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  • When will Ubuntu migrate to GTK+ 3.0?

    - by Moma Antero
    Hello, I just got known that GTK+ 3.0.0 has been released. Will Ubuntu 10.10/11.04 come with runtime libraries for GTK+ 3.0? Are these installed by default? Will Ubuntu have development libraries and header files for compilation of GTK+ 3.0 programs? When will Ubuntu (as whole) move to GTK 3? I'm mostly concerned about moving audio-recorder app from GTK+ 2.x to 3.0. References: Migrating from GTK+ 2 to GTK+ 3 guide GTK+ 3 Reference Manual:

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  • Where do I read more about building an architecture like Google has? [on hold]

    - by user107148
    I want to develop a program that watches and traverses a rather big network for data. This data should then be available to search through with my program, maybe through a web interface or something. My intuitive thought at the moment is to build an architecture kind of like the one Google has. One "front-end" (the Google Search page) which is essentially a regular web application and one "back-end" (which in Google's case traverses the web). Now for the hard part: If I decide to make such a system, how should communication be done between these parts? One idea I had is to use some kind of database that both the back-end and front-end can access, but then comes the issues of concurrent writes and reads. Another issue with just using a database to communicate is that it makes it hard to "notify" the other part when something changes. Let's say that I want the "front-end" part to push changes to the UI when a change is noticed in the back-end. Then the back-end would have to have some way of notifying the front-end of this.

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  • Mouse works only in some applications

    - by Zbee
    Recently my mouse has been buggy (actually one of the reasons I'm switching from Windows 8.1) (I say mouse, but I mean mice, I've tried several). It will work just fine, but when I try to click in the unity launcher to switch to a program such as Terminal it won't work. If I then use alt+tab to switch to Terminal I cannot click in the still-exposed Firefox to switch to that, AND it will change the mouse cursor to show things in Firefox as if I was still focused on the window (show the hand when hovering over a link). But if I then try to type in Firefox, thinking Terminal is now just shown over all windows, it types in Terminal. In Windows 8.1 I had a similar problem, I would run a program, but would only be able to use my mouse in it to click and right-click and everything for about 20 seconds before it would stop responding. NOTE: my mouse still moves around, I just can't click and sometimes it won't even register as hovering over something. I'm currently on Ubuntu 14.04 and the other OS is Windows 8.1. Any help is appreciated, Ethan

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  • Nuget Commands

    - by kasi
    .Net Packages can be installed/uinstalled through the "Package Manager console" or through the VS 2010 option  "Tools" > "Library Package Manager" > "Add Library package reference" : CodePlex under getting started section http://nuget.codeplex.com/documentation?title=Package%20Manager%20Console%20Command%20Reference lists all the commands that are available for execution in package manager console.

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  • Windows: Create shortcut to changing folder name

    - by mikeparkie
    I have some portable apps and when I download them they extract to a normal directory structure, but the structure includes a version number, How do I create a start-up shortcut to the program so it doesn’t break when the application is updated? For example: I can create a shortcut to “D:\PortableApp\V1\prog.exe” and place the shortcut into Startup items and it works fine. Now the program is updated to V1.1. How do I get the shortcut to update to “D:\PortableApp\V1.1\prog.exe”without manually updating the shortcut? Thanks in advance mikeparkie

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  • Can I use applescript to click buttons in background?

    - by Giorgio
    Sorry for this generic and probably bad-written question. I've never programmed in applescript, but I'm quite familiar with other coding language. I'm in the need of clicking on 2 sequential button inside the lobby of a software (when you click the first a popup appears and we should click 'ok'). However things are a little bit more complicated then this because: 1) the lobby of this program isn't in foreground: it's covered by other windows opened. (I don't have experience so I don't know if this represent a problem). 2) there should be a timer and the program should click this button at regular intervals. Is this feasible with applescript?

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  • Getting Niche Specific Natural Back Links

    The only way your niche sites can become popular is by getting maximum natural back links. Search engines like it when your page is linked as a reference to some topic. These links have excellent anchor text in them. The websites which link back to your pages are also of the related category. This is an added bonus.

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  • Backing up to USB drives in 2008 R2

    - by jbbarnes
    I set up backups in 2008 R2 to backup to a USB drive, and the backup program formatted the drive so it doesn't appear with a drive letter. Rotating to the next of four backup drives breaks the backups because it has an NTFS partition on it. I don't see a way to prepare each of my USB drives to be used for backups. What kind of formatting is the backup program expecting to find and write to and how do I ensure my other USB drives can be rotated? Thanks.

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  • Microsoft dévoile « Bing for schools », une version sans publicité de son moteur de recherche, axée sur l'apprentissage pour les écoles

    Microsoft dévoile « Bing for Schools » une version sans publicité de son moteur de recherche, axée sur l'apprentissage pour les écolesMicrosoft veut faire du moteur de recherche Bing une plateforme de référence pour les écoliers.La firme a annoncé le lancement dans quelques mois du nouveau « Bing for Schools », une version axée vers l'éducation de son moteur de recherche, dépourvue de publicités et de contenus pour adultes.Cette nouvelle version sera disponible gratuitement pour les écoles qui pourront s'inscrire volontairement au programme. Aucun logiciel spécial ne sera requis et les redirections vers « Bing for schools » se feront automatiquement à partir de l'adresse Bing.com.L'enga...

