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Why does this code generate an error? [closed]

- by user559601

<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://b.static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yJ/r/H2SSvhJMJA-.xml" title="" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/y7/r/5875srnzL-I.ico" /></head> <body class="WelcomePage UIPage_LoggedOut mac Locale_en_US"> <div id="FB_HiddenContainer" style="position:absolute; top:-10000px; width:0px; height:0px;" ></div> <div id="blueBar" class="loggedOut"></div> <div id="globalContainer"><div id="dialogContainer"></div><div id="dropmenu_container"></div> <div id="content" class="fb_content clearfix"><div > <div class="WelcomePage_Container"><div class="loggedout_menubar_container"><div class="clearfix loggedout_menubar"><a class="lfloat" href="/" title="Go to Home"><img class="fb_logo img" src="http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yp/r/kk8dc2UJYJ4.png" alt="Facebook logo" width="170" height="36" /></a><div class="rfloat"><div class="menu_login_container"><form method="POST" action="https://login.facebook.com/login.php?login_attempt=1" id="login_form" onsubmit="return Event.__inlineSubmit(this,event)"><input type="hidden" name="charset_test" value="€,´,€,´,?,?,?" /><input type="hidden" name="lsd" value="hEICz" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" id="locale" name="locale" value="en_US" autocomplete="off" /><table cellspacing="0"><tr><td class="html7magic"><label for="email">Email</label></td><td class="html7magic"><label for="pass">Password</label></td></tr><tr><td><input type="text" class="inputtext" name="email" id="email" tabindex="1" /></td><td><input type="password" class="inputtext" name="pass" id="pass" tabindex="2" /></td><td><label class="uiButton uiButtonConfirm"><input value="Login" tabindex="4" type="submit" /></label></td></tr><tr><td class="login_form_label_field"><input type="checkbox" class="inputcheckbox" value="1" id="persistent" name="persistent" checked="1" /><input type="hidden" name="default_persistent" value="1" /><label 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id="no_js_box"><h2>Javascript is disabled on your browser.</h2><p>Please enable JavaScript on your browser or upgrade to a Javascript-capable browser to register for Facebook.</p></div></noscript><div id="simple_registration_container" class="simple_registration_container"><div id="reg_box"><form method="post" id="reg" name="reg" onsubmit="return function(event){return false;}.call(this,event)!==false && Event.__inlineSubmit(this,event)"><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" name="post_form_id" value="c3a2bed7243b9a85f53d69f23a38da9d" /><input type="hidden" name="lsd" value="hEICz" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="reg_instance" name="reg_instance" value="bpgeTawHFSiHa5-7SR4gbif7" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="locale" name="locale" value="en_US" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="terms" name="terms" value="on" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="abtest_registration_group" name="abtest_registration_group" value="1" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="referrer" name="referrer" value="" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="md5pass" name="md5pass" value="" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="validate_mx_records" name="validate_mx_records" value="1" /><input type="hidden" autocomplete="off" id="ab_test_data" name="ab_test_data" value="" /><div id="reg_form_box" class="large_form"><table class="uiGrid editor" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"><tbody><tr><td class="label">First Name:</td><td><div class="field_container"><input type="text" class="inputtext" id="firstname" name="firstname" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="label">Last Name:</td><td><div class="field_container"><input type="text" class="inputtext" id="lastname" name="lastname" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="label">Your Email:</td><td><div class="field_container"><input type="text" class="inputtext" id="reg_email__" name="reg_email__" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="label">Re-enter Email:</td><td><div class="field_container"><input type="text" class="inputtext" id="reg_email_confirmation__" name="reg_email_confirmation__" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="label">New Password:</td><td><div class="field_container"><input type="password" class="inputtext" id="reg_passwd__" name="reg_passwd__" value="" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="label">I am:</td><td><div class="field_container"><div class="hidden_elem"><select><option></option><option></option></select><select><option></option><option></option></select></div><select class="select" name="sex" id="sex"><option value="0">Select Sex:</option><option value="1">Female</option><option value="2">Male</option></select></div></td></tr><tr><td class="label">Birthday:</td><td><div class="field_container"> <select class="" id="birthday_month" name="birthday_month" onchange="return run_with(this, ["editor"], function() {editor_date_month_change(this, "birthday_day", "birthday_year");});"><option value="-1">Month:</option><option value="1">Jan</option>

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Difference between Class Abstraction and Object Interfaces in PHP?

