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How to create partition when growing raid5 with mdadm.

- by hometoast

I have 4 drives, 2x640GB, and 2x1TB drives. My array is made up of the four 640GB partitions and the beginning of each drive. I want to replace both 640GB with 1TB drives. I understand I need to 1) fail a disk 2) replace with new 3) partition 4) add disk to array My question is, when I create the new partition on the new 1TB drive, do I create a 1TB "Raid Auto Detect" partition? Or do I create another 640GB partition and grow it later? Or perhaps the same question could be worded: after I replace the drives how to I grow the 640GB raid partitions to fill the rest of the 1TB drive? fdisk info: Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe3d0900f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 77825 625129281 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 77826 121601 351630720 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc0b23adf Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 77825 625129281 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 77826 121601 351630720 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x582c8b94 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 77825 625129281 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sde: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbc33313a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 77825 625129281 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 1920.4 GB, 1920396951552 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 468846912 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

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Problems with bash script, mysql inserts and launchd

- by Armands

========= I am developing a automated system, which consists of 3 parts: mysql, bash and launchd. Bash script takes folders of work related stuff, zips, archives and puts info about them into database that is located on a local MAMP server. Everything works as expected when I run the script from terminal. But when I use Launchd to automatically run this script, it functions without errors and it does not put the values into database. I've tried to make logs of returned messages, but the logs end up being empty as the command has run the way it was supposed to. Any help would be appreciated! .plist contents <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Label</key> <string>com.adevo.ari.zip</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/Volumes/Archive-Plus/B-ARCHIVE-PLUS/ZZ_UTILITY_FOLDER/Compress.sh</string> </array> <key>Nice</key> <integer>1</integer> <key>StartInterval</key> <integer>120</integer> <key>RunAtLoad</key> <true/> </dict> </plist> I made this .plist file just by searching the web.

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qsub: How can I find out what DRM middleware exactly is installed on a cluster?

- by gojira

I have a user account on a very big cluster. I have previous experience with Grid Engine and want to use the cluster for array jobs. The documentation tells me to use "qsub" for load balancing / submission of many jobs. Therefore I assumed this means the cluster has Grid Engine. However all my Grid Engine scripts failed to run. I checked the documentation and it is a bit weird. Now I slowly suspect that this cluster does not actually have Grid Engine, maybe it's running something called Torque (?!). The whole terminology in the man pages is a bit weird for me as a Grid Engine user, for example they talk about "bulk jobs" instead of "array jobs". There is no referral to variables on which I rely on, like SGE_TASK_ID etc. Instead they refer to variables starting with PBS_. Still, there are qsub and qstat commands. Also qsub behaves differently, apparently it is not possible to specifiy the command line parameters with bash-script comments etc. There is a documentation for the cluster system, but it does not say what the DRM middleware actually is - it refers to the entire DRM system simply as "qsub". I tried qsub --version qsub: 1.2 2010/8/17 I am not sure what I am actually running when I invoke qsub on that cluster! My question is, how can I find out if I am running Grid Engine or Torque (or whatever it is), and which version?

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Create a partition table on a hardware RAID1 drive with [c]fdisk

