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  • why is this rails association loading individually after an eager load?

    - by codeman73
    I'm trying to avoid the N+1 queries problem with eager loading, but it's not working. The associated models are still being loaded individually. Here are the relevant ActiveRecords and their relationships: class Player < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :tableau end Class Tableau < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :player has_many :tableau_cards has_many :deck_cards, :through => :tableau_cards end Class TableauCard < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :tableau belongs_to :deck_card, :include => :card end class DeckCard < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :card has_many :tableaus, :through => :tableau_cards end class Card < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :deck_cards end and the query I'm using is inside this method of Player: def tableau_contains(card_id) self.tableau.tableau_cards = TableauCard.find :all, :include => [ {:deck_card => (:card)}], :conditions => ['tableau_cards.tableau_id = ?', self.tableau.id] contains = false for tableau_card in self.tableau.tableau_cards # my logic here, looking at attributes of the Card model, with # tableau_card.deck_card.card; # individual loads of related Card models related to tableau_card are done here end return contains end Does it have to do with scope? This tableau_contains method is down a few method calls in a larger loop, where I originally tried doing the eager loading because there are several places where these same objects are looped through and examined. Then I eventually tried the code as it is above, with the load just before the loop, and I'm still seeing the individual SELECT queries for Card inside the tableau_cards loop in the log. I can see the eager-loading query with the IN clause just before the tableau_cards loop as well. EDIT: additional info below with the larger, outer loop Here's the larger loop. It is inside an observer on after_save def after_save(pa) @game = Game.find(turn.game_id, :include => :goals) @game.players = Player.find :all, :include => [ {:tableau => (:tableau_cards)}, :player_goals ], :conditions => ['players.game_id =?', @game.id] for player in @game.players player.tableau.tableau_cards = TableauCard.find :all, :include => [ {:deck_card => (:card)}], :conditions => ['tableau_cards.tableau_id = ?', player.tableau.id] if(player.tableau_contains(card)) ... end end end

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  • Set the Dropdown box as selected in Javascript

    - by Aruna
    I am using Javascript in my app. In my table, I have a column named industry which contains value like id 69 name :aruna username :aruna email :[email protected] password: bd09935e199eab3d48b306d181b4e3d1:i0ODTgVXbWyP1iFOV type : 3 industry: | Insurance | Analytics | EIS and Process Engineering actually this industry value is inserted from a dropdown box multi select.. now i am trying like on load to make my form as to contain these values where industry is dropdown box <select id="ind1" moslabel="Industry" onClick="industryfn();"mosreq="0" multiple="multiple" size="3" class="inputbox" name="industry1[]">'+ <option value="Banking and Financial Services">Banking and Financial Services</option> <option value="Insurance">Insurance</option> <option value="Telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="Government ">Government </option> <option value="Healthcare &amp; Life sciences">Healthcare & Life sciences</option> <option value="Energy">Energy</option> <option value="Retail &amp;Consumer products">Retail &Consumer products</option> <option value="Energy, resources &amp; utilities">Energy, resources & utilities</option> <option value="Travel and Hospitality">Travel and Hospitality</option> <option value="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</option> <option value="High Tech">High Tech</option> <option value="Media and Information Services">Media and Information Services</option> </select> How to keep the industry values(| Insurance | Analytics | EIS and Process Engineering ) as selected? EDIT: Window.onDomReady(function(){ user-get('industry'); $s=explode('|', $str) ? var selectedFields = new Array(); <?php for($i=1;$i<count($s);$i++){?> selectedFields.push("<?php echo $s[$i];?>"); <?php }?> for(i=1;i<selectedFields.length;i++) { var select=selectedFields[i]; for (var ii = 0; ii < document.getElementById('ind1').length; ii++) { var value=document.getElementById('ind1').options[ii].value; alert(value); alert(select); if(value==select) { document.getElementById('ind1').options[ii].selected=selected; }//If } //inner For }//outer For </script> i have tried the above the alert functions are working correctly. But the if loop didnt works correctly .. Why so ..Please help me....

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  • CSS3's border-radius property and border-collapse:collapse don't mix. How can I use border-radius to

    - by vamin
    Edit - Original Title: Is there an alternative way to achieve border-collapse:collapse in CSS (in order to have a collapsed, rounded corner table)? Since it turns out that simply getting the table's borders to collapse does not solve the root problem, I have updated the title to better reflect the discussion. I am trying to make a table with rounded corners using the CSS3 border-radius property. The table styles I'm using look something like this: table { -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius:10px; border-radius:10px} Here's the problem. I also want to set the border-collapse:collapse property, and when that is set border-radius no longer works (at least in Firefox)(edit- I thought this might just be a difference in mozilla's implementation, but it turns out this is the way it's supposed to work according to the w3c). Is there a CSS-based way I can get the same effect as border-collapse:collapse without actually using it? Edits: I've made a simple page to demonstrate the problem here (Firefox/Safari only). It seems that a large part of the problem is that setting the table to have rounded corners does not affect the corners of the corner td elements. If the table was all one color, this wouldn't be a problem since I could just make the top and bottom td corners rounded for the first and last row respectively. However, I am using different background colors for the table to differentiate the headings and for striping, so the inner td elements would show their rounded corners as well. Summary of proposed solutions: Surrounding the table with another element with round corners doesn't work because the table's square corners "bleed through." Specifying border width to 0 doesn't collapse the table. Bottom td corners still square after setting cellspacing to zero. Using javascript instead- works by avoiding the problem. Possible solutions: The tables are generated in php, so I could just apply a different class to each of the outer th/tds and style each corner separately. I'd rather not do this, since it's not very elegant and a bit of a pain to apply to multiple tables, so please keep suggestions coming. Possible solution 2 is to use javascript (jQuery, specifically) to style the corners. This solution also works, but still not quite what I'm looking for (I know I'm picky). I have two reservations: 1) this is a very lightweight site, and I'd like to keep javascript to the barest minimum 2) part of the appeal that using border-radius has for me is graceful degradation and progressive enhancement. By using border-radius for all rounded corners, I hope to have a consistently rounded site in CSS3-capable browsers and a consistently square site in others (I'm looking at you, IE). I know that trying to do this with CSS3 today may seem needless, but I have my reasons. I would also like to point out that this problem is a result of the w3c speficication, not poor CSS3 support, so any solution will still be relevant and useful when CSS3 has more widespread support.

