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  • Pulseaudio no sound card detected. Dummy output only

    - by Zach Smith
    I'm using 12.10 Quantal with Openbox and a .xinitrc script at login instead of a display manager. Its a relatively fresh install and I noticed when I opened pavucontrol the only output was a dummy one. I check around and it appears that my soundcard is physically installed but Pulseaudio isn't detecting it. I'm really unsure what I should do but any help getting my audio back would be appreciated. Edit: further info if its at all useful: dante@dante-ubuntu:~$ uname -a && aplay -l && cat /proc/asound/version && head -n 1 /proc/asound/card*/codec#* Linux dante-ubuntu 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:31:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux aplay: device_list:252: no soundcards found... Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.25. == /proc/asound/card0/codec#0 <== Codec: ATI R6xx HDMI == /proc/asound/card1/codec#0 <== Codec: IDT 92HD81B1X5

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  • How to tell thunar to stop using my device?

    - by Guillaume Coté
    When I do sudo umount /media/KINGSTON I got umount: /media/KINGSTON: device is busy. By using fuser -c /media/KINGSTON And cat /proc/<pid>/cmdline I found that the process is thunar--deamon. I closed all file manager windows. When I try to umount it by right cliking on the desktop, it also gave an error : An application is preventing the volume "KINGSTON" from being unmounted I am affraid that killing Thunar is going to impact other process running in other terminal. How can I tell it that I don't need this usb key anymore so it stop using it?

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  • C or assembly code to find current cpu core speed

    - by honestann
    How can my application efficiently determine the following information peroidically while it executes: 1: current speed of each of the 8 CPU cores. 2: which core the code is currently executing on. My application is C and assembly-language, so any solution in either C or assembly-language is fine. This code needs to execute quickly, so creating, reading and processing a file generated by "cat /proc/cpuinfo" is much too slow. The cores slow-down and speed-up automatically, probably to keep CPU temperature under control. Therefore, a one-time measure is not sufficient for my purposes. My application already reads and subtracts the cpu cycle counter in assembly language to determine number of clock cycles, but my program cannot compute elapsed time in nanoseconds unless it knows the current clock frequency of the cpu cores (and which core the code is executing on). Thanks!

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  • ALT+SysRq+REISUB hangs at "resetting" (without actually resetting/restarting) in Maverick

    - by Andrei
    I'm trying ALT+SysRq+REISUB to see how it would be used to restart my system safely in case of emergency. However, I find that ALT+SysRq+REISUB hangs at "resetting" (without actually resetting/restarting) in Maverick. All other SysRq combinations appear to work correctly (i.e. ALT+SysRq+REISU). cat /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq returns 0. But I'm not sure it's relevant because ALT+SysRq certainly works. What can I do to have "B" actually restart the system? Thanks!

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  • Can't connect to Wired Network after installing 12.04

    - by ezz9
    I have installed 12.04 into a used HP Compaq DC 7100 CMT. Plugged in LAN cable into the computer and it says network disconnected. from what I understand on the things I've read, it's not getting the address right, maybe it's just a guess (hardware address 00:16:35:78:47:bb). I know the LAN cable is working I can get on the net with the old computer. (Old computer is using device MAC address; Auto eth0 00:11:11:E6:4F:FE). I have put this address into the newer HP and it shows last used (minutes ago) but no Internet sever not found. I tried the hardware address it says never. I feel and think this should be easy to fix. But I just don't know. Here is the info everyone has asked for, but they never say what I should do. sudo lshw -C network; rfkill list; cat /etc/network/interfaces; cat /etc/lsb-release; lspci -nn; lsusb; uname -a; ifconfig; route -n *-network description: ethernet interface product; NetXtreme BCM5751 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:40:00.0 logical name: eth0 verson: 01 serial: 00:16:35:78:47:bb size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000-fd configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion= 3.121 duplex=full firmware=5751-v3.29a latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twi sted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:17 memory:f0400000-f040ffff auto lo iface lo inet loopback DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION= "Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" 00:00.0 host bridge [0600]: Inter Corporation 82915G/P/GV/GL/PL/910GL Memory Con troller Hub [8086:2580] (rev 04) 00.02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 82915G/GV/910GL inte grated Graphics Controller [8086:2582] (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) PCI Express Port 1 [8086:2660] (rev 03) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) PCI Express Port 2 [8086:2662] (rev 03) 00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Fam ily) USB UHCI #1 [8086:2658] (rev 03) 00:1d.1 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Fam ily) USB UHCI #2 [8086:2659] (rev 03) 00:1d.2 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Fam ily) USB UHCI #3 [8086:265a] (rev 03) 00:1d.3 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Fam ily) USB UHCI #4 [8086:265b] (rev 03) 00:1d.7 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Fam ily) USB2 UHCI Controller [8086:265c] (rev 03) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI bridge [8086:244e] (rev d 3) 00:1e.2 Multimedia audio controller [0401]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/ FRW (ICH6 Family) AC'97 Autio conrtroller [8086:266e] (rev 03) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/RF (ICH6/ICH6R) LPC Interfa ce Bridge [8086:2640] (rev 03) 00:1f.1 IDE interface [0101]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 fami ly) IDE Controller [8086:266f] (rev 03) 00:1f.2 IDE interface [0101]: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FW (ICH6/ICH6W) SATA Con troller [8086:2651] (rev 03) 40:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation NetXreme BCM5751 Gigab it Ethernet PCI Express [14e4:1677} (rev 01) Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Linux bob-desktop 3.2.0-23-generic-pae #36-Ubuntu SMP Tpr 10 22:19:09 UTC 20 12 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:35:78:47:bb inet6 addr: fe80::216:35ff:47bb/64 Scope:link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2517 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:164 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:164508 (164.5 KB) TX bytes: 40884 (40.0 KB) Interrupt:17 lo Link encap:Local loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:3290 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3290 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen: 0 RX bytes:267212 (267.2 KB) TX bytes: 267212 (267.2 KB) Kernel Ip routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface ran this sudo dhclient eth0 no reply ran this ip addr 1: lo <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST ,MULTICAST ,UP ,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 link/enter 00:16:35:78:47:BB brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 169.254.7.172/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope link eth0:avahi inet6 fe80::216:35ff:fe78:47bb/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever Help please.