- by Lev Levitsky

My question is, is there a reason for this not to work? Details: I have two 500 Gb drives, and my motherboard RAID support, so I created a RAID1 array and booted from a Linux live medium. I then listed the disks and, apart from the obvious /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc. there was /dev/md126 which, I figured, was the mirrored "virtual" drive. Its size was 475 Gb; I had seen that the size of the array would be smaller than 500 Gb when I was creating it, so no surprise there. I did cfdisk /dev/md126, created the necessary partitions and chose write. It's been about half an hour now, I think. It doesn't seem like it's ever going to finish. The only thing about cfdisk in dmesg is that it's "blocked for more than 120 seconds". Doing fdisk -l /dev/md126 in another terminal I see all three partitions I created and a note that "Partition 1 does not start on a physical sector boundary". The table is lost after reboot, though. I tried to partition /dev/sda individually, and it worked, the table was written in about a second. The "not on a physical sector boundary" message is there, too. EDIT: I tried fdisk on /dev/sda, then there were no messages about sector boundaries. After a reboot, I am able to use mkfs on /dev/dm126p1, etc. fdisk shows that /dev/md126 has the same partitions as /dev/sda (but /dev/sdb doesn't have any). But at some point ("writing superblock and filesystem accounting information") mkfs is also blocked. Using it on sda1 results in a "partition is used by the system" error. What can be the problem? EDIT 2: I booted a freshly updated system from a pendrive and was able to create partition table and filesystems on /dev/md126 without any apparent problems. Was it an issue with the support of the hardware? My MB is Asus P9X79.

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Raid-z unaccessible after putting one disk offline

- by varesa

I have installed FreeNAS on a test server, with 3x 1Tb drives. They are setup in raidz. I tried to offline one of the disks (from the FreeNAS web-ui), and the array became degraded, as I think it should. The problem is with the array becoming unaccessible after that. I thought a raid like that should be able to run fine with one of the disks missing. Atleast very soon after I offline'd and pulled out the disk, the iSCSI share disappeared from a ESXi host's datastores. I also ssh'd into the FreeNAS server, and tried just executing ls /mnt/raid (/mnt/raid/ being the mount point). The whole terminal froze, not accepting ^C or anything. # zpool status -v pool: raid state: DEGRADED status: One or more devices are faulted in response to IO failures. action: Make sure the affected devices are connected, then run 'zpool clear'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-HC scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM raid DEGRADED 1 30 0 raidz1 DEGRADED 4 56 0 gptid/c8c9e44c-08e1-11e2-9ba6-001b212a83ea ONLINE 3 60 0 gptid/c96f32d5-08e1-11e2-9ba6-001b212a83ea ONLINE 3 63 0 gptid/ca208205-08e1-11e2-9ba6-001b212a83ea OFFLINE 0 0 0 errors: Permanent errors have been detected in the following files: /mnt/raid/ raid/iscsivol:<0x0> raid/iscsivol:<0x1> Have I understood the workings of a raidz wrong, or is there something else going on? It would not be nice to have the same thing happen on a production system...

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HP DL185 - very slow disk read speed

- by fistameeny

Hi, I have a HP DL185 G6 Server (12 disk model) with the following spec: Quad Core Xeon 2.27GHz 6GB RAM HP P212 RAID controller with battery backup 2 x 128GB 15K SAS 3.5" (RAID-1 for the operating system) 4 x 750GB 7.5K SAS 3.5" (RAID-5 for the data, 2TB usable space) The operating system is Ubuntu Server 9.10. Both drives have been formatted as EXT4. We are finding that read speed of the RAID-5 array is poor. Disk test results below: sudo hdparm -tT /dev/cciss/c0d1p1 /dev/cciss/c0d1p1: Timing cached reads: 15284 MB in 2.00 seconds = 7650.18 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 74 MB in 3.02 seconds = 24.53 MB/sec For info, the RAID-1 array performs as follows: sudo hdparm -tT /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 /dev/cciss/c0d0p1: Timing cached reads: 15652 MB in 2.00 seconds = 7834.26 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 492 MB in 3.01 seconds = 163.46 MB/sec We thought this was because with no battery, read/write cache is disabled. We have bought and installed the battery backup and have used the HP bootable CD to change the cache settings to 50% read / 50% write and check cache is enabled on the drives and the controller. Is there something I'm missing?