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  • a c++ code for scheduling tasks [closed]

    - by scheduling
    This code has no errors but then when i execute it, there is no output and the program automatically shuts down saying the program has stopped working. #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<time.h> #include<string.h> int main() { char *timetoken; char currtime[7]; char schedtime[7]; int i; struct tm *localtimeptr; strcpy(schedtime,"15:25:00"); while(6!=9) { time_t lt; sleep(1); lt = time(NULL); localtimeptr = localtime(lt); timetoken=strtok(asctime(localtimeptr)," "); for(i=1;i<5;i++) timetoken=strtok('\0'," "); if(i==3) { strcpy(currtime,timetoken); } } printf("The current time is: %s\n",currtime); printf("We are waiting for: %s\n",schedtime); if(!strcmp(currtime,schedtime)) { printf("Time to do stuff \n"); system("C:\PROJECT X"); } getch(); return 0; }

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  • 2010 outlook stationery

    - by chris
    I have just installed Microsoft 2010 I am using the 'Outlook 2010' for my email program. For the past few years I have used Outlook Express and used the program quite well However with the Outlook 2010 I have not been able to find 2 functions that I was able to do on Outlook Express 1) OE I could press stationary and it would insert a BIT Map for me , however when I do stationary in Outlook 2010 it no longer allows me to insert the Bit map. 2) OE I created a rule that allowed me to copy emails into another folder , however in 2010 it only allows me to move as a rule and not the initial copy. Please could you explain how I may be able to use the same function in 2010?

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  • All Webcams (integrated or otherwise) have stopped working

    - by cgoddard
    Recently, like in the last few months (incidentally, I didn't notice it at first, but I think it might have coincided with the installation of libusb) all webcams have stopped working on my laptop. But, its not a driver error or anything like that, the webcam claims it is working, but when I try to use it in skype, it tells me that it thinks another program is using my webcam. However, I have tried going through every program and closing it until system crash, but it never becomes available. But the light on the side of the inbuilt webcam doesn't come on. And when I added a second webcam, it became available to the system, installed fine, return error 0 on the devices manager, and when I tried to use it, claimed it was in use. How can I find out what might have gone wrong to be causing the system to think that the webcams are constantly in use?

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  • Docking CDialogBar Horizontally with CToolbar [migrated]

    - by PSU
    I need to display a CToolbar (m_wndToolBar) and a CDialogBar (m_wndDlgBarSid1) horizontally (i.e. next to each other, not above one another). The parent frame is derived from CMDIFrameWnd. I've tried all sorts of variations to get this to work. While I can properly position the CDialogBar to the right of the CToolbar, I cannot persist the positioning, although the WINDOWPLACEMENT mechanism is working correctly (the registry is written on program exit); whenever the program is run, the CToolbar shows up docked left, and the CDialogBar shows up below it, also docked left. I'm using (perforce) MFC and Visual C++ 6.0. Here's the code, slightly redacted to remove debug printouts and the like: int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) { if (CMDIFrameWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1) { return -1; } if (!m_wndToolBar.Create(this) || !m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_MAINFRAME) ) { return -1; // fail to create } if (!m_wndDlgBarSid1.Create(this, IDD_DIALOGBAR_SID1, CBRS_ALIGN_TOP, AFX_IDW_DIALOGBAR)) { return -1; // fail to create } WINDOWPLACEMENT wp ; CString sSection = "DialogBarSettings"; CString sEntry = "Sid1"; if ( ReadWindowPlacement( &wp, sSection, sEntry )) { BOOL bSWP = m_wndDlgBarSid1.SetWindowPlacement( &wp ); RecalcLayout(); } m_wndToolBar.SetBarStyle(m_wndToolBar.GetBarStyle() | CBRS_TOOLTIPS | CBRS_FLYBY | CBRS_SIZE_DYNAMIC); m_wndToolBar.GetToolBarCtrl().ModifyStyle( 0, TBSTYLE_FLAT, 0 ) ; m_wndDlgBarSid1.SetBarStyle(m_wndToolBar.GetBarStyle() | CBRS_SIZE_DYNAMIC | CBRS_TOP | CBRS_GRIPPER | CBRS_TOOLTIPS | CBRS_FLYBY ) ; m_wndToolBar.EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_ANY); EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_ANY); DockControlBar(&m_wndToolBar); m_wndDlgBarSid1.EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_TOP | CBRS_ALIGN_BOTTOM); DockControlBar(&m_wndDlgBarSid1,AFX_IDW_DOCKBAR_TOP); return 0; } Any thoughts?

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  • C programming multiple storage backends

    - by ahjmorton
    I am starting a side project in C which requires multiple storage backends to be driven by a particular piece of logic. These storage backends would each be linked with the decision of which one to use specified at runtime. So for example if I invoke my program with one set of parameters it will perform the operations in memory but if I change the program configuration it would write to disk. The underlying idea is that each storage backend should implement the same protocol. In other words the logic for performing operations should need to know which backend it is operating on. Currently the way I have thought to provide this indirection is to have a struct of function pointers with the logic calling these function pointers. Essentially the struct would contain all the operations needed to implement the higher level logic E.g. struct Context { void (* doPartOfDoOp)(void) int (* getResult)(void); } //logic.h void doOp(Context * context) { //bunch of stuff context->doPartOfDoOp(); } int getResult(Context * context) { //bunch of stuff return context->getResult(); } My questions is if this way of solving the problem is one a C programmer would understand? I am a Java developer by trade but enjoy using C/++. Essentially the Context struct provides an interface like level of indirection. However I would like to know if there is a more idiomatic way of achieving this.

