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• Calculating the pixel size of a string with Python

  - by Aristide

  I have a Python script which needs to calculate the exact size of arbitrary strings displayed in arbitrary fonts in order to generate simple diagrams. I can easily do it with Tkinter. The problem is the results seem to depend on the version of Python and/or the system. import Tkinter as tk import tkFont root = tk.Tk() times12 = tkFont.Font(family="times",size=12) print times12.metrics("linespace"), print times12.measure("Hello world") times24 = tkFont.Font(family="times",size=24) print times24.metrics("linespace"), print times24.measure("Hello world") Python 2.5 on Mac OS X gives the actual pixel measurements: 12 57 24 116 Python 2.6.1 on Mac OS X gives: 14 58 27 115 Python 2.6.3 on Windows XP gives: 19 71 36 154 Such a need being quite common, I suspect I did something wrong. Any idea?

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• Why is Decimal('0') > 9999.0 True in Python?

  - by parxier

  This is somehow related to my question Why is ''0 True in Python? In Python 2.6.4: >> Decimal('0') > 9999.0 True From the answer to my original question I understand that when comparing objects of different types in Python 2.x the types are ordered by their name. But in this case: >> type(Decimal('0')).__name__ > type(9999.0).__name__ False Why is Decimal('0') > 9999.0 == True then? UPDATE: I usually work on Ubuntu (Linux 2.6.31-20-generic #57-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 8 09:05:19 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux, Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2). On Windows (WinXP Professional SP3, Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Nov 3 2009, 13:23:17) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32) my original statement works differently: >> Decimal('0') > 9999.0 False I even more puzzled now. %-(

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• Running python batch file that has a path

  - by prosseek

  The batch file is something like this, I put the python in some directory that has SPACE character in its path. C:\"Documents and Settings"\Administrator\Desktop\bracket\python\python C:\\"Documents and Settings"\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bracket\\[10,20]\\brackettest.py When I run this one, I get this error. C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\bracket\python\python: can't ope n file 'C:\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bracket\\[10,20]\\bra ckettest.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\bracket What might be wrong? Wrapping the path doesn't solve this problem. "C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bracket\\[10,20]\\brackettest.py"

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• Importing Classes Within a Module

  - by CodeJoust

  Currently, I have a parser with multiple classes that work together. For Instance: TreeParser creates multiple Product and Reactant modules which in turn create multiple Element classes. The TreeParser is called by a render method within the same module, which is called from the importer. Currently, using the class name in the imported module file works only if the file calling the module contains from module_name import *, so the classes are imported into the main namespace. Finally, if the package has dependencies (such as re and another another module within the same folder), where is the best place to require those modules? Within the __init__.py file or within the module itself? I don't really want to add the module name in front of every call to the class, in case I do call import *, however, is it possible to use a variable name of the current module to call the class, or use a workaround in the __init__.py file? I'm probably used to the ruby require '' method instead of python's module system.

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• Python, Raspberry, and Arduino Communication

  - by user2924156

  I have been working with my Raspberry, Arduino and applying some Python to make them communicate. I also installed pyserial. If I use IDLE and try the following I get my expected results. >>> import serial >>> ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0',115200) >>> ser.write('x:1\n') 8 >>> ser.readline() 'X:1\r\n' If I write a python scrip and run it I don't get anything back. Here is my python script. import serial ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0', 115200) ser.write('!x:1\n') ser.readline() I am new to Python so looking for some help to understand they this works in IDLE but not as a python script run from terminal. Thanks.

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• ctypes import not working on python 2.5

  - by user551906

  Hi, I am trying to import ctypes, and I am using Python 2.5.5 installed using macports (on Mac OS X 10.6). I get an error saying "ImportError: No module named _ctypes" (see details below). As I understand it ctypes is supposed to come preinstalled for python 2.5. Any suggestions? thanks, Saurabh Error details: $ python Python 2.5.5 (r255:77872, Nov 30 2010, 00:05:47) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5659)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. import ctypes Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/ctypes/init.py", line 10, in from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array ImportError: No module named _ctypes

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• Update Params in Python During Infinite Loop

