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  • Is the web still 100% Stateless?

    - by coffeeaddict
    Is the web sill 100% stateless? Before you start to say "of course it is, wtf" listen to what I'm saying here. I'm starting to wonder about this because web servers are definitely caching things, keeping connections open in connection pools, etc. So you can't really stay it's 100% stateless anymore. Am I right on this?

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  • Eclipse/Aptana Subprojects

    - by TPorteus
    I've been using a eclipse with the aptana plugin and have all my projects neatly defined. However one project is a main corporate website lets say http://sun.com and it's set up nicely for FTP transfers. However i was wondering if there was a way to define directories of that as subprojects or projects in there own right without messing up the file transfer stuff. Any ideas?

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  • JavaScript: String Concatenation slow performance? Array.join('')?

    - by NickNick
    I've read that if I have a for loop, I should not use string concation because it's slow. Such as: for (i=0;i<10000000;i++) { str += 'a'; } And instead, I should use Array.join(), since it's much faster: var tmp = []; for (i=0;i<10000000;i++) { tmp.push('a'); } var str = tmp.join(''); However, I have also read that string concatention is ONLY a problem for Internet Explorer and that browsers such as Safari/Chrome, which use Webkit, actually perform FASTER is using string concatention than Array.join(). I've attempting to find a performance comparison between all major browser of string concatenation vs Array.join() and haven't been able to find one. As such, what is faster and more efficient JavaScript code? Using string concatenation or Array.join()?

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  • Mathematics and Game Programming

    - by Xfcn
    I want to program graphical 2D games more complex than the basic 2D stuff I already know. I don't want to do 3D programming. Just more complex 2D stuff. I dropped high school before I could learn a lot of stuff so I walked away with enough algebra knowledge to balance my checkbook and do some light 2D Cartesian programming. Are there any good resources out there for a guy with a limited attention span (say 20 minutes apiece for a subject I'm keenly interested in) to learn, gradually, how to do something more useful with math in programming?

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  • how to make a script for esxi vms rebooting process.

    - by user116374
    I'm Using ESXi 5.0 And I have created a lab for metasploit. one time my system exploited, so i have to restart my vms. so it's too much Headache. i have to execute lots of exploit. so i don't want to do the same restart process again and again. so maybe it is possible through the script. so again im stuck. I don't know how to write a script for this process. PLEASE tell me how to write a script for AUTOMATION restart process in 10 20 minute. And how to execute that script. Please Share your knowledge if you know. this script thing is very very useful for me. And also tell me any other way if you know. Ty. Alen.

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  • How to safely remove a device blocked by the System process with a handle on \$Extend\$RmMetadata\$Txf

    - by Heinzi
    I have an external HDD which I would like to "safely remove". Unfortunately, my system (Windows 7 x64) complains that "the device is currently in use". Using Process Explorer I discovered which process is holding a handle on the device: Obviously, System is not a process that I can just kill and be done with it. I've done a bit of research and this seems to be a common problem, but no solution has been found so far (except for rebooting the machine, which I'd like to avoid if possible). Is there any solution to this problem that I've missed?

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  • Can I send some text to the STDIN of an active process running in a screen session?

    - by Richard Gaywood
    I have a long-running server process inside a screen session on my Linux server. It's a bit unstable (and sadly not my software so I can't fix that!), so I want to script a nightly restart of the process to help stability. The only way to make it do a graceful shutdown is to go to the screen process, switch to the window it's running in, and enter the string "stop" on its control console. Are there any smart redirection contortions I can do to make a cronjob send that stop command at a fixed time every day?

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  • How do I silence strace's message "[ Process PID=15733 runs in 64 bit mode. ]" ?

    - by Ross Rogers
    I'm using memoize.py, but strace keeps injecting the following into the program output each time a process is executed: [ Process PID=15733 runs in 64 bit mode. ] or [ Process PID=16503 runs in 32 bit mode. ] How can I silence strace such that it doesn't inject these statements into the log file? At the very least, I'd like these statements to only go into the output file that memoize.py is instructing strace to use. It's already telling strace to put its output into a specific file ithrough arguments -o /tmp/OUTFILE. Note that strace is being called with the -f parameter to follow child processes.

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  • Is an eee-pc with an Atom N550 dual core OK for Rails 3 development?

    - by dan
    I'm buying an Asus eee-pc 1015PEM and hope to do test-driven Rails 3 development on it. Is the CPU fast enough or too painfully slow for this? I plan on installing Ubuntu. I currently develop on a 11 inch Macbook Air 2010 model. It works fine as a Rails development machine. But for some reason I'm drawn to developing on a cheap little netbook. I don't use any IDE's, and my development workflow is mostly switching between Vim, Gnu Screen, and bash.

