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  • Nagios notifications definitions

    - by Colin
    I am trying to monitor a web server in such a way that I want to search for a particular string on a page via http. The command is defined in command.cfg as follows # 'check_http-mysite command definition' define command { command_name check_http-mysite command_line /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_http -H mysite.example.com -s "Some text" } # 'notify-host-by-sms' command definition define command { command_name notify-host-by-sms command_line /usr/bin/send_sms $CONTACTPAGER$ "Nagios - $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ :Host$HOSTALIAS$ is $HOSTSTATE$ ($OUTPUT$)" } # 'notify-service-by-sms' command definition define command { command_name notify-service-by-sms command_line /usr/bin/send_sms $CONTACTPAGER$ "Nagios - $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$: $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ ($OUTPUT$)" } Now if nagios doesn't find "Some text" on the home page mysite.example.com, nagios should notify a contact via sms through the Clickatell http API which I have a script for that that I have tested and found that it works fine. Whenever I change the command definition to search for a string which is not on the page, and restart nagios, I can see on the web interface that the string was not found. What I don't understand is why isn't the notification sent though I have defined the host, hostgroup, contact, contactgroup and service and so forth. What I'm I missing, these are my definitions, In my web access through the cgi I can see that I have notifications have been defined and enabled though I don't get both email and sms notifications during hard status changes. host.cfg define host { use generic-host host_name HAL alias IBM-1 address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx check_command check_http-mysite } *hostgroups_nagios2.cfg* # my website define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name my-servers alias All My Servers members HAL } *contacts_nagios2.cfg* define contact { contact_name colin alias Colin Y service_notification_period 24x7 host_notification_period 24x7 service_notification_options w,u,c,r,f,s host_notification_options d,u,r,f,s service_notification_commands notify-service-by-email,notify-service-by-sms host_notification_commands notify-host-by-email,notify-host-by-sms email [email protected] pager +254xxxxxxxxx } define contactgroup{ contactgroup_name site_admin alias Site Administrator members colin } *services_nagios2.cfg* # check for particular string in page via http define service { hostgroup_name my-servers service_description STRING CHECK check_command check_http-mysite use generic-service notification_interval 0 ; set > 0 if you want to be renotified contacts colin contact_groups site_admin } Could someone please tell me where I'm going wrong. Here are the generic-host and generic-service definitions *generic-service_nagios2.cfg* # generic service template definition define service{ name generic-service ; The 'name' of this service template active_checks_enabled 1 ; Active service checks are enabled passive_checks_enabled 1 ; Passive service checks are enabled/accepted parallelize_check 1 ; Active service checks should be parallelized (disabling this can lead to major performance problems) obsess_over_service 1 ; We should obsess over this service (if necessary) check_freshness 0 ; Default is to NOT check service 'freshness' notifications_enabled 1 ; Service notifications are enabled event_handler_enabled 1 ; Service event handler is enabled flap_detection_enabled 1 ; Flap detection is enabled failure_prediction_enabled 1 ; Failure prediction is enabled process_perf_data 1 ; Process performance data retain_status_information 1 ; Retain status information across program restarts retain_nonstatus_information 1 ; Retain non-status information across program restarts notification_interval 0 ; Only send notifications on status change by default. is_volatile 0 check_period 24x7 normal_check_interval 5 retry_check_interval 1 max_check_attempts 4 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups site_admin register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL SERVICE, JUST A TEMPLATE! } *generic-host_nagios2.cfg* define host{ name generic-host ; The name of this host template notifications_enabled 1 ; Host notifications are enabled event_handler_enabled 1 ; Host event handler is enabled flap_detection_enabled 1 ; Flap detection is enabled failure_prediction_enabled 1 ; Failure prediction is enabled process_perf_data 1 ; Process performance data retain_status_information 1 ; Retain status information across program restarts retain_nonstatus_information 1 ; Retain non-status information across program restarts max_check_attempts 10 notification_interval 0 notification_period 24x7 notification_options d,u,r contact_groups site_admin register 1 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE! }

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  • Projections.count() and Projections.countDistinct() both result in the same query

    - by Kim L
    EDIT: I've edited this post completely, so that the new description of my problem includes all the details and not only what I previously considered relevant. Maybe this new description will help to solve the problem I'm facing. I have two entity classes, Customer and CustomerGroup. The relation between customer and customer groups is ManyToMany. The customer groups are annotated in the following way in the Customer class. @Entity public class Customer { ... @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "customers", fetch = FetchType.LAZY) public Set<CustomerGroup> getCustomerGroups() { ... } ... public String getUuid() { return uuid; } ... } The customer reference in the customer groups class is annotated in the following way @Entity public class CustomerGroup { ... @ManyToMany public Set<Customer> getCustomers() { ... } ... public String getUuid() { return uuid; } ... } Note that both the CustomerGroup and Customer classes also have an UUID field. The UUID is a unique string (uniqueness is not forced in the datamodel, as you can see, it is handled as any other normal string). What I'm trying to do, is to fetch all customers which do not belong to any customer group OR the customer group is a "valid group". The validity of a customer group is defined with a list of valid UUIDs. I've created the following criteria query Criteria criteria = getSession().createCriteria(Customer.class); criteria.setProjection(Projections.countDistinct("uuid")); criteria = criteria.createCriteria("customerGroups", "groups", Criteria.LEFT_JOIN); List<String> uuids = getValidUUIDs(); Criterion criterion = Restrictions.isNull("groups.uuid"); if (uuids != null && uuids.size() > 0) { criterion = Restrictions.or(criterion, Restrictions.in( "groups.uuid", uuids)); } criteria.add(criterion); When executing the query, it will result in the following SQL query select count(*) as y0_ from Customer this_ left outer join CustomerGroup_Customer customergr3_ on this_.id=customergr3_.customers_id left outer join CustomerGroup groups1_ on customergr3_.customerGroups_id=groups1_.id where groups1_.uuid is null or groups1_.uuid in ( ?, ? ) The query is exactly what I wanted, but with one exception. Since a Customer can belong to multiple CustomerGroups, left joining the CustomerGroup will result in duplicated Customer objects. Hence the count(*) will give a false value, as it only counts how many results there are. I need to get the amount of unique customers and this I expected to achieve by using the Projections.countDistinct("uuid"); -projection. For some reason, as you can see, the projection will still result in a count(*) query instead of the expected count(distinct uuid). Replacing the projection countDistinct with just count("uuid") will result in the exactly same query. Am I doing something wrong or is this a bug? === "Problem" solved. Reason: PEBKAC (Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair). I had a branch in my code and didn't realize that the branch was executed. That branch used rowCount() instead of countDistinct().

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  • Why Do I See the "In Recovery" Msg, and How Can I Prevent it?