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  • Bluetooth not detected on Asus X401A / Ubuntu 12.10

    - by Majster-pl
    I have Asus X401A ( according to specs bluetooth is build-in to this laptop, http://www.asus.com/Notebooks/Versatile_Performance/X401A/#specifications ) Bluetooth in global settings is gray ( unable to turn it on ) rfkill list output: 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: asus-wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no cat /var/log/dmesg | grep Blue* [ 5.895791] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 5.895807] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 5.895809] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 5.895810] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 5.895814] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 5.909618] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 5.909621] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 5.910020] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 5.910024] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 5.910025] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 hcitool dev Devices: (empty) My wifes laptop Asus K53 have the same problem Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Any help please ?

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  • gcc no longer works after up grade to latest Ubuntu

    - by Hugh S. Myers
    As an example: hsmyers@ubuntu:~/c_dev$ cat hello.c #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc,char **argv) { printf("Hello World!\n"); return 0; } hsmyers@ubuntu:~/c_dev$ gcc -c -o hello.o hello.c In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:28:0, from hello.c:1: /usr/include/features.h:323:26: fatal error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. At a guess somewhere along the way after trying to fix the error message: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory I've munged things up completely. Could anyone please advise? --hsm

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  • SysRq+REISUB hangs at "resetting" (without actually resetting/restarting) in Maverick

    - by Andrei
    I'm trying SysRq+REISUB to see how it would be used to restart my system safely in case of emergency. However, I find that SysRq+REISUB hangs at "resetting" (without actually resetting/restarting) in Maverick. All other SysRq combinations appear to work correctly (i.e. SysRq+REISU). cat /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq returns 0. But I'm not sure it's relevant because SysRq certainly works. What can I do to have "B" actually restart the system? Thanks!

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  • Nagging As A Strategy For Better Linking: -z guidance

