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  • "Arbitrary" context free grammars?

    - by danwroy
    Long time admirer first time inquirer :) I'm working on a program which derives a deterministic finite-state automata from a context-free grammar, and the paper I have been assigned which explains how to do this keeps referring to "arbitrary probabilistic context-free grammars" but never defines the meaning of "arbitrary" in relation to PCFGs. I assume they mean "any old PCFG" but then why not just say "any PCFG"? The term also turns up in several Wikipedia entries. At the top of the CFG page there is a reference to arbitrariness in relation to CFGs on ("clauses can be nested inside clauses arbitrarily deeply"), but doesn't make clear why someone would refer to a PCFG or subset of PCFGs as arbitrary. In case anyone is curious, the paper is Parsing and Hypergraphs by Klein and Manning (2001); I've also been reading two other papers by them related to this one (An Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars and Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Penn Treebank) which use the term extensively but never explain it either. Thanks for your help!

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  • COGNOS 8 Bi value prompt

    - by Rahul Kadam
    Currently I have a value prompt added to my report (with UI selected as List-Box) and the date item used is name 'YEAR'. Now when I run the report the values in the value prompt are seen as below: YEAR 2004 2005 2006 What I want to do is get rid of the year tag that is present in the output of the value prompt box, more clearly the output in the value prompt box should be as below: 2004 2005 2006 Can someone let me know how that can be achieved?

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  • Rails / ActiveRecord Modeling Help

    - by JM
    I’m trying to model a relationship in ActiveRecord and I think it’s a little beyond my skill level. Here’s the background. This is a horse racing project and I’m trying to model a horses Connections over time. Connections are defined as the Horse’s Current: Owner, Trainer and Jockey. Over time, a horse’s connections can change for a lot of different reasons: The owner sells the horse in a private sale The horse is claimed (purchase in a public sale) The Trainer switches jockeys The owner switches trainers In my first attempt at modeling this, I created the following tables: Horses, Owners, Trainers, Jockeys and Connections. Essentially, the Connections table was the has-many-through join table and was structured as follows: Connections Table 1 Id Horse_id Owner_id Trainer_id Jockey_id Status_Code Status_Date Change_Code The Horse, Owner, Trainer and Jockey foreign keys are self explanatory. The status code is 1 or 0 (1 active, 0 inactive) and the status date is the date the status changed. Change_code is and integer or string value that represent the reason for the change (private sale, claim, jockey change, etc) The key benefit of this approach is that the Connection is represented as one record in the connections table. The downside is that I have to have a table for Owner (1), Trainer (2) and Jockey (3) when one table could due. In my second attempt at modeling this I created the following tables: Horses, Connections, Entities The Entities tables has the following structure Entities Table id First_name Last_name Role where Role represents if the entity is a Owner, Trainer or Jockey. Under this approach, my Connections table has the following structure Connections Table 2 id Horse_id Entity_id Role Status_Code Status_Date Change_Code 1 1 1 1 1 1/1/2010 2 1 4 2 1 1/1/2010 3 1 10 3 1 1/1/2010 This approach has the benefit of eliminating two tables, but on the other hand the Connection is now comprised of three different records as opposed to one in the first approach. What believe I’m looking for is an approach that allows me to capture the Connection in one record, but also uses an Entities table with roles instead of the Owner, Trainer and Jockey tables. I’m new to ActiveRecord and rails so any and all input would be greatly appreciated. Perhaps there are other ways that would even be better. Thanks!

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  • Rails migration for change column

    - by b_ayan
    We have script/generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:datatype syntax for adding new columns to a model. On the same line, do we have a script/generate for changing the datatype of a column? Or should I write sql directly into my vanilla migration? I want to change a column from datetime to date. Thanks

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  • Automatically generating better views for ASP.NET MVC

    - by Casebash
    I am currently watching the 80 minute ASP.NET MVC introduction. Automatically generating views from a model is pretty neat, but it seems to me that that the automatically generated views could be much better. For a start, instead of inputing dates with text boxes, there could be a date control. Additionally, number inputs could be verified client side. There are probably other improvements that could be made as well. Is it possible to automatically generate better views?