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  • Is there a standard way to encode a .NET string into javascript string for use in MS AJAX?

    - by Rich Andrews
    I'm trying to pass the output of a SQL Server exception to the client using the RegisterStartUpScript method of the MS ScriptManager. This works fine for some errors but when the exception contains single quotes the alert fails. I dont want to only escape single quotes though - Is there a standard function i can call to escape any special chars for use in Javascript? string scriptstring = "alert('" + ex.Message + "');"; ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(this, this.GetType(), "Alert", scriptstring , true); Thanks tpeczek, the code almost worked for me :) but with a slight amendment (the escaping of single quotes) it works a treat. I've included my amended version here... public class JSEncode { /// <summary> /// Encodes a string to be represented as a string literal. The format /// is essentially a JSON string. /// /// The string returned includes outer quotes /// Example Output: "Hello \"Rick\"!\r\nRock on" /// </summary> /// <param name="s"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string EncodeJsString(string s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append("\""); foreach (char c in s) { switch (c) { case '\'': sb.Append("\\\'"); break; case '\"': sb.Append("\\\""); break; case '\\': sb.Append("\\\\"); break; case '\b': sb.Append("\\b"); break; case '\f': sb.Append("\\f"); break; case '\n': sb.Append("\\n"); break; case '\r': sb.Append("\\r"); break; case '\t': sb.Append("\\t"); break; default: int i = (int)c; if (i < 32 || i > 127) { sb.AppendFormat("\\u{0:X04}", i); } else { sb.Append(c); } break; } } sb.Append("\""); return sb.ToString(); } } As mentioned below - original source: here

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  • Constructor Injection and when to use a Service Locator

    - by Simon
    I'm struggling to understand parts of StructureMap's usage. In particular, in the documentation a statement is made regarding a common anti-pattern, the use of StructureMap as a Service Locator only instead of constructor injection (code samples straight from Structuremap documentation): public ShippingScreenPresenter() { _service = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IShippingService>(); _repository = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IRepository>(); } instead of: public ShippingScreenPresenter(IShippingService service, IRepository repository) { _service = service; _repository = repository; } This is fine for a very short object graph, but when dealing with objects many levels deep, does this imply that you should pass down all the dependencies required by the deeper objects right from the top? Surely this breaks encapsulation and exposes too much information about the implementation of deeper objects. Let's say I'm using the Active Record pattern, so my record needs access to a data repository to be able to save and load itself. If this record is loaded inside an object, does that object call ObjectFactory.CreateInstance() and pass it into the active record's constructor? What if that object is inside another object. Does it take the IRepository in as its own parameter from further up? That would expose to the parent object the fact that we're access the data repository at this point, something the outer object probably shouldn't know. public class OuterClass { public OuterClass(IRepository repository) { // Why should I know that ThingThatNeedsRecord needs a repository? // that smells like exposed implementation to me, especially since // ThingThatNeedsRecord doesn't use the repo itself, but passes it // to the record. // Also where do I create repository? Have to instantiate it somewhere // up the chain of objects ThingThatNeedsRecord thing = new ThingThatNeedsRecord(repository); thing.GetAnswer("question"); } } public class ThingThatNeedsRecord { public ThingThatNeedsRecord(IRepository repository) { this.repository = repository; } public string GetAnswer(string someParam) { // create activeRecord(s) and process, returning some result // part of which contains: ActiveRecord record = new ActiveRecord(repository, key); } private IRepository repository; } public class ActiveRecord { public ActiveRecord(IRepository repository) { this.repository = repository; } public ActiveRecord(IRepository repository, int primaryKey); { this.repositry = repository; Load(primaryKey); } public void Save(); private void Load(int primaryKey) { this.primaryKey = primaryKey; // access the database via the repository and set someData } private IRepository repository; private int primaryKey; private string someData; } Any thoughts would be appreciated. Simon

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  • Error in Print Function in Bubble Sort MIPS?