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Trying to limit IMAP folders/mailboxes my iPhone/iPad sees

- by QuantumMechanic

(Note: I am using dovecot 1.0.10 on Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS. Yes, I know I need to upgrade before next year :) (Note: The SMTP/IMAP server in question only serves my family, so there's only a very few users. Certainly what I propose below, even it it works, would be a logistical nightmare with any significant number of users). I have noticed (and have confirmed via google) that the iOS mail app is terrible in its handling of IMAP subscriptions, namespaces, etc. For example, my iPhone and iPad will see EVERYTHING (all mailboxes, folders, etc.), whereas clients like Thunderbird, alpine, etc. only see what I tell them to see. This makes it an incredible pain to move mail between mailboxes because I have to scroll through a gazillion things. The mail_location in dovecot.conf is: mail_location = mbox:%h/Mail/:INBOX=/var/mail/%u To get around this, I've been considering doing the following for user foo: Create a dovecot userdb with a foo-ios virtual user in it, whose UID is identical to that of the real (in /etc/passwd) foo user and with a homedir of /home/foo-ios. ln -s /var/mail/foo /var/mail/foo-ios mkdir -p /home/foo-ios/Mail cd /home/foo-ios/Mail ln -s /home/foo/Mail/mailbox-i-want-visible mailbox-i-want-visible Make symlinks for the rest of limited set of mailboxes/folders I want visible to the iOS mail app. chown -R foo:foo /home/foo-ios Change iOS mail app settings to log in as user foo-ios instead of user foo. Will this work or will there be some index/file corruption hell because there will be two sets of indexes (one set living in /home/foo/Mail/.imap and other set living in /home/foo-ios/Mail/.imap) indexing the same underlying mbox files? And I'd be more than happy to hear of a better way to do this with dovecot! (Or to hear that dovecot 2.x works better with iOS devices).

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How ZFS handles online replacement in a RAID-Z (theoretical)

- by Kevin

This is a somewhat theoretical question about ZFS and RAID-Z. I'll use a three disk single-parity array as an example for clarity, but the problem can be extended to any number of disks and any parity. Suppose we have disks A, B, and C in the pool, and that it is clean. Suppose now that we physically add disk D with the intention of replacing disk C, and that disk C is still functioning correctly and is only being replaced out of preventive maintenance. Some admins might just yank C and install D, which is a little more organized as devices need not change IDs - however this does leave the array degraded temporarily and so for this example suppose we install D without offlining or removing C. Solaris docs indicate that we can replace a disk without first offlining it, using a command such as: zpool replace pool C D This should cause a resilvering onto D. Let us say that resilvering proceeds "downwards" along a "cursor." (I don't know the actual terminology used in the internal implementation.) Suppose now that midways through the resilvering, disk A fails. In theory, this should be recoverable, as above the cursor B and D contain sufficient parity and below the cursor B and C contain sufficient parity. However, whether or not this is actually recoverable depnds upon internal design decisions in ZFS which I am not aware of (and which the manual doesn't say in certain terms). If ZFS continues to send writes to C below the cursor, then we are fine. If, however, ZFS internally treats C as though it were gone, resilvering D only from parity between A and B and only writing A and B below the cursor, then we're toast. Some experimenting could answer this question but I was hoping maybe someone on here already knows which way ZFS handles this situation. Thank you in advance for any insight!

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How to properly remove disk from PERC 6/i RAID controller ?

- by Stefano Borini

I have a Dell T710, coming with PERC 6/i RAID controller. The current raid has 2x500 GB hard drives (with the OS), and 6x1000 GB hard drives (in RAID-6, currently empty). I would like to take one 1000 GB disk physically out to keep as an immediate spare in case of a crash, and configure the remaining 5x1000 GB in a single VD RAID-6. This is all nice and clean and works, until I realized that the display on the machine reports the lack of the 8th disk as an error. It's marked as error, but appears to be a warning, since the machine is fully functional. My question is: what is the best way to keep one disk as a spare out of the array? should I disassemble the disk from the cradle and insert the empty cradle in the array ? Or should I just silence the error in the display in some way (how?). I know that what I am doing sounds pretty strange, but here is academia and having a spare disk available could take weeks. Better to have one ready in my drawer for any emergency.