    - by John Hansen
    The project I'm working on creates a local copy of the SQL Server database for each SVN branch you work on. We're running SQL Server 2008 Express with Advanced Services on our local machine to host it. When we create a new branch, the build script will create a new database with the ID of that branch, creates the schema objects, and copies over a selection of data from the production shadow server. After the database is created, it, or other databases on the local machine, will often go into "In Recovery" mode for several minutes. After several refreshes it comes up and is happy, but will occasionally go back into "In Recovery" mode. The database is created in simple recovery mode. The file names aren't specified, so it uses default paths for files. The size of the database after loading data is ~400 megs. It is running in SQL Server 2005 compatibility mode. The command that creates the database is: sqlcmd -S $(DBServer) -Q "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT [name] FROM sysdatabases WHERE [name] = '$(DBName)') BEGIN CREATE DATABASE [$(DBName)]; print 'Created $(DBName)'; END" ...where $(DBName) and $(DBServer) are MSBuild parameters. I got a nice clean log file this morning. When I turned on my computer it starts all five databases. However, two of them show transactions being rolled forward and backwards. The it just keeps trying to start up all five of the databases. 2010-06-10 08:24:59.74 spid52 Starting up database 'ASPState'. 2010-06-10 08:24:59.82 spid52 Starting up database 'CommunityLibrary'. 2010-06-10 08:25:03.97 spid52 Starting up database 'DLG-R8441'. 2010-06-10 08:25:05.07 spid52 2 transactions rolled forward in database 'DLG-R8441' (6). This is an informational message only. No user action is required. 2010-06-10 08:25:05.14 spid52 0 transactions rolled back in database 'DLG-R8441' (6). This is an informational message only. No user action is required. 2010-06-10 08:25:05.14 spid52 Recovery is writing a checkpoint in database 'DLG-R8441' (6). This is an informational message only. No user action is required. 2010-06-10 08:25:11.23 spid52 Starting up database 'DLG-R8979'. 2010-06-10 08:25:12.31 spid36s Starting up database 'DLG-R8441'. 2010-06-10 08:25:13.17 spid52 2 transactions rolled forward in database 'DLG-R8979' (9). This is an informational message only. No user action is required. 2010-06-10 08:25:13.22 spid52 0 transactions rolled back in database 'DLG-R8979' (9). This is an informational message only. No user action is required. 2010-06-10 08:25:13.22 spid52 Recovery is writing a checkpoint in database 'DLG-R8979' (9). This is an informational message only. No user action is required. 2010-06-10 08:25:18.43 spid52 Starting up database 'Rls QA'. 2010-06-10 08:25:19.13 spid46s Starting up database 'DLG-R8979'. 2010-06-10 08:25:23.29 spid36s Starting up database 'DLG-R8441'. 2010-06-10 08:25:27.91 spid52 Starting up database 'ASPState'. 2010-06-10 08:25:29.80 spid41s Starting up database 'DLG-R8979'. 2010-06-10 08:25:31.22 spid52 Starting up database 'Rls QA'. In this case it kept trying to start the databases continuously until I shut down SQL Server at 08:48:19.72, 23 minutes later. Meanwhile, I actually am able to use the databases much of the time.

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  • A Look Back at 2010 Predictions

    - by David Dorf
    Now is the time of year people make their predictions for next year, but before I start thinking about 2011 it's worth a look back to see how my predictions for 2010 fared. 1. Borders and Blockbuster bite the dust. I would have never predicted a strong brand such as Circuit City could die, but now I know it can happen to anyone. Borders has lost the battle with Barnes & Noble and Blockbuster has lost to Netflix. And just to be sure, Amazon put an extra nail in each coffin. Borders received additional investment from Bennett LeBow to keep it afloat, but the stock is down around $1.25 with no profits in sight. Blockbuster filed for bankruptcy back in September. 2. Every retailer finally has a page on Facebook... but very few figure out how to keep fans engaged. Retailer postings become noise, and fans start to unsubscribe. Twitter goes in the same direction. A few standout retailers will figure out how to use social media, and the rest will remain dumbfounded. Most retailers are on the Facebook bandwagon, and their fan bases seem to be increasing thanks to promotions like The Gap's logo redesign, Lowes' black Friday sneak peak, and Walmart's Crowd Savers. There are several examples of f-commerce advancements, including some interesting integrations from Amazon.3. Smartphones consolidate and grow. More and more people will step-up to smartphones, most of which will choose iPhone, Blackberry, and Android phones. Other smartphones will vanish, and networks will start to strain. But retailers will finally embrace mobile as the next big channel. Retail marketing departments will build mobile apps without the help of their IT department, and eventually they will get into a bind. Android has been on a tear lately stealing market share from Blackberry. Palm and Microsoft are trending down, and Apple is holding steady. Smartphone sales are up 15% and expected to continue. Retailers understand the importance of mobile, and some innovative applications have been produced this year. 4. Google helps the little guys. Google will push its Favorite Places project to help give exposure to small retailers and restaurants. They will enable small retailers to act like big ones by providing storefronts, detailed product information, and coupons for consumers. Google will find a way to bring augmented reality to the masses. I can't say I've seen much new from Google regarding Favorite Places, but they've continued to push local product search. From the PC or smartphone, consumers can search for products and see which nearby stores have it stock. Oracle Retail even productized an integration to Google to support this effort. I suppose if Google ever buys Groupon then it will bring them even closer to local shopping. Google talked about augmented humanity, but that has nothing to do with augmented reality. 5. Steve Jobs Is Bugs Bunny and Steve Ballmer is Elmer Fudd. (OK, I stole that headline from an InformationWeek article. I couldn't resist.) Both Apple and Microsoft will continue to open new stores, but only Apple will show real growth. POSReady 2009 (formerly WEPOS) will continue to share the POS market with Linux. The iPhone and iPod will continue to capture market share, but there won't be an Apple tablet. There won't be an Apple tablet? What was I thinking? While Apple has well over 300 stores, there are less than 10 Microsoft stores. Initial impressions show that even though Microsoft is locating its store near Apple Stores, they are not converting customers, with shoppers citing a lack of assortment and high prices. 6. Consolidation of e-commerce software providers. Software vendors in the areas of search, reviews, online call-centers, payments, and e-commerce will consolidate, partly driven by the success of m-commerce and SaaS. Amazon will find someone else to buy, and eBay will continue to lose momentum. Consolidation of e-commerce providers continued with IBM acquiring Sterling Commerce and CoreMetrics, and Oracle recently announcing the acquisition of ATG. Amazon grabbed Zappos, Woot, and Diapers.com to continue its dominance of online selling. While eBay's Marketplace growth may have slowed, its PayPal division is doing quite well, fueled in part by demand for mobile payments. 7. Book publishers mirror music labels. Just as the iPod brought digital downloads to the masses, the Kindle and Nook will power the e-book revolution. Books will continue to use DRM for a few more years before following the path of music. Publishers will try to preserve the margins of hardbacks by associating e-book releases with paperbacks. Amazon has done a good job providing e-reader clients for smartphones, PCs, and tablets. Competition from Barnes & Noble has forced Amazon to support book loaning, and both companies are making it easier for people to publish ebooks (with or without DRM). Progress is slow but steady. 8. NFC makes inroads, RFID treads water. Near Field Communications start to appear in mobile phones, and retailers beta test its use for payments and loyalty programs. RFID tag costs come down a bit, but not enough to spur accelerated adoption.Nokia announced plans to offer NFC-enabled phones in 2011, and rumors are swirling about NFC in the upcoming iPhone.  I think NFC is heading in the right direction, and I've heard more interest from retailers about specialized uses for RFID.9. Digital Signage goes the way of augmented reality. People use their camera phones to leave geo-tagged notes all over cities, rating stores and restaurants, and "painting" graffiti. But people get tired of holding their phones in front of their faces, so AR glasses are offered in much the same way bluetooth headsets emerged. Retailers experiement with in-store advertising using AR. Several retailers like Pizza Hut, Benetton, and Target have experimented with AR but its still somewhat of a gimmick used by marketing.  I think this prediction is a year or two too early. 10. JDA flip-flops again. After announcing their embracing of the .Net architecture, then switching to J2EE after the Manugistics acquisition, JDA will finally decide to standardize on Apple's Objective C. Everything will be ported to the iPhone and be available on the AppStore. After all, there's not much left to try. This was, of course, a joke but the sentiment is still valid.  JDA seems more supply-chain focused than retail focused, which is a an outcrop if their i2 acquisition.  Of the 10 predictions, I'm going to say I got 6 somewhat correct.  (Don't you just love grading your own paper?)  Soon I'll post my predictions for 2011 so be on the lookout.  Until then here's one more prediction:  Va Tech beats Stanford in the Orange Bowl -- count on it!