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  • Build problems when adding `__str__` method to Boost Python C++ class

    - by Rickard
    I have started to play around with boost python a bit and ran into a problem. I tried to expose a C++ class to python which posed no problems. But I can't seem to manage to implement the __str__ functionality for the class without getting build errors I don't understand. I'm using boost 1_42 prebuild by boostpro. I build the library using cmake and the vs2010 compiler. I have a very simple setup. The header-file (tutorial.h) looks like the following: #include <iostream> namespace TestBoostPython{ class TestClass { private: double m_x; public: TestClass(double x); double Get_x() const; void Set_x(double x); }; std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &ostr, const TestClass &ts); }; and the corresponding cpp-file looks like: #include <boost/python.hpp> #include "tutorial.h" using namespace TestBoostPython; TestClass::TestClass(double x) { m_x = x; } double TestClass::Get_x() const { return m_x; } void TestClass::Set_x(double x) { m_x = x; } std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &ostr, TestClass &ts) { ostr << ts.Get_x() << "\n"; return ostr; } BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(testme) { using namespace boost::python; class_<TestClass>("TestClass", init<double>()) .add_property("x", &TestClass::Get_x, &TestClass::Set_x) .def(str(self)) ; } The CMakeLists.txt looks like the following: CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.8) project (testme) FIND_PACKAGE( Boost REQUIRED ) FIND_PACKAGE( Boost COMPONENTS python REQUIRED ) FIND_PACKAGE( PythonLibs REQUIRED ) set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS OFF) set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREAD ON) INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}) INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ( ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_PATH} ) add_library(testme SHARED tutorial.cpp) target_link_libraries(testme ${Boost_PYTHON_LIBRARY}) target_link_libraries(testme ${PYTHON_LIBRARY} The build error I get is the following: Compiling... tutorial.cpp C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/def_visitor.hpp(31) : error C2780: 'void boost::python::api::object_operators::visit(ClassT &,const char *,const boost::python::detail::def_helper &) const' : expects 3 arguments - 1 provided with [ U=boost::python::api::object ] C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/object_core.hpp(203) : see declaration of 'boost::python::api::object_operators::visit' with [ U=boost::python::api::object ] C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/def_visitor.hpp(67) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void boost::python::def_visitor_access::visit,classT>(const V &,classT &)' being compiled with [ DerivedVisitor=boost::python::api::object, classT=boost::python::class_, V=boost::python::def_visitor ] C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/class.hpp(225) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void boost::python::def_visitor::visit>(classT &) const' being compiled with [ DerivedVisitor=boost::python::api::object, W=TestBoostPython::TestClass, classT=boost::python::class_ ] .\tutorial.cpp(29) : see reference to function template instantiation 'boost::python::class_ &boost::python::class_::def(const boost::python::def_visitor &)' being compiled with [ W=TestBoostPython::TestClass, U=boost::python::api::object, DerivedVisitor=boost::python::api::object ] Does anyone have any idea on what went wrrong? If I remove the .def(str(self)) part from the wrapper code, everything compiles fine and the class is usable from python. I'd be very greatful for assistance. Thank you, Rickard

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  • Understanding Node.js and concept of non-blocking I/O

    - by Saif Bechan
    Recently I became interested in using Node.js to tackle some of the parts of my web-application. I love the part that its full JavaScript and its very light weight so no use anymore to call an JavaScript-PHP call but a lighter JavaScript-JavaScript call. I however do not understand all the concepts explained. Basic concepts Now in the presentation for Node.js Ryan Dahl talks about non-blocking IO and why this is the way we need to create our programs. I can understand the theoretical concept. You just don't wait for a response, you go ahead and do other things. You make a callback for the response, and when the response arrives millions of clock-cycles later, you can fire that. If you have not already I recommend to watch this presentation. It is very easy to follow and pretty detailed. There are some nice concepts explained on how to write your code in a good manner. There are also some examples given and I am going to work with the basic example given. Examples The way we do thing now: puts("Enter your name: "); var name = gets(); puts("Name: " + name); Now the problem with this is that the code is halted at line 1. It blocks your code. The way we need to do things according to node puts("Enter your name: "); gets(function (name) { puts("Name: " + name); }); Now with this your program does not halt, because the input is a function within the output. So the programs continues to work without halting. Questions Now the basic question I have is how does this work in real-life situations. I am talking here for the use in web-applications. The application I am writing does I/O, bit is still does it in am blocking matter. I think that most of the time, if not all, you need to block, because you have to wait on what the response is you have to work with. When you need to get some information from the database, most of the time this data needs to be verified before you can further with the code. Example 1 If you take a login for example. You have to wait for the database to response to return, because you can not do anything else. I can't see a way around this without blocking. Example 2 Going back to the basic example. The use just request something from a database which does not need any verification. You still have to block because you don't have anything to do more. I can not come up with a single example where you want to do other things while you wait for the response to return. Possible answers I have read that this frees up recourses. When you program like this it takes less CPU or memory usage. So this non-blocking IO is ONLY meant to free up recourses and does not have any other practical use. Not that this is not a huge plus, freeing up recourses is always good. Yet I fail to see this as a good solution. because in both of the above examples, the program has to wait for the response of the user. Whether this is inside a function, or just inline, in my opinion there is a program that wait for input. Resources I looked at I have looked at some recourses before I posted this question. They talk a lot about the theoretical concept, which is quite clear. Yet i fail to see some real-life examples where this is makes a huge difference. Stackoverflow: What is in simple words blocking IO and non-blocking IO? Blocking IO vs non-blocking IO; looking for good articles tidy code for asynchronous IO Other recources: Wikipedia: Asynchronous I/O Introduction to non-blocking I/O The C10K problem

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  • Visual C++ 2010 Winform Errors C2238, C2059, C1075.