- by Mark Tomlin

What is the difference between a Class Abstraction and an Object Interfaces in PHP? I ask because, I don't really see the point to both of them, they both do the same thing! So, what are the advantages of disadvantages using both against one or the other? Class Abstraction: abstract class aClass { // Force extending class to define these methods abstract public function setVariable($name, $var); abstract public function getHtml($template); } Object Interface: interface iClass { // Force impementing class to define these methods public function setVariable($name, $var); public function getHtml($template); }

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Can pydoc/help() hide the documentation for inherited class methods and attributes?

- by EOL

When declaring a class that inherits from a specific class: class C(dict): added_attribute = 0 the documentation for class C lists all the methods of dict (either through help(C) or pydoc). Is there a way to hide the inherited methods from the automatically generated documentation (the documentation string can refer to the base class, for non-overwritten methods)? or is it impossible? This would be useful: pydoc lists the functions defined in a module after its classes. Thus, when the classes have a very long documentation, a lot of less than useful information is printed before the new functions provided by the module are presented, which makes the documentation harder to exploit (you have to skip all the documentation for the inherited methods until you reach something specific to the module being documented).

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A new mission statement for my school's algorithms class

- by Eric Fode

The teacher at Eastern Washington University that is now teaching the algorithms course is new to eastern and as a result the course has changed drastically mostly in the right direction. That being said I feel that the class could use a more specific, and industry oriented (since that is where most students will go, though suggestions for an academia oriented class are also welcome) direction, having only worked in industry for 2 years I would like the community's (a wider and much more collectively experienced and in the end plausibly more credible) opinion on the quality of this as a statement for the purpose an algorithms class, and if I am completely off target your suggestion for the purpose of a required Jr. level Algorithms class that is standalone (so no other classes focusing specifically on algorithms are required). The statement is as follows: The purpose of the algorithms class is to do three things: Primarily, to teach how to learn, do basic analysis, and implement a given algorithm found outside of the class. Secondly, to teach the student how to model a problem in their mind so that they can find a an existing algorithm or have a direction to start the development of a new algorithm. Third, to overview a variety of algorithms that exist and to deeply understand and analyze one algorithm in each of the basic algorithmic design strategies: Divide and Conquer, Reduce and Conquer, Transform and Conquer, Greedy, Brute Force, Iterative Improvement and Dynamic Programming. The Question in short is: do you agree with this statement of the purpose of an algorithms course, so that it would be useful in the real world, if not what would you suggest?

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Calling a .NET C# class from XSLT

- by HanSolo

If you've ever worked with XSLT, you'd know that it's pretty limited when it comes to its programming capabilities. Try writing a for loop in XSLT and you'd know what I mean. XSLT is not designed to be a programming language so you should never put too much programming logic in your XSLT. That code can be a pain to write and maintain and so it should be avoided at all costs. Keep your xslt simple and put any complex logic that your xslt transformation requires in a class. Here is how you can create a helper class and call that from your xslt. For example, this is my helper class: public class XsltHelper { public string GetStringHash(string originalString) { return originalString.GetHashCode().ToString(); } } And this is my xslt file(notice the namespace declaration that references the helper class): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0" xmlns:ext="http://MyNamespace"> <xsl:output method="text" indent="yes" omit-xml-declaration="yes"/> <xsl:template match="/">The hash code of "<xsl:value-of select="stringList/string1" />" is "<xsl:value-of select="ext:GetStringHash(stringList/string1)" />". </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Here is how you can include the helper class as part of the transformation: string xml = "<stringList><string1>test</string1></stringList>"; XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument(); xmlDocument.LoadXml(xml); XslCompiledTransform xslCompiledTransform = new XslCompiledTransform(); xslCompiledTransform.Load("XSLTFile1.xslt"); XsltArgumentList xsltArgs = new XsltArgumentList(); xsltArgs.AddExtensionObject("http://MyNamespace", Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(XsltHelper))); using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("TransformResults.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite)) { // transform the xml and output to the output file ... xslCompiledTransform.Transform(xmlDocument, xsltArgs, fileStream); }

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Updating entities in response to collisions - should this be in the collision-detection class or in the entity-updater class?