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  • Windows Azure Use Case: Agility

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on when and where to use a distributed architecture design in your organization's computing needs. You can find the main post here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2011/01/18/windows-azure-and-sql-azure-use-cases.aspx  Description: Agility in this context is defined as the ability to quickly develop and deploy an application. In theory, the speed at which your organization can develop and deploy an application on available hardware is identical to what you could deploy in a distributed environment. But in practice, this is not always the case. Having an option to use a distributed environment can be much faster for the deployment and even the development process. Implementation: When an organization designs code, they are essentially becoming a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) provider to their own organization. To do that, the IT operations team becomes the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) to the development teams. From there, the software is developed and deployed using an Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) process. A simplified view of an ALM process is as follows: Requirements Analysis Design and Development Implementation Testing Deployment to Production Maintenance In an on-premise environment, this often equates to the following process map: Requirements Business requirements formed by Business Analysts, Developers and Data Professionals. Analysis Feasibility studies, including physical plant, security, manpower and other resources. Request is placed on the work task list if approved. Design and Development Code written according to organization’s chosen methodology, either on-premise or to multiple development teams on and off premise. Implementation Code checked into main branch. Code forked as needed. Testing Code deployed to on-premise Testing servers. If no server capacity available, more resources procured through standard budgeting and ordering processes. Manual and automated functional, load, security, etc. performed. Deployment to Production Server team involved to select platform and environments with available capacity. If no server capacity available, standard budgeting and procurement process followed. If no server capacity available, systems built, configured and put under standard organizational IT control. Systems configured for proper operating systems, patches, security and virus scans. System maintenance, HA/DR, backups and recovery plans configured and put into place. Maintenance Code changes evaluated and altered according to need. In a distributed computing environment like Windows Azure, the process maps a bit differently: Requirements Business requirements formed by Business Analysts, Developers and Data Professionals. Analysis Feasibility studies, including budget, security, manpower and other resources. Request is placed on the work task list if approved. Design and Development Code written according to organization’s chosen methodology, either on-premise or to multiple development teams on and off premise. Implementation Code checked into main branch. Code forked as needed. Testing Code deployed to Azure. Manual and automated functional, load, security, etc. performed. Deployment to Production Code deployed to Azure. Point in time backup and recovery plans configured and put into place.(HA/DR and automated backups already present in Azure fabric) Maintenance Code changes evaluated and altered according to need. This means that several steps can be removed or expedited. It also means that the business function requesting the application can be held directly responsible for the funding of that request, speeding the process further since the IT budgeting process may not be involved in the Azure scenario. An additional benefit is the “Azure Marketplace”, In effect this becomes an app store for Enterprises to select pre-defined code and data applications to mesh or bolt-in to their current code, possibly saving development time. Resources: Whitepaper download- What is ALM?  http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9743693  Whitepaper download - ALM and Business Strategy: http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9743690  LiveMeeting Recording on ALM and Windows Azure (registration required, but free): http://www.microsoft.com/uk/msdn/visualstudio/contact-us.aspx?sbj=Developing with Windows Azure (ALM perspective) - 10:00-11:00 - 19th Jan 2011

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  • A developer&rsquo;s WBS &ndash; 3 factors of 5

    - by johndoucette
    As a development manager, I have requested work breakdown structures (WBS) many times from the dev leads. Everyone has their own approach and why it takes sometimes days to get this simple list is often frustrating. Here is a simple way to get that elusive WBS done in 30 minutes and have 125 items in your list – well, 126. The WBS is made up of parent-child entities representing the overall outcome of the project. At the bottom of the hierarchical list should be the task item that a developer would perform in support of the branch in the list or WBS. Because I work with different dev leads on every project, I always ask the “what time value would you like to see at the lowest task in order to assign it to a developer and ensure it gets done within the timeframe”. I am particular to a task being 8 hours. Some like 8 to 24 hours. Stay away from tasks defaulting to 1 week. The task becomes way to vague and hard to manage completeness, especially on short budgets. As a developer, your focus is identifying the tasks you to accomplish in order to deliver the product. As a project manager, you will take the developer's WBS and add all the “other stuff” like quality testing, meetings, documentation, transition to maintenance, etc… Start your exercise with the name of the product you are delivering as a result of the project. You should be able to represent what you are building and deploying with one to three words. Example; XYZ Public Website Middleware BizTalk Application The reason you start with that single identifier is to always see the list as the product. It helps during each of the next three passes. Now, choose 5 tasks which in their entirety represent the product you will be delivering and add them to list under the product name you created earlier; Public Website     Security     Sites     Infrastructure     Publishing     Creative Continue this concept of seeing the list as the complete picture and decompose it one more level. You should have 25 items. Public Website     Security         Authentication         Login Control         Administration         DRM         Workflow     Sites         Masterpages         Page Layouts         Web Parts (RIA, Multimedia)         Content Types         Structures     Infrastructure         ...     Publishing         ...     Creative         ... And one more time for a total of 125 items. The top item makes the list 126. Public Website     Security         Authentication             Install (AD/ADAM/LDAP/SQL)             Configuration             Management             Web App Configuration             Implement Provider         Login Control             Login Form             Login/Logoff             pw change             pw recover/forgot             email verification         Administration             ...         DRM             ...         Workflow             ...     Sites         Masterpages         Page Layouts         Web Parts (RIA, Multimedia)         Content Types         Structures     Infrastructure         ...     Publishing         ...     Creative         ... The next step is to make sure the task at the bottom of every branch represents the “time value” you planned for the project. You can add more to the WBS and of course if you can’t find 5 items, 4 is fine. If a task can be done in a fraction of the time value you determined for the project, try to roll it up into a larger task. In the task actions (later when the iteration is being planned), decompose the details back to the simple tasks. Now, go estimate!

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  • At what point does "constructive" criticism of your code become unhelpful?

