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• Desktop Fun: Snow Covered Trees Wallpaper Collection

  - by Asian Angel

  Trees can become beautiful works of natural art when snow accumulates on them and make you feel as if you have stepped into another world when walking through them. So grab your jacket, gloves, and snowboots for a journey through this frosty scenery with our Snow Covered Trees Wallpaper Collection. Note: Click on the picture to see the full-size image—these wallpapers vary in size so you may need to crop, stretch, or place them on a colored background in order to best match them to your screen’s resolution. For more wallpapers be certain to see our great collections in the Desktop Fun section. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC HTG Projects: How to Create Your Own Custom Papercraft Toy How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk What is Camera Raw, and Why Would a Professional Prefer it to JPG? The How-To Geek Guide to Audio Editing: The Basics How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 Arctic Theme for Windows 7 Gives Your Desktop an Icy Touch Install LibreOffice via PPA and Receive Auto-Updates in Ubuntu Creative Portraits Peek Inside the Guts of Modern Electronics Scenic Winter Lane Wallpaper to Create a Relaxing Mood Access Your Web Apps Directly Using the Context Menu in Chrome The Deep – Awesome Use of Metal Objects as Deep Sea Creatures [Video]

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• How To Capture Screenshot Of Logon Screen In Windows 7?

  - by Gopinath

  There are plenty of freeware’s and paid applications that lets you capture screenshots. But none of them let you grab screenshot of Logon screen. In order to capture the screenshots of Logon screen we either had to use a Digital Camera and take a photo or run Windows in a virtual environment and capture screenshot.  Is there any other simple and easy way to grab Logon screenshots in Windows 7? Windows 7 Login Camera is a nice freeware that lets you capture screenshots of Logon screen very easily. To grab the screenshots install the application, lock the screen by pressing CTRL + L and use ease of access button located on the bottom left side. Windows 7 Login Camera launches and allows you save the captured screen on desired location. This handy tool is developed by deviantart.com website user yvidhiatama  and it’s compatible with all the 32bit version of Windows 7. Download Windows 7 Login Camera This article titled,How To Capture Screenshot Of Logon Screen In Windows 7?, was originally published at Tech Dreams. Grab our rss feed or fan us on Facebook to get updates from us.

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• faking NAT with a VMware distributed switch across multiple hosts

  - by romant

  I need to construct a NAT for certain machines within the network. Wish to do this with dvSwitch - as it seems the logical way of attacking the problem as in this scenario there's just under 30 hosts. In order for the NAT'ed VM's to have access to the 'real' network. I am providing a 'router' VM, which will have access to the WAN/outside network, and also act as the DHCP server for the NAT'ed machines. Problem Space When the machines connected to the NAT interface and the router are on the same host, then they get an IP from the router VM, and work perfectly (routed outside). Unfortunately machines on other Hosts that are connected to the dvSwitch do not get an IP and further tcpdump shows no network data getting through across the hosts within the dvSwitch. Has anyone achieved a NAT solution using a dvSwitch before that they could share?! Thank you. EDIT: Including the diagram.

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• Does an SMTP request contain host header information (or just the IP of the targeted SMTP server)?

  - by Olaf

  We are using an external commercial smtp server for our newsletters (sending them through .NET components), and they offer two smtp URLs - smtp.critsend.com and fast.critsend.com -, and the second one is reserved for sending singular emails, the first one for bulk. Using nslookup shows that both resolve to the same 4 IP addresses (fast.critsend.com being an Alias). Question: (how) is it possible for the smtp relay to distinguish between different names? Is there something in the headers that can be compared to host headers in http protocol (I didn't find any intelligible information for a non-sysadmins)? The reason I'm asking is because we would like to use one of the IPs in our newsletter script (which works) rather than a name (in order to save DNS requests), and we are wondering about potential problems.