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Tools for displaying a multidimensional data table?

- by ShreevatsaR

[Apologies if this sort of question is off-topic for SuperUser. Please redirect to the right place if so.] There is a 3-dimensional array of values. (That is, instead of a table/2-dimensional array with values in a grid, the values can be thought of in a cube instead.) Is there a way to display this "cube" interactively, ideally on a webpage? Specifically, given the data, it would work something like this: the user selects two of the 3 variables. He then sees a "stack" of tables, one for each value of the third variable (cross-sections, in other words). By selecting the appropriate table from the stack, he can see the (i,j,k) value he wants. The "technology" for displaying such a thing (stacked tables, rotation, etc.) already exists, so this seems the sort of thing that someone ought to have written already. To be clear: I don't need sophisticated graphics necessarily, just the ability to select from cross-sections of variables. But I have no experience with (say, for displaying on a webpage) what web gadgets exist, so I'm clueless how to even search for one. (Google searches like "multidimensional data visualization" didn't throw up anything useful. Google Spreadsheets can do a few kinds of charts which can be embedded on a webpage, but I cannot tell if this is one of them.) [I can imagine how it ought to work for higher dimensions. For four-dimensions, instead of selecting just a stack, you'd first select an (i,j) from an "outer table", which would show all (k,l) values for that (i,j). For higher dimensions, inductively: you select (i,j), and then repeat what you'd do with 2 fewer dimensions.] So has this been written? Is this easy to write? Where ought one to look for such a thing?

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Enterprise class storage best practices

- by churnd

One thing that has always perplexed me is storage best practices. Filesystems brag about how they can be petabytes or exabytes in size. Yet, I do not know many sysadmins who are willing to let a single volume grow over several terrabytes. I do know the primary reason behind this is how long it would take to rebuild the array should a drive fail. The more drives in a single LUN, the longer this takes and the greater your risk of losing another drive while the rebuild is taking place. Then there's usage reasons. Admins will carve out a LUN based on how much space they think needs to be allocated to the project. It seems more practical to me for the LUN to be one large array and to use quotas. I understand this wouldn't satisfy every requirement (iSCSI), but I see a lot of NAS systems (NFS) managed this way. I also understand that the underlying volumes can be grown/shrunk as needed quite easily, but wouldn't it be less "risky" to use quotas rather than manipulating volumes and bringing possible data loss into the equation? There may be some other reasons I'm missing, so please enlighten me. Can we not expect filesystems to ever be so large? Are we waiting for the hardware to get faster to cut down on rebuild times?

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Windows 7 BSOD when I walk away from the computer

- by bobobobo

I have a really weird experience with this new AM3 box I set up. Everything seems fine at first. But now I get frequent (daily) BSOD's, mostly when I walk away from the computer for more than 5 minutes (when the computer is idle). The BSOD's as shown by BlueScreenView almost always have to do with ntoskrnl.exe, and they'll do with really normal sounding operations, like SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION, NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM, DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL, KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED, BAD_POOL_HEADER - You name it. These are basically them, and they repeat after that, just random order. Its not like one is more consistently the problem than the other. I have Windows update ON and I let it do its updates everytime it wants to. I turned windows indexing service off, but it seems Windows 7 does a lot of background processing when I'm away - I'll come into the room and the fan will be going nuts (I'm pretty sure this isn't because the computer flies into a panic whenever I leave). I tried finding updates for my ASUS, and really there isn't much to install (except some new driver firmware). I'm going to install that to see if it helps, but what else could it be? Is it possible its a hardware issue with the board? Or is every Windows 7 user experiencing daily BSOD these days that I don't know about?