    - by user9154181
    The link-editor (ld) in Solaris 11 has a new feature that we call guidance that is intended to help you build better objects. The basic idea behind guidance is that if (and only if) you request it, the link-editor will issue messages suggesting better options and other changes you might make to your ld command to get better results. You can choose to take the advice, or you can disable specific types of guidance while acting on others. In some ways, this works like an experienced friend leaning over your shoulder and giving you advice — you're free to take it or leave it as you see fit, but you get nudged to do a better job than you might have otherwise. We use guidance to build the core Solaris OS, and it has proven to be useful, both in improving our objects, and in making sure that regressions don't creep back in later. In this article, I'm going to describe the evolution in thinking and design that led to the implementation of the -z guidance option, as well as give a brief description of how it works. The guidance feature issues non-fatal warnings. However, experience shows that once developers get used to ignoring warnings, it is inevitable that real problems will be lost in the noise and ignored or missed. This is why we have a zero tolerance policy against build noise in the core Solaris OS. In order to get maximum benefit from -z guidance while maintaining this policy, I added the -z fatal-warnings option at the same time. Much of the material presented here is adapted from the arc case: PSARC 2010/312 Link-editor guidance The History Of Unfortunate Link-Editor Defaults The Solaris link-editor is one of the oldest Unix commands. It stands to reason that this would be true — in order to write an operating system, you need the ability to compile and link code. The original link-editor (ld) had defaults that made sense at the time. As new features were needed, command line option switches were added to let the user use them, while maintaining backward compatibility for those who didn't. Backward compatibility is always a concern in system design, but is particularly important in the case of the tool chain (compilers, linker, and related tools), since it is a basic building block for the entire system. Over the years, applications have grown in size and complexity. Important concepts like dynamic linking that didn't exist in the original Unix system were invented. Object file formats changed. In the case of System V Release 4 Unix derivatives like Solaris, the ELF (Extensible Linking Format) was adopted. Since then, the ELF system has evolved to provide tools needed to manage today's larger and more complex environments. Features such as lazy loading, and direct bindings have been added. In an ideal world, many of these options would be defaults, with rarely used options that allow the user to turn them off. However, the reality is exactly the reverse: For backward compatibility, these features are all options that must be explicitly turned on by the user. This has led to a situation in which most applications do not take advantage of the many improvements that have been made in linking over the last 20 years. If their code seems to link and run without issue, what motivation does a developer have to read a complex manpage, absorb the information provided, choose the features that matter for their application, and apply them? Experience shows that only the most motivated and diligent programmers will make that effort. We know that most programs would be improved if we could just get you to use the various whizzy features that we provide, but the defaults conspire against us. We have long wanted to do something to make it easier for our users to use the linkers more effectively. There have been many conversations over the years regarding this issue, and how to address it. They always break down along the following lines: Change ld Defaults Since the world would be a better place the newer ld features were the defaults, why not change things to make it so? This idea is simple, elegant, and impossible. Doing so would break a large number of existing applications, including those of ISVs, big customers, and a plethora of existing open source packages. In each case, the owner of that code may choose to follow our lead and fix their code, or they may view it as an invitation to reconsider their commitment to our platform. Backward compatibility, and our installed base of working software, is one of our greatest assets, and not something to be lightly put at risk. Breaking backward compatibility at this level of the system is likely to do more harm than good. But, it sure is tempting. New Link-Editor One might create a new linker command, not called 'ld', leaving the old command as it is. The new one could use the same code as ld, but would offer only modern options, with the proper defaults for features such as direct binding. The resulting link-editor would be a pleasure to use. However, the approach is doomed to niche status. There is a vast pile of exiting code in the world built around the existing ld command, that reaches back to the 1970's. ld use is embedded in large and unknown numbers of makefiles, and is used by name by compilers that execute it. A Unix link-editor that is not named ld will not find a majority audience no matter how good it might be. Finally, a new linker command will eventually cease to be new, and will accumulate its own burden of backward compatibility issues. An Option To Make ld Do The Right Things Automatically This line of reasoning is best summarized by a CR filed in 2005, entitled 6239804 make it easier for ld(1) to do what's best The idea is to have a '-z best' option that unchains ld from its backward compatibility commitment, and allows it to turn on the "best" set of features, as determined by the authors of ld. The specific set of features enabled by -z best would be subject to change over time, as requirements change. This idea is more realistic than the other two, but was never implemented because it has some important issues that we could never answer to our satisfaction: The -z best proposal assumes that the user can turn it on, and trust it to select good options without the user needing to be aware of the options being applied. This is a fallacy. Features such as direct bindings require the user to do some analysis to ensure that the resulting program will still operate properly. A user who is willing to do the work to verify that what -z best does will be OK for their application is capable of