    - by tracelez
    It errors when I try compile. I cut the code out of the program and the program works and complies correctly. Not sure why it doesn't like this. This part of the code does single digit math with numeric strings that are converted into a char arrays. ** Error 2 error C2238: unexpected token(s) preceding ';' C:\Users\Alpha\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Win32 Form c++\Win32 Form c++\Win32 Form c++.cpp 10 1 Win32 Form c++ ** Error 1 error C2059: syntax error : 'namespace' C:\Users\Alpha\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Win32 Form c++\Win32 Form c++\Win32 Form c++.cpp 10 1 Win32 Form c++ ** Error 3 error C1075: end of file found before the left brace '{' at 'c:\users\alpha\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\win32 form c++\win32 form c++\Form1.h(40)' was matched C:\Users\Alpha\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Win32 Form c++\Win32 Form c++\Win32 Form c++.cpp 23 1 Win32 Form c++ ////// ////// // chX[] and chY[] are char arrays from functional part of program std::reverse( chX, &chX[ strlen( chX ) ] ); std::reverse( chY, &chY[ strlen( chY ) ] ); // makes sure x is larger or equal to y...makes looping logic easier if (strlen(chX) < strlen(chY)) { char *chZ = chX; chX = chY; chY = chZ; } //Variables for this part of the program char chX2; char chY2; std::string strSum; int sum = 0; bool carryth1 = false; int x=0; int y=0; for (int i = 0; i <= (strlen(chX)-1); i++) { if (i <= strlen(chY)-1) { chX2= chX[i]; chY2= chY[i]; x = atoi(chX2); y = atoi(chY2); //x = atoi(chX[i]); sum = x+y+(int)carryth1; carryth1 = false; if (sum > 9) { if(i == 0) { sum -=10; strSum = itoa(sum); carryth1 = true; } else { sum -=10; strSum += itoa(sum); carryth1 = true; } } else { if(i == 0) { strSum = itoa(sum); } else { strSum += itoa(sum); } } else { y = 0; chX2= chX[i]; x = atoi(chX2); sum = x+y+(int)carryth1; if((i == strlen(chX)-1)&& (carryth1 == true) && (x == 9)) { strSum += "10"; } else { strSum = itoa(sum); } } std::reverse( strSum, &strSum[ strlen( strSum ) ] ); //Creates new string for txtDisplay this simplifies conversions String^ strDisplay = "X is " + gcnew String((strX1.c_str())) + " Y is " +gcnew String((strY1.c_str())) + " \r\n " ; strDisplay += "The sum of the X + Y = "; txtDisplay->Text = gcnew String((strSum.c_str())) ;

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  • EXC_BAD_ACCESS in CFAttributedStringSetAttribute and NSNumber?

    - by RichardR
    Hi all, I am getting an infuriating EXC_BAD_ACCESS error in an objective c app I am working on. Any help you could offer would be much appreciated. I have tried the normal debug methods for this error (turning on NSZombieEnabled, checking retain/release/autorelease to make sure I'm not trying to access a deallocated object, etc.) and it hasn't seemed to help. Basically, the error always occurs in this function: ` void op_TJ(CGPDFScannerRef scanner, void *info) { PDFPage *self = info; CGPDFArrayRef array; NSMutableString *tempString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:1]; NSMutableArray *kernArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:1]; if(!CGPDFScannerPopArray(scanner, &array)) { [kernArray release]; return; } for(size_t n = 0; n < CGPDFArrayGetCount(array); n += 2) { if(n >= CGPDFArrayGetCount(array)) continue; CGPDFStringRef pdfString; // if we get a PDF string if (CGPDFArrayGetString(array, n, &pdfString)) { //get the actual string const unsigned char *charstring = CGPDFStringGetBytePtr(pdfString); //add this string to our temp string [tempString appendString:[NSString stringWithCString:(const char*)charstring encoding:[self pageEncoding]]]; //NSLog(@"string: %@", tempString); //get the space after this string CGPDFReal r = 0; if (n+1 < CGPDFArrayGetCount(array)) { CGPDFArrayGetNumber(array, n+1, &r); // multiply by the font size CGFloat k = r; k = -k/1000 * self.tmatrix.a * self.fontSize; CGFloat kKern = self.kern * self.tmatrix.a; k = k + kKern; // add the location and kern to the array NSNumber *tempKern = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:k]; NSLog(@"tempKern address: %p", tempKern); [kernArray addObject:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:[tempString length] - 1], tempKern, nil]]; } } } // create an attribute string CFMutableAttributedStringRef attString = CFAttributedStringCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 10); CFAttributedStringReplaceString(attString, CFRangeMake(0, 0), (CFStringRef)tempString); //apply overall kerning NSNumber *tkern = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:self.kern * self.tmatrix.a * self.fontSize]; CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(attString, CFRangeMake(0, CFAttributedStringGetLength(attString)), kCTKernAttributeName, (CFNumberRef)tkern); //apply individual kern attributes for (NSArray *kernLoc in kernArray) { NSLog(@"kern location: %i, %i", [[kernLoc objectAtIndex:0] intValue],[[kernLoc objectAtIndex:1] floatValue]); CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(attString, CFRangeMake([[kernLoc objectAtIndex:0] intValue], 1), kCTKernAttributeName, (CFNumberRef)[kernLoc objectAtIndex:1]); } CFAttributedStringReplaceAttributedString([self cfAttString], CFRangeMake(CFAttributedStringGetLength([self cfAttString]), 0), attString); //release CFRelease(attString); [kernArray release]; } ` The program always crashes because of line CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(attString, CFRangeMake([[kernLoc objectAtIndex:0] intValue], 1), kCTKernAttributeName, (CFNumberRef)[kernLoc objectAtIndex:1]) And it seems to depend on a few things: if [kernLoc objectAtIndex:1] refers to an [NSNumber numberWithFloat:k] where k = 0 (in other words, if k = 0 above where I populate kernArray) then the program crashes almost immediately If I comment out the line k = k + kKern, it takes longer for the program to crash, but does eventually (why would the crash depend on this value?) If I change the length of CFRangeMake from 1 to 0, it takes a lot longer for the program to crash, but still eventually does. (I don't think I am trying to access beyond the bounds of attString, but am I missing something?) When it crashes, I get something similar to: #0 0x942c7ed7 in objc_msgSend () #1 0x00000013 in ?? () #2 0x0285b827 in CFAttributedStringSetAttribute () #3 0x0000568f in op_TJ (scanner=0x472a590, info=0x4a32320) at /Users/Richard/Desktop/AppTest/PDFHighlight 2/PDFScannerOperators.m:251 Any ideas? It seems like somewhere along the way I am overwriting memory or trying to access memory that has been changed, but I have no idea. If there's anymore information I can provide, please let me know. Thanks, Richard

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  • [python] voice communication for python help!