    - by m00nbeam360
    Sorry that this is such a long block of code, but do you see any obvious syntax errors in this? I feel like the problem is that the code isn't printing correctly since the sort and swap methods were from my textbook. Please help if you can! .data save: .word 1,2,4,2,5,6 size: .word 6 .text swap: sll $t1, $a1, 2 #shift bits by 2 add $t1, $a1, $t1 #set $t1 address to v[k] lw $t0, 0($t1) #load v[k] into t1 lw $t2, 4($t1) #load v[k+1] into t1 sw $t2, 0($t1) #swap addresses sw $t0, 4($t1) #swap addresses jr $ra #return sort: addi $sp, $sp, -20 #make enough room on the stack for five registers sw $ra, 16($sp) #save the return address on the stack sw $s3, 12($sp) #save $s3 on the stack sw $s2, 8($sp) #save Ss2 on the stack sw $s1, 4($sp) #save $s1 on the stack sw $s0, 0($sp) #save $s0 on the stack move $s2, $a0 #copy the parameter $a0 into $s2 (save $a0) move $s3, $a1 #copy the parameter $a1 into $s3 (save $a1) move $s0, $zero #start of for loop, i = 0 for1tst: slt $t0, $s0, $s3 #$t0 = 0 if $s0 S $s3 (i S n) beq $t0, $zero, exit1 #go to exit1 if $s0 S $s3 (i S n) addi $s1, $s0, -1 #j - i - 1 for2tst: slti $t0, $s1, 0 #$t0 = 1 if $s1 < 0 (j < 0) bne $t0, $zero, exit2 #$t0 = 1 if $s1 < 0 (j < 0) sll $t1, $s1, 2 #$t1 = j * 4 (shift by 2 bits) add $t2, $s2, $t1 #$t2 = v + (j*4) lw $t3, 0($t2) #$t3 = v[j] lw $t4, 4($t2) #$t4 = v[j+1] slt $t0, $t4, $t3 #$t0 = 0 if $t4 S $t3 beq $t0, $zero, exit2 #go to exit2 if $t4 S $t3 move $a0, $s2 #1st parameter of swap is v(old $a0) move $a1, $s1 #2nd parameter of swap is j jal swap #swap addi $s1, $s1, -1 j for2tst #jump to test of inner loop j print exit2: addi $s0, $s0, 1 #i = i + 1 j for1tst #jump to test of outer loop exit1: lw $s0, 0($sp) #restore $s0 from stack lw $s1, 4($sp) #resture $s1 from stack lw $s2, 8($sp) #restore $s2 from stack lw $s3, 12($sp) #restore $s3 from stack lw $ra, 16($sp) #restore $ra from stack addi $sp, $sp, 20 #restore stack pointer jr $ra #return to calling routine .data space:.asciiz " " # space to insert between numbers head: .asciiz "The sorted numbers are:\n" .text print:add $t0, $zero, $a0 # starting address of array add $t1, $zero, $a1 # initialize loop counter to array size la $a0, head # load address of print heading li $v0, 4 # specify Print String service syscall # print heading out: lw $a0, 0($t0) # load fibonacci number for syscall li $v0, 1 # specify Print Integer service syscall # print fibonacci number la $a0, space # load address of spacer for syscall li $v0, 4 # specify Print String service syscall # output string addi $t0, $t0, 4 # increment address addi $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement loop counter bgtz $t1, out # repeat if not finished jr $ra # return

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  • how to filter data from xml file for displaying only selected as nodes in treeview

    - by michale
    I have an xml file named "books.xml" provided in the link "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms762271(v=vs.85).aspx". What my requirement was to disaplay only the <title> from xml information as nodes in tree view. But when i did the following coding its displaying all the values as nodes like "catalog" as rootnode, book as parent node for all then author,title,genre etc as nodes but i want only root node catalogue and title as nodes not even book. Can any body guide me what modification i need to do in the exisitng logic for displaying title as nodes OpenFileDialog dlg = new OpenFileDialog(); dlg.Title = "Open XML document"; dlg.Filter = "XML Files (*.xml)|*.xml"; dlg.FileName = Application.StartupPath + "\\..\\..\\Sample.xml"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { try { //Just a good practice -- change the cursor to a //wait cursor while the nodes populate this.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; //First, we'll load the Xml document XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument(); xDoc.Load(dlg.FileName); //Now, clear out the treeview, //and add the first (root) node treeView1.Nodes.Clear(); treeView1.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode(xDoc.DocumentElement.Name)); TreeNode tNode = new TreeNode(); tNode = (TreeNode)treeView1.Nodes[0]; //We make a call to addTreeNode, //where we'll add all of our nodes addTreeNode(xDoc.DocumentElement, tNode); //Expand the treeview to show all nodes treeView1.ExpandAll(); } catch (XmlException xExc) //Exception is thrown is there is an error in the Xml { MessageBox.Show(xExc.Message); } catch (Exception ex) //General exception { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } finally { this.Cursor = Cursors.Default; //Change the cursor back } }} //This function is called recursively until all nodes are loaded private void addTreeNode(XmlNode xmlNode, TreeNode treeNode) { XmlNode xNode; TreeNode tNode; XmlNodeList xNodeList; if (xmlNode.HasChildNodes) //The current node has children { xNodeList = xmlNode.ChildNodes; for (int x = 0; x <= xNodeList.Count - 1; x++) //Loop through the child nodes { xNode = xmlNode.ChildNodes[x]; treeNode.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode(xNode.Name)); tNode = treeNode.Nodes[x]; addTreeNode(xNode, tNode); } } else //No children, so add the outer xml (trimming off whitespace) treeNode.Text = xmlNode.OuterXml.Trim(); }

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  • jquery masonry on ul with nested ul

    - by Adam Wright
    I'm trying to create a footer nav of a sitemap with levels nested within each other. i want to use masonry so the padding and margin is consistant and not changed depending on nested items. its firing masonry but its adding the relative style to the nested ul if i change the masonry call to select just the first() ul then nested li appear on one line. any ideas? <div id="links"> <ul ><li class="box"><a href="/Industries.aspx" >Industries</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/Services.aspx" >Services</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/Quality---Regulatory.aspx" >Quality &amp; Regulatory</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/About.aspx" >About</a><ul ><li class="box"><a href="/About/Our-Story.aspx" >Our Story</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/About/Our-Mission.aspx" >Our Mission</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/About/Our-Core-Values.aspx" >Our Core Values</a></li></ul></li><li class="box"><a href="/News.aspx" >News</a><ul ><li class="box"><a href="/News/Events.aspx" >Events</a></li></ul></li><li class="box"><a href="/Careers.aspx" >Careers</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/Contact.aspx" >Contact</a></li><li class="box"><a href="/tests.aspx" >tests</a></li></ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $('#links ul').masonry({ singleMode: true, // Disables measuring the width of each floated element. // Set to true if floated elements have the same width. // default: false columnWidth: 182, // Width in pixels of 1 column of your grid. // default: outer width of the first floated element. itemSelector: '.box:visible', // Additional selector to specify which elements inside // the wrapping element will be rearranged. // Required for Infinite Scroll with window resizing. resizeable: true, // Binds a Masonry call to window resizes // so layout appears fluid. // default: true animate: false, // Animates layout rearrangements. // default: false saveOptions: true // Masonry will use the options from previous Masonry // calls by default, so you only have to enter in options once // default: true }); </script>