    - by user15859
    I recently started as a junior developer. As well as being one of the least experienced people on the team, I'm also a woman, which comes with all sorts of its own challenges working in a male-dominated environment. I've been having problems lately because I feel like I am getting too much unwarranted pedantic criticism on my work. Let me give you an example of what happened recently. Team lead was too busy to push in some branches I made, so he didn't get to them until the weekend. I checked my mail, not really meaning to do any work, and found that my two branches had been rejected on the basis of variable names, making error messages more descriptive, and moving some values to the config file. I don't feel that rejecting my branch on this basis is useful. Lots of people were working over the weekend, and I had never said that I would be working. Effectively, some people were probably blocked because I didn't have time to make the changes and resubmit. We are working on a project that is very time-sensitive, and it seems to me that it's not helpful to outright reject code based on things that are transparent to the client. I may be wrong, but it seems like these kinds of things should be handled in patch type commits when I have time. Now, I can see that in some environments, this would be the norm. However, the criticism doesn't seem equally distributed, which is what leads to my next problem. The basis of most of these problems was due to the fact that I was in a codebase that someone else had written and was trying to be minimally invasive. I was mimicking the variable names used elsewhere in the file. When I stated this, I was bluntly told, "Don't mimic others, just do what's right." This is perhaps the least useful thing I could have been told. If the code that is already checked in is unacceptable, how am I supposed to tell what is right and what is wrong? If the basis of the confusion was coming from the underlying code, I don't think it's my responsibility to spend hours refactoring a whole file that someone else wrote (and works perfectly well), potentially introducing new bugs etc. I'm feeling really singled out and frustrated in this situation. I've gotten a lot better about following the standards that are expected, and I feel frustrated that, for example, when I refactor a piece of code to ADD error checking that was previously missing, I'm only told that I didn't make the errors verbose enough (and the branch was rejected on this basis). What if I had never added it to begin with? How did it get into the code to begin with if it was so wrong? This is why I feel so singled out: I constantly run into this existing problematic code, that I either mimic or refactor. When I mimic it, it's "wrong", and if I refactor it, I'm chided for not doing enough (and if I go all the way, introducing bugs, etc). Again, if this is such a problem, I don't understand how any code gets into the codebase, and why it becomes my responsibility when it was written by someone else, who apparently didn't have their code reviewed. Anyway, how do I deal with this? Please remember that I said at the top that I'm a woman, and I'm sure these guys don't usually have to worry about decorum when they're reviewing other guys' code, but honestly that doesn't work for me, and it's causing me to be less productive. I'm worried that if I talk to my manager about it, he'll think I can't handled the environment, etc.

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  • Rails3 and Paperclip

    - by arkannia
    Hi, I have migrated my application from rails 2.3 to rails3 and i have a problem with paperclip. I saw there was a branch for rails3 on paperclip git. So I added "gem 'paperclip', :git = 'git://github.com/thoughtbot/paperclip.git', :branch = 'rails3'" into the Gemfile and launch the command bundle install. Once paperclip installed, the upload worked fine but not the styles. I saw a hack to fix it. # in lib/paperclip/attachment.rb at line 293 def callback which #:nodoc: # replace this line... # instance.run_callbacks(which, @queued_for_write){|result,obj| result == false } # with this: instance.run_callbacks(which, @queued_for_write) end The styles are ok after that, but i'm not able to active the processor. My code is : has_attached_file :image, :default_url => "/images/nopicture.jpg", :styles => { :large => "800x600>", :cropped => Proc.new { |instance| "#{instance.width}x#{instance.height}>" }, :crop => "300x300>" }, :processors => [:cropper] My processor is located in RAILS_APP/lib/paperclip_processors/cropper.rb and contains : module Paperclip class Cropper < Thumbnail def transformation_command if crop_command and !skip_crop? crop_command + super.sub(/ -crop \S+/, '') else super end end def crop_command target = @attachment.instance trans = ""; trans << " -crop #{target.crop_w}x#{target.crop_h}+#{target.crop_x}+#{target.crop_y}" if target.cropping? trans << " -resize \"#{target.width}x#{target.height}\"" trans end def skip_crop? ["800x600>", "300x300>"].include?(@target_geometry.to_s) end end end My problem is that i got this error message : uninitialized constant Paperclip::Cropper The cropped processor is not loaded. Is anybody has an idea to fix that ? For information my application works fine on rails 2.3.4.

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  • Replacing instructions in a method's MethodBody

    - by Alix
    Hi, (First of all, this is a very lengthy post, but don't worry: I've already implemented all of it, I'm just asking your opinion.) I'm having trouble implementing the following; I'd appreciate some help: I get a Type as parameter. I define a subclass using reflection. Notice that I don't intend to modify the original type, but create a new one. I create a property per field of the original class, like so: public class OriginalClass { private int x; } public class Subclass : OriginalClass { private int x; public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value; } } } For every method of the superclass, I create an analogous method in the subclass. The method's body must be the same except that I replace the instructions ldfld x with callvirt this.get_X, that is, instead of reading from the field directly I call the get accessor. I'm having trouble with step 4. I know you're not supposed to manipulate code like this, but I really need to. Here's what I've tried: Attempt #1: Use Mono.Cecil. This would allow me to parse the body of the method into human-readable Instructions, and easily replace instructions. However, the original type isn't in a .dll file, so I can't find a way to load it with Mono.Cecil. Writing the type to a .dll, then load it, then modify it and write the new type to disk (which I think is the way you create a type with Mono.Cecil), and then load it seems like a huge overhead. Attempt #2: Use Mono.Reflection. This would also allow me to parse the body into Instructions, but then I have no support for replacing instructions. I've implemented a very ugly and inefficient solution using Mono.Reflection, but it doesn't yet support methods that contain try-catch statements (although I guess I can implement this) and I'm concerned that there may be other scenarios in which it won't work, since I'm using the ILGenerator in a somewhat unusual way. Also, it's very ugly ;). Here's what I've done: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo) { // Create a method with the same signature. ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); // Declare the same local variables as in the original method. IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } // Get readable instructions. IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); // I first need to define labels for every instruction in case I // later find a jump to that instruction. Once the instruction has // been emitted I cannot label it, so I'll need to do it in advance. // Since I'm doing a first pass on the method's body anyway, I could // instead just create labels where they are truly needed, but for // now I'm using this quick fix. Dictionary<int, Label> labels = new Dictionary<int, Label>(); foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { labels[instr.Offset] = ilGen.DefineLabel(); } foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { // Mark this instruction with a label, in case there's a branch // instruction that jumps here. ilGen.MarkLabel(labels[instr.Offset]); // If this is the instruction that I want to replace (ldfld x)... if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { // ...get the get accessor for the accessed field (get_X()) // (I have the accessors in a dictionary; this isn't relevant), MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; // ...instead of emitting the original instruction (ldfld x), // emit a call to the get accessor, ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, safeReadAccessor); // Else (it's any other instruction), reemit the instruction, unaltered. } else { Reemit(instr, ilGen, labels); } } } And here comes the horrible, horrible Reemit method: private void Reemit(Instruction instr, ILGenerator ilGen, Dictionary<int, Label> labels) { // If the instruction doesn't have an operand, emit the opcode and return. if (instr.Operand == null) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode); return; } // Else (it has an operand)... // If it's a branch instruction, retrieve the corresponding label (to // which we want to jump), emit the instruction and return. if (instr.OpCode.FlowControl == FlowControl.Branch) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, labels[Int32.Parse(instr.Operand.ToString())]); return; } // Otherwise, simply emit the instruction. I need to use the right // Emit call, so I need to cast the operand to its type. Type operandType = instr.Operand.GetType(); if (typeof(byte).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (byte) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(double).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (double) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(float).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (float) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(int).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (int) instr.Operand); ... // you get the idea. This is a pretty long method, all like this. } Branch instructions are a special case because instr.Operand is SByte, but Emit expects an operand of type Label. Hence the need for the Dictionary labels. As you can see, this is pretty horrible. What's more, it doesn't work in all cases, for instance with methods that contain try-catch statements, since I haven't emitted them using methods BeginExceptionBlock, BeginCatchBlock, etc, of ILGenerator. This is getting complicated. I guess I can do it: MethodBody has a list of ExceptionHandlingClause that should contain the necessary information to do this. But I don't like this solution anyway, so I'll save this as a last-resort solution. Attempt #3: Go bare-back and just copy the byte array returned by MethodBody.GetILAsByteArray(), since I only want to replace a single instruction for another single instruction of the same size that produces the exact same result: it loads the same type of object on the stack, etc. So there won't be any labels shifting and everything should work exactly the same. I've done this, replacing specific bytes of the array and then calling MethodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(byte[], int), but I still get the same error with exceptions, and I still need to declare the local variables or I'll get an error... even when I simply copy the method's body and don't change anything. So this is more efficient but I still have to take care of the exceptions, etc. Sigh. Here's the implementation of attempt #3, in case anyone is interested: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo, Dictionary<string, MethodInfo[]> dataMembersSafeAccessors, ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder) { ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } byte[] rawInstructions = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().GetILAsByteArray(); IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); int k = 0; foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; // Copy the opcode: Callvirt. byte[] bytes = toByteArray(OpCodes.Callvirt.Value); for (int m = 0; m < OpCodes.Callvirt.Size; m++) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[put.Length - 1 - m]; } // Copy the operand: the accessor's metadata token. bytes = toByteArray(moduleBuilder.GetMethodToken(safeReadAccessor).Token); for (int m = instr.Size - OpCodes.Ldfld.Size - 1; m >= 0; m--) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[m]; } // Skip this instruction (do not replace it). } else { k += instr.Size; } } methodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(rawInstructions, rawInstructions.Length); } private static byte[] toByteArray(int intValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(intValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } private static byte[] toByteArray(short shortValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(shortValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } (I know it isn't pretty. Sorry. I put it quickly together to see if it would work.) I don't have much hope, but can anyone suggest anything better than this? Sorry about the extremely lengthy post, and thanks.