- by Prog

In a game I'm working on, there's a class responsible for collision detection. It's method detectCollisions(List<Entity> entities) is called from the main gameloop. The code to update the entities (i.e. where the entities 'act': update their positions, invoke AI, etc) is in a different class, in the method updateEntities(List<Entity> entities). Also called from the gameloop, after the collision detection. When there's a collision between two entities, usually something needs to be done. For example, zero the velocity of both entities in the collision, or kill one of the entities. It would be easy to have this code in the CollisionDetector class. E.g. in psuedocode: for(Entity entityA in entities){ for(Entity entityB in entities){ if(collision(entityA, entityB)){ if(entityA instanceof Robot && entityB instanceof Robot){ entityA.setVelocity(0,0); entityB.setVelocity(0,0); } if(entityA instanceof Missile || entityB instanceof Missile){ entityA.die(); entityB.die(); } } } } However, I'm not sure if updating the state of entities in response to collision should be the job of CollisionDetector. Maybe it should be the job of EntityUpdater, which runs after the collision detection in the gameloop. Is it okay to have the code responding to collisions in the collision detection system? Or should the collision detection class only detect collisions, report them to some other class and have that class affect the state of the entities?

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Class Decorators, Inheritence, super(), and maximum recursion

- by jamstooks

I'm trying to figure out how to use decorators on subclasses that use super(). Since my class decorator creates another subclass a decorated class seems to prevent the use of super() when it changes the className passed to super(className, self). Below is an example: def class_decorator(cls): class _DecoratedClass(cls): def __init__(self): return super(_DecoratedClass, self).__init__() return _DecoratedClass class BaseClass(object): def __init__(self): print "class: %s" % self.__class__.__name__ def print_class(self): print "class: %s" % self.__class__.__name__ bc = BaseClass().print_class() class SubClass(BaseClass): def print_class(self): super(SubClass, self).print_class() sc = SubClass().print_class() @class_decorator class SubClassAgain(BaseClass): def print_class(self): super(SubClassAgain, self).print_class() sca = SubClassAgain() # sca.print_class() # Uncomment for maximum recursion The output should be: class: BaseClass class: BaseClass class: SubClass class: SubClass class: _DecoratedClass Traceback (most recent call last): File "class_decorator_super.py", line 34, in <module> sca.print_class() File "class_decorator_super.py", line 31, in print_class super(SubClassAgain, self).print_class() ... ... RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object Does anyone know of a way to not break a subclass that uses super() when using a decorator? Ideally I'd like to reuse a class from time to time and simply decorate it w/out breaking it.

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Adding a class to the $tag surrounding a <label> in a Zend_Form with the Label decorator

- by Roderik

I'm trying to get the following html out of Zend_Form <div class="group wat-cf"> <div class="left"> <label class="label right">Username</label> </div> <div class="right"> <input type="text" class="text_field"> </div> </div> Using the following code: $username->setAttrib("class", "text_field") ->setDecorators(array( 'ViewHelper', 'Description', 'Errors', array(array('data'=>'HtmlTag'), array('tag' => 'div', 'class' => 'right')), array('Label', array('tag' => 'div', 'class' => 'label right')), array(array('row'=>'HtmlTag'),array('tag'=>'div', 'class' => 'group wat-cf')) )); I can get the next fragment <div class="group wat-cf"> <div id="username-label"> <label for="username" class="label right required">Username:</label> </div> <div class="right"> <input type="text" name="username" id="username" value="" class="text_field"> </div> </div> so apart from some extra id's and required classes i don't mind, i need to get a class "left" on div id="username-label" Now adding class to the Label line, gets the class added on the element. I also don't see and option to do this in the Label decorator code itself. So i need a custom Label decorator, or is there some other way i'm missing?

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How do I access abstract private data from derived class without friend or 'getter' functions in C++?

- by John

So, I am caught up in a dilemma right now. How am I suppose to access a pure abstract base class private member variable from a derived class? I have heard from a friend that it is possible to access it through the base constructor, but he didn't explain. How is it possible? There are some inherited classes from base class. Is there any way to gain access to the private variables ? class Base_button { private: bool is_vis; Rect rButton; public: // Constructors Base_button(); Base_button( const Point &corner, double height, double width ); // Destructor virtual ~ Base_button(); // Accessors virtual void draw() const = 0; bool clicked( const Point &click ) const; bool is_visible() const; // Mutators virtual void show(); virtual void hide(); void move( const Point &loc ); }; class Button : public Base_button { private: Message mButton; public: // Constructors Button(); Button( const Point &corner, const string &label ); // Acessors virtual void draw() const; // Mutators virtual void show(); virtual void hide(); }; I want to be able access Rect and bool in the base class from the subclass

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templated method on T inside a templated class on TT : Is that possible/correct.