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IP tables blocking access to most hosts but some accesses being logged

- by epo

What am I getting wrong? A while back I locked down my web hosting service while hardening it or at least trying to. Apache listens on port 80 only and I set up iptables using the following: IPS="list of IPs" iptables --new-chain webtest # Accept all established connections iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 80 --jump webtest iptables -A INPUT --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT iptables -A webtest --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT for ip in $IPS; do iptables -A webtest --match state --state NEW --source $ip --jump ACCEPT done iptables -A webtest --jump DROP However looking at my apache logs I notice various log entries in access_log, e.g. 221.192.199.35 - - [16/May/2010:13:04:31 +0100] "GET http://www.wantsfly.com/prx2.php?hash=926DE27C156B40E55E4CFC8F005053E2D81E6D688AF0 HTTP/1.0" 404 206 "-" "Mozilla/ 4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)" 201.228.144.124 - - [16/May/2010:11:54:16 +0100] "GET /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) HTTP/1.1" 400 226 "-" "-" 207.46.195.224 - - [16/May/2010:04:06:48 +0100] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 311 "-" "msnbot/2.0b (+http://search.msn.com/msnbot.htm)" How are these slipping through? I don't mind the indexing bots (though I am a little surprised to see them get through). I suppose they must be getting through using the ESTABLISHED,RELATED rules. And no, I can't for the life of me remember why the first match state rule is there So 2 questions: is there a better way to set up iptables to restrict access to specified hosts? How exactly are these 3 examples slipping through?

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How do I reinitialise a failed RAID 5 drive using terminal on Ubuntu Server

- by Stephen

I've currently put together a new system and part of that has been creating a software RAID 5 using 'mdadm' in Ubuntu Server. I successfully got to the point where I create the array using: sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 I left it to do its thing overnight then used the following command to check on it: watch cat /proc/mdstat To which the following was returned: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4](S) sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0](F) 5860535808 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/2] [_UU_] unused devices: <none> It appears that one has failed (and I'm not too savvy with why another is a spare). So, just to be sure that something else isn't amiss I wanted to try and re-engage the failed drive. Can someone explain how I can do that and what I should do with the spare (if anything). And also how do I know when synchronisation is complete? The tutorial I used to get this far is located here: http://sonniesedge.co.uk/2009/06/13/software-raid-5-on-ubuntu-904/ Many thanks! p.s. Here is some extra information that may help: sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Mon Jun 18 21:14:21 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860535808 (5589.04 GiB 6001.19 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511936 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 18 21:50:26 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : myraidbox:0 (local to host myraidbox) UUID : a269ee94:a161600c:fb1665e7:bd2f27b3 Events : 13 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 0 0 3 removed 0 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 4 8 49 - spare /dev/sdd1

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Multidimensional data table?

- by ShreevatsaR

[Apologies if this sort of question is off-topic for SuperUser. Please redirect to the right place if so.] There is a 3-dimensional array of values. (That is, instead of a table/2-dimensional array with values in a grid, the values can be thought of in a cube instead.) Is there a way to display this "cube" interactively, ideally on a webpage? Specifically, given the data, it would work something like this: the user selects two of the 3 variables. He then sees a "stack" of tables, one for each value of the third variable (cross-sections, in other words). By selecting the appropriate table from the stack, he can see the (i,j,k) value he wants. The "technology" for displaying such a thing (stacked tables, rotation, etc.) already exists, so this seems the sort of thing that someone ought to have written already. To be clear: I don't need sophisticated graphics necessarily, just the ability to select from cross-sections of variables. But I have no experience with (say, for displaying on a webpage) what web gadgets exist, so I'm clueless how to even search for one. (Google searches like "multidimensional data visualization" didn't throw up anything useful. Google Spreadsheets can do a few kinds of charts which can be embedded on a webpage, but I cannot tell if this is one of them.) [I can imagine how it ought to work for higher dimensions. For four-dimensions, instead of selecting just a stack, you'd first select an (i,j) from an "outer table", which would show all (k,l) values for that (i,j). For higher dimensions, inductively: you select (i,j), and then repeat what you'd do with 2 fewer dimensions.] So has this been written? Is this easy to write? Where ought one to look for such a thing?