  - by python Dude

  Hello, I was hoping to get some help on a question. I have an infinite loop that I need run and I need to update a set of variables (x in this case) at random times from the command-line. Is there any way to do this? For example: x = 0 while True: x = x + 1 if x < 30: do something and I need to update x's value from the command-line periodically

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• Realtime processing and callbacks with Python and C++

  - by Doughy

  I need to write code to do some realtime processing that is fairly computationally complex. I would like to create some Python classes to manage all my scripting, and leave the intensive parts of the algorithm coded in C++ so that they can run as fast as possible. I would like to instantiate the objects in Python, and have the C++ algorithms chime back into the script with callbacks in python. Something like: myObject = MyObject() myObject.setCallback(myCallback) myObject.run() def myCallback(val): """Do something with the value passed back to the python script.""" pass Will this be possible? How can I run a callback in python from a loop that is running in a C++ module? Anyone have a link or a tutorial to help me do this correctly?

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• Projects to learn Python

  - by Andrew

  I know this isn't a question about a specific snippet of code or anything, but here goes - I've been messing around with the idea of learning Python since I'm pretty bored with PHP (and web development in general), but I can't think of any projects to help me learn. I've already worked through some of Project Euler with Python, but it's getting old. I know the basics, and I want to write something more fun that will introduce me to new things in Python. Is there a cliche beginner project for Python? (for example, PHP's would be a blog or something similiar) Are there any common Python projects for newcomers, or any uncommon ones that you'd suggest? Any ideas would help.

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• SWIG: Throwing exceptions from Python to C++

  - by wheaties

  We've got an interface we've defined in C++ (abstract class, all functions pure virtual) which will be extended in Python. To overcome the cross-language polymorphism issues we're planning on using SWIG directors. I've read how to catch exceptions thrown from C++ code in our Python code here, here, here, and even on SO. It's fairly straight forward and I'm not expecting issues with handling our library's own exceptions. What I'd like to know and can't seem to find in the documentation is how to have our Python implementation of the extended C++ interface throw those C++ exceptions in a way that makes them visible to the C++ code. We could make small functions within the *.i files such that each function throws our exceptions: void throw_myException(){ throw MyException; } but I'm wondering how it will interact with the Python code. Anyone have any experience with throwing C++ exceptions from Python code?

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• Google App Engine Python Datastore

  - by python appengine

  Basically what Im trying to make is a data structure where it has the users name, id, and datejoined. Then i want a "sub-structure" where it has the users "text" and the date it was modified. and the user will have multiple instances of this text. class User(db.Model): ID = db.IntegerProperty() name = db.StringProperty() datejoined = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) class Content(db.Model): text = db.StringProperty() datemod= db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add = True) Is the code set up correctly?

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• HTML5 : Microsoft sort deux modules Websocket et IndexedDB pour IE9 et tester ces standards "encore instables"

  HTML5 : Microsoft propose des modules pour Websocket et IndexedDB Installables sur la bêta d'Internet Explorer 9 Microsoft vient de lancer un site dédié aux standards HTML5 ouverts, une manière de permettre aux développeurs d'expérimenter des standards qui ne seront pas intégrés à Internet Explorer avant leur finalisation par le W3C. Une approche qui se veut plus prudente et pragmatique que celles de ces concurrents, qui n'hésitent pas, eux, à implémenter - au moins partiellement - des standards en gestation dans les versions grand public de leurs navigateurs. Appelé HTML5 Labs, ce nouveau site propose, pour ses débuts, deux modules. Le premier est le...

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• Azure Mobile Services: available modules