- by paercebal

I have a class MyClass which is templated on typename T. But inside, I want a method which is templated on another type TT (which is unrelated to T). After reading/tinkering, I found the following notation: template <typename T> class MyClass { public : template<typename TT> void MyMethod(const TT & param) ; } ; For stylistic reasons (I like to have my templated class declaration in one header file, and the method definitions in another header file), I won't define the method inside the class declaration. So, I have to write it as: template <typename T> // this is the type of the class template <typename TT> // this is the type of the method void MyClass<T>::MyMethod(const TT & param) { // etc. } I knew I had to "declare" the typenames used in the method, but didn't know how exactly, and found through trials and errors. The code above compiles on Visual C++ 2008, but: Is this the correct way to have a method templated on TT inside a class templated on T? As a bonus: Are there hidden problems/surprises/constraints behind this kind of code? (I guess the specializations can be quite amusing to write)

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Can a grails controller extend from a base class? How to make it so grails doesn't blow up?

- by egervari

I wrote a base class to help build my controllers more quickly and to remove duplication. It provides some helper methods, default actions and some meta programming to make these things easier to build. One of those methods in the base class is like this: def dynamicList(Class clazz) { def model = new LinkedHashMap() model[getMapString(clazz) + "s"] = list(clazz) model[getMapString(clazz) + "sTotal"] = count(clazz) model } The action that calls it, also in the base class, is this: def list = { dynamicList(clazz) } Unfortunately, when I go to list action in the controller subclass that inherits the base class when my application is deployed, I get this exception: groovy.lang.MissingMethodException: No signature of method: groovy.lang.MissingMethodException.dynamicList() is applicable for argument types: (java.lang.Class) values: [class project .user.User] at project.user.UserController$_closure1.doCall(UserController.groovy:18) at project.user.UserController$_closure1.doCall(UserController.groovy) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) How can I hit grails over the head and just tell it do what I want it to do? My controller unit tests run just fine, so grails' run-time is totally at fault :/ Ken

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How to deal with class composition when components cannot be accessed from the outside?

- by Chathuranga

For example if I say I have three classes A, B, and C where B and C have a composition relation ship with A. That means the life of B and C is handled by A, and also B and C cannot access directly from the outside. For some reason my DataService class needs to return objects of B and C as It cant return a object of A as B and C cannot be initialized at the same time. (to be able to initializeC you have to initializeB first). So that I'm returning DataTables from DataService and then inside the class A those data tables are converted to B / C objects. If B and C objects cannot be initialized at the same time is it valid to say that B and C have a composition relationship with A? If its composition is it must to generate A with B and C inside? What is the proper way to handle this sort of a problem? EDIT: Following code explains the way I'm doing it now with DataTables. Example: class A { private List<B> B; private List <C> C; public A() { B= new List<B>(); C= new List<C>(); } public List<B> GetB( DataTable dt) { // Create a B list from dt return B; } } class Presenter { private void Show B() { _View.DataGrid = A.GetB(DataService.GetAListOfB()); } } The actual scenario is I have a class called WageInfo and classes Earning and Deduction having a composition relationship in the design. But for you to generate Deductions first you should Generate earnings and should be saved in a table. Then only you can generate deductions for the earnings to calculate balance wages. Also note that these contained classes have a one to many relationship with the containing class WageInfo. So actually WageInfo has a List<Earnings> and List<Deduction> My initial question was, is it ok if my DataService class returns Deductions / Earnings objects (actually lists) not a WageInfo? Still not clear?