turning on those features directly, and therefore gains little added benefit from -z best. The intent is that when a user opts into -z best, that they understand that z best is subject to sometimes incompatible evolution. Experience teaches us that this won't work. People will use this feature, the meaning of -z best will change, code that used to build will fail, and then there will be complaints and demands to retract the change. When (not if) this occurs, we will of course defend our actions, and point at the disclaimer. We'll win some of those debates, and lose others. Ultimately, we'll end up with -z best2 (-z better), or other compromises, and our goal of simplifying the world will have failed. The -z best idea rolls up a set of features that may or may not be related to each other into a unit that must be taken wholesale, or not at all. It could be that only a subset of what it does is compatible with a given application, in which case the user is expected to abandon -z best and instead set the options that apply to their application directly. In doing so, they lose one of the benefits of -z best, that if you use it, future versions of ld may choose a different set of options, and automatically improve the object through the act of rebuilding it. I drew two conclusions from the above history: For a link-editor, backward compatibility is vital. If a given command line linked your application 10 years ago, you have every reason to expect that it will link today, assuming that the libraries you're linking against are still available and compatible with their previous interfaces. For an application of any size or complexity, there is no substitute for the work involved in examining the code and determining which linker options apply and which do not. These options are largely orthogonal to each other, and it can be reasonable not to use any or all of them, depending on the situation, even in modern applications. It is a mistake to tie them together. The idea for -z guidance came from consideration of these points. By decoupling the advice from the act of taking the advice, we can retain the good aspects of -z best while avoiding its pitfalls: -z guidance gives advice, but the decision to take that advice remains with the user who must evaluate its merit and make a decision to take it or not. As such, we are free to change the specific guidance given in future releases of ld, without breaking existing applications. The only fallout from this will be some new warnings in the build output, which can be ignored or dealt with at the user's convenience. It does not couple the various features given into a single "take it or leave it" option, meaning that there will never be a need to offer "-zguidance2", or other such variants as things change over time. Guidance has the potential to be our final word on this subject. The user is given the flexibility to disable specific categories of guidance without losing the benefit of others, including those that might be added to future versions of the system. Although -z fatal-warnings stands on its own as a useful feature, it is of particular interest in combination with -z guidance. Used together, the guidance turns from advice to hard requirement: The user must either make the suggested change, or explicitly reject the advice by specifying a guidance exception token, in order to get a build. This is valuable in environments with high coding standards. ld Command Line Options The guidance effort resulted in new link-editor options for guidance and for turning warnings into fatal errors. Before I reproduce that text here, I'd like to highlight the strategic decisions embedded in the guidance feature: In order to get guidance, you have to opt in. We hope you will opt in, and believe you'll get better objects if you do, but our default mode of operation will continue as it always has, with full backward compatibility, and without judgement. Guidance suggestions always offers specific advice, and not vague generalizations. You can disable some guidance without turning off the entire feature. When you get guidance warnings, you can choose to take the advice, or you can specify a keyword to disable guidance for just that category. This allows you to get guidance for things that are useful to you, without being bothered about things that you've already considered and dismissed. As the world changes, we will add new guidance to steer you in the right direction. All such new guidance will come with a keyword that let's you turn it off. In order to facilitate building your code on different versions of Solaris, we quietly ignore any guidance keywords we don't recognize, assuming that they are intended for newer versions of the link-editor. If you want to see what guidance tokens ld does and does not recognize on your system, you can use the ld debugging feature as follows: % ld -Dargs -z guidance=foo,nodefs debug: debug: Solaris Linkers: 5.11-1.2275 debug: debug: arg[1] option=-D: option-argument: args debug: arg[2] option=-z: option-argument: guidance=foo,nodefs debug: warning: unrecognized -z guidance item: foo The -z fatal-warning option is straightforward, and generally useful in environments with strict coding standards. Note that the GNU ld already had this feature, and we accept their option names as synonyms: -z fatal-warnings | nofatal-warnings --fatal-warnings | --no-fatal-warnings The -z fatal-warnings and the --fatal-warnings option cause the link-editor to treat warnings as fatal errors. The -z nofatal-warnings and the --no-fatal-warnings option cause the link-editor to treat warnings as non-fatal. This is the default behavior. The -z guidance option is defined as follows: -z guidance[=item1,item2,...] Provide guidance messages to suggest ld options that can improve the quality of the resulting object, or which are otherwise considered to be beneficial. The specific guidance offered is subject to change over time as the system evolves. Obsolete guidance offered by older versions of ld may be dropped in new versions. Similarly, new guidance may be added to new versions of ld. Guidance therefore always represents current best practices. It is possible to enable guidance, while preventing specific guidance messages, by providing a list of item tokens, representing the class of guidance to be suppressed. In this way, unwanted advice can be suppressed without losing the benefit of other guidance. Unrecognized item tokens are quietly ignored by ld, allowing a given ld command line to be executed on a variety of older or newer versions of Solaris. The guidance offered by the current version of ld, and the item tokens used to disable these messages, are as follows. Specify Required Dependencies Dynamic executables and shared objects should explicitly define all of the dependencies they require. Guidance recommends the use of the -z defs option, should any symbol references remain unsatisfied when building dynamic objects. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=nodefs. Do Not Specify Non-Required Dependencies Dynamic executables and shared objects should not define any dependencies that do not satisfy the symbol references made by the dynamic object. Guidance recommends that unused dependencies be removed. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=nounused. Lazy Loading Dependencies should be identified for lazy loading. Guidance recommends the use of the -z lazyload option should any dependency be processed before either a -z lazyload or -z nolazyload option is encountered. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=nolazyload. Direct Bindings Dependencies should be referenced with direct bindings. Guidance recommends the use of the -B direct, or -z direct options should any dependency be processed before either of these options, or the -z nodirect option is encountered. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=nodirect. Pure Text Segment Dynamic objects should not contain relocations to non-writable, allocable sections. Guidance recommends compiling objects with Position Independent Code (PIC) should any relocations against the text segment remain, and neither the -z textwarn or -z textoff options are encountered. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=notext. Mapfile Syntax All mapfiles should use the version 2 mapfile syntax. Guidance recommends the use of the version 2 syntax should any mapfiles be encountered that use the version 1 syntax. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=nomapfile. Library Search Path Inappropriate dependencies that are encountered by ld are quietly ignored. For example, a 32-bit dependency that is encountered when generating a 64-bit object is ignored. These dependencies can result from incorrect search path settings, such as supplying an incorrect -L option. Although benign, this dependency processing is wasteful, and might hide a build problem that should be solved. Guidance recommends the removal of any inappropriate dependencies. This guidance can be disabled with -z guidance=nolibpath. In addition, -z guidance=noall can be used to entirely disable the guidance feature. See Chapter 7, Link-Editor Quick Reference, in the Linker and Libraries Guide for more information on guidance and advice for building better objects. Example The following example demonstrates how the guidance feature is intended to work. We will build a shared object that has a variety of shortcomings: Does not specify all it's dependencies Specifies dependencies it does not use Does not use direct bindings Uses a version 1 mapfile Contains relocations to the readonly allocable text (not PIC) This scenario is sadly very common — many shared objects have one or more of these issues. % cat hello.c #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> void hello(void) { printf("hello user %d\n", getpid()); } % cat mapfile.v1 # This version 1 mapfile will trigger a guidance message % cc hello.c -o hello.so -G -M mapfile.v1 -lelf As you can see, the operation completes without error, resulting in a usable object. However, turning on guidance reveals a number of things that could be better: % cc hello.c -o hello.so -G -M mapfile.v1 -lelf -zguidance ld: guidance: version 2 mapfile syntax recommended: mapfile.v1 ld: guidance: -z lazyload option recommended before first dependency ld: guidance: -B direct or -z direct option recommended before first dependency Undefined first referenced symbol in file getpid hello.o (symbol belongs to implicit dependency /lib/libc.so.1) printf hello.o (symbol belongs to implicit dependency /lib/libc.so.1) ld: warning: symbol referencing errors ld: guidance: -z defs option recommended for shared objects ld: guidance: removal of unused dependency recommended: libelf.so.1 warning: Text relocation remains referenced against symbol offset in file .rodata1 (section) 0xa hello.o getpid 0x4 hello.o printf 0xf hello.o ld: guidance: position independent (PIC) code recommended for shared objects ld: guidance: see ld(1) -z guidance for more information Given the explicit advice in the above guidance messages, it is relatively easy to modify the example to do the right things: % cat mapfile.v2 # This version 2 mapfile will not trigger a guidance message $mapfile_version 2 % cc hello.c -o hello.so -Kpic -G -Bdirect -M mapfile.v2 -lc -zguidance There are situations in which the guidance does not fit the object being built. For instance, you want to build an object without direct bindings: % cc -Kpic hello.c -o hello.so -G -M mapfile.v2 -lc -zguidance ld: guidance: -B direct or -z direct option recommended before first dependency ld: guidance: see ld(1) -z guidance for more information It is easy to disable that specific guidance warning without losing the overall benefit from allowing the remainder of the guidance feature to operate: % cc -Kpic hello.c -o hello.so -G -M mapfile.v2 -lc -zguidance=nodirect Conclusions The linking guidelines enforced by the ld guidance feature correspond rather directly to our standards for building the core Solaris OS. I'm sure that comes as no surprise. It only makes sense that we would want to build our own product as well as we know how. Solaris is usually the first significant test for any new linker feature. We now enable guidance by default for all builds, and the effect has been very positive. Guidance helps us find suboptimal objects more quickly. Programmers get concrete advice for what to change instead of vague generalities. Even in the cases where we override the guidance, the makefile rules to do so serve as documentation of the fact. Deciding to use guidance is likely to cause some up front work for most code, as it forces you to consider using new features such as direct bindings. Such investigation is worthwhile, but does not come for free. However, the guidance suggestions offer a structured and straightforward way to tackle modernizing your objects, and once that work is done, for keeping them that way. The investment is often worth it, and will replay you in terms of better performance and fewer problems. I hope that you find guidance to be as useful as we have.