  - by svdoever

  Azure Mobile Services has documented a set of objects available in your Azure Mobile Services server side scripts at their documentation page Mobile Services server script reference. Although the documented list is a nice list of objects for the common things you want to do, it will be sooner than later that you will look for more functionality to be included in your script, especially with the new provided feature that you can now create your custom API’s. If you use GIT it is now possible to add any NPM module (node package manager module, say the NuGet of the node world), but why include a module if it is already available out of the box. And you can only use GIT with Azure Mobile Services if you are an administrator on your Azure Mobile Service, not if you are a co-administrator (will be solved in the future). Until now I did some trial and error experimentation to test if a certain module was available. This is easiest to do as follows:   Create a custom API, for example named experiment. In this API use the following code: exports.get = function (request, response) { var module = "nonexistingmodule"; var m = require(module); response.send(200, "Module '%s' found.", module); }; You can now test your service with the following request in your browser: https://yourservice.azure-mobile.net/api/experiment If you get the result: {"code":500,"error":"Error: Internal Server Error"} you know that the module does not exist. In your logs you will find the following error: Error in script '/api/experiment.json'. Error: Cannot find module 'nonexistingmodule' [external code] atC:\DWASFiles\Sites\yourservice\VirtualDirectory0\site\wwwroot\App_Data\config\scripts\api\experiment.js:3:13[external code] If you require an existing (undocumented) module like the OAuth module in the following code, you will get success as a result: exports.get = function (request, response) { var module = "oauth"; var m = require(module); response.send(200, "Module '" + module + "' found."); }; If we look at the standard node.js documentation we see an extensive list of modules that can be used from your code. If we look at the list of files available in the Azure Mobile Services platform as documented in the blog post Azure Mobile Services: what files does it consist of? we see a folder node_modules with many more modules are used to build the Azure Mobile Services functionality on, but that can also be utilized from your server side node script code: apn - An interface to the Apple Push Notification service for Node.js. dpush - Send push notifications to Android devices using GCM. mpns - A Node.js interface to the Microsoft Push Notification Service (MPNS) for Windows Phone. wns - Send push notifications to Windows 8 devices using WNS. pusher - Node library for the Pusher server API (see also: http://pusher.com/) azure - Windows Azure Client Library for node. express - Sinatra inspired web development framework. oauth - Library for interacting with OAuth 1.0, 1.0A, 2 and Echo. Provides simplified client access and allows for construction of more complex apis and OAuth providers. request - Simplified HTTP request client. sax - An evented streaming XML parser in JavaScript sendgrid - A NodeJS implementation of the SendGrid Api. sqlserver – In node repository known as msnodesql - Microsoft Driver for Node.js for SQL Server. tripwire - Break out from scripts blocking node.js event loop. underscore - JavaScript's functional programming helper library. underscore.string - String manipulation extensions for Underscore.js javascript library. xml2js - Simple XML to JavaScript object converter. xmlbuilder - An XML builder for node.js. As stated before, many of these modules are used to provide the functionality of Azure Mobile Services platform, and in general should not be used directly. On the other hand, I needed OAuth badly to authenticate to the new v1.1 services of Twitter, and was very happy that a require('oauth') and a few lines of code did the job. Based on the above modules and a lot of code in the other javascript files in the Azure Mobile Services platform a set of global objects is provided that can be used from your server side node.js script code. In future blog posts I will go into more details with respect to how this code is built-up, all starting at the node.js express entry point app.js.

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• Choice of node.js modules to demo flexibility

  - by John K

  I'm putting together a presentation to talk about and demo node.js to client-side JavaScript developers. The language concepts and syntax are not an issue for them, so instead I'd like to get right into things and show off node's abilities that differ from client-side scripting. There are numerous modules available in the NPM registry and many people have much more experience with the registry than I do. I'm looking for a selection of node modules based on recommendations from your experience that show a variety of uses for node that are practical, broadly useful and can be demonstrated with a small code sample without requiring much domain knowledge on behalf of the audience. Neat and impressive is good too - I can throw in a couple of shock and awe items for cool factor. To be fair, top-voted answers will get most consideration for inclusion. My hope is this will result in a well-rounded demonstration of node technology.

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• HTML5 : Microsoft propose des modules pour Websocket et IndexedDB installables sur la bêta d'Internet Explorer 9

  HTML5 : Microsoft propose des modules pour Websocket et IndexedDB Installables sur la bêta d'Internet Explorer 9 Microsoft vient de lancer un site dédié aux standards HTML5 ouverts, une manière de permettre aux développeurs d'expérimenter des standards qui ne seront pas intégrés à Internet Explorer avant leur finalisation par le W3C. Une approche qui se veut plus prudente et pragmatique que celles de ces concurrents, qui n'hésitent pas, eux, à implémenter - au moins partiellement - des standards en gestation dans les versions grand public de leurs navigateurs. Appelé HTML5 Labs, ce nouveau site propose, pour ses débuts, deux modules. Le premier est le...

