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• What are the IPv6 Public and Private and Reserved ranges

  - by vipin raj

  I just want to know what are all the public IPv6 ranges which ISPs or other users can use? Also need a list of addresses which can be used in private networks and also the list of addresses which never can be used in any network. I have been searching through different web sites. But none gives a reliable answer. Actually we are developing an application which allows user to plan their IP address(create supernets, subnets, hosts, assign host to ports etc). So my application should be able to distinguish between all kinds of address ranges, whether it is reserved, public, private, multicast etc

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• adding a route entry to linux routing table

  - by netg

  hi, I have two systems with ip address say 64.103.56.1(A)(Dev name -wlan0) and 64.103.225.18(B),now what i want is , everytime I ping B from my system A, it has to be routed via a router say with address 10.0.0.251(C)(I want this to be my next hop to reach B) , but this router is on a different subnetwork than the two systems.How do I do this? /* Things I tried: I used 'route add -host B gw C wlan0', and got an error saying " no such process exist or no such device found". Tried ping C and traceroute and found the gw addr at my side is some 63.103.236.3(D), so added another entry route add -host C gw D wlan0, I was able to do this without any error! */

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• Cisco IOS router config -- how to disable SSH / SNMP on all but loopback address?

  - by chris

  Sorry for the naive question; a quick reading of the cisco docs doesn't answer this question... So I've got a router (say for the sake of argument a 4500 running IOS 15.x) It has interfaces in 3 different subnets -- 10.0.0.1/24, 10.0.1.1/24, and 10.0.2.1/24 It also has a loopback address of 172.16.0.33 How do I make it so that SSH / SNMP and other administrative traffic works on the 172 address but doesn't work on the IP addresses I wish to only use for L3 forwarding? Ideally this can be done by disabling the control plane access to these interfaces not just by using an ACL, but whatever, I don't actually care that much as long as it works... Thanks!

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• what are security implications of running Ubuntu inside Windows 7?

  - by EndangeringSpecies

  I am thinking of switching to Ubuntu as a way of making web browsing more secure. So, suppose I will go the easy route and run Ubuntu as an app inside Windows and then run Firefox inside of that. What will this do to the security given the current threat environment? E.g. do most online threats nowadays target the browser and flash (which presumably would be safely sandboxed inside easy to wipe Ubuntu environment) or do they target the Windows TCP-IP stack where Ubuntu would give no protection? Well, most likely the above question does not come near to covering all the security implications of this setup :-), so please do discuss whatever other issues that may be relevant here.

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• test if master dns has trasnfered copt to slave

  - by su55

  Hello, I setup my master and slave using freebsd. im currently running the Bind 9.X version, so far everything is working successfully. Just one small problem. I cant get the master copy of my dns to transfer it to the slave server. i included transfer-allow {192.168.1.111;}; // this is the slave servers ip i ran the rndc reload command to check but i dont see the copy in the /etc/named/master/? Any help would be necessary and if you like the layout of my dns, I can provide that too.

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• Why change net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in FreeBSD?

  - by sh-beta

  In virtually every FreeBSD network tuning document I can find: # /boot/loader.conf net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 This is usually paired with some unhelpful statement like "TCP control-block hash table tuning" or "Set this to a reasonable value." man 4 tcp isn't much help either: tcbhashsize Size of the TCP control-block hash table (read-only). This may be tuned using the kernel option TCBHASHSIZE or by setting net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in the loader(8). The only document I can find that touches on this mysterious thing is the Protocol Control Block Lookup subsection beneath Transport Layer in Optimizing the FreeBSD IP and TCP Stack, but its description is more about potential bottlenecks in using it. It seems tied to matching new TCP segments to their listening sockets, but I'm not sure how. What exactly is the TCP Control Block used for? Why would you want to set its hash size to 4096 or any other particular number?