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  • URL good practice for category sub category?

    - by Seting
    I have developed a application and I need to work for SEO-friendly URL. I have following URL structure: http://localhost:3000/posts/product/testing-with-slug-url-2 and http://localhost:3000/posts/product/testing-with-slug-url-2-4-23 Is this a good practice? If not how can I rewrite it? Ok Ill explain about my applicaiton. My application is based on shopping. if a customer searched for mobiles. it will redirect to url like this http://mydomain.com/cat/mobile-3 3 in the url indicates my database id it is used for further searching After the user reached the mobile page he may need to filter for some brand eg. nokia so my url look lik http://mydomain.com/subcat/nokia-3-2 The integer at the end refers to 3 category id and 2 the brand id My doubt is whether the integer at the end of the url will affect seo ranking.

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  • Intel graphics Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS: does not detect second monitor

    - by user206551
    I have some problems to get the second monitor working on my Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS. If I click on the detect button it does not work. Info about my system: $uname -a Linux LabTop2 3.8.0-32-generic #47~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 2 16:22:28 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux $cat /etc/*-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS" NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="12.04.3 LTS, Precise Pangolin" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu precise (12.04.3 LTS)" VERSION_ID="12.04" $lspci |grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09) $lsmod | grep video uvcvideo 72250 0 videobuf2_core 39385 1 uvcvideo videodev 96131 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core videobuf2_vmalloc 12920 1 uvcvideo videobuf2_memops 13042 1 videobuf2_vmalloc video 19116 1 i915 $xrandr -q xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default Screen 0: minimum 1366 x 768, current 1368 x 768, maximum 1368 x 768 default connected 1368x768+0+0 0mm x 0mm 1366x768 0.0 1368x768 0.0* Before upgrading the system, xrand -q showed my much more resolution options and the other monitor. I have tried to install intel-linux-graphics-installer but this version of ubuntu is not supported Any help will be apreciated!!

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  • Automatically select headphones when plugged in

    - by Joachim Pileborg
    When I plug headphones into my desktop computer, they are not automatically selected for output, instead all sound still goes through my S/PDIF output to the stereo. The headphones alternative is added in the sound settings, and I have to manually select it as output device. $ cat /proc/asound/pcm 00-00: ALC898 Analog : ALC898 Analog : playback 1 : capture 1 00-01: ALC898 Digital : ALC898 Digital : playback 1 00-02: ALC898 Analog : ALC898 Analog : capture 2 I have done a Google search, as well as search askubuntu.com, but none of the answers in the hits I found seems to help. Also, after listening with the headphones and then unplug them, the previous output is not automatically selected, so I have no sound at all then. I have to manually select the correct output in the settings.

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  • file acess slow after deletion of many files

    - by stefan
    I recently accidentally created millions of files in one folder (rougly 5 million) and due to limitations I couldn't process them correctly (maximum argument count exceeded for wc / ls and such stuff). So I deleted them, which took quite a while, but now they're gone. I deleted the files with a regular rm. It weren't any system files. So the files are definitively deleted, but the system is very slow on file stuff now. ls, cat and auto-complete by pressing tab freezes the terminal for several seconds. Is this some sort of fragmentation issue? Is it an issue with the files beeing still somehow present?

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  • How do I change my resolution to 1600*900 for a wide screen monitor?

    - by Madhu
    How do I change my resolution to 1600*900 for a wide screen monitor in Oneiric? My Hardware configuration is as below: madhu@madhu-Home:~$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 671MX 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] AGP Port (virtual PCI-to-PCI bridge) 00:02.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS968 [MuTIOL Media IO] (rev 01) 00:02.5 IDE interface: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 5513 [IDE] (rev 01) 00:03.0 USB Controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] USB 1.1 Controller (rev 0f) 00:03.1 USB Controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] USB 1.1 Controller (rev 0f) 00:03.3 USB Controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] USB 2.0 Controller 00:04.0 Ethernet controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 191 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (rev 02) 00:05.0 IDE interface: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SATA Controller / IDE mode (rev 03) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] PCI-to-PCI bridge 00:07.0 PCI bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] PCI-to-PCI bridge 00:0f.0 Audio device: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] Azalia Audio Controller 00:1f.0 PCI bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] PCI-to-PCI bridge 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 771/671 PCIE VGA Display Adapter (rev 10) madhu@madhu-Home:~$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf

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  • Multiple Object Instantiation

    - by Ricky Baby
    I am trying to get my head around object oriented programming as it pertains to web development (more specifically PHP). I understand inheritance and abstraction etc, and know all the "buzz-words" like encapsulation and single purpose and why I should be doing all this. But my knowledge is falling short with actually creating objects that relate to the data I have in my database, creating a single object that a representative of a single entity makes sense, but what are the best practises when creating 100, 1,000 or 10,000 objects of the same type. for instance, when trying to display a list of the items, ideally I would like to be consistent with the objects I use, but where exactly should I run the query/get the data to populate the object(s) as running 10,000 queries seems wasteful. As an example, say I have a database of cats, and I want a list of all black cats, do I need to set up a FactoryObject which grabs the data needed for each cat from my database, then passes that data into each individual CatObject and returns the results in a array/object - or should I pass each CatObject it's identifier and let it populate itself in a separate query.