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  • Is there a perfect algorithm for chess?

    - by Overflown
    Dear Stack Overflow community, I was recently in a discussion with a non-coder person on the possibilities of chess computers. I'm not well versed in theory, but think I know enough. I argued that there could not exist a deterministic Turing machine that always won or stalemated at chess. I think that, even if you search the entire space of all combinations of player1/2 moves, the single move that the computer decides upon at each step is based on a heuristic. Being based on a heuristic, it does not necessarily beat ALL of the moves that the opponent could do. My friend thought, to the contrary, that a computer would always win or tie if it never made a "mistake" move (however do you define that?). However, being a programmer who has taken CS, I know that even your good choices - given a wise opponent - can force you to make "mistake" moves in the end. Even if you know everything, your next move is greedy in matching a heuristic. Most chess computers try to match a possible end game to the game in progress, which is essentially a dynamic programming traceback. Again, the endgame in question is avoidable though. -- thanks, Allan Edit: Hmm... looks like I ruffled some feathers here. That's good. Thinking about it again, it seems like there is no theoretical problem with solving a finite game like chess. I would argue that chess is a bit more complicated than checkers in that a win is not necessarily by numerical exhaustion of pieces, but by a mate. My original assertion is probably wrong, but then again I think I've pointed out something that is not yet satisfactorily proven (formally). I guess my thought experiment was that whenever a branch in the tree is taken, then the algorithm (or memorized paths) must find a path to a mate (without getting mated) for any possible branch on the opponent moves. After the discussion, I will buy that given more memory than we can possibly dream of, all these paths could be found.

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  • Need advice or pointers on Release Management Strategies

    - by Murray
    I look after an internal web based (Java, JSP, Mediasurface, etc.) system that is in constant use (24/5). Users raise tickets for enhancements, bug fixes and other business changes. These issues are signed off individually and assigned to one of three or four developers. Once the issue is complete it is built and the code only committed to SVN. The changed files (templates, html, classes, jsp) are then copied to a dev server and committed to a different repository from where they are checked out to the UAT server for testing. (this often requires the Tomcat service to be restarted and occasionally the Mediasurface service as well). The users then test and either reject or approve the release. If approved the edited files are checked out to the Live server and the same process as with UAT undertaken. If rejected the developer makes the relevant changes and starts the release process again. This is all done manually without much control. Where different developers are working on similar files, changes sometimes get overwritten by builds done on out of sync code in other cases changes in UAT are moved to live in error as they are mixed up in files associated with a signed off release. I would like to move this to a more controlled and automated process where all source code and output files are held in SVN and releases to Dev, UAT and Live managed by a CI system (We have TeamCity in house for our .NET applications). My question is on how to manage the releases of multiple changes where some will be signed off and moved on and others rejected and returned to the developer. The changes may be on overlapping files and simply merging each release in to a Release Branch means that the rejected changes would have to be backed out of the branch. Is there a way to manage this using SVN and CI or will I simply have to live with the current system.

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  • Updating Workflow Task without Correlation Token

    - by Khurram Aziz
    I have inhertied a sequential sharepoint workflow which deals with multiple tasks for different people; multi step approval based on certain condition..For each approval new task is created and monitored...For some reason; we have decided to use single task for the whole workflow and the single task will get assigned to required person at different stages...this will help us reduce the cluter in the task list For refactoring it; I am trying to create "CreateOrUpdateTaskAndWaitForCompletition" activity...so that I can use this component multiple times as per given workflow. Create/Wait branch of my activity works fine; as I have the correlation token within the activity. But when I try two instances of this activity; task is created in first activity and it needs to be updated in second instance where I dont have the correlation token. In the second instance; (Update/Wait branch) I have tried updating the task through code activity but its not working and I am getting "This task is currently locked by a running workflow and cannot be edited" exception! Can I use UpdateTask activity without correlation token? Can I programmatically update the workflow task? Can I programmatically unlock the workflow task?

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  • DynamicJasper font encoding problem

    - by user266956
    Hello All, I'm new to DynamicJasper, I think it's a great project but for a few days I cannot run simple example which will display polish fonts properly. Details sections is generated without any problems automatically displaying polish letters like 'c z z a' etc. where title and column headers contain strange letters instead. I was trying to do the following, but it doesn't work: FastReportBuilder drb = new FastReportBuilder(); Font font = new Font(25, "SansSerif", "Helvetica", Font.PDF_ENCODING_CP1257_Baltic, true); Style titleStyle = new StyleBuilder(false).setFont(font).build(); DynamicReport dr = drb.addColumn("State", "state", String.class.getName(),30) .addColumn("Branch", "branch", String.class.getName(),30) .addColumn("Product Line", "productLine", String.class.getName(),50) .addGroups(2) .setTitle("November 2008 Zrebie aczc!") .setTitleStyle(titleStyle) .setSubtitle("This report was generated at " + new Date()) .setPrintBackgroundOnOddRows(true) .setUseFullPageWidth(true) .build(); JRDataSource ds = new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(this.simples); JasperPrint jp = DynamicJasperHelper.generateJasperPrint(dr, new ClassicLayoutManager(), ds); JasperViewer.viewReport(jp); //finally display the report report Any help would be highly appreciated as dynamicjasper forums seems to be dead and constantly spammed. Thanks in advance! Kris

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  • How does Visual Studio's source control integration work with Perforce?

