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  • How do web servers enforce the same-origin policy?

    - by BBnyc
    I'm diving deeper into developing RESTful APIs and have so far worked with a few different frameworks to achieve this. Of course I've run into the same-origin policy, and now I'm wondering how web servers (rather than web browsers) enforce it. From what I understand, some enforcing seems to happen on the browser's end (e.g., honoring a Access-Control-Allow-Origin header received from a server). But what about the server? For example, let's say a web server is hosting a Javascript web app that accesses an API, also hosted on that server. I assume that server would enforce the same-origin policy --- so that only the javascript that is hosted on that server would be allowed to access the API. This would prevent someone else from writing a javascript client for that API and hosting it on another site, right? So how would a web server be able to stop a malicious client that would try to make AJAX requests to its api endpoints while claiming to be running javascript that originated from that same web server? What's the way most popular servers (Apache, nginx) protect against this kind of attack? Or is my understanding of this somehow off the mark? Or is the cross-origin policy only enforced on the client end?

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  • Nagios3: Conditional operators for service checks?

    - by Dave
    I'm trying to setup Nagios to monitor my various using hostgroups to define 'machine roles', against which I run services to check the machines by role. However, I'd like to use conditional operators that would enable me to run the service check against an intersection of two host groups, rather than their unions... i.e. using &&, ||, or () operators. For example, imagine I have the following servers: www-eu: Linux WWW (Apache) server, in the EU www-us: Windows WWW (IIS) server, in the US (West coast) ftp-eu: Linux FTP server, in the EU ftp-us: Windows FTP server, in the US I would want to create the following host groups: US-Servers: www-us, ftp-us EU-Servers: www-eu, ftp-eu WWW-Servers: www-us, www-eu FTP-Servers: ftp-us, ftp-eu Now say I'm interested in checking the HTTP response time for my web servers. Then let's say this particular Nagios service is running from the US (West Coast), and that I have a command called *check_http_response_time*. This command will check the responsiveness of the HTTP server, which I can provide an argument which defines the max response time before raising critical. My command might look like: check_http_response_time $HOSTNAME$ 50 Now traditionally, I can run my checks by specifying a list of host or hostgroups. define service{ use local-service hostgroup_name WWW-Servers # Servers = www-us, www-eu servicegroups WWW Checks service_description Check HTTP Response Time check_command check_http_response_time!50 } However, with the above service definition, given my Nagios service is in US West, I could reasonably expect that my EU server will return critical. Really, I want different thresholds for each region (50 for US West, 200 for EU.) I would have to permutate my service for each host and set their custom threshold, or alternatively permutate out my service groups by role & region (i.e. WWW-Servers-EU), and run my specific thresholds against those. Though the latter is better, both are much messier than I'd like... What I would love, and what this post is asking for, is a way to use hostgroups to perform an intersection using conditional logic, rather than a simple union. It might look like: define service{ use local-service hostgroup_name WWW-Servers && US-Servers servicegroups WWW Checks service_description Check HTTP Response Time check_command check_http_response_time!50 } It then would run the check only against servers that are in both WWW-Servers and US-Servers, in my example, just www-us. The benefits of such a feature would be significant for Nagios services configured for large-scale. Is this feature available? If it isn't, will it be available in the future? Is there an alternative way to accomplish this given the most recent Nagios version? Any tips/suggestions are most appreciated! Dave

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  • How can I centralise MySQL data between 3 or more geographically separate servers?