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  • Can't adjust brightness on Samsung RV420 with fn keys

    - by nicholascamp
    Typing ls /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness outputs /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness /sys/class/backlight/samsung/brightness The max_brightness for the second is 8, but changing it with echo 2 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/samsung/brightness doesn't change brightness. I can do it by using intel_backlight: echo 2000 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness (max_brightness: cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness outputs 4648). But I want to do this work with the fn brightness keys, as I always did. I don't know what happened to stop working, maybe the use of +1 monitor and removing it in a wrong time or a system update. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits in an Samsung RV420 notebook. Kernel Version is 3.2.0-27-generic. Could you help me? Please tell me what more info should I provide. Thanks!

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  • Audio 2 dj soundcard configuration

    - by Jaroslav
    I have an http://www.native-instruments.com/#/en/products/dj/audio-2-dj/ The problem in settings it only sees one outpout, when there should be two(I need that for mixxx etc.) Also I want to be able set the sample rate to one of these 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96 kHz or at least check which one is set. Additionally if possible setting the latency would be an advantage. Some info: aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: TraktorAudio2 [Traktor Audio 2], device 0: Traktor Audio 2 [Traktor Audio 2] Subdevices: 1/2 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 Subdevice #1: subdevice #1 cat /proc/asound/cards 0 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI HDA ATI HDMI at 0xfdcfc000 irq 45 1 [TraktorAudio2 ]: snd-usb-caiaq - Traktor Audio 2 Native Instruments Traktor Audio 2 (usb-0000:00:1d.7-8)

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  • Sound issues after trying everything

    - by Lerp
    I cannot get my sound working properly, no matter what I do, there's always some problem. It's very annoying as it's the only thing preventing me from making Ubuntu my main OS. At the moment my sound always plays through both my speakers and my headphones regardless except the sound through the headphones is crackly. It is also a bit quiet even though everything is maxed. I've managed to improve the situation to a point where the sound out of my speakers is perfect but I have none at all from my headphones. I do have two connectors listed in the sound settings but regardless of which one is selected it always plays through the speakers. I think this might have something to do with the fact that my speakers are plugging into the front of my computer, typically the headphone jack, and my headphones are plugging into the back but when I try disconnecting the speakers from the front there is still no sound from the headphones. I fixed the speaker sound by going through the sound settings and making sure they were all set to 100% then rebooting. Things I have tried: Maxing everything and unmuting everything in alsamixer Uninstalling pulseaudio Making gstreamer use only alsa via gstreamer-properties. This worked with the sound test button including independent sound between headphones and speakers but when I reset the computer it no longer worked. So I tried setting it manually in gconf-editor which didn't work either. Reinstalling alsa and pulseaudio Setting the model in /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf to 6stack and 6stack-dig neither worked. Upgrading to 12.10 Here's some command output to help you diagnose my problem. aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: AD198x Analog [AD198x Analog] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: AD198x Digital [AD198x Digital] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 2: AD198x Headphone [AD198x Headphone] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 sudo lshw -C sound *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 82801JI (ICH10 Family) HD Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:70 memory:f7ff8000-f7ffbfff cat /proc/asound/card*/codec* | grep "Codec" Codec: Analog Devices AD1989B cat /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf # autoloader aliases install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0 install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1 install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2 install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3 install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4 install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5 install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6 install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7 # Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; } # # Workaround at bug #499695 (reverted in Ubuntu see LP #319505) install snd-pcm /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-pcm $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-pcm-oss ; : ; } install snd-mixer /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-mixer $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-mixer-oss ; : ; } install snd-seq /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-seq $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-oss ; : ; } # install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; : ; } # Cause optional modules to be loaded above sound card driver modules install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-emu10k1-synth ; } install snd-via82xx /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-via82xx $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; } # Load saa7134-alsa instead of saa7134 (which gets dragged in by it anyway) install saa7134 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist saa7134-alsa ; : ; } # Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0 options bt87x index=-2 options cx88_alsa index=-2 options saa7134-alsa index=-2 options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2 options snd-intel8x0m index=-2 options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2 options snd-usb-audio index=-2 options snd-usb-caiaq index=-2 options snd-usb-ua101 index=-2 options snd-usb-us122l index=-2 options snd-usb-usx2y index=-2 # Ubuntu #62691, enable MPU for snd-cmipci options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388 # Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard options snd-pcsp index=-2 # Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard options snd-usb-audio index=-2 options snd-hda-intel model=6stack

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  • build command by concatenating string in bash

    - by Lennart Rolland
    I have a bash script that builds a command-line in a string based on some parameters before executing it in one go. The parts that are concatenated to the command string are supposed to be separated by pipes to facilitate a "streaming" of data through each component. A very simplified example: #!/bin/bash part1=gzip -c part2=some_other_command cmd="cat infile" if [ ! "$part1" = "" ] then cmd+=" | $part1" fi if [ ! "$part2" = "" ] then cmd+=" | $part2" fi cmd+="> outfile" #show command. It looks ok echo $cmd #run the command. fails with pipes $cmd For some reason the pipes don't seem to work. When I run this script i get different error messages relating usually to the first part of the command (before the first pipe). So my question is whether or not it is possible to build a command in this way, and what is the best way to do it?

