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• Installing Ubuntu next to Windows XP

  - by jess

  I have iso image for Ubuntu 11.0.4 on a CD. My OS is windows XP. I have 3 partions c, E and F. Windows is installed on C, and F has data. E is empty drive. Now, after I start installation , I choose the third option. Then click forward and I am shown three figures -- /dev/sda1 52427(total)/50931(used) /dev/sda5 52427(total)/3221(used) -- surprised, since it should be empty. I had used wubi to install earlier but have uninstalled. /dev/sda5 215206(total)/37545(used) Now, it means I need to choose sda5. Now how should I go about creating 3 partions for /(root), /home and /swap. Click edit partion and give size for each of them?

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• How to protect Ruby on Rails code on external server?

  - by Phil Byobu

  I have to deploy a Ruby on Rails Applications on a client's server and I do not want them to be able to view or modify the source code. How would you protect the code technically? I thought about building a linux-based virtual machine with an encrypted filesystem where the application code resides. The client has no root access, or direct access to the system at all. All services start automatically and the application is ready to use. What would you suggest?

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• added shell script to sudoers still getting permission denied

  - by Bill S

  I don't understand this? Other uses of sudo work fine. [oracle@o plugins]$ su Password: [root@ plugins]# su nrpe bash-3.2$ /home/oracle/obiee/instances/instance1/bifoundation/OracleBIApplication/coreapplication/setup/bi-init.sh bash: /home/oracle/obiee/instances/instance1/bifoundation/OracleBIApplication/coreapplication/setup/bi-init.sh: Permission denied bash-3.2$ sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for nrpe on this host: env_reset, env_keep="COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY" Runas and Command-specific defaults for nrpe: User nrpe may run the following commands on this host: (ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/oracle/obiee/instances/instance1/bifoundation/OracleBIApplication/coreapplication/setup/bi-init.sh bash-3.2$

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• Determine process using a port, without sudo

  - by pat

  I'd like to find out which process (in particular, the process id) is using a given port. The one catch is, I don't want to use sudo, nor am I logged in as root. The processes I want this to work for are run by the same user that I want to find the process id - so I would have thought this was simple. Both lsof and netstat won't tell me the process id unless I run them using sudo - they will tell me that the port is being used though. As some extra context - I have various apps all connecting via SSH to a server I manage, and creating reverse port forwards. Once those are set up, my server does some processing using the forwarded port, and then the connection can be killed. If I can map specific ports (each app has their own) to processes, this is a simple script. Any suggestions? This is on an Ubuntu box, by the way - but I'm guessing any solution will be standard across most Linux distros.

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• When can an FTP server close its passive connections?

  - by Don Kirkby

  Does the FTP protocol allow the server to close any of its passive connections while the client is still connected? Can it tell when the client is finished receiving and then close the connection? I'm including an FTP server in my application using the pyftpdlib Python project. I've got it to work in active and passive mode, but I'm a bit concerned about when it closes its passive connections. I've tried connecting to it with both FileZilla and the default ftp command in Ubuntu, and in both cases, I get a new passive port for every request. That is, if I sit in the root folder and type ls 10 times, I use up 10 ports. This means that I have to allocate a big block of passive ports for the FTP server to use so it won't run out. As soon as the client disconnects, the server releases all the passive connections associated with that client and those ports can be reused. However, a long-running connection could use up a lot of ports.

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• VMware postfix server drops connection

  - by nicoX

  Our physical server godzilla forwards mails to our virtuall VMware server b4. They are on the same net. Often connection drops, we can't ping godzilla with our b4. That means mails from godzilla won't reach b4 and the mails will be in handed into the mailq. Sometimes it takes some hours and the issue will auto fix itself, b4 will wake up and the mail will be delivered. Another thing if we remotely ssh into the b4, the b4 will wake up and and receive any mailq mails from godzilla and deliver them. netadmin@b4:/var/log$ arp -a ? (192.168.209.80) at 00:1E:C9:AE:79:9D [ether] on eth0 root@godzilla:/usr/local/bin# arp -a ? (192.168.209.20) at 00:50:56:91:7d:b2 [ether] on eth0

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• How to efficiently dump a huge MySQL innodb database?