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  • Very high memory usage, but not claimed by any process?

    - by SharkWipf
    While stress-testing LVM on one of our Debian servers, I came across this issue where memory would fill up a lot to the point where it would run the server out of memory, but no process would claim the memory. See http://i.imgur.com/cLn5ZHS.png, and see http://serverfault.com/a/449102/125894 for an explanation on the colors used in htop. Why is this happening? And is there any way to see what process is using the memory? Htop is configured not to hide any processes, so what is it that htop is missing? In this particular case, I can fairly certainly say that it is caused, directly or indirectly, by lvmcreate, lvmremove or dmsetup, as I was stress-testing that. Do note that this question is not about solving the LVM problem, but about why the memory isn't claimed by any process. Stopping all LVM commands does bring the memory back down to <600MB.

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  • If I double my ram on a x86 processor, does that double the ram I can use for each individual process?

    - by Derek Reitz
    I don't understand how 32-Bit OS's use RAM on a per process basis. I've read the max RAM my x86 processor running a 32-bit OS can use is 2^32 = 4gb; but that's just for one process, right? 3DS Max keeps crashing, but it typically can never use more than 2GB of RAM before it crashes, if I increase my RAM from 4-8GB, would that double how much RAM I can use for each individual process or actually cause no change in my performance? Also would increasing my VRAM and getting a better graphics card increase the extent to which individual programs can preform? Lastly, is there any way to upgrade a 86-bit processor to be able to run a 64-bit OS? I feel like it would be ridiculous to sell modern processors that are capped at 4GB of RAM? Thanks. Quad-Core Intel i7 Q 720 @ 1.6GHz

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  • What's the difference between instance and server process in Oracle database.

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi folks: I'm now getting familiar with Oracle database. Unfortunately, I'm puzzled by the concept instance and server process. My question is what's the difference between instance and server process. What's more, what's the life cycle of instance and server process respectively? My textbook at hand is about Oracle 9i, which doesn't give me a clear explanation. Any reply will be appreciated. Thanks in advance. Kind regards!

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  • Killing Stuck Child JVM's