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• Ping from windows 7 get no reply but sets errorlevel to 0

  - by Doron

  From a Windows 7 machine, I ping an IP address of a turned-off machine. C:\>ping 192.168.1.222 Pinging 192.168.1.222 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.222: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1.222: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1.222: Destination host unreachable. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.222: Packets: Sent = 3, Received = 3, Lost = 0 (0% loss) Even though there is no reply, the errorlevel is set to 0. What I am trying to do, is figure out if a remote machine is replying to ping. One of my tests is to turn off the machine and ping it. For some reason, ping sets errorlevel to 0.

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• CentOS 5 - Unable to resolve addresses for NFS mounts during boot

  - by sagi

  I have a few servers running CentOS 5.3, and am trying to get 2 NFS mount-points to mount automatically on boot. I added 2 lines similar to the following to fstab: server1:/path1 /path1 nfs soft 0 0 server2:/path2 /path2 nfs soft 0 0 When I run 'mount -a' manually, the mount points are properly mounted as expected. However, when I reboot the machine, only /path2 is mounted. For /path1 I get the following error: mount: can't get address for server1 It obviously looks like a DNS issue, but the record is properly configured in all the DNS servers and is mounted properly if I re-try the mount after the reboot is completed. I could properly fix this by using IP address instead of hostnames in /etc/fstab or adding server1 to /etc/hosts but I would rather not do that. What might be the reason for failing to resolve this specific address during boot time? Why the problem is only with the 1st mount point and the 2nd is properly mounted despite having identical configuration?

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• How can I access an Apple Xserve with no I/O ports

  - by DigitalJedi805

  I have an Apple Xserve at my place of employment, that I stumbled across one day going through some old equipment. The Xserve has one card installed on it, being the NIC, and is labelled with the static IP adresses that it has assigned, but other than that it is totally 'headless'. I would like to put it to use ( by either rolling it over to a Linux, or Windows Server 08 environment... 0_o ) but have yet to figure out how to get into the system to manage it. I'm a frequent at StackOverflow, but this is my first SuperUser post, so please let me know if this should be on one of the affiliate sites.

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• BGP Router reccomendations for simple redundancy [closed]

  - by Jona

  We have two sites that each have an internet connection and have a dedicated dark fibre between them. Each site has it's own IP space and we have an AS number. We're looking to be resilient to failure of the internet connection to either site and so need to buy a pair of approriate routers. Requirements are: Able to run 2 bgp sessions (one with the ISP, one with the other site router) Option to take a full table from the upstream ISPs would be nice. Able to provide HA gateways on the LAN side (e.g. 192.168.0.254 will automatically migrate if it's host router lost power) A dedicated device rather than a server running Linux / BSD Not crazy expensive. Any help / advice much appreciated.

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• Running Multiple sites with multiple domains apache

  - by PsychoData

  I am having a rough time running apache and using multiple domain names here is a snippet of my config file. I keep getting a error saying that NameVirtualHost has no VirtualHosts. I want them both running on the same IP and I'm not sure why this doesn't work. I've been digging through the documentation for VirtualHosts, NameVirtualHost, and apache's page about name based virtual hosting. That example in the name based page is almost exactly my config! What am I doing wrong? Listen *:80 NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.sample1.net DocumentRoot /var/www/sample1-net </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.example2.net DocumentRoot /var/www/example2-net </VirtualHost>

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• What is the right way to use Internet Sharing in OS X?

  - by Bob King

  For a while now I've been using the Wireless in my Mac Mini as a seperate WiFi access point because my main router doesn't quite cover my whole house. There is a dedicated CAT 5E line down to the Mini, which has a static IP address. I've turned Internet Sharing on, using Airport/WiFi but it seems my options for security are limited. Can I do WPA2? Also, it seems like my iPhone only connects 25% of the time, and the rest of the time it claims I've given a bad password. I've tried "Forget this network" repeatedly.