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  • delete row from selected gridview and database

    - by user175084
    i am trying to delete a row from the gridview and database... It should be deleted if a delte linkbutton is clicked in the gridview.. I am gettin the row index as follows: protected void LinkButton1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { LinkButton btn = (LinkButton)sender; GridViewRow row = (GridViewRow)btn.NamingContainer; if (row != null) { LinkButton LinkButton1 = (LinkButton)sender; // Get reference to the row that hold the button GridViewRow gvr = (GridViewRow)LinkButton1.NamingContainer; // Get row index from the row int rowIndex = gvr.RowIndex; string str = rowIndex.ToString(); //string str = GridView1.DataKeys[row.RowIndex].Value.ToString(); RemoveData(str); //call the delete method } } now i want to delete it... so i am having problems with this code.. i get an error Must declare the scalar variable "@original_MachineGroupName"... any suggestions private void RemoveData(string item) { SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=JAGMIT-PC\SQLEXPRESS; Initial Catalog=SumooHAgentDB;Integrated Security=True"); string sql = "DELETE FROM [MachineGroups] WHERE [MachineGroupID] = @original_MachineGroupID; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@original_MachineGroupID", item); conn.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); conn.Close(); } Blockquote <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:SumooHAgentDBConnectionString %>" SelectCommand="SELECT MachineGroups.MachineGroupID, MachineGroups.MachineGroupName, MachineGroups.MachineGroupDesc, MachineGroups.TimeAdded, MachineGroups.CanBeDeleted, COUNT(Machines.MachineName) AS Expr1, DATENAME(month, (MachineGroups.TimeAdded - 599266080000000000) / 864000000000) + SPACE(1) + DATENAME(d, (MachineGroups.TimeAdded - 599266080000000000) / 864000000000) + ', ' + DATENAME(year, (MachineGroups.TimeAdded - 599266080000000000) / 864000000000) AS Expr2 FROM MachineGroups FULL OUTER JOIN Machines ON Machines.MachineGroupID = MachineGroups.MachineGroupID GROUP BY MachineGroups.MachineGroupID, MachineGroups.MachineGroupName, MachineGroups.MachineGroupDesc, MachineGroups.TimeAdded, MachineGroups.CanBeDeleted" DeleteCommand="DELETE FROM [MachineGroups] WHERE [MachineGroupID] =@original_MachineGroupID" > <DeleteParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="@original_MachineGroupID" Type="Int16" /> <asp:Parameter Name="@original_MachineGroupName" Type="String" /> <asp:Parameter Name="@original_MachineGroupDesc" Type="String" /> <asp:Parameter Name="@original_CanBeDeleted" Type="Boolean" /> <asp:Parameter Name="@original_TimeAdded" Type="Int64" /> </DeleteParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> I still get an error : Must declare the scalar variable "@original_MachineGroupID"

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  • MVC Entity Framework Model not returning correct data

    - by quagland
    Hi, Run into a strange problem while writing an ASP.NET MVC site. I have a view in my SQL Server database that returns a few date ranges. The view works fine when running the query in SSMS. When the view data is returned by the Entity Framework Model, It returns the correct number of rows but some of the rows are duplicated. Here is an example of what I have done: SQL Server code: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[A]( [ID] [int] NOT NULL, [PhID] [int] NULL, [FromDate] [datetime] NULL, [ToDate] [datetime] NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_A] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC)) ON [PRIMARY] go CREATE TABLE [dbo].[B]( [PhID] [int] NOT NULL, [FromDate] [datetime] NULL, [ToDate] [datetime] NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_B] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PhID] ASC )) ON [PRIMARY] go CREATE VIEW C as SELECT A.ID, CASE WHEN A.PhID IS NULL THEN A.FromDate ELSE B.FromDate END AS FromDate, CASE WHEN A.PhID IS NULL THEN A.ToDate ELSE B.ToDate END AS ToDate FROM A LEFT OUTER JOIN B ON A.PhID = B.PhID go INSERT INTO B (PhID, FromDate, ToDate) VALUES (100, '20100615', '20100715') INSERT INTO A (ID, PhID, FromDate, ToDate) VALUES (1, NULL, '20100101', '20100201') INSERT INTO A (ID, PhID, FromDate, ToDate) VALUES (1, 100, '20100615', '20100715') INSERT INTO B (PhID, FromDate, ToDate) VALUES (101, '20101201', '20101231') INSERT INTO A (ID, PhID, FromDate, ToDate) VALUES (2, NULL, '20100801', '20100901') INSERT INTO A (ID, PhID, FromDate, ToDate) VALUES (2, 101, '20101201', '20101231') So now, if you select all from C, you get 4 separate date ranges In the Entity Framework Model (which I call 'Core'), the view 'C' is added. in MVC Controller: public class HomeController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { CoreEntities db = new CoreEntities(); var clist = from c in db.C select c; return View(clist.ToList()); } } in MVC View: @model List<RM.Models.C> @{ foreach (RM.Models.C c in Model) { @String.Format("{0:dd-MMM-yyyy}", c.FromDate) <span>-</span> @String.Format("{0:dd-MMM-yyyy}", c.ToDate) <br /> } } When I run all this, it outputs this: 01-Jan-2010 - 01-Feb-2010 01-Jan-2010 - 01-Feb-2010 01-Aug-2010 - 01-Sep-2010 01-Aug-2010 - 01-Sep-2010 When it should do this (this is what the view returns): 01-Jan-2010 - 01-Feb-2010 15-Jun-2010 - 15-Jul-2010 01-Aug-2010 - 01-Sep-2010 01-Dec-2010 - 31-Dec-2010 Also, I've run the SQL profiler over it and according to that, the query being executed is: SELECT [Extent1].[ID] AS [ID], [Extent1].[FromDate] AS [FromDate], [Extent1].[ToDate] AS [ToDate] FROM (SELECT [C].[ID] AS [ID], [C].[FromDate] AS [FromDate], [C].[ToDate] AS [ToDate] FROM [dbo].[C] AS [C]) AS [Extent1] Which returns the correct data So it seems that the entity framework is doing something to the data in the meantime. To me, everything looks fine! Have I missed something? Cheers, Ben

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  • Does this incorporate JavaScript closures?