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A Reusable Builder Class for .NET testing

- by Liam McLennan

When writing tests, other than end-to-end integration tests, we often need to construct test data objects. Of course this can be done using the class’s constructor and manually configuring the object, but to get many objects into a valid state soon becomes a large percentage of the testing effort. After many years of painstakingly creating builders for each of my domain objects I have finally become lazy enough to bother to write a generic, reusable builder class for .NET. To use it you instantiate a instance of the builder and configuring it with a builder method for each class you wish it to be able to build. The builder method should require no parameters and should return a new instance of the type in a default, valid state. In other words the builder method should be a Func<TypeToBeBuilt>. The best way to make this clear is with an example. In my application I have the following domain classes that I want to be able to use in my tests: public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public bool IsAndroid { get; set; } } public class Building { public string Street { get; set; } public Person Manager { get; set; } } The builder for this domain is created like so: build = new Builder(); build.Configure(new Dictionary<Type, Func<object>> { {typeof(Building), () => new Building {Street = "Queen St", Manager = build.A<Person>()}}, {typeof(Person), () => new Person {Name = "Eugene", Age = 21}} }); Note how Building depends on Person, even though the person builder method is not defined yet. Now in a test I can retrieve a valid object from the builder: var person = build.A<Person>(); If I need a class in a customised state I can supply an Action<TypeToBeBuilt> to mutate the object post construction: var person = build.A<Person>(p => p.Age = 99); The power and efficiency of this approach becomes apparent when your tests require larger and more complex objects than Person and Building. When I get some time I intend to implement the same functionality in Javascript and Ruby. Here is the full source of the Builder class: public class Builder { private Dictionary<Type, Func<object>> defaults; public void Configure(Dictionary<Type, Func<object>> defaults) { this.defaults = defaults; } public T A<T>() { if (!defaults.ContainsKey(typeof(T))) throw new ArgumentException("No object of type " + typeof(T).Name + " has been configured with the builder."); T o = (T)defaults[typeof(T)](); return o; } public T A<T>(Action<T> customisation) { T o = A<T>(); customisation(o); return o; } }

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The design of a generic data synchronizer, or, an [object] that does [actions] with the aid of [helpers]

- by acheong87

I'd like to create a generic data-source "synchronizer," where data-source "types" may include MySQL databases, Google Spreadsheets documents, CSV files, among others. I've been trying to figure out how to structure this in terms of classes and interfaces, keeping in mind (what I've read about) composition vs. inheritance and is-a vs. has-a, but each route I go down seems to violate some principle. For simplicity, assume that all data-sources have a header-row-plus-data-rows format. For example, assume that the first rows of Google Spreadsheets documents and CSV files will have column headers, a.k.a. "fields" (to parallel database fields). Also, eventually, I would like to implement this in PHP, but avoiding language-specific discussion would probably be more productive. Here's an overview of what I've tried. Part 1/4: ISyncable class CMySQL implements ISyncable GetFields() // sql query, pdo statement, whatever AddFields() RemFields() ... _dbh class CGoogleSpreadsheets implements ISyncable GetFields() // zend gdata api AddFields() RemFields() ... _spreadsheetKey _worksheetId class CCsvFile implements ISyncable GetFields() // read from buffer AddFields() RemFields() ... _buffer interface ISyncable GetFields() AddFields($field1, $field2, ...) RemFields($field1, $field2, ...) ... CanAddFields() // maybe the spreadsheet is locked for write, or CanRemFields() // maybe no permission to alter a database table ... AddRow() ModRow() RemRow() ... Open() Close() ... First Question: Does it make sense to use an interface, as above? Part 2/4: CSyncer Next, the thing that does the syncing. class CSyncer __construct(ISyncable $A, ISyncable $B) Push() // sync A to B Pull() // sync B to A Sync() // Push() and Pull() only differ in direction; factor. // Sync()'s job is to make sure that the fields on each side // match, to add fields where appropriate and possible, to // account for different column-orderings, etc., and of // course, to add and remove rows as necessary to sync. ... _A _B Second Question: Does it make sense to define such a class, or am I treading dangerously close to the "Kingdom of Nouns"? Part 3/4: CTranslator? ITranslator? Now, here's where I actually get lost, assuming the above is passable. Sometimes, two ISyncables speak different "dialects." For example, believe it or not, Google Spreadsheets (accessed through the Google Data API "list feed") returns column headers lower-cased and stripped of all spaces and symbols! That is, sys_TIMESTAMP is systimestamp, as far as my code can tell. (Yes, I am aware that the "cell feed" does not strip the name so; however cell-by-cell manipulation is too slow for what I'm doing.) One can imagine other hypothetical examples. Perhaps even the data itself can be in different "dialects." But let's take it as given for now, and not argue this if possible. Third Question: How would you implement "translation"? Note: Taking all this as an exercise, I'm more interested in the "idealized" design, rather than the practical one. (God knows that shipped sailed when I began this project.) Part 4/4: Further Thought Here's my train of thought to demonstrate I've thunk, albeit unfruitfully: First, I thought, primitively, "I'll just modify CMySQL::GetFields() to lower-case and strip field names so they're compatible with Google Spreadsheets." But of course, then my class should really be called, CMySQLForGoogleSpreadsheets, and that can't be right. So, the thing which translates must exist outside of an ISyncable implementor. And surely it can't be right to make each translation a method in CSyncer. If it exists outside of both ISyncable and CSyncer, then what is it? (Is it even an "it"?) Is it an abstract class, i.e. abstract CTranslator? Is it an interface, since a translator only does, not has, i.e. interface ITranslator? Does it even require instantiation? e.g. If it's an ITranslator, then should its translation methods be static? (I learned what "late static binding" meant, today.) And, dear God, whatever it is, how should a CSyncer use it? Does it "have" it? Is it, "it"? Who am I? ...am I, "I"? I've attempted to break up the question into sub-questions, but essentially my question is singular: How does one implement an object A that conceptually "links" (has) two objects b1 and b2 that share a common interface B, where certain pairs of b1 and b2 require a helper, e.g. a translator, to be handled by A? Something tells me that I've overcomplicated this design, or violated a principle much higher up. Thank you all very much for your time and any advice you can provide.