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• (Abstract) Game engine design

  - by lukeluke

  I am writing a simple 2D game (for mobile platforms) for the first time. From an abstract point of view, i have the main player controlled by the human, the enemies, elments that will interact with the main player, other living elements that will be controlled by a simple AI (both enemies and non-enemies). The human player will be totally controlled by the player, the other actors will be controlled by AI. So i have a class CActor and a class CActorLogic to start with. I would define a CActor subclass CHero (the main player controlled with some input device). This class will probably implement some type of listener, in order to capture input events. The other players controlled by the AI will be probably a specific subclass of CActor (a subclass per-type, obviously). This seems to be reasonable. The CActor class should have a reference to a method of CActorLogic, that we will call something like CActorLogic::Advance() or similar. Actors should have a visual representation. I would introduce a CActorRepresentation class, with a method like Render() that will draw the actor (that is, the right frame of the right animation). Where to change the animation? Well, the actor logic method Advance() should take care of checking collisions and other things. I would like to discuss the design of a game engine (actors, entities, objects, messages, input handling, visualization of object states (that is, rendering, sound output and so on)) but not from a low level point of view, but from an high level point of view, like i have described above. My question is: is there any book/on line resource that will help me organize things (using an object oriented approach)? Thanks

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• vector rotations for branches of a 3d tree

  - by freefallr

  I'm attempting to create a 3d tree procedurally. I'm hoping that someone can check my vector rotation maths, as I'm a bit confused. I'm using an l-system (a recursive algorithm for generating branches). The trunk of the tree is the root node. It's orientation is aligned to the y axis. In the next iteration of the tree (e.g. the first branches), I might create a branch that is oriented say by +10 degrees in the X axis and a similar amount in the Z axis, relative to the trunk. I know that I should keep a rotation matrix at each branch, so that it can be applied to child branches, along with any modifications to the child branch. My questions then: for the trunk, the rotation matrix - is that just the identity matrix * initial orientation vector ? for the first branch (and subsequent branches) - I'll "inherit" the rotation matrix of the parent branch, and apply x and z rotations to that also. e.g. using glm::normalize; using glm::rotateX; using glm::vec4; using glm::mat4; using glm::rotate; vec4 vYAxis = vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); vec4 vInitial = normalize( rotateX( vYAxis, 10.0f ) ); mat4 mRotation = mat4(1.0); // trunk rotation matrix = identity * initial orientation vector mRotation *= vInitial; // first branch = parent rotation matrix * this branches rotations mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // x rotation mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // z rotation Are my maths and approach correct, or am I completely wrong? Finally, I'm using the glm library with OpenGL / C++ for this. Is the order of x rotation and z rotation important?

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• Access Methods to a computer Using MAC Address

  - by Dimal Chandrasiri

  I have my own wifi network at home & recently when I checked the active clients on the wifi I found out the there is one active client. Router shows the MAC address of this client and I want to Access this computer in order to let him know that he's doing a wrong thing. I dont intent to do any harm to his data. I just want to know a method to send him a message saying "Buy you own wifi". How can I achieve this using a windows 8 computer. Is there any specific softwares that I can use or will the netsend command do the trick! Thank you.

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• Apache configuration: choose a site to display according to visitor's IP address

  - by user64294

  Hi all. I would like to set a special configuration in our apache web server. I would like to display sites to the users according their IP addresses. We plan to upgrade our web sites. During the upgrade we'll put a maintenance site: so all the users which will connect to our web sites will get this site. but in order to test the upgrade i need to set apache to let only my IP address to access to asked site. If my IP address is a.b.c.d and if i ask for test_dot_com i want to see it. but all other users, having a different IP address, should get the maintenane site even if they look for test_dot_com. Is there a way to do this? PS: sorry As i'm a new user i can't use more than one link. so test_dot_com = test.com Thank you.

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• Replacing files in a folder structure with files from an unsorted folder

  - by Andrew

  I have over 50,000 PDFs organized into folders in a file called PDFACT. I needed to compress these files so I ran them through Adobe to batch compress them and this worked—except Adobe could only output the files without their folder structure. So basically I have 50,000 PDFs set up in a folder with hundreds of subfolders, and everything was organized. I ended up with one folder with 50,000 compressed PDFs in it, just in alphabetical order. Somehow I need to replace all the orginal PDFs with their compressed copies. Let me give an example: In the folder PDFACT we have the following file: C:\PDFACT\BIG DINNER\BILL\NEWESTBILL.PDF … and in the output folder that Adobe created we have just: C:\COMPRESSED_PDF_FOLDER\NEWESTBILL.PDF This copy is smaller then the one in PDFACT and has the same name but it is just lumped in with every other PDF. The folder structure and subfolders are gone. Is there any way to replace all the larger uncompressed PDFS inside the orginal folder structure with their now compressed counterparts?