    - by alex
    In trying to learn JavaScript closures, I've confused myself a bit. From what I've gathered over the web, a closure is... Declaring a function within another function, and that inner function has access to its parent function's variables, even after that parent function has returned. Here is a small sample of script from a recent project. It allows text in a div to be scrolled up and down by buttons. var pageScroll = (function() { var $page, $next, $prev, canScroll = true, textHeight, scrollHeight; var init = function() { $page = $('#secondary-page'); // reset text $page.scrollTop(0); textHeight = $page.outerHeight(); scrollHeight = $page.attr('scrollHeight'); if (textHeight === scrollHeight) { // not enough text to scroll return false; }; $page.after('<div id="page-controls"><button id="page-prev">prev</button><button id="page-next">next</button></div>'); $next = $('#page-next'); $prev = $('#page-prev'); $prev.hide(); $next.click(scrollDown); $prev.click(scrollUp); }; var scrollDown = function() { if ( ! canScroll) return; canScroll = false; var scrollTop = $page.scrollTop(); $prev.fadeIn(500); if (scrollTop == textHeight) { // can we scroll any lower? $next.fadeOut(500); } $page.animate({ scrollTop: '+=' + textHeight + 'px'}, 500, function() { canScroll = true; }); }; var scrollUp = function() { $next.fadeIn(500); $prev.fadeOut(500); $page.animate({ scrollTop: 0}, 500); }; $(document).ready(init); }()); Does this example use closures? I know it has functions within functions, but is there a case where the outer variables being preserved is being used? Am I using them without knowing it? Thanks Update Would this make a closure if I placed this beneath the $(document).ready(init); statement? return { scrollDown: scrollDown }; Could it then be, if I wanted to make the text scroll down from anywhere else in JavaScript, I could do pageScroll.scrollDown(); I'm going to have a play around on http://www.jsbin.com and report back

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  • MATLAB image corner coordinates & referncing to cell arrays

    - by James
    Hi, I am having some problems comparing the elements in different cell arrays. The context of this problem is that I am using the bwboundaries function in MATLAB to trace the outline of an image. The image is of a structural cross section and I am trying to find if there is continuity throughout the section (i.e. there is only one outline produced by the bwboundaries command). Having done this and found where the is more than one section traced (i.e. it is not continuous), I have used the cornermetric command to find the corners of each section. The code I have is: %% Define the structural section as a binary matrix (Image is an I-section with the web broken) bw(20:40,50:150) = 1; bw(160:180,50:150) = 1; bw(20:60,95:105) = 1; bw(140:180,95:105) = 1; Trace = bw; [B] = bwboundaries(Trace,'noholes'); %Traces the outer boundary of each section L = length(B); % Finds number of boundaries if L > 1 disp('Multiple boundaries') % States whether more than one boundary found end %% Obtain perimeter coordinates for k=1:length(B) %For all the boundaries perim = B{k}; %Obtains perimeter coordinates (as a 2D matrix) from the cell array end %% Find the corner positions C = cornermetric(bw); Areacorners = find(C == max(max(C))) % Finds the corner coordinates of each boundary [rowindexcorners,colindexcorners] = ind2sub(size(Newgeometry),Areacorners) % Convert corner coordinate indexes into subcripts, to give x & y coordinates (i.e. the same format as B gives) %% Put these corner coordinates into a cell array Cornerscellarray = cell(length(rowindexcorners),1); % Initialises cell array of zeros for i =1:numel(rowindexcorners) Cornerscellarray(i) = {[rowindexcorners(i) colindexcorners(i)]}; %Assigns the corner indicies into the cell array %This is done so the cell arrays can be compared end for k=1:length(B) %For all the boundaries found perim = B{k}; %Obtains coordinates for each perimeter Z = perim; % Initialise the matrix containing the perimeter corners Sectioncellmatrix = cell(length(rowindexcorners),1); for i =1:length(perim) Sectioncellmatrix(i) = {[perim(i,1) perim(i,2)]}; end for i = 1:length(perim) if Sectioncellmatrix(i) ~= Cornerscellarray Sectioncellmatrix(i) = []; %Gets rid of the elements that are not corners, but keeps them associated with the relevent section end end end This creates an error in the last for loop. Is there a way I can check whether each cell of the array (containing an x and y coordinate) is equal to any pair of coordinates in cornercellarray? I know it is possible with matrices to compare whether a certain element matches any of the elements in another matrix. I want to be able to do the same here, but for the pair of coordinates within the cell array. The reason I don't just use the cornercellarray cell array itself, is because this lists all the corner coordinates and does not associate them with a specific traced boundary.