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  • Internet Good but update manager not good

    - by Raja
    I am using Ubuntu 12.04 . I am doing Internet with a USB Modem of 236kbps . My issue is , If i am accessing webpage through browser its good but if i am doing sudo apt-get update through terminal , its not responding & its just hanging there .I am unable to get whats my issue . help me to solve this . one more thing , i am unable to change my dns also . raja@badfox:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8) # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN nameserver 220.226.100.40 nameserver 220.226.6.104 nameserver 127.0.0.1 I wanna replace them to dns ip's linked here http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/free-dns-server/ see the picture to have some idea about my issue .

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  • Some websites are not opening in any web browser (firefox/chrome). What should I do? [closed]

    - by Jamal
    Some websites are not opening in my system. I am using Ubuntu 12.10. Earlier, when I was using Ubuntu 10.10,11.10 there was no such issue. The problem was started in ubuntu 12.04, but it remained the same even after formatting and installing ubuntu 12.10. I have tried Firefox as well as Chromium and I am sure the issue is not with the browser. same websites are opening perfectly with Windows. Google, Twitter and Ubuntu related websites are running perfect. Other websites like www.downrightnow.com, easy-mantra.com, facebook.com, sourceforge.net are not opening. Installed dual boot with win xp. Ubuntu 12.10 is 64 bit. Processor Intel core i3, RAM 4GB. $ cat /etc/resolv.conf <-- Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8) -- DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN -- output --> nameserver 127.0.1.1

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  • Interviewing someone for general unix skills

    - by Christophe Vanfleteren
    How would you test a developer that claims to have *nix shell experience (just to be clear, we don't want to test if someone can develop on *nix, only that they know their way around the command line). I was thinking about making them solve a problem of getting information out of log files, which would involve some basics like cat, grep, cut, ... combined with piping. What other basic knowledge would you ask for? Once again, this isn't for interviewing someone who will develop for *nix systems, and also not for *nix system admins, but just for regular developers that sometimes need to do some work on a *nix system.

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  • Packages are not available under 13.04?

    - by Sven
    I have a small problem with installing packages under Ubuntu 13.04. Yesterday I wanted to install "pdfshuffler" (https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/raring/pdfshuffler/). If I go to the Ubuntu Software Center and look for "pdfshuffler" there is one item in the list (the package I want to install). When I click once on this item, the install button does not appear. If I then on furter information a error message appears telling me that there is no package called pdfshuffler in my package sources. I tried to install other packages like Eclipse or Supertux but nothing works. Why can't Ubuntu find these packages? Best regards, Sven...

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  • The 20 Best How-To Geek Explainer Topics for 2010

    - by The Geek
    It’s near the end of 2010, and we’ve put together a list of the 20 best “Explainer” articles of the year—where we answer a question and teach you a little more about the topic. Enjoy! Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC The Complete List of iPad Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials Is Your Desktop Printer More Expensive Than Printing Services? 20 OS X Keyboard Shortcuts You Might Not Know HTG Explains: Which Linux File System Should You Choose? HTG Explains: Why Does Photo Paper Improve Print Quality? Simon’s Cat Explores the Christmas Tree! [Video] The Outdoor Lights Scene from National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation [Video] The Famous Home Alone Pizza Delivery Scene [Classic Video] Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Theme for Windows 7 Cardinal and Rabbit Sharing a Tree on a Cold Winter Morning Wallpaper An Alternate Star Wars Christmas Special [Video]

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  • ThinkPad fan control via procfs

    - by asebian
    My ThinkPad W500 used to crash sometimes under heavy load because the automatic control is not speeding up the fan far enough. But I was able to disengage the fan and let it run at full speed in Ubuntu 10.10. But this does not work in my new nice and shiny Ubuntu 11.10. Have a glimpse at fan control device. % ls -l /proc/acpi/ibm/fan -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2012-03-18 15:46 /proc/acpi/ibm/fan % cat /proc/acpi/ibm/fan status: enabled speed: 3056 level: auto Now become super user in a fresh and clean environment and send control sequence. % exec sudo env -i bash -l $ echo 'level disengaged' >/proc/acpi/ibm/fan bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument What did I miss? Thanks for suggests.

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