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• @CodeStock 2012 Review: Leon Gersing ( @Rubybuddha ) - "You"

  "YOU"Speaker: Leon GersingTwitter: @Rubybuddha Site: http://about.me/leongersing I honestly had no idea what I was getting in to when I sat down in to this session. I basically saw the picture of the speaker and knew that it would be a good session. I was completely wrong; it was the BEST SESSION of CodeStock 2012.  In fact it was so good, I texted another coworker attending the conference to get over and listen to Leon. Leon took on the concept of growth in the software development community. He specifically referred David Hansson in his ability to stick to his beliefs when the development community thought that he was crazy for creating Ruby on Rails. If you do not know this story Ruby on Rails is one of the fastest growing web languages today. In addition, he also touched on the flip side of this argument in that we must be open to others ideas and not discard them so quickly because we all come from differing perspectives and can add value to a project/team/community. This session left me with two very profound concepts/quotes: “In order to learn you must do it badly in front of a crowed and fail.” - @Rubybuddha I can look back on my career so far and say that he is correct; I think I have learned the most after failing, especially when I achieved this failure in front of other. “Experts must be able to fail.” - @Rubybuddha I think we can all learn from our own mistakes but we can also learn from others. When respected experts fail it is a great learning opportunity for the entire team as well as the person who failed. When expert admit mistakes and how they worked through them can be great learning tools for other developers so that they know how to avoid specific scenarios and if they do become stuck in the same issue they will know how to properly work their way out of them.

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• Script/tool to import series of snapshots, each being a new revision, into Subversion, populating source tree?

  - by Rob

  I've developed code locally and taken a fairly regular snapshot whenever I reach a significant point in development, e.g. a working build. So I have a long-ish list of about 40 folders, each folder being a snapshot e.g. in ascending date YYYYMMDD order, e.g.:- 20100523 20100614 20100721 20100722 20100809 20100901 20101001 20101003 20101104 20101119 20101203 20101218 20110102 I'm looking for a script to import each of these snapshots as a new subversion revision to the source tree. The end result being that the HEAD revision is the same as the last snapshot, and other revisions are as numbered. Some other requirements: that the HEAD revision is not cumulative of the previous snapshots, i.e., files that appeared in older snapshots but which don't appear in later ones (e.g. due to refactoring etc.) should not appear in the HEAD revision. meanwhile, there should be continuity between files that do persist between snapshots. Subversion should know that there are previous versions of these files and not treat them as brand new files within each revision. Some background about my aim: I need to formally revision control this work rather than keep local private snapshot copies. I plan to release this work as open source, so version controlling would be highly recommended I am evaluating some of the current popular version control systems (Subversion and GIT) BUT I definitely need a working solution in Subversion. I'm not looking to be persuaded to use one particular tool, I need a solution for each tool I am considering as I would also like a solution in GIT (I will post an answer separately for GIT so separate camps of folks who have expertise in GIT and Subversion will be able to give focused answers on one or the other). The same question but for GIT: Script/tool to import series of snapshots, each being a new edition, into GIT, populating source tree? An outline answer for Subversion in stackoverflow.com but not enough specifics about the script: what commands to use, code to check valid scenarios if necessary - i.e. a working script basically. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2203818/is-there-anyway-to-import-xcode-snapshots-into-a-new-svn-repository

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• Ray Tracing concers: Efficient Data Structure and Photon Mapping

  - by Grieverheart

  I'm trying to build a simple ray tracer for specific target scenes. An example of such scene can be seen below. I'm concerned as to what accelerating data structure would be most efficient in this case since all objects are touching but on the other hand, the scene is uniform. The objects in my ray tracer are stored as a collection of triangles, thus I also have access to individual triangles. Also, when trying to find the bounding box of the scene, how should infinite planes be handled? Should one instead use the viewing frustum to calculate the bounding box? A few other questions I have are about photon mapping. I've read the original paper by Jensen and many more material. In the compact data structure for the photon they introduce, they store photon power as 4 chars, which from my understanding is 3 chars for color and 1 for flux. But I don't understand how 1 char is enough to store a flux of the order of 1/n, where n is the number of photons (I'm also a bit confused about flux vs power). The other question about photon mapping is, if it would be more efficient in my case to store photons per object (or even per Object's triangle) instead of using a balanced kd-tree. Also, same question about bounding box of the scene but for photon mapping. How should one find a bounding box from the pov of the light when infinite planes are involved?