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• How do I stop Python install on Mac OS X from putting things in my home directory?

  - by Rob

  Hi, I'm trying to install Python from source on my Mac. (OS X 10.6.2, Python-2.6.5.tar.bz2) I've done this before and it was easy, but for some reason, this time after ./configure, and make, the sudo make install puts things some things in my home directory instead of in /usr/local/... where I expect. The .py files are okay, but not the .so files... RobsMac Python-2.6.5 $ sudo make install [...] /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Lib/anydbm.py /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Lib/ast.py /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Lib/asynchat.py /usr/local/lib/python2.6 [...] running build_scripts running install_lib creating /Users/rob/Library/Python creating /Users/rob/Library/Python/2.6 creating /Users/rob/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages copying build/lib.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.6/_AE.so - /Users/rob/Library/ Python/2.6/site-packages copying build/lib.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.6/_AH.so - /Users/rob/Library/ Python/2.6/site-packages copying build/lib.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.6/_App.so - /Users/rob/Library/ Python/2.6/site-packages [...] Later, this causes imports that require those .so files to fail. For example... RobsMac Python-2.6.5 $ python Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 28 2010, 13:40:18) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646) (dot 1)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import zlib Traceback (most recent call last):     File "", line 1, in ImportError: No module named zlib Any ideas what is wrong? thanks, Rob

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• Self Modifying Python? How can I redirect all print statements within a function without touching sys.stdout?

  - by Fake Name

  I have a situation where I am attempting to port some big, complex python routines to a threaded environment. I want to be able to, on a per-call basis, redirect the output from the function's print statement somewhere else (a logging.Logger to be specific). I really don't want to modify the source for the code I am compiling, because I need to maintain backwards compatibility with other software that calls these modules (which is single threaded, and captures output by simply grabbing everything written to sys.stdout). I know the best option is to do some rewriting, but I really don't have a choice here. Edit - Alternatively, is there any way I can override the local definition of print to point to a different function? I could then define the local print = system print unless overwritten by a kwarg, and would only involve modify a few lines at the beginning of each routine.

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• Updating modules on VPS hosted under OpenVZ

  - by tertle

  Been trying to install OpenVPN on a VPS but come into a few problems when trying to start the openvpn server: Service deferred error: IPTablesServiceBase: failed to run iptables-restore [status=1]: ['FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.18-028stab070.14/modules.dep: No such file or directory', 'FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.18-028stab070.14/modules.dep: No such file or directory', 'iptables-restore: line 46 failed']: internet/base:1175,internet/base:752,internet/process:45,internet/process:306,internet/_baseprocess:48,internet/process:775,internet/_baseprocess:60,svc/pp:116,svc/svcnotify:26,internet/defer:238,internet/defer:307,internet/defer:323,sagent/ipts:105,sagent/ipts:39,util/error:52,util/error:32 service failed to start due to unresolved dependencies: set(['user', 'iptables_openvpn']) service failed to start due to unresolved dependencies: set(['user', 'iptables_openvpn']) service failed to start due to unresolved dependencies: set(['iptables_openvpn']) Anyway so after a bit of playing around and some advice, I found that the Linux kernel and modules don't match on my server. uname -r returns 2.6.18-028stab070.14 and ls /lib/modules returns 2.6.18-028stab070.7 The server is running OpenVZ and my container uses Ubuntu 9.10. So my question is, is it possible for me to update my modules on a VPS and if so how would I do this, or is this something I'll need to try get my host to do? Thanks in advance.

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• Python for a hobbyist programmer ( a few questions)

  - by Matt

  I'm a hobbyist programmer (only in TI-Basic before now), and after much, much, much debating with myself, I've decided to learn Python. I don't have a ton of free time to teach myself a hundred languages and all programming I do will be for personal use or for distributing to people who need them, so I decided that I needed one good, strong language to be good at. My questions: Is python powerful enough to handle most things that a typical programmer might do in his off-time? I have in mind things like complex stat generators based on user input for tabletop games, making small games, automate install processes, and build interactive websites, but probably a hundred things along those lines Does python handle networking tasks fairly well? Can python source be obscufated (mispelled I think), or is it going to be open-source by nature? The reason I ask this is because if I make something cool and distribute it, I don't want some idiot script kiddie to edit his own name in and say he wrote it And how popular is python, compared to other languages. Ideally, my language would be good and useful with help found online without extreme difficulty, but not so common that every idiot with computer knows python. I like the idea of knowing a slightly obscure language. Thanks a ton for any help you can provide.