    - by ACShorten
    Note: This facility only applies to Oracle Utilities Application Framework products using COBOL. In some situations, the Child JVM's may spin. This causes multiple startup/shutdown Child JVM messages to be displayed and recursive child JVM's to be initiated and shunned. If the following: Unable to establish connection on port …. after waiting .. seconds.The issue can be caused intermittently by CPU spins in connection to the creation of new processes, specifically Child JVMs. Recursive (or double) invocation of the System.exit call in the remote JVM may be caused by a Process.destroy call that the parent JVM always issues when shunning a JVM. The issue may happen when the thread in the parent JVM that is responsible for the recycling gets stuck and it affects all child JVMs. If this issue occurs at your site then there are a number of options to address the issue: Configure an Operating System level kill command to force the Child JVM to be shunned when it becomes stuck. Configure a Process.destroy command to be used if the kill command is not configured or desired. Specify a time tolerance to detect stuck threads before issuing the Process.destroy or kill commands. Note: This facility is also used when the Parent JVM is also shutdown to ensure no zombie Child JVM's exit. The following additional settings must be added to the spl.properties for the Business Application Server to use this facility: spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command – Specify the command to kill the Child JVM process. This can be a command or specify a script to execute to provide additional information. The kill.command property can accept two arguments, {pid} and {jvmNumber}, in the specified string. The arguments must be enclosed in curly braces as shown here. Note: The PID will be appended to the killcmd string, unless the {pid} and {jvmNumber} arguments are specified. The jvmNumber can be useful if passed to a script for logging purposes. Note: If a script is used it must be in the path and be executable by the OS user running the system. spl.runtime.cobol.remote.destroy.enabled – Specify whether to use the Process.destroy command instead of the kill command. Specify true or false. Default value is false. Note: Unless otherwise required, it is recommended to use the kill command option if shunning JVM's is an issue. There this value can remain its default value, false, unless otherwise required. spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.delaysecs – Specify the number of seconds to wait for the Child JVM to terminate naturally before issuing the Process.destroy or kill commands. Default is 10 seconds. For example: spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command=kill -9 {pid} {jvmNumber}spl.runtime.cobol.remote.destroy.enabled=falsespl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.delaysecs=10 When a Child JVM is to be recycled, these properties are inspected and the spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command, executed if provided. This is done after waiting for spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.delaysecs seconds to give the JVM time to shut itself down. The spl.runtime.cobol.remote.destroy.enabled property must be set to true AND the spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command omitted for the original Process.destroy command to be used on the process. Note: By default the spl.runtime.cobol.remote.destroy enabled is set to false and is therefore disabled. If neither spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command nor spl.runtime.cobol.remote.destroy.enabled is specified, child JVMs will not beforcibly killed. They will be left to shut themselves down (which may lead to orphan JVMs). If both are specified, the spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command is preferred and spl.runtime.cobol.remote.destroy.enabled defaulted to false.It is recommended to invoke a script to issue the direct kill command instead of directly using the kill -9 commands.For example, the following sample script ensures that the process Id is an active cobjrun process before issuing the kill command: forcequit.sh #!/bin/shTHETIME=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`if [ "$1" = "" ]then  echo "$THETIME: Process Id is required" >>$SPLSYSTEMLOGS/forcequit.log  exit 1fijavaexec=cobjrunps e $1 | grep -c $javaexecif [ $? = 0 ]then  echo "$THETIME: Process $1 is an active $javaexec process -- issuing kill-9 $1" >>$SPLSYSTEMLOGS/forcequit.log  kill -9 $1exit 0else  echo "$THETIME: Process id $1 is not a $javaexec process or not active --  kill will not be issued" >>$SPLSYSTEMLOGS/forcequit.logexit 1fi This script's name would then be specified as the value for the spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command property, for example: spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command=forcequit.sh The forcequit script does not have any explicit parameters but pid is passed automatically. To use the jvmNumber parameter it must explicitly specified in the command. For example, to call script forcequit.sh and pass it the pid and the child JVM number, specify it as follows: spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command=forcequit.sh {pid} {jvmNumber} The script can then use the JVM number for logging purposes or to further ensure that the correct pid is being killed.If the arguments are omitted, the pid is automatically appended to the spl.runtime.cobol.remote.kill.command string. To use this facility the following patches must be installed: Patch 13719584 for Oracle Utilities Application Framework V2.1, Patches 13684595 and 13634933 for Oracle Utilities Application Framework V2.2 Group Fix 4 (as Patch 13640668) for Oracle Utilities Application Framework V4.1.

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  • As a person getting into mobile development, what's the best mobile platform in terms of profitability? [closed]

    - by Kyle Loman
    I realize this question can range very far so would love to hear any and all opinions on this. However, I'll be honest and say that I have been thinking of this in terms of most profitable. I know how this may sound either way but this is one of my main sticking points. I realize that I'm not guaranteed a single cent and success is never guaranteed but I'm going into this with the thought of making something out of it both financially and also for my own interest. I know that iOS gets a lot of attention on this front but Android commands a lot more market share. However, I know there are drawbacks to Android too, whether it's in the actual development process and programming (though I've heard conflicting reports on this, such as how easy/difficult it is for to address screen res in different devices) or the app ecosystem being flooded. But iOS's app ecosystem has been described as too saturated and harder to compete in for that reason. Since Windows Phone has fewer apps than both of those two, that might be the best place to start in order to be closer to the ground floor of the store and be noticed more? Less saturation = better chances of sales or differentiating? Something like the gold rush during the first years of the iOS App Store (not exactly but at least in concept)? Would it be that despite fewer users on the platform, there's more exposure due to less competition so that may translate to better success at sales? Plus, I know MS is in it for the long haul so I'm not too fearful of something like WebOS going away. Obviously RIM isn't very popular nowadays but I read a recent article that says Blackberry actually has the apps that make the most money, any thoughts on that: http://gigaom.com/mobile/which-mobile-oss-apps-make-most-money-surprise-its-blackberry/ Again, this is all I've heard or known about so if there's anything to add or correct here, please do. In addition, this has actually affected my next personal phone upgrade. I'm eligible for a carrier discount now and I've had my eye on the iPhone 5. However, the Lumia 920 is the one I'm holding out for and I'm open to trying an Android but I'm not sure I can wait that long for any new Nexus or even the Razr HD. Even the new Lumia in November is making me antsy, I'm so close to just getting an iPhone 5. But when I say this has affected my phone choice, I'd want to be able to carry the apps I write with me so that I'm able to pull my phone out to show people without having to carry around a second device to do so. So that's why I'd like to make my personal phone match the main platform I'm developing for. Of course, I will likely expand to other platforms if I gain any decent success but the one I target now would serve well as my personal phone I carry around so that I can use it as a marketing tool, in a sense, showing people my apps if the opportunity presents itself. So what's the best mobile platform to choose, and especially in regards to most lucrative? As said previously, this would influence my personal phone choice greatly. Thanks in advance and I hope this isn't taken the wrong way - I understand there are trade-offs and other factors that may balance this out but making some revenue is key among that. For some background, I have done software development and know programming language concepts so I'm not entirely new to it and I do get the notion of being familiar with these things so that I can translate this skill among a variety of languages but I'm currently just having difficulty choosing my first main mobile platform based on the criteria I've outlined above.