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• Accessing hardware via USB by proprietary windows software using Wine

  - by Carlos Eugenio Thompson Pinzón

  I have this proprietary software that access some hardware using USB. Over a year ago I tried to install it on a Ubuntu OS using Wine (the program is written for Windows). The UI seemed to work just fine but it had no access to the USB port. Back then I had to license a Windows copy in order to get the job done. Now, that Windows version we where using is deprecated and it is not longer available and available versions cost trice as much. So it is time to give Linux another try. How can I ensure that the USB is available for a Wine application? Neither the application nor the hardware install any driver, the app just pool all available USB drivers and make a handshake if it recognizes that the hardware is present. I want to minimize the test cases before abandoning Linux one more time. Update I've just tried again (with the hope an upgrade was made from last year), and it is not working. The proprietary windows app is not finding the hardware.

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• Raspberry Pi and Java SE: A Platform for the Masses

  - by Jim Connors

  One of the more exciting developments in the embedded systems world has been the announcement and availability of the Raspberry Pi, a very capable computer that is no bigger than a credit card.  At $35 US, initial demand for the device was so significant, that very long back orders quickly ensued. After months of patiently waiting, mine finally arrived.  Those initial growing pains appear to have been fixed, so availability now should be much more reasonable. At a very high level, here are some of the important specs: Broadcom BCM2835 System on a chip (SoC) ARM1176JZFS, with floating point, running at 700MHz Videocore 4 GPU capable of BluRay quality playback 256Mb RAM 2 USB ports and Ethernet Boots from SD card Linux distributions (e.g. Debian) available So what's taking place taking place with respect to the Java platform and Raspberry Pi? A Java SE Embedded binary suitable for the Raspberry Pi is available for download (Arm v6/7) here.  Note, this is based on the armel architecture, a variety of Arm designed to support floating point through a compatibility library that operates on more platforms, but can hamper performance.  In order to use this Java SE binary, select the available Debian distribution for your Raspberry Pi. The more recent Raspbian distribution is based on the armhf (hard float) architecture, which provides for more efficient hardware-based floating point operations.  However armhf is not binary compatible with armel.  As of the writing of this blog, Java SE Embedded binaries are not yet publicly available for the armhf-based Raspbian distro, but as mentioned in Henrik Stahl's blog, an armhf release is in the works. As demonstrated at the just-completed JavaOne 2012 San Francisco event, the graphics processing unit inside the Raspberry Pi is very capable indeed, and makes for an excellent candidate for JavaFX.  As such, plans also call for a Pi-optimized version of JavaFX in a future release too. A thriving community around the Raspberry Pi has developed at light speed, and as evidenced by the packed attendance at Pi-specific sessions at Java One 2012, the interest in Java for this platform is following suit. So stay tuned for more developments...

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• Error with RewriteCond in .htaccess about '-f' option when it is not present.

  - by Tyler Crompton

  Whenever I look at my error logs this is what I see: RewriteCond: NoCase option for non-regex pattern '-f' is not supported and will be ignored. However, I am not using -f. I am still new to Apache stuff. This is what my .htaccess files looks like in the site's root directory: # Use PHP5 Single php.ini as default AddHandler application/x-httpd-php5s .php Options -Indexes SetEnv INCLUDES /home1/tylercro/public_html/includes/ SetEnv TZ America/Chicago ErrorDocument 400 /400/ ErrorDocument 401 /401/ ErrorDocument 403 /403/ ErrorDocument 404 /404/ ErrorDocument 500 /500/ order allow,deny deny from 69.28.58.33 deny from 95.24.184.87 deny from 95.108. deny from 119.63.196. deny from 123.125.71. deny from 216.92.127.133 deny from 204.236.225.207 allow from all RewriteEngine On # Take off a the end script name if it is an index page. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (.*)(index|default)\.\w{1,4}$ [NC] RewriteRule .* %1 [R=301] # Force "/" at end of URL if directory. RewriteRule (.*)!(\.\w{1,5}$) $1 [R=301]

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• How do I get write access to ubuntu files from Windows?