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c# multi inheritance

- by user326839

So ive got a base class which requires a Socket: class Sock { public Socket s; public Sock(Socket s) { this.s = s; } public virtual void Process(byte[] data) { } ... } then ive got another class. if a new socket gets accepted a new instance of this class will be created: class Game : Sock { public Random Random = new Random(); public Timerr Timers; public Test Test; public Game(Socket s) : base(s) { } public static void ReceiveNewSocket(object s) { Game Client = new Game((Socket)s); Client.Start(); } public override void Process(byte[] buf) { Timers = new Timerr(s); Test = new Test(s); Test.T(); } } in the Sock class ive got a virtual function that gets overwritten by the Game class.(Process function) in this function im calling a function from the Test Class(Test+ Timerr Class: class Test : Game { public Test(Socket s) : base(s) { } public void T() { Console.WriteLine(Random.Next(0, 10)); Timers.Start(); } } class Timerr : Game { public Timerr(Socket s) : base(s) { } public void Start() { Console.WriteLine("test"); } } ) So in the Process function im calling a function in Test. And in this function(T) i need to call a function from the Timerr Class.But the problem is its always NULL , although the constructor is called in Process. And e.g. the Random Class can be called, i guess its because its defined with the constructor.: public Random Random = new Random(); and thats why the other classes(without a constructor): public Timerr Timers; public Test Test; are always null in the inherited class Test.But its essentiel that i call other Methods of other classes in this function.How could i solve that?

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Python: Why can't I use `super` on a class?

- by cool-RR

Why can't I use super to get a method of a class's superclass? Example: Python 3.1.3 >>> class A(object): ... def my_method(self): pass >>> class B(A): ... def my_method(self): pass >>> super(B).my_method Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module> super(B).my_method AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute 'my_method' (Of course this is a trivial case where I could just do A.my_method, but I needed this for a case of diamond-inheritance.) According to super's documentation, it seems like what I want should be possible. This is super's documentation: (Emphasis mine) super() - same as super(__class__, <first argument>) super(type) - unbound super object super(type, obj) - bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type) super(type, type2) - bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type) [non-relevant examples redacted]

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How do I create a list or set object in a class in Python?