    - by Eric
    Hello! I'm currently trying to write a voicechat program in python. All tips/trick is welcome to do this. So far I found pyAudio to be a wrapper of PortAudio. So I played around with that and got an input stream from my microphone to be played back to my speakers. Only RAW of course. But I can't send RAW-data over the netowrk (due the size duh), so I'm looking for a way to encode it. And I searched around the 'net and stumbled over this speex-wrapper for python. It seems to good to be true, and believe me, it was. You see in pyAudio you can set the size of the chunks you want to take from your input audiobuffer, and in that sample code on the link, it's set to 320. Then when it's encoded, its like ~40 bytes of data per chunk, which is fairly acceptable I guess. And now for the problem. I start a sample program which just takes the input stream, encodes the chunks, decodes them and play them (not sending over the network due testing). If I just let my computer idle and run this program it works great, but as soon as I do something, i.e start Firefox or something, the audio input buffer gets all clogged up! It just grows and then it all crashes and gives me an overflow error on the buffer.. OK, so why am I just taking 320 bytes of the stream? I could just take like 1024 bytes or something and that will easy the pressure on the buffer. BUT. If I give speex 1024 bytes of data to encode/decode, it either crashes and says that thats too big for its buffer. OR it encodes/decodes it, but the sound is very noisy and "choppy" as if it only encoded a tiny bit of that 1024 chunk and the rest is static noise. So the sound sounds like a helicopter, lol. I did some research and it seems that speex only can convert 320 bytes of data at time, and well, 640 for wide-band. But that's the standard? How can I fix this problem? How should I construct my program to work with speex? I could use a middle-buffer tho that takes all available data to read from the buffer, then chunk this up in 320 bits and encode/decode them. But this takes a bit longer time and seems like a very bad solution of the problem.. Because as far as I know, there's no other encoder for python that encodes the audio so it can be sent over the network in acceptable small packages, or? I've been googling for three days now. Also there is this pyMedia library, I don't know if its good to convert to mp3/ogg for this kind of software. Thank in in advance for reading this, hope anyone can help me! (:

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  • Overflow exception while performing parallel factorization using the .NET Task Parallel Library (TPL

    - by Aviad P.
    Hello, I'm trying to write a not so smart factorization program and trying to do it in parallel using TPL. However, after about 15 minutes of running on a core 2 duo machine, I am getting an aggregate exception with an overflow exception inside it. All the entries in the stack trace are part of the .NET framework, the overflow does not come from my code. Any help would be appreciated in figuring out why this happens. Here's the commented code, hopefully it's simple enough to understand: class Program { static List<Tuple<BigInteger, int>> factors = new List<Tuple<BigInteger, int>>(); static void Main(string[] args) { BigInteger theNumber = BigInteger.Parse( "653872562986528347561038675107510176501827650178351386656875178" + "568165317809518359617865178659815012571026531984659218451608845" + "719856107834513527"); Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); bool isComposite = false; sw.Start(); do { /* Print out the number we are currently working on. */ Console.WriteLine(theNumber); /* Find a factor, stop when at least one is found (using the Any operator). */ isComposite = Range(theNumber) .AsParallel() .Any(x => CheckAndStoreFactor(theNumber, x)); /* Of the factors found, take the one with the lowest base. */ var factor = factors.OrderBy(x => x.Item1).First(); Console.WriteLine(factor); /* Divide the number by the factor. */ theNumber = BigInteger.Divide( theNumber, BigInteger.Pow(factor.Item1, factor.Item2)); /* Clear the discovered factors cache, and keep looking. */ factors.Clear(); } while (isComposite); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(isComposite + " " + sw.Elapsed); } static IEnumerable<BigInteger> Range(BigInteger squareOfTarget) { BigInteger two = BigInteger.Parse("2"); BigInteger element = BigInteger.Parse("3"); while (element * element < squareOfTarget) { yield return element; element = BigInteger.Add(element, two); } } static bool CheckAndStoreFactor(BigInteger candidate, BigInteger factor) { BigInteger remainder, dividend = candidate; int exponent = 0; do { dividend = BigInteger.DivRem(dividend, factor, out remainder); if (remainder.IsZero) { exponent++; } } while (remainder.IsZero); if (exponent > 0) { lock (factors) { factors.Add(Tuple.Create(factor, exponent)); } } return exponent > 0; } } Here's the exception thrown: Unhandled Exception: System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. --- > System.OverflowException: Arithmetic operation resulted in an overflow. at System.Linq.Parallel.PartitionedDataSource`1.ContiguousChunkLazyEnumerator.MoveNext(T& currentElement, Int32& currentKey) at System.Linq.Parallel.AnyAllSearchOperator`1.AnyAllSearchOperatorEnumerator`1.MoveNext(Boolean& currentElement, Int32& currentKey) at System.Linq.Parallel.StopAndGoSpoolingTask`2.SpoolingWork() at System.Linq.Parallel.SpoolingTaskBase.Work() at System.Linq.Parallel.QueryTask.BaseWork(Object unused) at System.Linq.Parallel.QueryTask.<.cctor>b__0(Object o) at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InnerInvoke() at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Execute() --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Linq.Parallel.QueryTaskGroupState.QueryEnd(Boolean userInitiatedDispose) at System.Linq.Parallel.SpoolingTask.SpoolStopAndGo[TInputOutput,TIgnoreKey](QueryTaskGroupState groupState, PartitionedStream`2 partitions, SynchronousChannel`1[] channels, TaskScheduler taskScheduler) at System.Linq.Parallel.DefaultMergeHelper`2.System.Linq.Parallel.IMergeHelper<TInputOutput>.Execute() at System.Linq.Parallel.MergeExecutor`1.Execute[TKey](PartitionedStream`2 partitions, Boolean ignoreOutput, ParallelMergeOptions options, TaskScheduler taskScheduler, Boolean isOrdered, CancellationState cancellationState, Int32 queryId) at System.Linq.Parallel.PartitionedStreamMerger`1.Receive[TKey](PartitionedStream`2 partitionedStream) at System.Linq.Parallel.AnyAllSearchOperator`1.WrapPartitionedStream[TKey](PartitionedStream`2 inputStream, IPartitionedStreamRecipient`1 recipient, BooleanpreferStriping, QuerySettings settings) at System.Linq.Parallel.UnaryQueryOperator`2.UnaryQueryOperatorResults.ChildResultsRecipient.Receive[TKey](PartitionedStream`2 inputStream) at System.Linq.Parallel.ScanQueryOperator`1.ScanEnumerableQueryOperatorResults.GivePartitionedStream(IPartitionedStreamRecipient`1 recipient) at System.Linq.Parallel.UnaryQueryOperator`2.UnaryQueryOperatorResults.GivePartitionedStream(IPartitionedStreamRecipient`1 recipient) at System.Linq.Parallel.QueryOperator`1.GetOpenedEnumerator(Nullable`1 mergeOptions, Boolean suppressOrder, Boolean forEffect, QuerySettings querySettings) at System.Linq.Parallel.QueryOpeningEnumerator`1.OpenQuery() at System.Linq.Parallel.QueryOpeningEnumerator`1.MoveNext() at System.Linq.Parallel.AnyAllSearchOperator`1.Aggregate() at System.Linq.ParallelEnumerable.Any[TSource](ParallelQuery`1 source, Func`2 predicate) at PFact.Program.Main(String[] args) in d:\myprojects\PFact\PFact\Program.cs:line 34 Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • WCF and Firewalls