    - by Weeble
    We're using Perforce and Visual Studio. Whenever we create a branch, some projects will not be bound to source control unless we use "Open from Source Control", but other projects work regardless. From my investigations, I know some of the things involved: In our .csproj files, there are these settings: <SccProjectName <SccLocalPath <SccAuxPath <SccProvider Sometimes they are all set to "SAK", sometimes not. It seems things are more likely to work if these say "SAK". In our .sln file, there are settings for many of the projects: SccLocalPath# SccProjectFilePathRelativizedFromConnection# SccProjectUniqueName# (The # is a number that identifies each project.) SccLocalPath is a path relative to the solution file. Often it is ".", sometimes it is the folder that the project is in, and sometimes it is ".." or "..\..", and it seems to be bad for it to point to a folder above the solution folder. The relativized one is a path from that folder to the project file. It will be missing entirely if SccLocalPath points to the project's folder. If the SccLocalPath has ".." in it, this path might include folder names that are not the same between branches, which I think causes problems. So, to finally get to the specifics I'd like to know: What happens when you do "Change source control" and bind projects? How does Visual Studio decide what to put in the project and solution files? What happens when you do "Open from source control"? What's this "connection" folder that SccLocalPath and SccProjectFilePathRelativizedFromConnection refer to? How does Visual Studio/Perforce pick it? Is there some recommended way to make the source control bindings continue to work even when you create a new branch of the solution?

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  • In Mercurial, what is the exact step that Peter or me has to do so that he gets back the rolled back

    - by Jian Lin
    The short question is: if I hg rollback, how does Peter get my rolled back version if he cloned from me? What are the exact steps he or me has to do or type? This is related to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3034793/in-mercurial-when-peter-hg-clone-me-and-i-commit-and-he-pull-and-update-he-g The details: After the following steps, Mary has 7 and Peter has 11. My repository is 7 What are the exact steps Peter or me has to do or type SO THAT PETER GETS 7 back? F:\>mkdir hgme F:\>cd hgme F:\hgme>hg init F:\hgme>echo the code is 7 > code.txt F:\hgme>hg add code.txt F:\hgme>hg commit -m "this is version 1" F:\hgme>cd .. F:\>hg clone hgme hgpeter updating to branch default 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\>cd hgpeter F:\hgpeter>type code.txt the code is 7 F:\hgpeter>cd .. F:\>cd hgme F:\hgme>notepad code.txt [now i change 7 to 11] F:\hgme>hg commit -m "this is version 2" F:\hgme>cd .. F:\>cd hgpeter F:\hgpeter>hg pull pulling from f:\hgme searching for changes adding changesets adding manifests adding file changes added 1 changesets with 1 changes to 1 files (run 'hg update' to get a working copy) F:\hgpeter>hg update 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\hgpeter>type code.txt the code is 11 F:\hgpeter>cd .. F:\>cd hgme F:\hgme>hg rollback rolling back last transaction F:\hgme>cd .. F:\>hg clone hgme hgmary updating to branch default 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\>cd hgmary F:\hgmary>type code.txt the code is 7 F:\hgmary>cd .. F:\>cd hgpeter F:\hgpeter>hg pull pulling from f:\hgme searching for changes no changes found F:\hgpeter>hg update 0 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\hgpeter>type code.txt the code is 11 F:\hgpeter>

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  • Git branching / rebasing good practices

    - by Pawel Krupinski
    I have a following scenario: 3 branches: - Master - MyBranch branched off Master for the purpose of developing a new feature of the system - MyBranchLocal branched off MyBranch as my local copy of the branch MyBranch is being rebased against and pushed to by other developers (who are working on the same feature as I am). As the owner of the MyBranch branch I want to keep it in sync with Master by rebasing. I also need to merge the changes I make to MyBranchLocal with MyBranch. What is a good way to do that? Couple of possible scenarios I tried so far: I. 1. Commit change to MyBranchLocal 2. Rebase MyBranch against Master 3. Rebase MyBranchLocal against MyBranch 4. Merge MyBranch with MyBranchLocal II. 1. Commit change to MyBranchLocal 2. Merge MyBranch with MyBranchLocal 3. Rebase MyBranch against Master 4. Rebase MyBranchLocal against MyBranch III. 1. Commit change to MyBranchLocal 2. Rebase MyBranch against Master 3. Merge MyBranch with MyBranchLocal 4. Rebase MyBranchLocal against MyBranch I already know that scenario III seems to be messing the commit history up a lot, potentially duplicating commits. What is your experience? What scenarios do you recommend?

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  • How to get local bzr commits to server?

    - by C.W.Holeman II
    lanchpad.net states that for project Emle - Electronic Mathematics Laboratory Equipment 2.0 series is the current focus of development This is what I have done so far: Set the launchpad.net project to import from the sourceforge.net project Emle (this actually set the launchpad.net project to mirror the sourceforge.net project rather than just inport the content once) Examined the launchpad.net project to see that the three commits (#1 - #3) which were done in the sourceorge.net project previousley made it into launchpad.net. Used bzrto get the launchpad.net project which I did while is was still set for mirroring. Made three changes and commits using bzr (#4 - #6). Was unable to see the changes on the launchpad.net site. Requested the mirroring to be stopped (it did). Here is an extract from lanchpad.net for project Emle 2.0 series showing that launchpad.net has #1 - #3: Code for this series The following branch has been registered as the mainline branch for this release series: lp:emle - C.W.Holeman II 3 revisions, 3 in the past month. Here on my system showing changes #1 - #6: $ bzr log --line 6: C.W.Holeman II 2010-02-27 #528096 Corrected setting of paramter value for emleDi... 5: C.W.Holeman II 2010-02-27 Minor refactor - improved comment regarding workaround... 4: C.W.Holeman II 2010-02-27 #529089 #529087 Index file html tag lang attribute cor... 3: cwhii 2010-02-25 {Emle 2.4-5 (BL0011)} New top levels: trunk and tags. 2: cwhii 2010-02-25 New top levels: trunk and tags. 1: cwhii 2010-02-25 New top level trunk and tags. How do I get the changes that are in bzr on my system to apply to launchpad.net?

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  • Why does my Workflow Service (4.0) variable go null in a DoWhile Activity?

    - by jlafay
    I have a WF service that I'm trying to setup receive activities to "Subscribe" and "Unsubscribe". I'm using This WF Durable Duplex Tutorial as a basis because my service performs callbacks to clients. Basically, think of it as a chat service. I can make client calls to the two receive activities just fine. What happens is the callback address of the client is passed in to Subscribe() on the service. The address is stored as a variable in the WF service and everything looks like it would work as to be expected. When a client calls Unsubscribe(), my watch I have set on the address var during debugging shows it as null. So what gives? Here's the basic setup of my WF service layout... Everything is enveloped in a DoWhile activity. Inside of that is a Pick activity and two Pick branches. The first branch is for subscribing activities. It has a receive-sendreply activity that assigns the string passed by the client to the WF address var. The second branch handles unsubscribing. The trigger is the Request activity and the client address is again passed in. From there it goes into a sequence, starting with an If. It checks to see if the unsubscribeAddress equals the address already subscribed. If it does, then it sets the address to String.Empty and sends a success message back to the client. Why would a variable that's scoped to the enveloping DoWhile activity be implicitly assigned to null? I'm trying to get this to work so I can implement multiple client subscribers from there and work on triggers that invoke callbacks to multiple clients. CONCAT EDIT: I set a breakpoint at the DoWhile level and my var is null once Unsubscribe() is called. When Subscribe() is invoked, the watch shows a value in the var all the way through. Until I Unsubscribe() with a client. Should I be using a While Activity instead?

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  • Inserting instructions into method.