- by Az

For my project, the role of the Lecturer (defined as a class) is to offer projects to students. Project itself is also a class. I have some global dictionaries, keyed by the unique numeric id's for lecturers and projects that map to objects. Thus for the "lecturers" dictionary (currently): lecturer[id] = Lecturer(lec_name, lec_id, max_students) I'm currently reading in a white-space delimited text file that has been generated from a database. I have no direct access to the database so I haven't much say on how the file is formatted. Here's a fictionalised snippet that shows how the text file is structured. Please pardon the cheesiness. 0001 001 "Miyamoto, S." "Even Newer Super Mario Bros" 0002 001 "Miyamoto, S." "Legend of Zelda: Skies of Hyrule" 0003 002 "Molyneux, P." "Project Milo" 0004 002 "Molyneux, P." "Fable III" 0005 003 "Blow, J." "Ponytail" The structure of each line is basically proj_id, lec_id, lec_name, proj_name. Now, I'm currently reading the relevant data into the relevant objects. Thus, proj_id is stored in class Project whereas lec_name is a class Lecturer object, et al. The Lecturer and Project classes are not currently related. However, as I read in each line from the text file, for that line, I wish to read in the project offered by the lecturer into the Lecturer class; I'm already reading the proj_id into the Project class. I'd like to create an object in Lecturer called offered_proj which should be a set or list of the projects offered by that lecturer. Thus whenever, for a line, I read in a new project under the same lec_id, offered_proj will be updated with that project. If I wanted to get display a list of projects offered by a lecturer I'd ideally just want to use print lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj. My Python isn't great and I'd appreciate it if someone could show me a way to do that. I'm not sure if it's better as a set or a list, as well. Update After the advice from Alex Martelli and Oddthinking I went back and made some changes and tried to print the results. Here's the code snippet: for line in csv_file: proj_id = int(line[0]) lec_id = int(line[1]) lec_name = line[2] proj_name = line[3] projects[proj_id] = Project(proj_id, proj_name) lecturers[lec_id] = Lecturer(lec_id, lec_name) if lec_id in lecturers.keys(): lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj.add(proj_id) print lec_id, lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj The print lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj line prints the following output: 001 set([0001]) 001 set([0002]) 002 set([0003]) 002 set([0004]) 003 set([0005]) It basically feels like the set is being over-written or somesuch. So if I try to print for a specific lecturer print lec_id, lecturers[001].offered_proj all I get is the last the proj_id that has been read in.

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Which should be created first ER Diagram OR Class Diagram?

- by isthatacode

The very first step i created a DFD. Then i moved on to create a Class Diagram. And while doing that i felt that i should create the ER diagram first. As there were many details which could not be captured in a Class diagram. So, my question should i create ERD first OR Class Diagrams ? your valuable inputs are appreciated guys!!! thanks for reading

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Can can I reference extended methods/params without having to cast from the base class object return

- by Greg

Hi, Is there away to not have a "cast" the top.First().Value() return to "Node", but rather have it automatically assume this (as opposed to NodeBase), so I then see extended attributes for the class I define in Node? That is is there a way to say: top.Nodes.First().Value.Path; as opposed to now having to go: ((Node)top.Nodes.First().Value).Path) thanks [TestMethod()] public void CreateNoteTest() { var top = new Topology(); Node node = top.CreateNode("a"); node.Path = "testpath"; Assert.AreEqual("testpath", ((Node)top.Nodes.First().Value).Path); // *** HERE *** } class Topology : TopologyBase<string, Node, Relationship> { } class Node : NodeBase<string> { public string Path { get; set; } } public class NodeBase<T> { public T Key { get; set; } public NodeBase() { } public NodeBase(T key) { Key = key; } } public class TopologyBase<TKey, TNode, TRelationship> where TNode : NodeBase<TKey>, new() where TRelationship : RelationshipBase<TKey>, new() { // Properties public Dictionary<TKey, NodeBase<TKey>> Nodes { get; private set; } public List<RelationshipBase<TKey>> Relationships { get; private set; } }

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Accessing constructor from abstract base class with reflection

- by craesh

Hi! I'm playing around with Java's Reflection. I have an abstract class Base with a constructor. abstract class Base { public Base( String foo ) { // do some magic } } I have some further classes extending Base. They don't contain much logic. I want to instantiate them with Base's constructor, without having to write some proxy contructors in those derived classes. And of course, I want to instantiate those derived classes with Reflection. Say: Class cls = SomeDerivedClass.class; Constructor constr; constr = cls.getConstructor( new Class[] { String.class } ); // will return null Class clsBase = Base.class; constr = clsBase.getConstructor( new Class[] { String.class } ); // ok Base obj = (Base) constr.newInstance( new Object[] { "foo" } ); // will throw InstantiationException because it belongs to an abstract class Any ideas, how I can instantiate a derived class with Base's constructor? Or must I declare those dumb proxy constructors?

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How do I run jQuery form validation by class?