    - by Amitd
    Hi guys, As a part of learning WCF, I was trying to use a simple WCF client-server code . http://weblogs.asp.net/ralfw/archive/2007/04/14/a-truely-simple-example-to-get-started-with-wcf.aspx but I'm facing strange issues.I was trying out the following. Client(My) IP address is : 192.168.2.5 (internal behind firewall) Server IP address is : 192.168.50.30 port : 9050 (internal behind firewall) Servers LIVE/External IP (on internet ) : 121.225.xx.xx (accessible from internet) When I specify the above I.P address of server(192.168.50.30), the client connects successfully and can call servers methods. Now suppose if I want to give my friend (outside network/on internet) the client with server's live I.P, i get an ENDPOINTNOTFOUND exceptions. Surprisingly if I run the above client specifying LIVE IP(121.225.xx.xx) of server i also get the same exception. I tried to debug the problem but haven't found anything. Is it a problem with the company firewall not forwarding my request? or is it a problem with the server or client . Is something needed to be added to the server/client to overcome the same problem? Or are there any settings on the firewall that need to be changed like port forwarding? (our network admin has configured the port to be accessible from the internet.) is it a authentication issue? Code is available at . http://www.ralfw.de/weblog/wcfsimple.txt http://weblogs.asp.net/ralfw/archive/2007/04/14/a-truely-simple-example-to-get-started-with-wcf.aspx i have just separated the client and server part in separate assemblies.rest is same. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.ServiceModel; namespace WCFSimple.Contract { [ServiceContract] public interface IService { [OperationContract] string Ping(string name); } } namespace WCFSimple.Server { [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall)] class ServiceImplementation : WCFSimple.Contract.IService { #region IService Members public string Ping(string name) { Console.WriteLine("SERVER - Processing Ping('{0}')", name); return "Hello, " + name; } #endregion } public class Program { private static System.Threading.AutoResetEvent stopFlag = new System.Threading.AutoResetEvent(false); public static void Main() { ServiceHost svh = new ServiceHost(typeof(ServiceImplementation)); svh.AddServiceEndpoint( typeof(WCFSimple.Contract.IService), new NetTcpBinding(), "net.tcp://localhost:8000"); svh.Open(); Console.WriteLine("SERVER - Running..."); stopFlag.WaitOne(); Console.WriteLine("SERVER - Shutting down..."); svh.Close(); Console.WriteLine("SERVER - Shut down!"); } public static void Stop() { stopFlag.Set(); } } } namespace WCFSimple { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("WCF Simple Demo"); // start server System.Threading.Thread thServer = new System.Threading.Thread(WCFSimple.Server.Program.Main); thServer.IsBackground = true; thServer.Start(); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); // wait for server to start up // run client ChannelFactory<WCFSimple.Contract.IService> scf; scf = new ChannelFactory<WCFSimple.Contract.IService>( new NetTcpBinding(), "net.tcp://localhost:8000"); WCFSimple.Contract.IService s; s = scf.CreateChannel(); while (true) { Console.Write("CLIENT - Name: "); string name = Console.ReadLine(); if (name == "") break; string response = s.Ping(name); Console.WriteLine("CLIENT - Response from service: " + response); } (s as ICommunicationObject).Close(); // shutdown server WCFSimple.Server.Program.Stop(); thServer.Join(); } } } Any help?