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  • compressed archive with quick access to individual file

    - by eric.frederich
    I need to come up with a file format for new application I am writing. This file will need to hold a bunch other text files which are mostly text but can be other formats as well. Naturally, a compressed tar file seems to fit the bill. The problem is that I want to be able to retrieve some data from the file very quickly and getting just a particular file from a tar.gz file seems to take longer than it should. I am assumeing that this is because it has to decompress the entire file even though I just want one. When I have just a regular uncompressed tar file I can get that data real quick. Lets say the file I need quickly is called data.dat For example the command... tar -x data.dat -zf myfile.tar.gz ... is what takes a lot longer than I'd like. MP3 files have id3 data and jpeg files have exif data that can be read in quickly without opening the entire file. I would like my data.dat file to be available in a similar way. I was thinking that I could leave it uncompressed and seperate from the rest of the files in myfile.tar.gz I could then create a tar file of data.dat and myfile.tar.gz and then hopefully that data would be able to be retrieved faster because it is at the head of outer tar file and is uncompressed. Does this sound right?... putting a compressed tar inside of a tar file? Basically, my need is to have an archive type of file with quick access to one particular file. Tar does this just fine, but I'd also like to have that data compressed and as soon as I do that, I no longer have quick access. Are there other archive formats that will give me that quick access I need? As a side note, this application will be written in Python. If the solution calls for a re-invention of the wheel with my own binary format I am familiar with C and would have no problem writing the Python module in C. Idealy I'd just use tar, dd, cat, gzip, etc though. Thanks, ~Eric

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  • Is this postgres function cost efficient or still have to clean

    - by kiranking
    There are two tables in postgres db. english_all and english_glob First table contains words like international,confidential,booting,cooler ...etc I have written the function to get the words from english_all then perform for loop for each word to get word list which are not inserted in anglish_glob table. Word list is like I In Int Inte Inter .. b bo boo boot .. c co coo cool etc.. for some reason zwnj(zero-width non-joiner) is added during insertion to english_all table. But in function I am removing that character with regexp_replace. Postgres function for_loop_test is taking two parameter min and max based on that I am selecting words from english_all table. function code is like DECLARE inMinLength ALIAS FOR $1; inMaxLength ALIAS FOR $2; mviews RECORD; outenglishListRow english_word_list;--custom data type eng_id,english_text BEGIN FOR mviews IN SELECT id,english_all_text FROM english_all where wlength between inMinLength and inMaxLength ORDER BY english_all_text limit 30 LOOP FOR i IN 1..char_length(regexp_replace(mviews.english_all_text,'(?)$','')) LOOP FOR outenglishListRow IN SELECT distinct on (regexp_replace((substring(mviews.english_all_text from 1 for i)),'(?)$','')) mviews.id, regexp_replace((substring(mviews.english_all_text from 1 for i)),'(?)$','') where regexp_replace((substring(mviews.english_all_text from 1 for i)),'(?)$','') not in(select english_glob.english_text from english_glob where i=english_glob.wlength) order by regexp_replace((substring(mviews.english_all_text from 1 for i)),'(?)$','') LOOP RETURN NEXT outenglishListRow; END LOOP; END LOOP; END LOOP; END; Once I get the word list I will insert that into another table english_glob. My question is is there any thing I can add to or remove from function to make it more efficient. edit Let assume english_all table have words like footer,settle,question,overflow,database,kingdom If inMinLength = 5 and inmaxLength=7 then in the outer loop footer,settle,kingdom will be selected. For above 3 words inner two loop will apply to get words like f,fo,foo,foot,foote,footer,s,se,set,sett,settl .... etc. In the final process words which are bold will be entered into english_glob with another parameter like 1 to denote it is a proper word and stored in the another filed of english_glob table. Remaining word will be stored with another parameter 0 because in the next call words which are saved in database should not be fetched again. edit2: This is a complete code CREATE TABLE english_all ( id serial NOT NULL, english_all_text text NOT NULL, wlength integer NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT english_all PRIMARY KEY (id), CONSTRAINT english_all_kan_text_uq_id UNIQUE (english_all_text) ) CREATE TABLE english_glob ( id serial NOT NULL, english_text text NOT NULL, is_prop integer default 1, CONSTRAINT english_glob PRIMARY KEY (id), CONSTRAINT english_glob_kan_text_uq_id UNIQUE (english_text) ) insert into english_all(english_text) values ('ant'),('forget'),('forgive'); on function call with parameter 3 and 6 fallowing rows should fetched a an ant f fo for forg forge forget next is insert to another table based on above row insert into english_glob(english_text,is_prop) values ('a',1),('an',1), ('ant',1),('f',0), ('fo',0),('for',1), ('forg',0),('forge',1), ('forget',1), on function call next time with parameter 3 and 7 fallowing rows should fetched.(because f,fo,for,forg are all entered in english_glob table) forgi forgiv forgive

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  • User has many computers, computers have many attributes in different tables, best way to JOIN?