    - by Andy Castles
    To explain the background to the question: We have a home-grown PHP application (for running online language-learning courses) running on a Linux server and using MySQL on localhost for saving user data (e.g. results of tests taken, marks of submitted work, time spent on different pages in the courses, etc). As we have students from different geographic locations we currently have 3 virtual servers hosted close to those locations (Spain, UK and Hong Kong) and users are added to the server closest to them (they access via different URLs, e.g. europe.domain.com, uk.domain.com and asia.domain.com). This works but is an administrative nightmare as we have to remember which server a particular user is on, and users can only connect to one server. We would like to somehow centralise the information so that all users are visible on any of the servers and users could connect to any of the 3 servers. The question is, what method should we use to implement this. It must be an issue that that lots of people have encountered but I haven't found anything conclusive after a fair bit of Googling around. The closest I have seen to solutions are: something like master-master replication, but I have read so many posts suggesting that this is not a good idea as things like auto_increment fields can break. circular replication, this sounded perfect but to quote from O'Reilly's High Performance MySQL, "In general, rings are brittle and best avoided" We're not against rewriting code in the application to make it work with whatever solution is required but I am not sure if replication is the correct thing to use. Thanks, Andy P.S. I should add that we experimented with writes to a central database and then using reads from a local database but the response time between the different servers for writing was pretty bad and it's also important that written data is available immediately for reading so if replication is too slow this could cause out-of-date data to be returned. Edit: I have been thinking about writing my own rudimentary replication script which would involve something like having each user given a server ID to say which is his "home server", e.g. users in asia would be marked as having the Hong Kong server as their own server. Then the replication scripts (which would be a PHP script set to run as a cron job reasonably frequently, e.g. every 15 minutes or so) would run independently on each of the servers in the system. They would go through the database and distribute any information about users with the "home server" set to the server that the script is running on to all of the other databases in the system. They would also need to suck new information which has been added to any of the other databases on the system where the "home server" flag is the server where the script is running. I would need to work out the details and build in the logic to deal with conflicts but I think it would be possible, however I wanted to make sure that there is not a correct solution for this already out there as it seems like it must be a problem that many people have already come across.

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  • Huge or minimal performance hit running game servers on a Virtual Machine? [closed]

    - by Damainman
    I have a two dedicated servers to choose from depending on which one would do a better job. I plan on updating the Hard Drive space and RAM at a later date depending on how I move forward. Server 1: 500GB Hard Drive 8GB RAM 2x 64bit Intel Xeon L5420(Quad Core) @ 2.50Ghz Server2: 500GB Hard Drive 8GB RAM 2x 64bit Intel Xeon E5420(Quad Core) @ 2.50GHz I want to run a virtual machine that will host about 10 game servers, with about 16 active slots per server. It will be a mix and match from: Minecraft Counter Strike( 1.6, Source, Global Offensive) Battlefield Team Fortress I know the general consensus is virtualization is a horrible idea if you plan on running virtual servers on them. The issue is, the discussions I read do not really clearly state whether they are speaking about a virtual server running inside an OS(ie: VMware Player running on Windows with the game server in a VM) or a Hypervisor such as Xen Cloud Platform. I am trying to get a definite answer on how feasible the above would be and how much of a performance hit it might be if the VM running the game servers is on a hypervisor such as Xen Cloud Platform. My initial research lead me to believe that there wouldn't be a performance hit since the virtualization is different than running it via inside of a OS.

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  • I have permanent connections to Canonical servers, what are they for?

    - by Dan Dman
    After the recent upgrade to 12, I notice permanent connections to canonical servers. Running netstat -tp gives: Foreign Address State PID/Program name mulberry.canonical:http CLOSE_WAIT 6537/ubuntu-geoip-p alkes.canonical.co:http CLOSE_WAIT 6667/python alkes.canonical.co:http CLOSE_WAIT 6667/python Why are there permanent connections and how could I stop this behavior? And if this is intentional, who is responsible? I would like to understand why this was done because to me it seems like a bad idea.

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  • I have permanent connections to Canonical servers, what are they for and how can I turn them off?

    - by Dan Dman
    After the recent upgrade to 12, I notice permanent connections to canonical servers. Running netstat -tp gives: Foreign Address State PID/Program name mulberry.canonical:http CLOSE_WAIT 6537/ubuntu-geoip-p alkes.canonical.co:http CLOSE_WAIT 6667/python alkes.canonical.co:http CLOSE_WAIT 6667/python Why are there permanent connections and how could I stop this behavior? And if this is intentional, who is responsible? I would like to understand why this was done because to me it seems like a bad idea.