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  • On a BPM Mission with Process Accelerators. Part 1: BPM as an ATV

    - by Cesare Rotundo
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Part 1: BPM as an ATV It’s always exciting to talk to customers that are in the middle of a BPM transformational journey. Their thirst for new processes to improve with BPM makes them explorers in a landscape of opportunities. They have discovered that with BPM the can “go places” they couldn’t reach before. In a way, learning how to generate value with BPM is like adopting a new mean of transportation. Apps are like regular cars: very efficient, but to be used on paved roads: the road/process has been traced, and there are fixed paths to follow to get from “opportunity to quote” or from “quote to cash”. Getting off the road is risky, and laying down new asphalt is slow and expensive. Custom development is like running: you can go virtually anywhere, following any path you like, yet it’s slow, and a lot of sweat. BPM allows you to go “off the beaten path” laid out by packaged apps, yet make fast progress compared to custom development. BPM is therefore more like an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV): less efficient than a car, but much faster than running, with a powerful enough engine that can get you places. The similarities between BPM and ATVs don’t stop here: you must learn to ride it even if you already know how to drive a car; you can reach places but figuring out the path to your destination is harder. Ultimately, with BPM as with an ATV, you reach places that you thought you could never reach, and you discover new destinations that provide great benefit to you … and that you didn’t even know existed! That’s where the sense of accomplishment that we heard from our BPM customers comes from, as well as the desire to share their experience, or even, as in the case of a County, the willingness to contribute their BPM solutions to help other agencies that face the same challenges. The question we wanted to answer is how can we teach organizations to drive ATV/BPM, thus leading them to deeper success with BPM, while increasing their awareness of the potential for reaching new targets, and finally equip them with the right tools. Like with ATVs, getting from point A to point B is more of a work of art than cruising on the highway by car. There is a lot we can do: after all many sought after destinations are common: someone else has been on the same path before. If only you could learn from their experience …

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  • Failed upgrade of PHP on Ubunutu 12.04, error: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

    - by DanielAttard
    I just tried to upgrade my version of PHP on Ubuntu 12.04 and now I have messed it up. First I did this: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5-oldstable Then I did this: sudo apt-get update Then finally I did this: sudo apt-get install php5 And now I am getting an error message about Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) What have I done wrong? How can I fix this problem? Thanks. Here are the errors received: Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.4.28-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1) ... debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable dpkg: error processing libapache2-mod-php5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Setting up php5-cli (5.4.28-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1) ... debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable dpkg: error processing php5-cli (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of php5-curl: php5-curl depends on phpapi-20100525+lfs; however: Package phpapi-20100525+lfs is not installed. Package libapache2-mod-php5 which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. Package php5-cli which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing php5-curl (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of php5-gd: php5-gd depends on phpapi-20100525+lfs; however: Package phpapi-20100525+lfs is not installed. Package libapache2-mod-php5 which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. Package php5-cli which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing php5-gd (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of php5-mcrypt: php5-mcrypt depends on phpapi-20100525+lfs; however: Package phpapi-20100525+lfs is not installed. Package libapache2-mod-php5 which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. Package php5-cli which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing php5-mcrypt (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of php5-mysql: php5-mysql depends on phpapi-20100525+lfs; however: Package phpapi-20100525+lfs is not installed. Package libapache2-mod-php5 which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. Package php5-cli which provides phpapi-20100525+lfs is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing php5-mysql (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of php5: php5 depends on libapache2-mod-php5 (>= 5.4.28-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1) | libapache2-mod-php5filter (>= 5.4.28-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1) | php5-cgi (>= 5.4.28-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1) | php5-fpm (>= 5.4.28-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1); however: Package libapache2-mod-php5 is not configured yet. Package libapache2-mod-php5filter is not installed. Package php5-cgi is not installed. Package php5-fpm is not installed. dpkg: error processing php5 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: libapache2-mod-php5 php5-cli php5-curl php5-gd php5-mcrypt php5-mysql php5 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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  • SQL Server source control from Visual Studio