  - by Steven

  I'm running Ubuntu 11.10 on my Virtual Machine as a web server. I've mounted the W:/ drive in Win 7 to my /www folder in Ubuntu. I can read the files, but I'm not able to write to the files. In Samba, I have created the following user: <www-data> = "<www-data>" And given guest ok for the www folder: [www] comment = Ubuntu WWW area path = /var/www browsable = yes guest ok = yes read only = no create mask = 0755 ;directory mask = 0775 force user = www-data force group = www-data I've also run sudo chmod -R 755 www to make ensure correct rw access. What am I missing in order to get write access to my ubuntu files from Windows?

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• BizTalk 2009 - Scoped Record Counting in Maps

  - by StuartBrierley

  Within BizTalk there is a functoid called Record Count that will return the number of instances of a repeated record or repeated element that occur in a message instance. The input to this functoid is the record or element to be counted. As an example take the following Source schema, where the Source message has a repeated record called Box and each Box has a repeated element called Item: An instance of this Source schema may look as follows; 2 box records - one with 2 items and one with only 1 item. Our destination schema has a number of elements and a repeated box record.  The top level elements contain totals for the number of boxes and the overall number of items.  Each box record contains a single element representing the number of items in that box. Using the Record Count functoid it is easy to map the top level elements, producing the expected totals of 2 boxes and 3 items: We now need to map the total number of items per box, but how will we do this?  We have already seen that the record count functoid returns the total number of instances for the entire message, and unfortunately it does not allow you to specify a scoping parameter.  In order to acheive Scoped Record Counting we will need to make use of a combination of functoids. As you can see above, by linking to a Logical Existence functoid from the record/element to be counted we can then feed the output into a Value Mapping functoid.  Set the other Value Mapping parameter to "1" and link the output to a Cumulative Sum functoid. Set the other Cumulative Sum functoid parameter to "1" to limit the scope of the Cumulative Sum. This gives us the expected results of Items per Box of 2 and 1 respectively. I ran into this issue with a larger schema on a more complex map, but the eventual solution is still the same.  Hopefully this simplified example will act as a good reminder to me and save someone out there a few minutes of brain scratching.

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• Glimpse: Open Source Web Development

  - by Elizabeth Ayer

  We’re delighted to announce that Red Gate will be backing Glimpse! For those of you who aren’t familiar with the project, Glimpse is an open source tool which does for the server what Firebug does for the client. It’s been in beta for the last year, and we’re very excited to give Glimpse the support and dedicated effort needed to take it to a v1 and beyond. Glimpse’s founders (Nik Molnar and Anthony van der Hoorn) have joined Red Gate, and they’re just as excited as we are about the opportunities that active development of Glimpse will bring. They will continue to write code, support the community and drive the project forward (as they’ve done since its inception). With full-time attention on growing Glimpse and its community, users and developers can expect the project to accelerate, with frequent releases of new functionality. Red Gate is excited about its first major involvement with open source. You may well be wondering, though, why Red Gate is doing this. Glimpse dovetails beautifully with Red Gate’s .NET tools, which makes Glimpse an ideal framework for plugging in advanced, paid-for functionality (like performance analysis) the way web developers want to see it. As a means to this end, we will contribute to the Glimpse open source project in order to broaden its adoption and delight web developers. Since bringing in .NET Reflector in 2008, we’ve learnt sharp lessons from the community about the right and wrong ways to engage with developers, not to mention the enduring value of free. Glimpse further shows what the .NET community can achieve through open source collaboration, and we’re looking forward to working with the Glimpse community to make something enduring and awesome. Nik and Anthony, themselves passionate advocates of community-driven software, will continue to control the Glimpse project, steering it to best meet the needs of its users and contributors. If you have any questions or queries about Glimpse, or Red Gate’s involvement in the project, please tweet with the #glimpse hashtag, contact us at Red Gate on [email protected], or post to the Glimpse Development Forum on Google Groups.