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• Sentiment analysis for twitter in python

  - by Ran

  I'm looking for an open source implementation, preferably in python, of Textual Sentiment Analysis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment_analysis). Is anyone familiar with such open source implementation I can use? I'm writing an application that searches twitter for some search term, say "youtube", and counts "happy" tweets vs. "sad" tweets. I'm using Google's appengine, so it's in python. I'd like to be able to classify the returned search results from twitter and I'd like to do that in python. I haven't been able to find such sentiment analyzer so far, specifically not in python. Are you familiar with such open source implementation I can use? Preferably this is already in python, but if not, hopefully I can translate it to python. Note, the texts I'm analyzing are VERY short, they are tweets. So ideally, this classifier is optimized for such short texts. BTW, twitter does support the ":)" and ":(" operators in search, which aim to do just this, but unfortunately, the classification provided by them isn't that great, so I figured I might give this a try myself. Thanks! BTW, an early demo is here and the code I have so far is here and I'd love to opensource it with any interested developer.

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• What is the most platform- and Python-version-independent way to make a fast loop for use in Python?

  - by Statto

  I'm writing a scientific application in Python with a very processor-intensive loop at its core. I would like to optimise this as far as possible, at minimum inconvenience to end users, who will probably use it as an uncompiled collection of Python scripts, and will be using Windows, Mac, and (mainly Ubuntu) Linux. It is currently written in Python with a dash of NumPy, and I've included the code below. Is there a solution which would be reasonably fast which would not require compilation? This would seem to be the easiest way to maintain platform-independence. If using something like Pyrex, which does require compilation, is there an easy way to bundle many modules and have Python choose between them depending on detected OS and Python version? Is there an easy way to build the collection of modules without needing access to every system with every version of Python? Does one method lend itself particularly to multi-processor optimisation? (If you're interested, the loop is to calculate the magnetic field at a given point inside a crystal by adding together the contributions of a large number of nearby magnetic ions, treated as tiny bar magnets. Basically, a massive sum of these.) # calculate_dipole # ------------------------- # calculate_dipole works out the dipole field at a given point within the crystal unit cell # --- # INPUT # mu = position at which to calculate the dipole field # r_i = array of atomic positions # mom_i = corresponding array of magnetic moments # --- # OUTPUT # B = the B-field at this point def calculate_dipole(mu, r_i, mom_i): relative = mu - r_i r_unit = unit_vectors(relative) #4pi / mu0 (at the front of the dipole eqn) A = 1e-7 #initalise dipole field B = zeros(3,float) for i in range(len(relative)): #work out the dipole field and add it to the estimate so far B += A*(3*dot(mom_i[i],r_unit[i])*r_unit[i] - mom_i[i]) / sqrt(dot(relative[i],relative[i]))**3 return B

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• python-xmpp and looping through list of recipients to receive and IM message

  - by David

  I can't figure out the problem and want some input as to whether my Python code is incorrect, or if this is an issue or design limitation of Python XMPP library. I'm new to Python by the way. Here's snippets of code in question below. What I'd like to do is read in a text file of IM recipients, one recipient per line, in XMPP/Jabber ID format. This is read into a Python list variable. I then instantiate an XMPP client session and loop through the list of recipients and send a message to each recipient. Then sleep some time and repeat test. This is for load testing the IM client of recipients as well as IM server. There is code to alternately handle case of taking only one recipient from command line input instead of from file. What ends up happening is that Python does iterate/loop through the list but only last recipient in list receives message. Switch order of recipients to verify. Kind of looks like Python XMPP library is not sending it out right, or I'm missing a step with the library calls, because the debug print statements during runtime indicate the looping works correctly. recipient = "" delay = 60 useFile = False recList = [] ... elif (sys.argv[i] == '-t'): recipient = sys.argv[i+1] useFile = False elif (sys.argv[i] == '-tf'): fil = open(sys.argv[i+1], 'r') recList = fil.readlines() fil.close() useFile = True ... # disable debug msgs cnx = xmpp.Client(svr,debug=[]) cnx.connect(server=(svr,5223)) cnx.auth(user,pwd,'imbot') cnx.sendInitPresence() while (True): if useFile: for listUser in recList: cnx.send(xmpp.Message(listUser,msg+str(msgCounter))) print "sending to "+listUser+" msg = "+msg+str(msgCounter) else: cnx.send(xmpp.Message(recipient,msg+str(msgCounter))) msgCounter += 1 time.sleep(delay)