  - by Jagbir

  I got an Ubuntu 10.04 production MySQL database server where total size of database is 260 GB while size of root partition is itself 300 GB where DB is stored, essentially means around 96% of / is full and there's no space left for storing dump/backup etc. No other disk is attached to server as of now. My task is to migrate this database to other server sitting in different datacenter. Question is how to do that efficiently with minimum downtime? I'm thinking in line of: Request to attach an extra drive to server and take a dump in that drive. Transfer dump to new server, restore it and make new server slave of existing one to keep data in sync When migration is needed, break replication, update slave config to accept read/write requests and make old server read-only so it won't entertain any write requests and tell app developers to update there config with new IP address for db. What's your suggestions to improve this or any alternate better approach for this task?

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• Force Windows 8 to search indexed files

  - by Hrvoje

  When using search files in Windows 8 (win+f) I don't get expected results. For example, I installed VLC, it's in Program Files (86) folder, and that folder is selected for indexing. Search for files (win+f) gives 0 results. If I pin to start that exe, then it's found - but I don't want to do this, that's not the point. Where does it search for files? Is there any way to specify search locations? It doesn't use Indexing Options settings, at least it seams so. Also, searching from explorer window is kinda slow - I tried entering VLC.EXE in search box (when in c:\ root), and it takes some time to give correct results. It works, but it looks like it doesn't use indexing, rather scan all files/folders, which is slow.

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• Install additional PHP version in different folder on Ubuntu 8.04

  - by chessweb

  Hi, I'm on a Host Europe VPS running Ubuntu 8.04 server. PHP version is 5.2.4. Now there is an application (Moodle 2.0) that needs at least PHP 5.2.8. I don't want to upgrade serverwide to PHP 5.2.8 because that might impair other applications (e.g. Plesk). The FAQ at Host Europe suggest to install an additional PHP 5.2.8 in /opt/php and I think I can handle that with $ dpkg -i php_..._.deb --root /opt/php (Is that correct, by the way?) However, how do I point Apache to the new PHP installation? Thanks for any advice, Ralf

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• Symlink across local volumes in webroot?

  - by geerlingguy

  I am looking for a good short-term solution to storage space concerns on my website. Currently, I have all uploaded files (flash video, images, etc.) inside the 'files' directory in my web root (/home/account/public_html/files). That directory is located on my high-speed main hard drive (a 15k SCSI drive). I have another drive with much more capacity, but spinning at 10k rpm (so still fast, but not as good for random reads/writes as the main drive. The entire drive is mounted at /backup Right now I'm just using it as a backup volume. I would like to create a symlink from my /home/account/public_html/files folder to /backup/files, and have all files reside on the second drive. However, if someone accesses a file at http://www.example.com/files/filename.jpg, would it still work if I symlinked to the second drive? (Basically, would Apache/PHP automatically know to follow the symlink for that directory?).

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• Slash-started resources redirection in HTML with .htaccess

  - by Pawka

  I have moved old version of webpage to some subdirectory: http://www.smth.com/old/. But all resources (images, css, etc.) in HTML are linked with slash symbol at the start. So browser still tries to load them from root path. For example old/test.html contains: <img src="/images/lma_logo.ico" /> <!-- not working !--> <img src="images/lma_logo.ico" /> <!-- working !--> How can I rewrite ulrs to load resources from the "old" dir if urls still starts with "/"?

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• How to make nginx only respond to one domain?

  - by larryzhao

  I am pretty new to nginx, I host my rails application on nginx+passenger. I want my website to be accessible to only one domain. So I set my nginx conf like the following: server { listen 80; server_name mydomain.com www.mydomain.com; root /var/deploy/myapp/current/public; passenger_enabled on; location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires 1y; add_header Cache-Control public; } } I specify the server_name directive, but still, it answers anything which points to this IP and I could see that in the access.log that it answers to other domain names. Is there anything I am doing wrong?

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• SSH Connection Refused - Debug using Recovery Console