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  • Strange Email Activity Ruby on Rails

    - by Stranger
    Environment.rb ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method = :sendmail ActionMailer::Base.sendmail_settings = { :address = "mail.example.org", :domain = "example.org", :port = 25, :authentication = :login, :user_name = "email+email.org", :password = "password" } ActionMailer::Base.perform_deliveries = true ActionMailer::Base.raise_delivery_errors = true ActionMailer::Base.default_charset = "utf-8" Development.log Sent mail to [email protected] Date: Sat, 17 Apr 2010 19:38:08 -0500 From: example.org To: [email protected] Subject: Hello Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 The process of sending email is ok but when I check my email I didn't recive any. What seems to be wrong?

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  • ASP:LinkButton and Eval

    - by sgibbons
    I'm using an ASP:LinkButton inside of an ItemTemplate inside of a TemplateField in a GridView. For the command argument for the link button I want to pass the ID of the row from the datasource that the gridview is bound to, so I'm doing something like this: <asp:LinkButton ID="viewLogButton" CommandName="viewLog" CommandArgument="<%#Eval("ID")%>" Text="View Log" runat="server"/> Unfortunately, the resulting HTML is this: <asp:LinkButton ID="viewLogButton" CommandName="viewLog" CommandArgument="3" Text="View Log" runat="server"/> It seems that it is parsing the Eval() properly, but this is somehow causing it not to parse the LinkButton tag and just dump it out as literal text. Does anyone know: a) why this is happening and, b) what a good solution to this problem is?

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  • SQL to join to the best matching row

    - by williamjones
    I have a wiki system where there is a central table, Article, that has many Revisions in their own table. The Revisions each contain a created_at time and date column. I want to update the Articles to contain a denormalized field sort_name from the most recent Revision's name field. What SQL command can I issue to fill in each Article's sort_name field with its most recent Revision's name field? For what it's worth, I'm on PostgreSQL.

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  • how to learn winsock or raw sockets? (c++)

    - by blood
    i have been googleing trying to find a Winsock book or something about networking but all i can find is out of date books or nothing at all :( so does anyone know a book i can buy to learn about networking in VC++ 2008? i really would like a book i could hold because i learn better when it's in my hand.

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  • LINQ group by and getting latest value

    - by gregmac
    Say I have a structure like: class SomeObject Public Name as String Public Created as Date ... end class I have a List(of SomeObject), which has multiple entries for each name with different times. I'd like to select the newest (largest Created value) object for each Name. Given: Name Created A 2010-04-16 * A 2010-04-15 B 2010-04-12 B 2010-04-13 * C 2010-04-16 * I'd like to pick the objects with the * beside them. Is this possible using LINQ?

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  • How to gather information on windows shell programming?

    - by terrani
    Hi, I am very interested in learning windows shell programming. So...I searched for books on the amazon.com. I see that books on the amazon.com are out of date. Most of books are published before 2005. I googled about it and found many tips and tricks, but not step by step guide. Where do I get started?

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  • javascript number split

    - by Jaron787
    Can anyboyd help me split up this date number in javascript so that when it is outputted to the screen it has slashes between the 4th and 5th number and the 6th and 7th number, so that it can be understood by a vxml voice browser. The number can be any value so i need it to work for any eight digit number. Like so: 20100820 2010/08/20 Many thanks

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  • logic for a php function

    - by danish hashmi
    i need to make a php code for checking hotel room avaibility where user from the present day can book rooms upto 90 days or less and there are total 30 rooms available in the hotel,so if once i store the data for a user like his booking from one date till another next time if i want to check the avaibility how should i do it in php,what would be the logic. obviously i simple query like this isn't correct for eg $this->db->select('*') ->from('default_bookings') ->where('booking_from <',$input['fromdate']) ->where('booking_till >',$input['tilldate']);

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  • BOM in a PHP page auto generated by Wordpress