    - by Alix
    Hi, (First of all, this is a very lengthy post, but don't worry: I've already implemented all of it, I'm just asking your opinion.) I'm having trouble implementing the following; I'd appreciate some help: I get a Type as parameter. I define a subclass using reflection. Notice that I don't intend to modify the original type, but create a new one. I create a property per field of the original class, like so: [- ignore this text here; I had to add something or the formatting wouldn't work <-] public class OriginalClass { private int x; } public class Subclass : OriginalClass { private int x; public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value; } } } [This is number 4! Numbered lists don't work if you add code in between; sorry] For every method of the superclass, I create an analogous method in the subclass. The method's body must be the same except that I replace the instructions ldfld x with callvirt this.get_X, that is, instead of reading from the field directly I call the get accessor. I'm having trouble with step 4. I know you're not supposed to manipulate code like this, but I really need to. Here's what I've tried: Attempt #1: Use Mono.Cecil. This would allow me to parse the body of the method into human-readable Instructions, and easily replace instructions. However, the original type isn't in a .dll file, so I can't find a way to load it with Mono.Cecil. Writing the type to a .dll, then load it, then modify it and write the new type to disk (which I think is the way you create a type with Mono.Cecil), and then load it seems like a huge overhead. Attempt #2: Use Mono.Reflection. This would also allow me to parse the body into Instructions, but then I have no support for replacing instructions. I've implemented a very ugly and inefficient solution using Mono.Reflection, but it doesn't yet support methods that contain try-catch statements (although I guess I can implement this) and I'm concerned that there may be other scenarios in which it won't work, since I'm using the ILGenerator in a somewhat unusual way. Also, it's very ugly ;). Here's what I've done: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo) { // Create a method with the same signature. ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); // Declare the same local variables as in the original method. IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } // Get readable instructions. IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); // I first need to define labels for every instruction in case I // later find a jump to that instruction. Once the instruction has // been emitted I cannot label it, so I'll need to do it in advance. // Since I'm doing a first pass on the method's body anyway, I could // instead just create labels where they are truly needed, but for // now I'm using this quick fix. Dictionary<int, Label> labels = new Dictionary<int, Label>(); foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { labels[instr.Offset] = ilGen.DefineLabel(); } foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { // Mark this instruction with a label, in case there's a branch // instruction that jumps here. ilGen.MarkLabel(labels[instr.Offset]); // If this is the instruction that I want to replace (ldfld x)... if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { // ...get the get accessor for the accessed field (get_X()) // (I have the accessors in a dictionary; this isn't relevant), MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; // ...instead of emitting the original instruction (ldfld x), // emit a call to the get accessor, ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, safeReadAccessor); // Else (it's any other instruction), reemit the instruction, unaltered. } else { Reemit(instr, ilGen, labels); } } } And here comes the horrible, horrible Reemit method: private void Reemit(Instruction instr, ILGenerator ilGen, Dictionary<int, Label> labels) { // If the instruction doesn't have an operand, emit the opcode and return. if (instr.Operand == null) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode); return; } // Else (it has an operand)... // If it's a branch instruction, retrieve the corresponding label (to // which we want to jump), emit the instruction and return. if (instr.OpCode.FlowControl == FlowControl.Branch) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, labels[Int32.Parse(instr.Operand.ToString())]); return; } // Otherwise, simply emit the instruction. I need to use the right // Emit call, so I need to cast the operand to its type. Type operandType = instr.Operand.GetType(); if (typeof(byte).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (byte) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(double).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (double) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(float).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (float) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(int).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (int) instr.Operand); ... // you get the idea. This is a pretty long method, all like this. } Branch instructions are a special case because instr.Operand is SByte, but Emit expects an operand of type Label. Hence the need for the Dictionary labels. As you can see, this is pretty horrible. What's more, it doesn't work in all cases, for instance with methods that contain try-catch statements, since I haven't emitted them using methods BeginExceptionBlock, BeginCatchBlock, etc, of ILGenerator. This is getting complicated. I guess I can do it: MethodBody has a list of ExceptionHandlingClause that should contain the necessary information to do this. But I don't like this solution anyway, so I'll save this as a last-resort solution. Attempt #3: Go bare-back and just copy the byte array returned by MethodBody.GetILAsByteArray(), since I only want to replace a single instruction for another single instruction of the same size that produces the exact same result: it loads the same type of object on the stack, etc. So there won't be any labels shifting and everything should work exactly the same. I've done this, replacing specific bytes of the array and then calling MethodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(byte[], int), but I still get the same error with exceptions, and I still need to declare the local variables or I'll get an error... even when I simply copy the method's body and don't change anything. So this is more efficient but I still have to take care of the exceptions, etc. Sigh. Here's the implementation of attempt #3, in case anyone is interested: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo, Dictionary<string, MethodInfo[]> dataMembersSafeAccessors, ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder) { ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } byte[] rawInstructions = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().GetILAsByteArray(); IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); int k = 0; foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; byte[] bytes = toByteArray(OpCodes.Callvirt.Value); for (int m = 0; m < OpCodes.Callvirt.Size; m++) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[put.Length - 1 - m]; } bytes = toByteArray(moduleBuilder.GetMethodToken(safeReadAccessor).Token); for (int m = instr.Size - OpCodes.Ldfld.Size - 1; m >= 0; m--) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[m]; } } else { k += instr.Size; } } methodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(rawInstructions, rawInstructions.Length); } private static byte[] toByteArray(int intValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(intValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } private static byte[] toByteArray(short shortValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(shortValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } (I know it isn't pretty. Sorry. I put it quickly together to see if it would work.) I don't have much hope, but can anyone suggest anything better than this? Sorry about the extremely lengthy post, and thanks.

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  • How should I setup my Visual Studio projects/solutions in a Mercurial repository?

    - by Dave A
    At my company we have a few different web apps that each share some common libraries. The Visual Studio setup looks like this. Website 1 Solution Website 1 Shared Library 1 Project Shared Library 2 Project Website 2 Solution Website 2 Shared Library 1 Project Shared Library 2 Project Windows Service Solution Windows Service Project Shared Library 1 Project Shared Library 2 Project Shared Library Solution Shared Library 1 Project Shared Library 2 Project All Projects Solution Website 1 Website 2 Windows Service Project Shared Library 1 Project Shared Library 2 Project We want to start using Mercurial for source control, but I'm still not sure the best way to do it. From what I've read you're supposed to use a separate repository for each project. No problem there, but where do the Visual Studio solution files (.sln) go? Should there be a separate repository with just an .sln file? Ideally the projects that use the shared libraries should all use the same version, and the solution "All Projects Solution" should build without errors, but sometimes we need to branch the shared libraries. What is the best way to do this, and how would the repositories be setup? How do I get a working copy of a certain branch/tag of the Website 1 solution when every project is in a separate repository. Do I have to pull each one separately, or write a script to do it all at once? Can tortoise hg do that for me? Any other tips to make this process easier?