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• a load balancing scenario using HAProxy and keepalived shows no performance advantage

  - by chakoshi

  Hi, I am trying to setup a load balanced web server scenario, using two HAproxy load balancers and two debian web servers following this guide http://www.howtoforge.com/setting-up-a-high-availability-load-balancer-with-haproxy-keepalived-on-debian-lenny. the setup is working but the results of simple performance benchmarking is not what I expected. I tried apache benchmark tool to send lots of requests to servers (one time directly testing one of the web servers and the other time testing through the load balancer) using the command "ab -n 1000000 -c 500 http://IP/index.html", but the test results shows better performance for the single server without load balancer. can any one tell me if I'm going wrong on some thing?

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• No response from example.com using Apache

  - by stevens-G

  I am unable to access example.com or by local IP after restarting the server. I checked to make sure httpd service was on. I looked at the error_log in /var/log/httpd and found nothing. Tried to restart httpd again and it says 'Ok'. I'm not sure where else to check. I did move DocumentRoot from /var/www to /web-root and it worked before restarting the server. I tried pointing it back to /var/www and still not able to view the page. IPtables have not changed. Any suggestions?

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• FreeBSD's VPN & Mac OS X IPSecuritas

  - by alexus

  I need to be able to VPN in to my FreeBSD server from my Mac using IPSecuritas. I was wondering if anyone ever done something, I'm reading VPN over IPsec but that mainly covers if you had 2 nodes with 2 public IP address. My endpoint in IPSecuritas configured with MODE_CFG enabled so it'll have the other node to query my address from it's coming from. SSH is out of question, this is not a VPN solution, people who'd end up using VPN wouldn't know what to do, so I need very simple VPN the one that you get to use almost anywhere, you have a client and you have server, client makes a connection to server and boom, you in...

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• Laptop connecting to Wifi but not to internet

  - by eddard stark

  My friends laptop is able to connect to the wifi router . Typing 192.168.1.1 in the browser shows the login page for the router . But he cannot connect to the internet. This is true on both windows and linux (dual booting setup) . There are 3 other laptops connecting to the internet via wifi just fine and his was fine too until this happened all of a sudden . I tried doing a tracert from windows to an external ip . The first hop to the modem is fine but then the packets seem to be getting dropped . If his wifi adapter is damaged how is it connecting to the modem via wifi . I havent asked a question here before but this is really weird . If anyone needs any more information I shall post it here.

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• Mikrotik queues and limiting total upstream bandwidth

  - by g18c

  With a Mikrotik router (form of embedded Linux) I have created simple queues per machine matched by source IP address. Each of the 4 machine queues has an unlimited burst 3Mbps/3Mbps for Tx/Rx. During speedtest.net on all 4 machines at the same time, each machine shows 3Mbps (and is limited correctly there), however the total bandwidth on the uplink goes to 12Mbps (i need to set this to 10Mbps max for the upstream). I want to restrict the actual traffic passing across the uplink port to 10Mbps regardless of what the other queues are doing (I need this catch all queue to have the final say on the uplink speed). For example I need: Scenario A Machine A transferring @ 3Mbps Machine B transferring @ 3Mbps Machine C transferring @ 3Mbps Machine D transferring @ 0Mbps Up-link speed = 9Mbps Scenario B Machine A trying to transfer @ 3Mbps Machine B trying to transfer @ 3Mbps Machine C trying to transfer @ 3Mbps Machine D trying to transfer @ 3Mbps Up-link speed = 10Mbps Actual transfer speed of machine A,B,C,D = 2.5Mbps This is to allow slight over subscription of bandwidth queues as not all will be transmitting at 3Mbps all the time. Is this possible and if so how would one go about doing this?