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Dynamically blocking excessive HTTP bandwidth use?

- by Jeff Atwood

We were a little surprised to see this on our Cacti graphs for June 4 web traffic: We ran Log Parser on our IIS logs and it turns out this was a perfect storm of Yahoo and Google bots indexing us.. in that 3 hour period, we saw 287k hits from 3 different google ips, plus 104k from yahoo. Ouch? While we don't want to block Google or Yahoo, this has come up before. We have access to a Cisco PIX 515E, and we're thinking about putting that in front so we can dynamically deal with bandwidth offenders without touching our web servers directly. But is that the best solution? I'm wondering if there is any software or hardware that can help us identify and block excessive bandwidth use, ideally in real time? Perhaps some bit of hardware or open-source software we can put in front of our web servers? We are mostly a windows shop but we have some linux skills as well; we're also open to buying hardware if the PIX 515E isn't sufficient. What would you recommend?

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Windows 8 x64 with VMWare Workstation or inside ESXi

- by Dommer

I need to run several virtual machines on a core i7-920 box with 12GB or RAM and a 256GB SSD to host the VMs. It also has a Highpoint RocketRaid 2720SGL RAID controller with a 12TB RAID 5 array. I want one of my VMs to run Windows 8 x64, to have access to the RAID array as a native disk (not as networked drives and it needs to run at full speed) and to be able to send files quickly across the network. Initially I thought I'd try to do this using ESXi 5, but I have been unable to find any working RAID drivers for the RR2720SGL and it is not on the HCL for ESXi 5. In light of this, I have installed Windows 8 x64 on the hardware and am thinking of installing VMWare Workstation and running my VMs inside there. I guess my questions are these: How does VMWare Workstation 9 perform compared to ESXi 5? In the real world I mean? Presumably installing Win 8 as the host OS will give me way better performance for that Win 8 machine than Win 8 running under ESXi? I should stick with Windows 8 x64 as the host OS, right? If I install a domain controller VM inside my Win 8 box and join the Win 8 machine to that domain, am I insane (I would guess the Win 8 machine wouldn't see the domain controller until it finished starting everything up, but I don't think that matters)?! is it feasible to give metrics like this and if so, what is the likely value of x? 25%? 50%? 75%? Win 8 under ESXi runs x% as fast as Win 8 installed bare metal.

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Rebuilding LVM after RAID recovery

- by Xiong Chiamiov

I have 4 disks RAID-5ed to create md0, and another 4 disks RAID-5ed to create md1. These are then combined via LVM to create one partition. There was a power outage while I was gone, and when I got back, it looked like one of the disks in md1 was out of sync - mdadm kept claiming that it only could find 3 of the 4 drives. The only thing I could do to get anything to happen was to use mdadm --create on those four disks, then let it rebuild the array. This seemed like a bad idea to me, but none of the stuff I had was critical (although it'd take a while to get it all back), and a thread somewhere claimed that this would fix things. If this trashed all of my data, then I suppose you can stop reading and just tell me that. After waiting four hours for the array to rebuild, md1 looked fine (I guess), but the lvm was complaining about not being able to find a device with the correct UUID, presumably because md1 changed UUIDs. I used the pvcreate and vgcfgrestore commands as documented here. Attempting to run an lvchange -a y on it, however, gives me a resume ioctl failed message. Is there any hope for me to recover my data, or have I completely mucked it up?

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Index a low-cost NAS on Windows 7

- by JcMaco

Has anyone found a way to index the files stored on a Networked Attached Storage on Windows 7 so that the files can be available in Windows Search and Libraries? I am referring to the cheap and available NAS like the Western Digital My Book series that use an embedded linux server. Similar question: http://windows7forums.com/windows-7-networking/6700-indexing-nas-drive-libraries.html EDIT Windows help proposes to make the files stored on the NAS available offline. This is obviously not a good solution if the NAS has more data than what the client can store. If the folder is on a network device that is not part of your homegroup, it can be included as long as the content of the folder is indexed. If the folder is already indexed on the device where it is stored, you should be able to include it directly in the library. If the network folder is not indexed, an easy way to index it is to make the folder available offline. This will create offline versions of the files in the folder, and add these files to the index on your computer. Once you make a folder available offline, you can include it in a library. When you make a network folder available offline, copies of all the files in that folder will be stored on your computer's hard disk. Take this into consideration if the network folder contains a large number of files.