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  • Pushing to bare Git repository (remote) causes it to stop being bare

    - by NSD
    I have a local repository called TestRepo. I clone it with the --bare option, zip this clone up, and throw it on my server. Unzip it, and it's still bare. I then clone the bare remote repository locally over ssh with something like git clone ssh://[email protected]/~/TestRepo.git TestRepoCloned The local TestRepoCloned is not bare and has a remote called "origin." It appears to be tracking correctly from the looks of its config file [core] repositoryformatversion = 0 filemode = true bare = false logallrefupdates = true ignorecase = true [remote "origin"] fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* url = ssh://[email protected]/~/TestRepo.git [branch "master"] remote = origin merge = refs/heads/master I edit an existing file. I commit the change to the current branch (master) via git commit -a -m "Edited a file." The commit succeeds and all is well. I decide to push this change to the remote repository via SSH with a git push The remote repository is now no longer bare, but has a complete working directory, and I get continuous error messages on all further attempts to push to it. Everything I've read seems to suggest that what I'm doing is correct, but it simply is not working. How am I supposed to push changes to a bare remote repo and actually keep it bare?

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  • Merging: hg/git vs. svn

    - by stmax
    I often read that hg (and git and...) are better at merging than svn but I have never seen practical examples of where hg/git can merge something where svn fails (or where svn needs manual intervention). Could you post a few step-by-step lists of branch/modify/commit/...-operations that show where svn would fail while hg/git happily moves on? Practical, not highly exceptional cases please... Some background: we have a few dozen developers working on projects using svn, with each project (or group of similar projects) in its own repo. We know how to apply release- and feature-branches so we don't run into problems very often (i.e. we've been there, but we've learned to overcome joel's problems of "one programmer causing trauma to the whole team" or "needing six developers for two weeks to reintegrate a branch"). We have release-branches that are very stable and only used to apply bugfixes. We have trunks that should be stable enough to be able to create a release within one week. And we have feature-branches that single developers or groups of developers can work on. Yes, they are deleted after reintegration so they don't clutter up the repository. ;) So I'm still trying to find the advantages of hg/git over svn. I'd love to get some hands-on experience, but there aren't any bigger projects we could move to hg/git yet, so I'm stuck with playing with small artifical projects that only contain a few made up files. And I'm looking for a few cases where you can feel the impressive power of hg/git, since so far I have often read about them but failed to find them myself.

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  • How to pull one commit at a time from a remote git repository?

    - by Norman Ramsey
    I'm trying to set up a darcs mirror of a git repository. I have something that works OK, but there's a significant problem: if I push a whole bunch of commits to the git repo, those commits get merged into a single darcs patchset. I really want to make sure each git commit gets set up as a single darcs patchset. I bet this is possible by doing some kind of git fetch followed by interrogation of the local copy of the remote branch, but my git fu is not up to the job. Here's the (ksh) code I'm using now, more or less: git pull -v # pulls all the commits from remote --- bad! # gets information about only the last commit pulled -- bad! author="$(git log HEAD^..HEAD --pretty=format:"%an <%ae>")" logfile=$(mktemp) git log HEAD^..HEAD --pretty=format:"%s%n%b%n" > $logfile # add all new files to darcs and record a patchset. this part is OK darcs add -q --umask=0002 -r . darcs record -a -A "$author" --logfile="$logfile" darcs push -a rm -f $logfile My idea is Try git fetch to get local copy of the remote branch (not sure exactly what arguments are needed) Somehow interrogate the local copy to get a hash for every commit since the last mirroring operation (I have no idea how to do this) Loop through all the hashes, pulling just that commit and recording the associated patchset (I'm pretty sure I know how to do this if I get my hands on the hash) I'd welcome either help fleshing out the scenario above or suggestions about something else I should try. Ideas?

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  • Running bundle install fails trying to remote fetch from rubygems.org/quick/Marshal...

    - by dreeves
    I'm getting a strange error when doing bundle install: $ bundle install Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/ rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2010.02/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb:304 :in `open_uri_or_path': bad response Not Found 404 (http://rubygems.org/quick/Marshal.4.8/resque-scheduler-1.09.7.gemspec.rz) (Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError) I've tried bundle update, gem source -c, gem update --system, gem cleanup, etc etc. Nothing seems to solve this. I notice that the URL beginning with http://rubygems.org/quick does seem to be a 404 -- I don't think that's any problem with my network, though if that's reachable for anyone else then that would be a simple explanation for my problem. More hints: If I just gem install resque-scheduler it works fine: $ gem install resque-scheduler Successfully installed resque-scheduler-1.9.7 1 gem installed Installing ri documentation for resque-scheduler-1.9.7... Installing RDoc documentation for resque-scheduler-1.9.7... And here's my Gemfile: source 'http://rubygems.org' gem 'json' gem 'rails', '>=3.0.0' gem 'mongo' gem 'mongo_mapper', :git => 'git://github.com/jnunemaker/mongomapper', :branch => 'rails3' gem 'bson_ext', '1.1' gem 'bson', '1.1' gem 'mm-multi-parameter-attributes', :git=>'git://github.com/rlivsey/mm-multi-parameter-attributes.git' gem 'devise', '~>1.1.3' gem 'devise_invitable', '~> 0.3.4' gem 'devise-mongo_mapper', :git => 'git://github.com/collectiveidea/devise-mongo_mapper' gem 'carrierwave', :git => 'git://github.com/rsofaer/carrierwave.git' , :branch => 'master' gem 'mini_magick' gem 'jquery-rails', '>= 0.2.6' gem 'resque' gem 'resque-scheduler' gem 'SystemTimer' gem 'capistrano' gem 'will_paginate', '3.0.pre2' gem 'twitter', '~> 1.0.0' gem 'oauth', '~> 0.4.4'

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  • Excel VBA Macro for Pivot Table with Dynamic Data Range

    - by John Ziebro
    CODE IS WORKING! THANKS FOR THE HELP! I am attempting to create a dynamic pivot table that will work on data that varies in the number of rows. Currently, I have 28,300 rows, but this may change daily. Example of data format as follows: Case Number Branch Driver 1342 NYC Bob 4532 PHL Jim 7391 CIN John 8251 SAN John 7211 SAN Mary 9121 CLE John 7424 CIN John Example of finished table: Driver NYC PHL CIN SAN CLE Bob 1 0 0 0 0 Jim 0 1 0 0 0 John 0 0 2 1 1 Mary 0 0 0 1 0 Code as follows: Sub CreateSummaryReportUsingPivot() ' Use a Pivot Table to create a static summary report ' with model going down the rows and regions across Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim PTCache As PivotCache Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Dim FinalCol As Long Set WSD = Worksheets("PivotTable") 'Name active worksheet as "PivotTable" ActiveSheet.Name = "PivotTable" ' Delete any prior pivot tables For Each PT In WSD.PivotTables PT.TableRange2.Clear Next PT ' Define input area and set up a Pivot Cache FinalRow = WSD.Cells(Application.Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row FinalCol = WSD.Cells(1, Application.Columns.Count). _ End(xlToLeft).Column Set PRange = WSD.Cells(1, 1).Resize(FinalRow, FinalCol) Set PTCache = ActiveWorkbook.PivotCaches.Add(SourceType:= _ xlDatabase, SourceData:=PRange) ' Create the Pivot Table from the Pivot Cache Set PT = PTCache.CreatePivotTable(TableDestination:=WSD. _ Cells(2, FinalCol + 2), TableName:="PivotTable1") ' Turn off updating while building the table PT.ManualUpdate = True ' Set up the row fields PT.AddFields RowFields:="Driver", ColumnFields:="Branch" ' Set up the data fields With PT.PivotFields("Case Number") .Orientation = xlDataField .Function = xlCount .Position = 1 End With With PT .ColumnGrand = False .RowGrand = False .NullString = "0" End With ' Calc the pivot table PT.ManualUpdate = False PT.ManualUpdate = True End Sub

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