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  • Python - help on custom wx.Python (pyDev) class

    - by Wallter
    I have been hitting a dead end with this program. I am trying to build a class that will let me control the BIP's of a button when it is in use. so far this is what i have (see following.) It keeps running this weird error TypeError: 'module' object is not callable - I, coming from C++ and C# (for some reason the #include... is so much easier) , have no idea what that means, Google is of no help so... I know I need some real help with sintax and such - anything woudl be helpful. Note: The base code found here was used to create a skeleton for this 'custom button class' Custom Button import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): # The BMP's # AM I DOING THIS RIGHT? - I am trying to get empty 'global' # variables within the class Mouse_over_bmp = None #wxEmptyBitmap(1,1,1) # When the mouse is over Norm_bmp = None #wxEmptyBitmap(1,1,1) # The normal BMP Push_bmp = None #wxEmptyBitmap(1,1,1) # The down BMP Pos_bmp = wx.Point(0,0) # The posisition of the button def __init__(self, parent, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, pos, size, text="", id=-1, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) # The conversions, hereafter, were to solve another but. I don't know if it is # necessary to do this since the source being given to the class (in this case) # is a BMP - is there a better way to prevent an error that i have not # stumbled accost? # Set the BMP's to the ones given in the constructor self.Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(wx.Image(MOUSE_OVER_BMP, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY).ConvertToBitmap()) self.Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(wx.Image(NORM_BMP, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY).ConvertToBitmap()) self.Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(wx.Image(PUSH_BMP, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY).ConvertToBitmap()) self.Pos_bmp = self.pos self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self._mouseIn = self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def _onPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Mouse_over_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Push_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) Main.py import wx import Custom_Button from wxPython.wx import * ID_ABOUT = 101 ID_EXIT = 102 class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Program testing custom button overlays") menu = wxMenu() menu.Append(ID_ABOUT, "&About", "More information about this program") menu.AppendSeparator() menu.Append(ID_EXIT, "E&xit", "Terminate the program") menuBar = wxMenuBar() menuBar.Append(menu, "&File"); self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.Button1 = Custom_Button(self, parent, -1, "D:/Documents/Python/Normal.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Clicked.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Over.bmp", wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100)) EVT_MENU(self, ID_ABOUT, self.OnAbout) EVT_MENU(self, ID_EXIT, self.TimeToQuit) def OnAbout(self, event): dlg = wxMessageDialog(self, "Testing the functions of custom " "buttons using pyDev and wxPython", "About", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION) dlg.ShowModal() dlg.Destroy() def TimeToQuit(self, event): self.Close(true) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") frame.Show(true) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return true app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() Errors (and traceback) /home/wallter/python/Custom Button overlay/src/Custom_Button.py:8: DeprecationWarning: The wxPython compatibility package is no longer automatically generated or actively maintained. Please switch to the wx package as soon as possible. I have never been able to get this to go away whenever using wxPython any help? from wxPython.wx import * Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/wallter/python/Custom Button overlay/src/Main.py", line 57, in <module> app = MyApp(0) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode/wx/_core.py", line 7978, in __init__ self._BootstrapApp() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode/wx/_core.py", line 7552, in _BootstrapApp return _core_.PyApp__BootstrapApp(*args, **kwargs) File "/home/wallter/python/Custom Button overlay/src/Main.py", line 52, in OnInit frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") File "/home/wallter/python/Custom Button overlay/src/Main.py", line 32, in __init__ wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100)) TypeError: 'module' object is not callable I have tried removing the "wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100))" just to have the error move up to the line above. Have I declared it right? help?

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  • JFrame not working correctly

    - by Nick Gibson
    This is making me very angry, I have worked on this for 2 days, have 2 books open and have looked through them, and STILL can't get this program to run the way I want it run. I'm getting to the point where if this doesn't help, I quit. I want a SIMPLE Frame application. It has a JComboBox centered at the top. Next to it is a text field big enough to show numeric digits such as "$49.99" Below it is a spot for a Text area showing terms of service Below that is the checkbox agreeing to the terms of service Below that is 2 buttons "Accept" and "Decline" I Have worked on this for 2 days, here is the coding: public class Bar extends JFrame implements ActionListener { public Bar(final JFrame frame) { String[] tests = { "A+ Certification", "Network+ Certification", "Security+ Certification", "CIT Full Test Package" }; JButton button = new JButton("Click Meh"); add(new JLabel("Welcome to the CIT Test Program ")); add(new JLabel("Please select which Test Package from the list below.")); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setSize(250,250); JPanel pane1 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); JPanel pane2 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File"); JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit"); JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); menuBar.add(fileMenu); menuBar.add(editMenu); menuBar.add(helpMenu); JMenuItem newMenu = new JMenuItem("New (Ctrl+N)"); JMenuItem openMenu = new JMenuItem("Open (Ctrl+O)"); JMenuItem saveMenu = new JMenuItem("Save (Ctrl+S)"); saveMenu.addActionListener(this); JMenuItem exitMenu = new JMenuItem("Exit (Ctrl+W)"); JMenuItem cutMenu = new JMenuItem("Cut (Ctrl+X)"); JMenuItem copyMenu = new JMenuItem("Copy (Ctrl+C)"); JMenuItem pasteMenu = new JMenuItem("Paste (Ctrl+V)"); JMenuItem infoMenu = new JMenuItem("Help (Ctrl+H)"); fileMenu.add(newMenu); fileMenu.add(openMenu); fileMenu.add(saveMenu); fileMenu.add(exitMenu); editMenu.add(cutMenu); editMenu.add(copyMenu); editMenu.add(pasteMenu); helpMenu.add(infoMenu); frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar); JComboBox packageChoice = new JComboBox(tests); frame.add(packageChoice); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Object source = e.getSource(); { } } EDIT: Forgot to add the second program public class JFrameWithPanel { public static void main(String[] args) { JPanel panel = new Bar(new JFrame("CIT Test Program")); } } How do I get this to have everything where I want it and show up? I'm very confused because of this and now barely even get how Frames work.