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• Debian pure-ftpd, Restrict access

  - by durduvakis

  I am running Debian Wheezy, with ISPConfig 3, plus ModSecurity and I would like to restrict access to ftp to specific IP(s) globally (not to specific ftp users only), that can be either 127.0.0.1 or one I would manually add later. I would also like to completely disable ftp access from the web, but allow only from ftp-client software (if that is possible). The idea of closing firewall ports is not what I want. I know I can do this setting some firewall rule though, but that is not what I currently need. I have managed to do this for example on phpmyadmin inside it's .conf file, but unfortunately I cannot find any configuration to alter for pure-ftpd in my system. Restricting web-ftp access maybe possible by adding some rule in apache2 conf, but I am not sure how to write such a rule. Thanks to everyone that can help cheers

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• Can't access dfs namespace over vpn

  - by cpf

  Hi Serverfault, I've recently configured 2 servers in AD on the same domain level. They are physically separated and permanently connected through a site-to-site vpn for dfs replication. All well, but when users connect to either site through vpn (from home e.g.) they can't use the domain level method: \\domain.com\data Internally this works perfectly, resolving domain.com when connected through vpn gets the correct IP. I've tried Google to figure things out. What I was able to find was that more people have this issue, no real solution found though. Can anyone explain why this is happening? Especially a solution would be really helpful! Thanks in advance.

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• No DNS resolving with VPN (RRAS)

  - by Sven

  I have a RRAS server setup on a Windows 2003 machine with two NIC's. The VPN works like a charm, I can ping all the other computers on the network. But it fails when I try to access resources with hostnames. I searches for a solution but the ones I found are about RRAS setup with a remote DHCP server. But in my case it's the RRAS server that hands out the ip addresses (option for redirection for WINS, DNS is ON and set to the LAN NIC). I also heard something about FQDN.. but I don't really understand what that is.

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• Subdomain only accessible from one computer

  - by Edan Maor

  I recently added a wildcard A record to my domain (*.root.com), mapping it to a certain elastic ip on AWS. I've configured apache to redirect all references to something.root.com to root.com, except for one specific "dev" subdomain, which is hosting its own site (a Django app, specifically). The Problem: This setup works perfectly for me on my computer. But on other computers around the office, it doesn't seem to work. Specifically, trying to visit dev.root.com gives an "unable to find server" error. Pinging dev.root.com gives a "cannot resolve hostname" error. The weird thing: pinging any other subdomain of root.com does work, from all machines. I would think this was all due to DNS propagation, except all the computers are behind the same office router, so how could that be the case? Any ideas?

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• How to troubleshoot ping request time out

  - by user28317

  I have a Windows 7 and an XP machine connected to a NETGEAR wireless router. Both machines can log into the network and surf the web. Both are connecting wirelessly. I can ping the router from each machine and get a reply. I can ping each machine from the router and get a reply. But i cannot ping each machine from the other; getting a request time out. Subnet IP Addresses are 192.168.1.* Router =1; Win7 = 10; XP = 11; Firewall is currently off in both systems. Since i can ping from router im picking that not the problem anyway. If i try to ping from xp to win7 i get Request Timed Out. If i try to ping from Win7 to Xp i get destination host unreachable. What should i do now? Thanks

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• nginx proxy pass redirect through load balancer

  - by Brian

  I have several backend webservers that are load-balanced using LVS. These machines have only internal non-routable IPs on them. The load-balancer is the only machine with an external IP. This setup works great. I would like to add another webserver for image serving, but it will not be part of the load-balanced pool. Is it possible to proxy pass from the load-balanced web servers to the image server and have the response redirected to the client? Client--external LB--internal web server--internal image server I've gotten proxy pass working when I remove the LB from the equation, but no luck when trying to use it.

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• What the best way to achieve RPO of zero and lowest possible RTO (less than 15 minutes) with SQL 2008 R2?