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  • I want to add a Quality Assurance domain. How do I handle DNS servers?

    - by Tim
    I'm advising a large client on how to isolate their dev and testing from their production. They already have one domain, lets say xyz.net with the active directory domain as "XYZ01". I want to add second domain say QAxyz.net and make its active directory domain "QA01" All development and QA servers would be moved to the QAxyz.net domain, the machines would be part of the QA01 domain. Note: Some of these servers will have the same name as the production servers for testing purposes. I believe we would have separate DNS servers for each domain. If I am logged into the QA01 domain, to access the production domain I would qualify my access like so: \PRODSERVER.xyz.net login: XYZ01\username Do I need to add a forwarder to my QAxyz.net DNS server so that it can see xyz.net? Would I need to do the same to the xyz.net DNS server to see QAxyz.net? I don't know how to advise them in this. Does anyone have any other recommendations to isolationg a QA domain? Many Thanks in advance! Tim

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  • How does one make sure or even guarantee server time are sync correctly between dozens of servers across multiple datacenter on different location?

    - by forestclown
    Currently our web applications contain a logic to check if the data sent to the web server is expired or not by comparing the timestamp of the data with the date/time of the server. Everything goes will, until some dude from data center accidentally modify one of the web server date/time and causes some disruptions in our web services. My managers are of course not happy with this, and said we shouldn't use timestamp to check expiry in the first place...anyway.... Network Time Protocol is implemented, because of data centers are spread across different continents so we have one NTP server in each data center. The servers within the data center will have cron jobs to check against the time with their NTP server from the same data center. If time is out of sync it will auto update the server date/time. But then with our managers not happy with it, and think it could still easily causes the same problem. e.g. what if someone accidentally modify the NTP date/time? what if all the NTP servers are out of sync with each other? which NTP servers we can really trust? and blah blah.. So my questions are: What are the current practice to sync date/time between servers across multiple data centers or locations? How does one manages time stamp between web apps? e.g. Server A send data (contain timestamp of Server A) to Server B (compare timestamp between Server B and the timestamp from the data to see if it has expired or not. This is to avoid HTTP replay) Should we really not use timestamp check? Thanks & Best Regards

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  • Are Java servers really more preferable for web-development? [closed]

    - by Gerald Goward
    Many experienced people I know tell me that many web-projects, including enterprise ones, are better to develop with Java being back-end. Reasons: Ubuntu servers being cheaper and more reliable. MySql being much more "light" rather than "heavyweighted" MS Sql. I heard some more, but I really cant remember all of them. My question: I believe ASP.NET and Java are BOTH good for web-development and its just holywar subject. Am I right or not?

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  • Why is the wrong name server information at crsnic.net & gtld-servers.net ?

    - by danorton
    Did I screw this up? I don’t even know how this might have happened, so I’d like to learn. I’m trying out HostGator’s reseller service and I bought a domain name through it, but I didn’t want the default name servers and so I changed them during the registration. After registration the domain name record is correct everywhere except at whois-servers.net and whois.crsnic.net and it looks like the DNS network is using that same information. $ whois -h whois.enom.com. example.com ... Name Servers: dns1.name-services.com dns2.name-services.com dns3.name-services.com dns4.name-services.com dns5.name-services.com ... $ whois -h whois.crsnic.net. example.com Domain Name: EXAMPLE.COM Registrar: ENOM, INC. Whois Server: whois.enom.com Referral URL: http://www.enom.com Name Server: NS1.HOSTGATOR.COM Name Server: NS2.HOSTGATOR.COM Status: clientTransferProhibited Updated Date: 01-jun-2010 Creation Date: 31-may-2010 Expiration Date: 31-may-2011 >>> Last update of whois database: Tue, 01 Jun 2010 19:20:47 UTC <<< ... $ dig +norecurse @b.gtld-servers.net. example.com. NS ... ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: example.com. 172763 IN NS ns2.hostgator.com. example.com. 172763 IN NS ns1.hostgator.com. ... My next step is to let HostGator have a look, but first I want to better understand how this happened. Thanks.

