by Uejji

  The VPS I manage uses a simple hard link rsync archive daily backup system saved to a loop file. This is great, because each backup only takes up as much space as what has changed each day, and all user/group permissions are kept. I would like to give users direct access to their home directories in each backup, but I'm worried about intentional or accidental backup data destruction, as how it stands now users can actually change, destroy or add to backed up data they originally owned. I've been looking for a way to mount this filesystem similar to an ro mount option, but something that would still allow rw access to root, but I've had absolutely no luck. In other words, I want users to be able to view and copy their backed up data without actually being able to change it, and have that data maintain the original permissions. I've got no real preferences as far as filesystem, as long as it's a standard unix filesystem that can preserve permissions, support hard links and deny write access to users without actually stripping the w permission from everything.

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• Setting up Apache directory root behavior

  - by Corey

  I'm running Apache on a Windows machine for local testing and I'm new to it. Currently, if I navigate to localhost/ in a web browser, it will display an index.html page if one exists. Otherwise, it will display the directory listing. How can I make it so that navigating to a root directory will display more than index.html? What I need is so that if either: index.html, index.htm, or index.php exist, it will navigate to one of those. How can I disable showing directory roots? I would like it to return a 403 Forbidden error if no index page exists.

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• why is this happening?-"dhcpcd will not work correctly unless run as root"

  - by user330317

  i have installed archlinux and gnome on virtualbox. had no problem connecting to internet but now after installing gnome and rebooting there is no internet connection after following instructions from archwiki,i have tried . but i cant figure out the problem please help. host-63drhd% sudo netctl status enp0s3 ? [email protected] - Networking for netctl profile enp0s3 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; static) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:netctl.profile(5) host-63drhd% sudo netctl enable enp0s3 Profile 'enp0s3' does not exist or is not readable host-63drhd% sudo dhcpcd dhcpcd[1486]: sending commands to master dhcpcd process host-63drhd% dhcpcd dhcpcd[1543]: control_open: Permission denied dhcpcd[1543]: dhcpcd will not work correctly unless run as root dhcpcd[1543]: open `/run/dhcpcd.pid': Permission denied dhcpcd[1543]: control_start: Permission denied dhcpcd[1543]: version 6.3.2 starting dhcpcd[1543]: enp0s3: if_init: Permission denied dhcpcd[1543]: enp0s8: if_init: Permission denied dhcpcd[1543]: no valid interfaces found dhcpcd[1543]: no interfaces have a carrier dhcpcd[1543]: forked to background, child pid 1544

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• Access denied for user 'root@localhost' (using password:NO)

  - by murgatroid99

  I am attempting to install a network management package called cacti onto Ubuntu running under Windows Virtual PC. I attempted to install MySQL as it is one of cacti's dependencies. I can install and start the MySQL server, but whenever I try to access it in any other way, such as to change the password, I get the error message Access denied for user 'root@localhost' (using password:NO). I would like to know what is causing this and how to fix it. Edit: (just in case my comments are not visible) The answers from HD and Devin Ceartas did not work for me.

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• Moving the home directory to a new drive

  - by Mellowcandle

  I have no more space left on my hard-drive. So I bought a new one and I would like this hard-drive to be the home folder. I thought of copying all the stuff I have on the home folder to the hard-drive partition. and creating a symbolic-link from ~ to there. The problem I have is that I can't really delete the home folder while I'm logged in as the current user. Is there a way to log out, and log in as root in Linux Mint? I want to be able to do this without a live-CD solution.

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• cloud hosting with only root partition

  - by user123198

  We are starting a website possibly with couple of thousands hits every day and few thousands registered users. By our hosting provider we were adviced to go with cloud hosting which we can easily expand later if we need. It is Ubuntu 11 running in WM. The problem we run into is the disk is divided only in root and swap partition which is not advised from security point of view. When consulting this with technical support we got the reply that it is not possible to make more partitions and that it is mainly issue with windows server and linux is generally fine. I'm looking here for an advice if we should switch the hosting for perhaps dedicated server where we have the full control or it is something not too be worried about too much.

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