  - by Adrian Hope-Bailie

  We are running a payments (EFT transaction processing) application which is processing high volumes of transactions 24/7 and are currently investigating a better way of doing DB replication to our disaster recovery site. Our current and previous strategies have included using both DoubleTake and Redgate to replicate data to a warm stand-by. DoubleTake is the supported solution from the payments software vendor however their (DoubleTake's) support in South Africa is very poor. We had a few issues and simply couldn't ever resolve them so we had to give up on DoubleTake. We have been using Redgate to manually read the data from the primary site (via queries) and write to the DR site but this is: A bad solution Getting the software vendor hot and bothered whenever we have support issues as it has a tendency to interfere with the payment application which is very DB intensive. We recently upgraded the whole system to run on SQL 2008 R2 Enterprise which means we should probably be looking at using some of the built-in replication features. The server has 2 fairly large databases with a mixture of tables containing highly volatile transactional data and pretty static configuration data. Replication would be done over a WAN link to a separate physical site and needs to achieve the following objectives. RPO: Zero loss - This is transactional data with financial impact so we can't lose anything. RTO: Tending to zero - The business depends on our ability to process transactions every minute we are down we are losing money I have looked at a few of the other questions/answers but none meet our case exactly: SQL Server 2008 failover strategy - Log shipping or replication? How to achieve the following RTO & RPO with logshipping only using SQL Server? What is the best of two approaches to achieve DB Replication? My current thinking is that we should use mirroring but I am concerned that for RPO:0 we will need to do delayed commits and this could impact the performance of the primary DB which is not an option. Our current DR process is to: Stop incoming traffic to the primary site and allow all in-flight transaction to complete. Allow the replication to DR to complete. Change network routing to route to DR site. Start all applications and services on the secondary site (Ideally we can change this to a warmer stand-by whereby the applications are already running but not processing any transactions). In other words the DR database needs to, as quickly as possible, catch up with primary and be ready for processing as the new primary. We would then need to be able to reverse this when we are ready to switch back. Is there a better option than mirroring (should we be doing log-shipping too) and can anyone suggest other considerations that we should keep in mind?

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• Can't Move Windows to 2nd Monitor without Left Mouse and Cntl Key

  - by John C

  I have 2 very frustrating problems that maybe someone can help me with: I have 2 monitors (different sizes and resolutions) setup with the "Extended" monitor Win7 setup. My problem is this = I can not "move" a window from my Primary Monitor (larger and higher resolution on right side in front of me) to my Secondary 2nd monitor (smaller and lower resolution) with just selecting the title bar with the left mouse button and dragging it to the left. Windows 7 "snaps" it back to the left Primary Monitor when the window is physically in the 2nd window area as I'm holding the left mouse button. I can prevent this problem - by holding down the Cntl Key with the Left Mouse button, but this is extremely annoying to me. Also I typically "lose" focus if I try typing input on the 2nd monitor. Typing is erratic with regard to keystroke accuracy from my keyboard translated into input on the 2nd screen. No problem with typing input on the primary left monitor. I find this extremely annoying in Windows 7 and turning off the "snap" feature via the Control panel does NOT work for me. Win7 stubbornly refuses to move my selected window to my 2nd monitor without me "forcing" Win7 to do this with the Cntrl Key. Please tell me this is not a Win7 feature. Also on my system - Windows Key + Shift, Left arrow Key (pressed together) or the same combo with The Right arrow Key - don't do anything whatsoever. Widows Key with "+" however does maximize current window across both monitors, and I can "restore" it with Windows Key and "-" back to original monitor and size. I have tried various solutions including changing the resolutions of one or both of my monitors and sometimes "temporarily helps" but reverts back to the problem. Also if I swap the logical (not physical) layout so that I tell Win7 the monitors are setup in a reserved situation (Large monitor on the left, and small on the right) - this also sometimes helps for awhile - and is very strange and awkward to work with "backwards". But all of these solutions stop working. The only solution that consistently works for "moving" the screens is to hold the Cntrl Key down as I'm moving window with the left mouse selected on the title bar. Even that however, doesn't prevent the loss of typing focus for me on the 2nd monitor - while at the same time the typing on the 1st monitor is fine. Any help on moving my window screens from one monitor on my 2nd monitor without having to press the Cntrl key while holding down my left mouse button with be appreciated. Also any help on gaining typing "focus" into my 2nd screen with be helpful too. Thanks - John

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