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  • What are the typical methods used to scale up/out email storage servers?

    - by nareshov
    Hi, What I've tried: I have two email storage architectures. Old and new. Old: courier-imapds on several (18+) 1TB-storage servers. If one of them show signs of running out of disk space, we migrate a few email accounts to another server. the servers don't have replicas. no backups either. New: dovecot2 on a single huge server with 16TB (SATA) storage and a few SSDs we store fresh mails on the SSDs and run a doveadm purge to move mails older than a day to the SATA disks there is an identical server which has a max-15min-old rsync backup from the primary server higher-ups/management wanted to pack in as much storage as possible per server in order to minimise the cost of SSDs per server the rsync'ing is done because GlusterFS wasn't replicating well under that high small/random-IO. scaling out was expected to be done with provisioning another pair of such huge servers on facing disk-crunch issues like in the old architecture, manual moving of email accounts would be done. Concerns/doubts: I'm not convinced with the synchronously-replicated filesystem idea works well for heavy random/small-IO. GlusterFS isn't working for us yet, I'm not sure if there's another filesystem out there for this use case. The idea was to keep identical pairs and use DNS round-robin for email delivery and IMAP/POP3 access. And if one the servers went down for whatever reasons (planned/unplanned), we'd move the IP to the other server in the pair. In filesystems like Lustre, I get the advantage of a single namespace whereby I do not have to worry about manually migrating accounts around and updating MAILHOME paths and other metadata/data. Questions: What are the typical methods used to scale up/out with the traditional software (courier-imapd / dovecot)? Do traditional software that store on a locally mounted filesystem pose a roadblock to scale out with minimal "problems"? Does one have to re-write (parts of) these to work with an object-storage of some sort - such as OpenStack object storage?

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  • What kind of storage do people actually use for VMware ESX servers?

    - by Dirk Paessler
    VMware and many network evangelists try to tell you that sophisticated (=expensive) fiber SANs are the "only" storage option for VMware ESX and ESXi servers. Well, yes, of course. Using a SAN is fast, reliable and makes vMotion possible. Great. But: Can all ESX/ESXi users really afford SANs? My theory is that less than 20% of all VMware ESX installations on this planet actually use fiber or iSCS SANs. Most of these installation will be in larger companies who can afford this. I would predict that most VMware installations use "attached storage" (vmdks are stored on disks inside the server). Most of them run in SMEs and there are so many of them! We run two ESX 3.5 servers with attached storage and two ESX 4 servers with an iSCS san. And the "real live difference" between both is barely notable :-) Do you know of any official statistics for this question? What do you use as your storage medium?

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  • Doubts about Cloud Infrastructure

    - by Pravin
    Maybe a little more of the same questions that others have asked but wanted to clarify my doubt, for some years run my hosting company (reseller of esds) and I've done well so far, but I am determined to bring quality and server technology to offer another level. So far I have understood that there is a difference between cloud and cluster servers because the cluster function as load balancers that distribute in different servers roles and use the servers less overloaded in the cloud is the union of multiple servers and then the same is vitualized unlike the cluster that is allowed to use the resources of the CPU and RAM servers in the virtualized environment. My approach is to use 3 dedicated servers to create a cloud server, My doubts: Does this type of cloud servers are only reserved for big companies? (Either because the union of the servers is done by hardware or software with high price) What characteristics should these servers meet? Possibly through software which should be used? Available? Thanks for your time, Cheers!

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  • Can I config different VIP per service pointing same Real servers with Cisco ACE?