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• Strategies for managUse of types in Python

  - by dave

  I'm a long time programmer in C# but have been coding in Python for the past year. One of the big hurdles for me was the lack of type definitions for variables and parameters. Whereas I totally get the idea of duck typing, I do find it frustrating that I can't tell the type of a variable just by looking at it. This is an issue when you look at someone else's code where they've used ambiguous names for method parameters (see edit below). In a few cases, I've added asserts to ensure parameters comply with an expected type but this goes against the whole duck typing thing. On some methods, I'll document the expected type of parameters (eg: list of user objects), but even this seems to go against the idea of just using an object and let the runtime deal with exceptions. What strategies do you use to avoid typing problems in Python? Edit: Example of the parameter naming issues: If our code base we have a task object (ORM object) and a task_obj object (higher level object that embeds a task). Needless to say, many methods accept a parameter named 'task'. The method might expect a task or a task_obj or some other construct such as a dictionary of task properties - it is not clear. It is them up to be to look at how that parameter is used in order to work out what the method expects.

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• What parameters to mdadm, to re-create md device with payload starting at 0x22000 position on backing storage?

  - by Adam Ryczkowski

  I try to recover from mdadm raid disaster, which happened when moving from ubuntu server 10.04 to 12.04. I know the correct order of devices from dmesg log, but given this information, I still cannot access the data. The superblocks look messy; the mdadm --examine for each disk is on this question on askubuntu By inspecting the raw contents of backing storage, I found the beginning of my data (the LUKS container in my case) at position 0x22000 relative to the beginning of the first partition in the raid. Question: What is the combination of options issued to "mdadm --create" to re-create mdadm that starts with the given offset? Bitmap size? PS. The relevant information from syslog when the system was healthy are pasted here.

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• Unable to print login-required images in IE

  - by Tim Fountain

  I have some images in a section of a site that require the user to be logged in in order to view. These images are served by a PHP script, which checks the user's login state and if valid, serves the binary data with the appropriate headers. This all works fine. The issue comes when a user tries to print one of these images. In Internet Explorer, when they go to print preview they get the broken image box with a red cross in the corner instead of the actual file. This is what gets printed also. All other browsers can print the images without issue. I have some images elsewhere on the site that are also served via. PHP but these don't require a login. These print fine. The PHP-powered HTML pages on the site that require a login also print fine in IE. It's just login-required images. The user hitting print preview does not seem to result in additional HTTP request to the server for the file. However I do see an additional HTTP request a few seconds later that comes from the same IP (may or may not be related), This request includes no host header, no REQUEST_URI and no user agent. The 'please login' page sends an appropriate 403 header. I've also added a far-in-future expires header to the image response itself to ensure that browsers can serve/print the files from their own cache but this hasn't made any difference. Why can't IE print the images and what else can I do to investigate or fix the problem?

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• Can't get MultiViews to work on Apache 2.2 - negotiation problem

  - by Doe

  Hi I can't get MultiViews to set up properly on my Apache 2.2. When I go to filtered.com/something, I expect it to execute something.pl but it doesn't. I get a Error 404 page. In my error logs it says: " [Fri Apr 16 13:04:20 2010] [error] [client 78.85.152.94] Negotiation: discovere\ d file(s) matching request: /var/www/html/filtered.net/translate-english (None could be negotiated)., referer: http://filtered.net/" Would anyone kindly help me so that MultiViews is properly installed on my server? ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerAlias *.filtered.net DocumentRoot /var/www/html/filtered.net ServerName filtered.net ErrorLog logs/filtered.net-error_log CustomLog logs/filtered.net-access_log common Options ExecCGI +Indexes +IncludesNoExec +MultiViews +ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all <IfModule mod_dir.c> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.pl </IfModule> </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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• Was API hooking done as needed for Stuxnet to work? I don't think so