    - by Paolo63
    I admin two different blogs. They are both wordpress 2.8.6 (so they have exactly the same source code, plugins apart) but they are located on two different hosting platform (hostmonster.com and aruba.it). To explain my problem I've dumped with SmartSniff a session with each one of the sites. Here is the dump from hostmonster: GET /blog/paolo/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.e-venturi.com Accept-Encoding: identity Accept-Language: en-us Accept: text/html, text/plain, text/xml, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/x-icon,image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */* User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0;) HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sat, 28 Nov 2009 23:47:38 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8l DAV/2 mod_auth_passthrough/2.1 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.11 X-Pingback: http://www.e-venturi.com/blog/paolo/xmlrpc.php Vary: Accept-Encoding Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 a6 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> and now from aruba: GET /blog/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.cubanite.net Accept-Encoding: identity Accept-Language: en-us Accept: text/html, text/plain, text/xml, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/x-icon,image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */* User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0;) HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sat, 28 Nov 2009 23:49:19 GMT Server: Apache/2.2 X-Pingback: http://www.cubanite.net/blog/xmlrpc.php Vary: Accept-Encoding Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 100b ...<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> (note: a6 and 100b are the packet size reported by SmartSniff) Ok, the big difference are the three dots in front of the <!DOCTYPE in aruba. They are the UTF-8 BOM (0xef 0xbb 0xbf). Being the same PHP source on both the servers, why does it appears only on one server ? The content is generated so the post author can't deliberately insert a BOM and I've verified the template to be BOM free too. Naturally there are different PHP and Apache versions on the servers... what can I check or set to diagnose and resolve the problem ? By the way I don't want the BOM. Many thanks in advance.

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  • Unescape _xHHHH_ XML escape sequences using Python

    - by John Machin
    I'm using Python 2.x [not negotiable] to read XML documents [created by others] that allow the content of many elements to contain characters that are not valid XML characters by escaping them using the _xHHHH_ convention e.g. ASCII BEL aka U+0007 is represented by the 7-character sequence u"_x0007_". Neither the functionality that allows representation of any old character in the document nor the manner of escaping is negotiable. I'm parsing the documents using cElementTree or lxml [semi-negotiable]. Here is my best attempt at unescapeing the parser output as efficiently as possible: import re def unescape(s, subber=re.compile(r'_x[0-9A-Fa-f]{4,4}_').sub, repl=lambda mobj: unichr(int(mobj.group(0)[2:6], 16)), ): if "_" in s: return subber(repl, s) return s The above is biassed by observing a very low frequency of "_" in typical text and a better-than-doubling of speed by avoiding the regex apparatus where possible. The question: Any better ideas out there?

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  • Objects not loading on second request in Restkit

    - by Holger Edward Wardlow Sindbæk
    I'm sending off 2 requests simultaneously with Restkit and I receive a response back from both of them, but only one of the requests receives any objects. If I send them off one by one, then my objectloader receives all objects. First request: self.firstObjectManager = [RKObjectManager sharedManager]; [self.firstObjectManager loadObjectsAtResourcePath:[NSString stringWithFormat: @"/%@.json", subUrl] usingBlock:^(RKObjectLoader *loader){ [loader.mappingProvider setObjectMapping:designArrayMapping forKeyPath:@""]; loader.userData = @"design"; loader.delegate = self; [loader sendAsynchronously]; }]; Second request: self.secondObjectManager = [RKObjectManager sharedManager]; [self.secondObjectManager loadObjectsAtResourcePath:[NSString stringWithFormat: @"/%@.json", subUrl] usingBlock:^(RKObjectLoader *loader){ [loader.mappingProvider setObjectMapping:designerMapping forKeyPath:@""]; loader.userData = @"designer"; loader.delegate = self; [loader sendAsynchronously]; }]; My objecloader: -(void)objectLoader:(RKObjectLoader *)objectLoader didLoadObjects:(NSArray *)objects { //NSLog(@"This happened: %@", objectLoader.userData); if (objectLoader.userData == @"design") { NSLog(@"Design happened: %i", objects.count); }else if(objectLoader.userData == @"designer"){ NSLog(@"designer: %@", [objects objectAtIndex:0]); } } My response: 2012-11-18 14:36:19.607 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] Started loading of request: designer 2012-11-18 14:36:22.575 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] I restkit.network:RKRequest.m:680:-[RKRequest updateInternalCacheDate] Updating cache date for request <RKObjectLoader: 0x95c3160> to 2012-11-18 19:36:22 +0000 2012-11-18 14:36:22.576 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] response code: 200 2012-11-18 14:36:22.584 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] Design happened: 0 2012-11-18 14:36:22.603 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] I restkit.network:RKRequest.m:680:-[RKRequest updateInternalCacheDate] Updating cache date for request <RKObjectLoader: 0xa589b50> to 2012-11-18 19:36:22 +0000 2012-11-18 14:36:22.605 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] response code: 200 2012-11-18 14:36:22.606 RestKitTest5[14220:c07] designer: <DesignerData: 0xa269fc0> Update: Setting my base url RKURL *baseURL = [RKURL URLWithBaseURLString:@"http://iphone.meer.li"]; [RKObjectManager setSharedManager:[RKObjectManager managerWithBaseURL:baseURL]]; Solution Problem was that I used the shared manager for both object managers, so I ended up doing: RKURL *baseURL = [RKURL URLWithBaseURLString:@"http://iphone.meer.li"]; RKObjectManager *myObjectManager = [[RKObjectManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL]; self.firstObjectManager = myObjectManager; and: RKURL *baseURL = [RKURL URLWithBaseURLString:@"http://iphone.meer.li"]; RKObjectManager *myObjectManager = [[RKObjectManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL]; self.secondObjectManager = myObjectManager;