    - by Kamome
    I'm using Cisco ACE Module with Cisco Catalyst 6504. There are 2 real servers connected to Switch, and runs three different services. (TCP 82, 83 and 84) I have to use three different URLs per service. (for example, a.com for TCP 82, b.com for TCP 83 and c.com for TCP 84) Therefore, I need three IPs. The problem is, is it possible that configure 3 different VIPs with same real servers with Cisco ACE Module? I mean, if VIPs are 1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2, 3.3.3.3 and real servers are 4.4.4.4, 5.5.5.5, can I configure as following : VIP 1.1.1.1:82 Real Server 4.4.4.4:82, 5.5.5.5:82 VIP 2.2.2.2:83 Real Server 4.4.4.4:83, 5.5.5.5:83 VIP 3.3.3.3:84 Real Server 4.4.4.4:84, 5.5.5.5:84 I think, logically, it's possible. But is it REALLy possible?

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  • Storage servers architectural solution for backup. What is the best way? (pics inside)

    - by Kirzilla
    Hello, What is the best architecture for storage servers array? Needs... a) easy way to add one more server to array b) we don't have single backup server c) we need to have one backup for each "web" part of each server Group #1 : is cross-server-backuping scheme; the main disadvantage that we can't add one more server, we should add 2 servers in one time. Group #2 : is a Group #1, but with three and more servers. It also have a disadvantage - to add one more server we should move existing backup to it. Any suggestions? Thank you. Thank you.

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  • How can I migrate websites between two identical servers?

    - by edude05
    I have two servers that have a nearly identical (software) configuration. We are upgrading the web servers to run windows server 2008 R2, one already is however the main one (that currently has sites) is on WS2008. Now, the old server is ns.mydomain.com and the new server is ns1.mydomain.com. Since dns automatically fails over to ns1.mydomain.com I'd like a way to move all the vhosts to the new server. Is there an automatic way to move / recreate all the vhosts on the new server? I have figured out how to migrate the DNS records already DNS Migration and since both servers are on the same private network migrating the website data isn't a large issue. Every site is running PHP & MySQL and the MySQL server is external so the records won't have to be moved. Thanks

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  • Updated: NLB 2 Windows Server 2003 Servers - Looking to Hire SysAdmin to solve!

    - by Paul Hinett
    I need to configure windows NLB on 2 dedicated servers I have. My main machine has been running for some time, with several domain names pointing to the servers primary IP address. Both servers have 2 NIC's installed, and both have several secondary public IP addresses available if needed? What IP address would I use for the cluster IP, does this IP need to be added to the IP list of both public NIC's ip address list? What IP addresses do I use for the host's dedicated IP? Please help, this is driving me nuts...i've taken down the server twice on accident today! UPDATE: Looking to hire a windows SysAdmin to solve! I have updated my question, i would like to hire a trusted windows SysAdmin to take care of this for me, preferably today...can anyone help and provide some credentials please? Thank you in advance!

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  • What disk setup is needed / best practice for hypervisor-only servers?

    - by Luke404
    Planning to buy some servers to run an hypervisor (Citrix XenServer or VMware vSphere, still have to decide between the two) we'd like to boot off the local redundant SD card module offered by various vendors (eg. Dell, HP, etc...). The actual VMs will run from an existing iSCSI SAN (which, by the way, can't support booting the servers directly off the SAN). What are the reasons, if any, to choose completely diskless servers VS having some local storage? And what would be the guidelines to choose that local storage? (number of spindles, raid level, etc)

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  • Exchange 2010 and DAG - all roles on both servers?

    - by Keith
    We just recently migrated to an Exchange 2010 server. Currently all of the roles and mailboxes are installed on 1 server (we are a small company with less than 100 users). I am wanting to use DAG for replication however it seems most set ups for DAG requires at least 3 or 4 total servers. Is there anyway to make this work with just two servers and both of these servers would have all the roles and mailboxes? Maybe there is a better way to do this than DAG? I'm open for suggestions. The goal here is to have some sort of replicated server so that if there is an issue with our primary Exchange server, another one can be brought up within an hour or so with all current information (not a backup). It doesn't necessarily have to be instantaneous.