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• Check if the internet cannot be accessed in Python

  - by Sridhar Ratnakumar

  I have an app that makes a HTTP GET request to a particular URL on the internet. But when the network is down (say, no public wifi - or my ISP is down, or some such thing), I get the following traceback at urllib.urlopen: 70, in get u = urllib2.urlopen(req) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen return _opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 391, in open response = self._open(req, data) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 409, in _open '_open', req) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 369, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 1161, in http_open return self.do_open(httplib.HTTPConnection, req) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 1136, in do_open raise URLError(err) URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known> I want to print a friendly error to the user telling him that his network maybe down instead of this unfriendly "nodename nor servname provided" error message. Sure I can catch URLError, but that would catch every url error, not just the one related to network downtime. I am not a purist, so even an error message like "The server example.com cannot be reached; either the server is indeed having problems or your network connection is down" would be nice. How do I go about selectively catching such errors? (For a start, if DNS resolution fails at urllib.urlopen, that can be reasonably assumed as network inaccessibility? If so, how do I "catch" it in the except block?)

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• What is Ruby's analog to Python Metaclasses?

  - by Sean Copenhaver

  Python has the idea of metaclasses that, if I understand correctly, allow you to modify an object of a class at the moment of construction. You are not modifying the class, but instead the object that is to be created then initialized. Python (at least as of 3.0 I believe) also has the idea of class decorators. Again if I understand correctly, class decorators allow the modifying of the class definition at the moment it is being declared. Now I believe there is an equivalent feature or features to the class decorator in Ruby, but I'm currently unaware of something equivalent to metaclasses. I'm sure you can easily pump any Ruby object through some functions and do what you will to it, but is there a feature in the language that sets that up like metaclasses do? So again, Does Ruby have something similar to Python's metaclasses? Edit I was off on the metaclasses for Python. A metaclass and a class decorator do very similar things it appears. They both modify the class when it is defined but in different manners. Hopefully a Python guru will come in and explain better on these features in Python. But a class or the parent of a class can implement a __new__(cls[,..]) function that does customize the construction of the object before it is initialized with __init__(self[,..]).

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• python VTE Terminal weirdness

  - by mykhal

  i'm trying to use the terminal from python VTE binding (python-vte from debian squeeze) as a virtual terminal emulator (just for ANSI/control chars text processing) in interactive python console, everything looks (almost) all right: >>> import vte >>> term = vte.Terminal() >>> term.feed("a\nb") >>> print repr(term.get_text(lambda *a: True).rstrip()) 'a\n b' however, launching this code (little modified) as python script, different result is yielded: $ python vte_wiredness_1.py '' strangely enough, pasting the code back into the (new) interactive python session also yields empty string: >>> import vte >>> term = vte.Terminal() >>> term.feed("a\nb") >>> print repr(term.get_text(lambda *a: True).rstrip()) '' >>> first thing caming on my mind was that the only difference between the two cases is the timing - there had to be some delay before get_text. unfortunately, preluding get_text with some seconds sleep did not help then i thought it has something to do with X window environment. but the results are the same pure linux console (with some warning on missing graphics). i wonder what causes such an unpredictable behavior (interactive console - pasted vs typed, and it's not the delay.. ant the interactive console has nothing to do with the vte terminal object.. i guess) can someone explain what is happening? is it possible to use the VTE Term such way? that the "b" letter in the output is preceded by the space, is another strangeness (all consecutive lines are preceded by more spaces.. looks like I have to send carriage return before the string.) (the lambda *a: True get_text method argument i'm using is a dummy callback, it's is some SlotSelectedCallback.. for its explanation i'd be grateful as well :) )

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