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  • Getting timing consistency in Linux

    - by Jim Hunziker
    I can't seem to get a simple program (with lots of memory access) to achieve consistent timing in Linux. I'm using a 2.6 kernel, and the program is being run on a dual-core processor with realtime priority. I'm trying to disable cache effects by declaring the memory arrays as volatile. Below are the results and the program. What are some possible sources of the outliers? Results: Number of trials: 100 Range: 0.021732s to 0.085596s Average Time: 0.058094s Standard Deviation: 0.006944s Extreme Outliers (2 SDs away from mean): 7 Average Time, excluding extreme outliers: 0.059273s Program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <sched.h> #include <sys/time.h> #define NUM_POINTS 5000000 #define REPS 100 unsigned long long getTimestamp() { unsigned long long usecCount; struct timeval timeVal; gettimeofday(&timeVal, 0); usecCount = timeVal.tv_sec * (unsigned long long) 1000000; usecCount += timeVal.tv_usec; return (usecCount); } double convertTimestampToSecs(unsigned long long timestamp) { return (timestamp / (double) 1000000); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { unsigned long long start, stop; double times[REPS]; double sum = 0; double scale, avg, newavg, median; double stddev = 0; double maxval = -1.0, minval = 1000000.0; int i, j, freq, count; int outliers = 0; struct sched_param sparam; sched_getparam(getpid(), &sparam); sparam.sched_priority = sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_FIFO); sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &sparam); volatile float* data; volatile float* results; data = calloc(NUM_POINTS, sizeof(float)); results = calloc(NUM_POINTS, sizeof(float)); for (i = 0; i < REPS; ++i) { start = getTimestamp(); for (j = 0; j < NUM_POINTS; ++j) { results[j] = data[j]; } stop = getTimestamp(); times[i] = convertTimestampToSecs(stop-start); } free(data); free(results); for (i = 0; i < REPS; i++) { sum += times[i]; if (times[i] > maxval) maxval = times[i]; if (times[i] < minval) minval = times[i]; } avg = sum/REPS; for (i = 0; i < REPS; i++) stddev += (times[i] - avg)*(times[i] - avg); stddev /= REPS; stddev = sqrt(stddev); for (i = 0; i < REPS; i++) { if (times[i] > avg + 2*stddev || times[i] < avg - 2*stddev) { sum -= times[i]; outliers++; } } newavg = sum/(REPS-outliers); printf("Number of trials: %d\n", REPS); printf("Range: %fs to %fs\n", minval, maxval); printf("Average Time: %fs\n", avg); printf("Standard Deviation: %fs\n", stddev); printf("Extreme Outliers (2 SDs away from mean): %d\n", outliers); printf("Average Time, excluding extreme outliers: %fs\n", newavg); return 0; }

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  • Optimizing Python code with many attribute and dictionary lookups

    - by gotgenes
    I have written a program in Python which spends a large amount of time looking up attributes of objects and values from dictionary keys. I would like to know if there's any way I can optimize these lookup times, potentially with a C extension, to reduce the time of execution, or if I need to simply re-implement the program in a compiled language. The program implements some algorithms using a graph. It runs prohibitively slowly on our data sets, so I profiled the code with cProfile using a reduced data set that could actually complete. The vast majority of the time is being burned in one function, and specifically in two statements, generator expressions, within the function: The generator expression at line 202 is neighbors_in_selected_nodes = (neighbor for neighbor in node_neighbors if neighbor in selected_nodes) and the generator expression at line 204 is neighbor_z_scores = (interaction_graph.node[neighbor]['weight'] for neighbor in neighbors_in_selected_nodes) The source code for this function of context provided below. selected_nodes is a set of nodes in the interaction_graph, which is a NetworkX Graph instance. node_neighbors is an iterator from Graph.neighbors_iter(). Graph itself uses dictionaries for storing nodes and edges. Its Graph.node attribute is a dictionary which stores nodes and their attributes (e.g., 'weight') in dictionaries belonging to each node. Each of these lookups should be amortized constant time (i.e., O(1)), however, I am still paying a large penalty for the lookups. Is there some way which I can speed up these lookups (e.g., by writing parts of this as a C extension), or do I need to move the program to a compiled language? Below is the full source code for the function that provides the context; the vast majority of execution time is spent within this function. def calculate_node_z_prime( node, interaction_graph, selected_nodes ): """Calculates a z'-score for a given node. The z'-score is based on the z-scores (weights) of the neighbors of the given node, and proportional to the z-score (weight) of the given node. Specifically, we find the maximum z-score of all neighbors of the given node that are also members of the given set of selected nodes, multiply this z-score by the z-score of the given node, and return this value as the z'-score for the given node. If the given node has no neighbors in the interaction graph, the z'-score is defined as zero. Returns the z'-score as zero or a positive floating point value. :Parameters: - `node`: the node for which to compute the z-prime score - `interaction_graph`: graph containing the gene-gene or gene product-gene product interactions - `selected_nodes`: a `set` of nodes fitting some criterion of interest (e.g., annotated with a term of interest) """ node_neighbors = interaction_graph.neighbors_iter(node) neighbors_in_selected_nodes = (neighbor for neighbor in node_neighbors if neighbor in selected_nodes) neighbor_z_scores = (interaction_graph.node[neighbor]['weight'] for neighbor in neighbors_in_selected_nodes) try: max_z_score = max(neighbor_z_scores) # max() throws a ValueError if its argument has no elements; in this # case, we need to set the max_z_score to zero except ValueError, e: # Check to make certain max() raised this error if 'max()' in e.args[0]: max_z_score = 0 else: raise e z_prime = interaction_graph.node[node]['weight'] * max_z_score return z_prime Here are the top couple of calls according to cProfiler, sorted by time. ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 156067701 352.313 0.000 642.072 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:204(<genexpr>) 156067701 289.759 0.000 289.759 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:202(<genexpr>) 13963893 174.047 0.000 816.119 0.000 {max} 13963885 69.804 0.000 936.754 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:171(calculate_node_z_prime) 7116883 61.982 0.000 61.982 0.000 {method 'update' of 'set' objects}

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