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  • After moving our Servers to a virtual environment using VMware - SQL timeouts came in, why?

    - by RayofCommand
    We moved our servers to a virtual cloud (VMware) where only our servers are in. But as soon as we finished migrating everything we are fighting against SQL Timeouts and machine slowdowns we can't explain. Even though we ~ doubled the servers capacity while switching from physical to virtual. Now I googled and found that we are not alone. People are complaining about poor performance after moving to a cloud managed by VMware. Are there any known issues? Sometimes our services can't access a disk or SQL receives a timeout and we have no idea why.

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  • Windows Server: Do I really need servers in remote locations?

    - by IMAbev
    I have one main site with several servers an a 2008/2012 environment. I have 4 remote sites that are physically close (a few miles apart) and are all connected to the main site by 20meg fiber on a private network. At each of the remote locations I have a windows server that users log in to and where their files and apps are located. There are many considerations to answering this question. But the first thing I am wondering is do I really need a server at each location? Users are just logging in to this server for permissions and a vast majority of my users are only using word, excel and email. I am really interested in figuring out if I need servers at these locations. $3,000 to $4,000 per server every 3-5 years, licensing, administration... I know there are other considerations - speed, redundancy, if my link to the main site goes down the users have nothing. But I just am not convinced I need servers at these locations.

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  • Sitemaps on multiple front end servers using a http handler, is that a good idea?

    - by Rihan Meij
    Question 1 We would like to generate a site map for our CMS site We have multiple front end servers with approx a million articles. Environment multiple MS SQL servers multiple front end servers (load balanced) ASP.net - and IIS 6 Windows 2003 To have the site maps (the site map index file, and the site map files) physically on the front end servers will be a operations nightmare and error prone. So we are considering using http handlers instead so that it does not matter what server gets the request, it will be able to serve the correct xml file. Question 2 If we ping Google each time we publish a new article will that effect us negatively if that happens more than once a hour. Thanks!

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  • How to use Google Analytics to track a development and production versions of the same site on different servers?

    - by Abe
    I have a website with two versions, one for production and one for development (testing new features). All of the code is under version control and the websites are on separate servers. Currently, I have the same Google Analytics Tracking code used on both sites. Since the code is under version control, it would be ideal to either have an if I am on production, use this code; else if on development server use that code clause. But I suspect that Google makes it easier to do something like this. I see that there are many ways to configure a GA tracking code, e.g. "a single domain" vs. "multiple top level domains". But it is not clear to me how to set this up. Also, if tracking code configured for a single domain has been on the development server, have I been picking up traffic to both sites, or does GA just ignore the second domain that I haven't registered?

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  • How do i fight spam against my mail servers ?

    - by tawfekov
    Hello , the problem I am having is the ability to fight spammers who add unsubscribe form this mail list by clicking here into their spam emails , turns out i am not the only suffer form this , gmail don't filter these mail as well . i made a simple test case , created an email on gmail and contacted one the spammer asking him to add my address to his list such a bad idea :P and google thought that i am already subscribed to that list and put it in my inbox . these kind of spammer uses many accounts to send their spam which make this job much harder how do i report those spammer , and block them in gmail or mail mail servers ?? what is the fastest way to do that ???

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  • how to make audio and video streaming servers work?

    - by explorex
    I am a php mysql developer ... just an (below) average. and i am interested in the way television and radio are broadcasted over internet live. i want to know how it works and and what are its requirements (which package of which programming language offers the best). i must admit that i am a complete layman but i expect it do by next half month or year or so. And please clarify me Websites are stored in servers. From my desktop, i want to broadcast some video, then i need to connect to webserver(to upstream the video). Is there an application to do that (or do i have to code that or embed in my web application and which programming language would be suitable(does python support that))? and i also need a script to handle the upstreamed video or audio(can i do that with php)?

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