    - by krismeld
    I have a table for users: USERS: ID | NAME | ---------------- 1 | JOHN | 2 | STEVE | a table for computers: COMPUTERS: ID | USER_ID | ------------------ 13 | 1 | 14 | 1 | a table for processors: PROCESSORS: ID | NAME | --------------------------- 27 | PROCESSOR TYPE 1 | 28 | PROCESSOR TYPE 2 | and a table for harddrives: HARDDRIVES: ID | NAME | ---------------------------| 35 | HARDDRIVE TYPE 25 | 36 | HARDDRIVE TYPE 90 | Each computer can have many attributes from the different attributes tables (processors, harddrives etc), so I have intersection tables like this, to link the attributes to the computers: COMPUTER_PROCESSORS: C_ID | P_ID | --------------| 13 | 27 | 13 | 28 | 14 | 27 | COMPUTER_HARDDRIVES: C_ID | H_ID | --------------| 13 | 35 | So user JOHN, with id 1 owns computer 13 and 14. Computer 13 has processor 27 and 28, and computer 13 has harddrive 35. Computer 14 has processor 27 and no harddrive. Given a user's id, I would like to retrieve a list of that user's computers with each computers attributes. I have figured out a query that gives me a somewhat of a result: SELECT computers.id, processors.id AS p_id, processors.name AS p_name, harddrives.id AS h_id, harddrives.name AS h_name, FROM computers JOIN computer_processors ON (computer_processors.c_id = computers.id) JOIN processors ON (processors.id = computer_processors.p_id) JOIN computer_harddrives ON (computer_harddrives.c_id = computers.id) JOIN harddrives ON (harddrives.id = computer_harddrives.h_id) WHERE computers.user_id = 1 Result: ID | P_ID | P_NAME | H_ID | H_NAME | ----------------------------------------------------------- 13 | 27 | PROCESSOR TYPE 1 | 35 | HARDDRIVE TYPE 25 | 13 | 28 | PROCESSOR TYPE 2 | 35 | HARDDRIVE TYPE 25 | But this has several problems... Computer 14 doesnt show up, because it has no harddrive. Can I somehow make an OUTER JOIN to make sure that all computers show up, even if there a some attributes they don't have? Computer 13 shows up twice, with the same harddrive listet for both. When more attributes are added to a computer (like 3 blocks of ram), the number of rows returned for that computer gets pretty big, and it makes it had to sort the result out in application code. Can I somehow make a query, that groups the two returned rows together? Or a query that returns NULL in the h_name column in the second row, so that all values returned are unique? EDIT: What I would like to return is something like this: ID | P_ID | P_NAME | H_ID | H_NAME | ----------------------------------------------------------- 13 | 27 | PROCESSOR TYPE 1 | 35 | HARDDRIVE TYPE 25 | 13 | 28 | PROCESSOR TYPE 2 | 35 | NULL | 14 | 27 | PROCESSOR TYPE 1 | NULL | NULL | Or whatever result that make it easy to turn it into an array like this [13] => [P_NAME] => [0] => PROCESSOR TYPE 1 [1] => PROCESSOR TYPE 2 [H_NAME] => [0] => HARDDRIVE TYPE 25 [14] => [P_NAME] => [0] => PROCESSOR TYPE 1

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  • CommandName issues to insert to a database

    - by Alexander
    In the below code, when we define the parameters CommandName="Insert" is it actually the same as executing the method Insert? As I can't find Insert anywhere... <div class="actionbuttons"> <Club:RolloverButton ID="apply1" CommandName="Insert" Text="Add Event" runat="server" /> <Club:RolloverLink ID="Cancel" Text="Cancel" runat="server" NavigateURL='<%# "Events_view.aspx?EventID=" + Convert.ToString(Eval("ID")) %>' /> </div> I have the following SqlDataSource as well: <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:ClubSiteDB %>" SelectCommand="SELECT dbo.Events.id, dbo.Events.starttime, dbo.events.endtime, dbo.Events.title, dbo.Events.description, dbo.Events.staticURL, dbo.Events.photo, dbo.Events.location, dbo.Locations.title AS locationname FROM dbo.Events LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Locations ON dbo.Events.location = dbo.Locations.id where Events.id=@id" InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Events(starttime, endtime, title, description, staticURL, location, photo) VALUES (@starttime, @endtime, @title, @description, @staticURL, @location, @photo)" UpdateCommand="UPDATE Events SET starttime = @starttime, endtime=@endtime, title = @title, description = @description, staticURL = @staticURL, location = @location, photo = @photo WHERE (id = @id)" DeleteCommand="DELETE Events WHERE id=@id" OldValuesParameterFormatString="{0}"> <SelectParameters> <asp:QueryStringParameter Name="id" QueryStringField="ID" /> </SelectParameters> <UpdateParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="starttime" Type="DateTime" /> <asp:Parameter Name="endtime" Type="DateTime" /> <asp:Parameter Name="title" /> <asp:Parameter Name="description" /> <asp:Parameter Name="staticURL" /> <asp:Parameter Name="location" /> <asp:Parameter Name="photo" /> <asp:Parameter Name="id" /> </UpdateParameters> <InsertParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="starttime" Type="DateTime" /> <asp:Parameter Name="endtime" Type="DateTime" /> <asp:Parameter Name="title" /> <asp:Parameter Name="description" /> <asp:Parameter Name="staticURL" /> <asp:Parameter Name="location" /> <asp:Parameter Name="photo" /> <asp:Parameter Name="id" /> </InsertParameters> <DeleteParameters> <asp:QueryStringParameter Name="id" QueryStringField="ID" /> </DeleteParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> I want it to insert using the InsertCommand, however when I do SqlDataSource1.Insert() it's complaining that starttime is NULL

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  • MySQL multiple dependent subqueries, painfully slow