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  • Visual Studio error on valid SQL

    - by Sam
    I'm getting an annoying error in visual studio for SQL that executes fine. SELECT InvoiceLines.LineID, InvoiceLines.InvoiceID, InvoiceLines.Text, InvoiceLines.Rate, InvoiceLines.Count, InvoiceLines.Rate * InvoiceLines.Count AS LineTotal, ((InvoiceLines.Rate * InvoiceLines.Count) * (1 + Invoices.VatRate / 100)) * (1 - CAST(Invoices.Discount AS money) * InvoiceLines.ApplyDiscount / 100) AS LineTotalIncVat, InvoiceLines.ApplyDiscount FROM InvoiceLines LEFT JOIN Invoices ON Invoices.InvoiceID = InvoiceLines.InvoiceID What LineTotalIncVat is trying to do is compute the total for the invoice item while adding the vat and subtracting the discount, and yes, probably better to do this in code (would if I could) The error visual studio gives is: There was an error parsing the query [token line number =1, token line offset =14, token in error = InvoiceLines] Even though it will validate and execute without a problem in the query builder...

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  • Two '==' equality operators in same 'if' condition are not working as intended.

    - by Manav MN
    I am trying to establish equality of three equal variables, but the following code is not printing the obvious true answer which it should print. Can someone explain, how the compiler is parsing the given if condition internally? #include<stdio.h> int main() { int i = 123, j = 123, k = 123; if ( i == j == k) printf("Equal\n"); else printf("NOT Equal\n"); return 0; } Output: manav@workstation:~$ gcc -Wall -pedantic calc.c calc.c: In function ‘main’: calc.c:5: warning: suggest parentheses around comparison in operand of ‘==’ manav@workstation:~$ ./a.out NOT Equal manav@workstation:~$ EDIT: Going by the answers given below, is the following statement okay to check above equality? if ( (i==j) == (j==k))

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  • Link all'interno di un campo testo

    - by aleds
    Ciao a tutti, nella Rails app che sto realizzando, l'utente ha la possibilita' di inserire un post (campo memo) con all'interno una URL. Ad esempio: "bla bla bla bla www.blabla.com bla bla bla ..." Nel mostrare tale post vorrei che www.blabla.com diventasse un link cliccabile (come avviene in twitter). Ovviamente deve essere fatto un parsing della url, immagino usando le espressioni regolari. Avete dei consigli in merito ? Esiste qualcosa di gia' fatto oppure inizio da subito a scrivere il codice :) ? Grazie Alessandro DS http://alex-on-rails.blogspot.com/

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