- by joshcomley

Hi there, I've been using the jQuery form validator, but I can't seem to figure out how to trigger it by class. Take this example: $("#myform").validate({ rules: { field: { required: true, date: true } } }); Where field it is expecting the name of the particular input. But, what if I have the following: <input class="date".... /> How can I tell the validator to validate all inputs with a "date" class as a date?

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What am I not getting about this abstract class implementation?

- by Schnapple

PREFACE: I'm relatively inexperienced in C++ so this very well could be a Day 1 n00b question. I'm working on something whose long term goal is to be portable across multiple operating systems. I have the following files: Utilities.h #include <string> class Utilities { public: Utilities() { }; virtual ~Utilities() { }; virtual std::string ParseString(std::string const& RawString) = 0; }; UtilitiesWin.h (for the Windows class/implementation) #include <string> #include "Utilities.h" class UtilitiesWin : public Utilities { public: UtilitiesWin() { }; virtual ~UtilitiesWin() { }; virtual std::string ParseString(std::string const& RawString); }; UtilitiesWin.cpp #include <string> #include "UtilitiesWin.h" std::string UtilitiesWin::ParseString(std::string const& RawString) { // Magic happens here! // I'll put in a line of code to make it seem valid return ""; } So then elsewhere in my code I have this #include <string> #include "Utilities.h" void SomeProgram::SomeMethod() { Utilities *u = new Utilities(); StringData = u->ParseString(StringData); // StringData defined elsewhere } The compiler (Visual Studio 2008) is dying on the instance declaration c:\somepath\somecode.cpp(3) : error C2259: 'Utilities' : cannot instantiate abstract class due to following members: 'std::string Utilities::ParseString(const std::string &)' : is abstract c:\somepath\utilities.h(9) : see declaration of 'Utilities::ParseString' So in this case what I'm wanting to do is use the abstract class (Utilities) like an interface and have it know to go to the implemented version (UtilitiesWin). Obviously I'm doing something wrong but I'm not sure what. It occurs to me as I'm writing this that there's probably a crucial connection between the UtilitiesWin implementation of the Utilities abstract class that I've missed, but I'm not sure where. I mean, the following works #include <string> #include "UtilitiesWin.h" void SomeProgram::SomeMethod() { Utilities *u = new UtilitiesWin(); StringData = u->ParseString(StringData); // StringData defined elsewhere } but it means I'd have to conditionally go through the different versions later (i.e., UtilitiesMac(), UtilitiesLinux(), etc.) What have I missed here?

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Python Introspection: How to get varnames of class methods?

- by daccle

I want to get the names of the keyword arguments of the methods of a class. I think I understood how to get the names of the methods and how to get the variable names of a specific method, but I don't get how to combine these: class A(object): def A1(self, test1=None): self.test1 = test1 def A2(self, test2=None): self.test2 = test2 def A3(self): pass def A4(self, test4=None, test5=None): self.test4 = test4 self.test5 = test5 a = A() # to get the names of the methods: for methodname in a.__class__.__dict__.keys(): print methodname # to get the variable names of a specific method: for varname in a.A1.__func__.__code__.co_varnames: print varname # I want to have something like this: for function in class: print function.name for varname in function: print varname # desired output: A1 self test1 A2 self test2 A3 self A4 self test4 test5

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Is it good to subclass a class only to separate some functional parts?

- by prostynick

Suppose we have abstract class A (all examples in C#) public abstract class A { private Foo foo; public A() { } public void DoSomethingUsingFoo() { //stuff } public void DoSomethingElseUsingFoo() { //stuff } //a lot of other stuff... } But we are able to split it into two classes A and B: public abstract class A { public A() { } //a lot of stuff... } public abstract class B : A { private Foo foo; public B() : base() { } public void DoSomethingUsingFoo() { //stuff } public void DoSomethingElseUsingFoo() { //stuff } //nothing else or just some overrides of A stuff } That's good, but we are 99.99% sure, that no one will ever subclass A, because functionality in B is very important. Is it still good to have two separate classes only to split some code into two parts and to separate functional elements?

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which should be drawn first , class or sequence diagram?

- by m0j1

hi , I've had this discussion with my professor at college about UML diagrams . hi believes that sequence diagrams should be drawn before getting to class diagrams . but I think the opposite . I think after finishing the usecase diagram , the next diagram should be class diagram and after that we should get to sequence diagram . Rational rose requires us to use the classes in sequence diagram, which are already in class diagram . can anyone help me with this? thanks

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