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Move every 3 rows into a column in excel

- by Eliane El Asmr

Please i need your help. I need to move every 3 rows into a new colomn. --Let's suppose i have this: Ambassade de France S.E. M. Patrice PAOLI 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme. Jamilé Anan 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme . Marie Maamari 01-420000-420150 --I need them to be Like this: Ambassade de France S.E. M. Patrice PAOLI 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme. Jamilé Anan 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme . Marie Maamari 01-420000-420150 I have this code. Can you help me Please. It's giving me error. Out of range. What should i change? It's urgent:(the code is for every 7, i need for every 3) Sub Every7() Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, cl As Range Dim myarray(100, 6) As Integer 'I don't know what your data is. Mine is integer data 'Change 100 to however many rows you have in your original data, divided by seven, round up 'remember arrays start at zero, so 6 really is 7 If MsgBox("Is your entire data selected?", vbYesNo, "Data selected?") <> vbYes Then MsgBox ("First select all your data") End If 'Read data into array For Each cl In Selection.Cells Debug.Print cl.Value myarray(i, j) = cl.Value If j = 6 Then i = i + 1 j = 0 Else j = j + 1 End If Next 'Now paste the array for your data into a new worksheet Worksheets.Add Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(101, 7)) = myarray End Sub Thank you.

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Should I use "Raid 5 + spare" or "Raid 6"?

- by Trevor Boyd Smith

What is "Raid 5 + Spare" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID5+Spare: RAID 5+Spare is a RAID 5 array in which one disk is used as spare to rebuild the system as soon as a disk fails (Fig. 79). At least four disks are required. If one physical disk fails, the data remains available because it is read from the parity blocks. Data from a failed disk is rebuilt onto the hot spare disk. When a failed disk is replaced, the replacement becomes the new hot spare. No data is lost in the case of a single disk failure, but if a second disk fails before the system can rebuild data to the hot spare, all data in the array will be lost. What is "Raid 6" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID6: In RAID 6, data is striped across all disks (minimum of four) and a two parity blocks for each data block (p and q in Fig. 80) is written on the same stripe. If one physical disk fails, the data from the failed disk can be rebuilt onto a replacement disk. This Raid mode can support up to two disk failures with no data loss. RAID 6 provides for faster rebuilding of data from a failed disk. Both "Raid 5 + spare" and "Raid 6" are SO similar ... I can't tell the difference. When would "Raid 5 + Spare" be optimal? And when would "Raid 6" be optimal"? The manual dumbs down the different raid with 5 star ratings. "Raid 5 + Spare" only gets 4 stars but "Raid 6" gets 5 stars. If I were to blindly trust the manual I would conclude that "Raid 6" is always better. Is "Raid 6" always better?

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IP tables blocking access to most hosts but some accesses being logged