  - by olrehm

  Hey everyone, I have found a ton of questions answered about debugging why one cannot connect via SSH, but they all seem to require that you can still access the system - or say that without that nothing can be done. In my case, I cannot access the system directly, but I do have access to the filesystem using a recovery console. So this is the situation: My provider made some kernel update today and in the process also rebooted my server. For some reason, I cannot connect via SSH anymore, but instead get a ssh: connect to host mydomain.de port 22: Connection refused I do not know whether sshd is just not running, or whether something (e.g. iptables) blocks my ssh connection attempts. I looked at the logfiles, none of the files in /var/log contain any mentioning on ssh, and /var/log/auth.log is empty. Before the kernel update, I could log in just fine and used certificates so that I would not need a password everytime I connect from my local machine. What I tried so far: I looked in /etc/rc*.d/ for a link to the /etc/init.d/ssh script and found none. So I am expecting that sshd is not started properly on boot. Since I cannot run any programs in my system, I cannot use update-rc to change this. I tried to make a link manually using ln -s /etc/init.d/ssh /etc/rc6.d/K09sshd and restarted the server - this did not fix the problem. I do not know wether it is at all possible to do it like this and whether it is correct to create it in rc6.d and whether the K09 is correct. I just copied that from apache. I also tried to change my /etc/iptables.rules file to allow everything: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [7468813:1758703692] :INPUT ACCEPT [7468810:1758703548] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7935933:3682829570] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [7339662:1665166559] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -s localhost -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [101662:5379853] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [393275:25394346] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [393273:25394250] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 I am not sure this is done correctly or has any effect at all. I also did not find any mentioning of iptables in any file in /var/log. So what else can I do? Thank you for your help.

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• Reverse Proxy (mod_rewrite) and Rails (absolute paths)

  - by SooDesuNe

  I have front end rails app, that reverse proxies to any of a number of backend rails apps depending on URL, for example http://www.my_host.com/app_one reverse proxies to http://www.remote_host_running_app_one.com such that a URL like http://www.my_host.com/app_one/users will display the contents of http://www.remote_host_running_app_one.com/users I have a large, and ever expanding number of backends, so they can not be explicitly listed anywhere other than a database. This is no problem for mod_rewrite using a prg:/ rewrite map reverse proxy. The question is, the urls returned by rails helpers have the form /controller/action making them absolute to the root. This is a problem for the page served by mod_rewrite because links on the proxied page appear as absolute to the domain. i.e.: http://www.my_host.com/app_one/controller/action has links that end up looking like /controller/action/ when they need to look like /app_one/controller/action mod_proxy_html seems like the right idea, but it doesn't seem to be as dynamic as I would need, since the rules need to be hard coded into the config files. Is there a way to fix this server-side, so that the links will be routed correctly?

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• upstart not working

  - by dorelal

  I saved the following file at /etc/init/nodejs.conf description "node.js server" author "dorelal" start on startup stop on shutdown script # We found $HOME is needed. Without it, we ran into problems export HOME="/root" exec /usr/local/bin/node /home/dorelal/nodejs.js 2>&1 >> /var/log/node.log end script Then I tried to start the server > sudo initctl start nodejs initctl: Unknown job: nodejs Ubuntu information > cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=karmic DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.10" What do I need to do to start the server using upstart.

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• How to load previous kernel via ssh?

  - by Aamir

  I work remotely on my work computer. I am also the root of the workstation that I am sharing with my colleague. Yesterday, I upgraded the kernel to 2.6.31-17 when asked by the update manager but refrained from restarting because I knew my NVIDIA and several other kernel modules wouldn't work. Unfortunately my colleague who is a linux noob restarted the machine and here I am :( I am thinking of changing the symlinks /initrd.img and /vmlinuz to the previous kernel image and use kexec. Please tell some better way to load the 2.6.31-16 release of kernel from ssh and not the grub boot menu. I am using Ubuntu Karmic.

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• How to disable 3G USB Modem internal storage from being loaded by linux kernel?

  - by Krystian

  Hi, I've got a problem with my 3G modem [Huawei E122]. It has internal storage and kernel assigns a device [/dev/sdX] to it. Because of that, every second time my machine will not boot - kernel panic - as my usb hdd gets assigned /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. I cannot use LABEL nor UUID in root= kernel parameter, as it is only available when using initrd, and I can't use it - I am using Debian on my router - mips architecture machine. I have to prevent this from happening, as my router has to start everyday and I have to be sure it works ok. I don't have physical access to restart it when something goes wrong. I don't use my modem internal storage, there's no SD card inserted. However kernel detects the reader and loads it. I can not prevent loading od usb drivers since my hdd is on USB as well. I will appreciate any ideas.

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• disable browser localization

  - by broiyan

  How do I get the websites that I visit to stop localizing the language probably according to my IP location? This is an website specific issue because, for example economist.com and superuser.com do not do it, but Google Checkout and craigslist.org are doing it. Is there a way to setup Ubuntu and Firefox so that English will always be used for all web pages displayed? Edit: Of course many webpages have a link to an English version, but sometimes they don't. For example I believe such links usually appear on the root resource but sometimes I see non-English languages on child resources where such links do not appear. Example: most Blogger.com blogs appear in English but when I go to the blogger's profile ("view my complete profile"), it appears in another language that matches my geographic location.