    - by David Atkinson
    Developers have long since had to context switch between two IDEs, Visual Studio for application code development and SQL Server Management Studio for database development. While this is accepted, especially given the richness of the database development feature set in SSMS, loading a separate tool can seem a little overkill. This is where SQL Connect comes in. This is an add-in to Visual Studio that provides a connected development experience for the SQL Server developer. Connected database development involves modifying a development sandbox database, as opposed to offline development, where SQL text files are modified independently of the database. One of the main complaints of Data Dude (VS DBPro) is that it enforces the offline approach. This gripe is what SQL Connect addresses. If you don't already use SQL Source Control, you can get up and running with SQL Connect by adding a new project to your Visual Studio solution as follows: Then choose your existing development database and you're ready to go. If you already use SQL Source Control, you will need to link SQL Connect to your existing database scripts folder repository, so SQL Connect and SQL Source Control can be used collaboratively (note that SQL Source Control v.3.0.9.18 or later is required). Locate the repository (this can be found in the Setup tab in SQL Source Control). .and create a working folder for it (here I'm using TortoiseSVN). Back in Visual Studio, locate the SQL Connect panel (in the View menu if it hasn't auto loaded) and select Import SQL Source Control project Locate your working folder and click Import. This creates a Red Gate database project under your solution: From here you can modify your development database, and manage your changes in source control. To associate your development database with the project, right click on the project node, select Properties, set the database and Save. Now you're ready to make some changes. Locate the object you'd like to modify in the Solution Explorer, and double click it to invoke a query window or table designer. You also have the option to edit the creation SQL directly using Edit SQL File in Project. Keeping the development database and Visual Studio project in sync is as easy as clicking on a button. One you've made your change, you can use whichever mechanism you choose to commit to source control. Here I'm using the free open-source AnkhSVN to integrate Subversion with Visual Studio. Maintaining your database in a Visual Studio solution means that you can commit database changes and application code changes in the same changeset. This is desirable if you have continuous integration set up as you want to ensure that all files related to a change are committed atomically, so you avoid an interim "broken build". More discussion on SQL Connect and its benefits can be found in the following article on Simple Talk: No More Disconnected SQL Development in Visual Studio The SQL Connect project team is currently assessing the backlog for the next development effort, and they'd appreciate your feature suggestions, as well as your votes on their suggestions site: http://redgate.uservoice.com/forums/140800-sql-connect-for-visual-studio- A 28-day free trial of SQL Connect is available from the Red Gate website. Technorati Tags: SQL Server

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  • What principles does your software engineering or development organization follow?

    - by user11347
    What principles does your software engineering or development organization follow? I am very interested in seeing a list of principles from someone who works at a company where these principles are discussed, published, followed, etc. The closest I have seen to a principles-based engineering organization are companies which are agile and follow the agile principles. Here is a list of Marick's values/challenges: http://www.agilejourneyman.com/2010/02/4-challenges-and-5-guiding-values-of.html I am looking for pointers to more stuff like this. Ideally, I'd like to hear from people who have actually implemented a principles-based approach in their organization.

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  • Bump version before kicking off new development or when tagging a release, which is better?

    - by linquize
    Some projects bump version before kicking off a new development, while the other projects bump version when tagging a release. Which approach is better? If version number not changed at the start of new phase, the developers may forget to change it and simply release the program. If version number changed before tagging release, then 2 the version numbers (tag and Makefile/AssemblyInfo.cs) do not match. git describe may give you v1.2.3.4-15-g1234567 if current revision is after v1.2.3.4, but you have already changed the files to have v1.2.3.5

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  • Why is design by contract considered an alternative to the pseudo programming process?

    - by zoopp
    Right now I'm reading Code Complete by Steve McConnell and in chapter 9 he talks about the Pseudo Programming Process (PPP). From what I've understood, the PPP is a way of programming in which the programmer first writes the pseudo code for the routine he's working on, then refines it up to the point where pretty much each pseudo code line can be implemented in 1-3 lines of code, then writes the code in the designated programming language and finally the pseudo code is saved as comments for the purpose of documenting the routine. In chapter 9.4 the author mentions alternatives to the PPP, one of which is 'design by contract'. In design by contract you basically assert preconditions and postconditions of each routine. Now why would that be considered an alternative? To me it seems obvious that I should use both techniques at the same time and not chose one over the other.

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