- by epo

What am I getting wrong? A while back I locked down my web hosting service while hardening it or at least trying to. Apache listens on port 80 only and I set up iptables using the following: IPS="list of IPs" iptables --new-chain webtest # Accept all established connections iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 80 --jump webtest iptables -A INPUT --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT iptables -A webtest --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT for ip in $IPS; do iptables -A webtest --match state --state NEW --source $ip --jump ACCEPT done iptables -A webtest --jump DROP However looking at my apache logs I notice various log entries in access_log, e.g. 221.192.199.35 - - [16/May/2010:13:04:31 +0100] "GET http://www.wantsfly.com/prx2.php?hash=926DE27C156B40E55E4CFC8F005053E2D81E6D688AF0 HTTP/1.0" 404 206 "-" "Mozilla/ 4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)" 201.228.144.124 - - [16/May/2010:11:54:16 +0100] "GET /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) HTTP/1.1" 400 226 "-" "-" 207.46.195.224 - - [16/May/2010:04:06:48 +0100] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 311 "-" "msnbot/2.0b (+http://search.msn.com/msnbot.htm)" How are these slipping through? I don't mind the indexing bots (though I am a little surprised to see them get through). I suppose they must be getting through using the ESTABLISHED,RELATED rules. And no, I can't for the life of me remember why the first match state rule is there So 2 questions: is there a better way to set up iptables to restrict access to specified hosts? How exactly are these 3 examples slipping through?

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How to diagnose storage system scaling problems?

- by Unknown

We are currently testing the maximum sequential read throughput of a storage system (48 disks total behind two HP P2000 arrays) connected to HP DL580 G7 running RHEL 5 with 128 GB of memory. Initial testing has been mainly done by running DD-commands like this: dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=3000 In parallel for each disk. However, we have been unable to scale the results from one array (maximum throughput of 1.3 GB/s) to two (almost the same throughput). Each array is connected to a dedicated host bust adapter, so they should not be the bottleneck. The disks are currently in JBOD configuration, so each disk can be addressed directly. I have two questions: Is running multiple DD commands in parallel really a good way to test maximum read throughput? We have noticed very high SWAPIN-% numbers in iotop, which I find hard to explain because the target is /dev/null How shoud we proceed in trying to find the reason for the scaling problem? Do you thing the server itself is the bottleneck here, or could there be some linux parameters that we have overlooked?

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Converting a Windows 2003 server

- by Jim Bass

We have a legacy database system based upon MS SQL running on Windows Server 2003. The client software will only run on Windows XP. We have recently had success converting a client into a virtual machine and running it under Fusion on Mac minis. So far, it is working incredibly well. So well, in fact, that we are now considering trying to convert the server to a virtual machine. This raises several questions, though: 1. The server uses a raid array. Does the VM virtualize the raid array? I only ask because in my experience Windows products don't like it when you change core hardware. 2. Is there any reason why running SQL server on a virtual machine won't work? It will be up 24/7. 3. Is there a different converter for servers? 4. Will I have to track down the licensing for MS SQL and Server 2003 or will they come across ok? 5. The company that designed the software is no longer in business. There is some fear that the software is somehow tied to the hardware configuration. We bought the hardware, but their engineers came out and configured the system. Will the virtual machine be able to spoof particular chip sets? Thanks! Jim Bass

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make file readable by other users

- by Alaa Gamal

i was trying to make one sessions for my all subdomains (one session across subdomains) subdomain number one auth.site.com/session_test.php session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '.site.com'); session_start(); echo session_id().'<br />'; $_SESSION['stop']='stopsss this'; print_r($_SESSION); subdomain number two anscript.site.com/session_test.php session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '.site.com'); session_start(); echo session_id().'<br />'; print_r($_SESSION); Now when i visit auth.site.com/session_test.php i get this result 06pqdthgi49oq7jnlvuvsr95q1 Array ( [stop] => stopsss this ) And when i visit anscript.site.com/session_test.php i get this result 06pqdthgi49oq7jnlvuvsr95q1 Array () session id is same! but session is empty after two days of failed trys, finally i detected the problem the problem is in file promissions the file is not readable by the another user session file on my server -rw------- 1 auth auth 25 Jul 11 11:07 sess_06pqdthgi49oq7jnlvuvsr95q1 when i make this command on the server chmod 777 sess_06pqdthgi49oq7jnlvuvsr95q1 i get the problem fixed!! the file is became readable by (anscript.site.com) So, how to fix this problem? How to set the default promissions on session files? this is the promissions of the sessions directory Access: (0777/drwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)

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