  - by The Kaykay

  Caveat: I am a political science student and I have tried my level best to understand the technicalities; if I still sound naive please overlook that. In the Symantec report on Stuxnet, the authors say that once the worm infects the 32-bit Windows computer which has a WINCC setup on it, Stuxnet does many things and that it specifically hooks the function CreateFileA(). This function is the route which the worm uses to actually infect the .s7p project files that are used to program the PLCs. ie when the PLC programmer opens a file with .s7p the control transfers to the hooked function CreateFileA_hook() instead of CreateFileA(). Once Stuxnet gains the control it covertly inserts code blocks into the PLC without the programmers knowledge and hides it from his view. However, it should be noted that there is also one more function called CreateFileW() which does the same task as CreateFileA() but both work on different character sets. CreateFileA works with ASCII character set and CreateFileW works with wide characters or Unicode character set. Farsi (the language of the Iranians) is a language that needs unicode character set and not ASCII Characters. I'm assuming that the developers of any famous commercial software (for ex. WinCC) that will be sold in many countries will take 'Localization' and/or 'Internationalization' into consideration while it is being developed in order to make the product fail-safe ie. the software developers would use UNICODE while compiling their code and not just 'ASCII'. Thus, I think that CreateFileW() would have been invoked on a WINCC system in Iran instead of CreateFileA(). Do you agree? My question is: If Stuxnet has hooked only the function CreateFileA() then based on the above assumption there is a significant chance that it did not work at all? I think my doubt will get clarified if: my assumption is proved wrong, or the Symantec report is proved incorrect. Please help me clarify this doubt. Note: I had posted this question on the general stackexchange website and did not get appropriate responses that I was looking for so I'm posting it here.

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• using Moniker.com's nameservers

  - by user7519

  I have a VPS with A2Hosting for which i need to upgrade the OS. However, they've changed their VPS packages and forced me to order a new one. I went with an "unmanaged" package and have only just realised that they do not provide any DNS service at all, not even nameservers. Support tells me that "since your domain is not hosted with us, but with Moniker, you would not be able to use these nameservers. Your domain registrar should have a set of default nameservers that you can use, then create a A record to point to" my IP address. Moniker does provide for using their nameservers but i'm confused about which "pre-defined zone configuration" to use. They are: Domain Parking Domain Parking with Email Forwarding URL and Email Forwarding URL Forwarding URL Forwarding & CoolHandle Email I just want to use their nameserver and then create A & MX records pointing to the VPS. What do they mean by forwarding? I get the feeling it's a service that i don't want. Or, is it that i need to have a pre-defined zone only temporarily, and THEN set the A & MX? Which of these should i choose.

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• Vernon's book Implementing DDD and modeling of underlying concepts

  - by EdvRusj

  Following questions all refer to examples presented in Implementing DDD In article we can see from Figure 6 that both BankingAccount and PayeeAccount represent the same underlying concept of Banking Account BA 1. On page 64 author gives an example of a publishing organization, where the life-cycle of a book goes through several stages ( proposing a book, editorial process, translation of the book ... ) and at each of those stages this book has a different definition. Each stage of the book is defined in a different Bounded Context, but do all these different definitions still represent the same underlying concept of a Book, just like both BankingAccount and PayeeAccount represent the same underlying concept of a BA? 2. a) I understand why User shouldn't exist in Collaboration Context ( CC ), but instead should be defined within Identity and Access Context IAC ( page 65 ). But still, do User ( IAC ), Moderator ( CC ), Author ( CC ),Owner ( CC ) and Participant ( CC ) all represent different aspects of the same underlying concept? b) If yes, then this means that CC contains several model elements ( Moderator, Author, Owner and Participant ), each representing different aspect of the same underlying concept ( just like both BankingAccount and PayeeAccount represent the same underlying concept of a BA ). But isn't this considered a duplication of concepts ( Evan's book, page 339 ), since several model elements in CC represent the same underlying concept? c) If Moderator, Author ... don't represent the same underlying concept, then what underlying concept does each represent? 3. In an e-commerce system, the term Customer has multiple meanings ( page 49 ): When user is browsing the Catalog, Customer has different meaning than when user is placing an Order. But do these two different definitions of a Customer represent the same underlying concept, just like both BankingAccount and PayeeAccount represent the same underlying concept of a BA? thanks

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