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• Ubuntu: crypt user's home directory and protect from admin ?

  - by Luc

  I have the following problem: I need to run some scripts on a Ubuntu machine but I do not want those scripts to be visible by anybody. What could be the best way to do that ? I was thinking of the following: create a particular user Add the scripts in this user's home directory Protect + crypt the user's home directory = Can I run the script from outside if the directory is crypted ? Can superuser see the content of the home dir ? Is there a right way to do this ? UPDATE I thing the best way would be that root own those scripts. In this case I would need to allow an another user to modify the network configuration. Is it possible to ONLY provide network rights to a user ? (via sudo or else)

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• Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

  - by mgjk

  It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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• Setting up IIS7 to mimic a GoDaddy shared hosting plan

  - by NerdFury

  I host multiple domains on a GoDaddy shared hosting account. I would like to setup a website locally in IIS 7 that mimics the setup of my hosted account so that I can test and debug applications locally before deploying, as debugging after deploying, or discovering there are issues after deploying is frustrating. I have created a folder WebRoot, at put my main application in that folder. I created a website in IIS 7 and pointed it at that folder. I setup bindings with a fake domain, and created a matching entry in my hosts file to make the fake domain point at my 127.0.0.1. I then created a folder www.otherdomain.com under webroot. I then created an application underneath my website, and pointed it at this folder. I can't find how I can add bindings to the web application to have it referenced as a different fake domain, rather than a subdirectory under my root domain. What would be the proper way to setup IIS to best simulate the environment on the GoDaddy servers.

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• Explanation of nodev and nosuid in fstab

  - by Ivan Kovacevic

  I see those two options constantly suggested on the web when someone describes how to mount a tmpfs or ramfs. Often also with noexec but I'm specifically interested in nodev and nosuid. I basically hate just blindly repeating what somebody suggested, without real understanding. And since I only see copy/paste instructions on the net regarding this, I ask here. This is from documentation: nodev - Don't interpret block special devices on the filesystem. nosuid - Block the operation of suid, and sgid bits. But I would like a practical explanation what could happen if I leave those two out. Let's say that I have configured tmpfs or ramfs(without these two mentioned options set) that is accessible(read+write) by a specific (non-root)user on the system. What can that user do to harm the system? Excluding the case of consuming all available system memory in case of ramfs

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• I setup vsftpd on ubuntu server on my ec2 instance, how to connect using SSH?

  - by Blankman

  I connect to my ec2 instance using ssh so I don't have to login each time. I just installed vsftpd on the ubuntu server, but when I connect it obviously asks for my username and password. Since I connect using the ubuntu user that my AMI comes with, I don't even know the root password. Is there a way I can login via ftp using SSH? Or do I just create a user on the system for ftp purposes? I've locked ftp to my IP address, and I will shutdown the ftp service once I'm done as I dont need it running 99.99999% of the time.

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• Can a working Tomcat 6 webapp be turned into a usable .war file?

  - by Bill Cole

  Problem: I have a working webapp on a FreeBSD 8.1 Tomcat 6 test server that I need to move to a production system. The developer who last touched it (and had root on that server) has moved on and isn't helpful. The running app seems to have been deployed from a CVS server that is now unavailable. My thinking is that I would like to find a way to wrap the working webapp into a proper .war so that I can deploy it on a pristine host and (after testing) send the existing system to a very deep bitbucket. But I'm not having luck finding a way to do that. I'm a sysadmin not a developer and don't work much with Tomcat systems so I may be (likely am) overlooking something blindingly simple. I gather that I may be able to just tar up the deployed directory and untar it on the new machine, but I have a nagging feeling that there are pitfalls in that.

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• How to specify or add directory to Python.h search path during setup.py build/install

  - by ca2longoria

  I'm running Linux, and have downloaded a python module I must install without access to any but my particular /home/user directory (I have no root privileges nor the option to pursue them). This of course requires the Python source. This I've downloaded and have laying around in said user directory. While asking the admin to copy the proper files into /usr/include/python2.7 is the easiest way to go about this, I am hoping for a more general and portable solution to this kind of problem. Changing only data in the module source (MANIFEST.in, README.txt, setup.py, etc.), how might I add an arbitrary directory to the search path for Python.h and friends? (Without a solution, "python setup.py build" will continue returning with the "Python.h: No such file or directory" error) Thank you very much. (Additionally, is it acceptable to post this both here and on StackOverflow?)

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