    - by matt80
    I have a working query that retrieves the data that I need, but unfortunately it is painfully slow (runs over 3 minutes). I have indexes in place, but I think the problem is the multiple dependent subqueries. I've been trying to rewrite the query using joins but I can't seem to get it to work. Any help would be greatly appreciated. The tables: Basically, I have 2 tables. The first (prices) holds the prices of items in a store. Each row is the price of an item that day, and new rows are added every day with an updated price. The second table (watches_US) holds the item information (name, description, etc). CREATE TABLE `prices` ( `prices_id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `prices_locale` enum('CA','DE','FR','JP','UK','US') NOT NULL default 'US', `prices_watches_ID` char(10) NOT NULL, `prices_date` datetime NOT NULL, `prices_am` varchar(10) default NULL, `prices_new` varchar(10) default NULL, `prices_used` varchar(10) default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`prices_id`), KEY `prices_am` (`prices_am`), KEY `prices_locale` (`prices_locale`), KEY `prices_watches_ID` (`prices_watches_ID`), KEY `prices_date` (`prices_date`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=61764 ; CREATE TABLE `watches_US` ( `watches_ID` char(10) NOT NULL, `watches_date_added` datetime NOT NULL, `watches_last_update` datetime default NULL, `watches_title` varchar(255) default NULL, `watches_small_image_height` int(11) default NULL, `watches_small_image_width` int(11) default NULL, `watches_description` text, PRIMARY KEY (`watches_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; The query retrieves the last 10 prices changes over a period of 30 hours, ordered by the size of the price change. So I have subqueries to get the newest price, the oldest price within 30 hours, and then to calculate the price change. Here's the query: SELECT watches_US.*, prices.*, watches_US.watches_ID as current_ID, ( SELECT prices_am FROM prices WHERE prices_watches_ID = current_ID AND prices_locale = 'US' ORDER BY prices_date DESC LIMIT 1 ) as new_price, ( SELECT prices_date FROM prices WHERE prices_watches_ID = current_ID AND prices_locale = 'US' ORDER BY prices_date DESC LIMIT 1 ) as new_price_date, ( SELECT prices_am FROM prices WHERE ( prices_watches_ID = current_ID AND prices_locale = 'US') AND ( prices_date >= DATE_SUB(new_price_date,INTERVAL 30 HOUR) ) ORDER BY prices_date ASC LIMIT 1 ) as old_price, ( SELECT ROUND(((new_price - old_price)/old_price)*100,2) ) as percent_change, ( SELECT (new_price - old_price) ) as absolute_change FROM watches_US LEFT OUTER JOIN prices ON prices.prices_watches_ID = watches_US.watches_ID WHERE ( prices_locale = 'US' ) AND ( prices_am IS NOT NULL ) AND ( prices_am != '' ) HAVING ( old_price IS NOT NULL ) AND ( old_price != 0 ) AND ( old_price != '' ) AND ( absolute_change < 0 ) AND ( prices.prices_date = new_price_date ) ORDER BY absolute_change ASC LIMIT 10 How would I rewrite this to use joins instead, or otherwise optimize this so it doesn't take over 3 minutes to get a result? Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you kindly.

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  • Why are my lines getting thicker and thicker?

    - by mystify
    I try to draw some lines with different colors. This code tries to draw two rectangles with 1px thin lines. However, the second rectangle is drawn with 2px width lines, while the first one is drawn with 1px width. - (void)addLineFrom:(CGPoint)p1 to:(CGPoint)p2 context:(CGContextRef)context { // set the current point CGContextMoveToPoint(context, p1.x, p1.y); // add a line from the current point to the wanted point CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, p2.x, p2.y); } - (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); CGPoint from, to; // ----- draw outer black frame (left, bottom, right) ----- CGContextBeginPath(context); // set the color CGFloat lineColor[4] = {26.0f * colorFactor, 26.0f * colorFactor, 26.0f * colorFactor, 1.0f}; CGContextSetStrokeColor(context, lineColor); // left from = CGPointZero; to = CGPointMake(0.0f, rect.size.height); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; // bottom from = to; to = CGPointMake(rect.size.width, rect.size.height); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; // right from = to; to = CGPointMake(rect.size.width, 0.0f); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; CGContextStrokePath(context); CGContextClosePath(context); // ----- draw the middle light gray frame (left, bottom, right) ----- CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 1.0f); CGContextBeginPath(context); // set the color CGFloat lineColor2[4] = {94.0f * colorFactor, 94.0f * colorFactor, 95.0f * colorFactor, 1.0f}; CGContextSetStrokeColor(context, lineColor2); // left from = CGPointMake(200.0f, 1.0f); to = CGPointMake(200.0f, rect.size.height - 2.0f); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; // bottom from = to; to = CGPointMake(rect.size.width - 2.0f, rect.size.height - 2.0f); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; // right from = to; to = CGPointMake(rect.size.width - 2.0f, 1.0f); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; // top from = to; to = CGPointMake(1.0f, 1.0f); [self addLineFrom:from to:to context:context]; CGContextStrokePath(context); }

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  • Align text with bottom as it comes in during a chat?

    - by Andrew
    I'm building a custom web chat application, and while I have the basics worked out, I've been wondering if this was possible... right now, the chat comes in at the top of the div, and when it reaches the bottom, the div starts scrolling. This works. This is great. But I was wondering if it was possible to create it more like an IRC client, where the chat comes in initially at the bottom of the div, then each new line comes in below the old ones, etc, and again, when the div is full, it starts scrolling. I've managed to get part of this working: I can get it displaying this way. But I can't find a way to scroll it; either the scroll doesn't appear (when there's no overflow on the inner, text div, despite there being an overflow on the outer, container div), or it's confined to the width of the text rather than the width of the container div. Some options I've tried: <div id="chatbox" style="overflow: auto; position: relative; width: 100%; height: 400px;"> <div id="chatmessages" style="overflow: auto; position: absolute; bottom: 0;"></div></div> This has the text appear properly at the bottom, but no scrollbar ever appears. <div id="chatbox" style="overflow: auto; position: relative; width: 100%; height: 400px;"> <div id="chatmessages" style="overflow: scroll; position: absolute; bottom: 0;"></div></div> This has the text appear properly at the bottom, and a scrollbar appears, but it's only ever as wide as the text, even if width=100%... and when the text reaches the top, the scrollbar remains gray. Basically, do I want the scrollbar on the inner or the container div, is this even possible, how do I force it to work, and am I going about this entirely wrong?

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  • I can I separate multiple logical pages in a text file I create in Perl?

    - by Micah
    So far, I've been successful with generating output to individual files by opening a file for output as part of outer loop and closing it after all output is written. I had used a counting variable ($x) and appended .txt onto it to create a filename, and had written it to the same directory as my perl script. I want to step the code up a bit, prompt for a file name from the user, open that file once and only once, and write my output one "printed letter" per page. Is this possible in plain text? From what I understand, chr(12) is an ascii line feed character and will get me close to what I want, but is there a better way? Thanks in advance, guys. :) sub PersonalizeLetters{ print "\n\n Beginning finalization of letters..."; print "\n\n I need a filename to save these letters to."; print "\n Filename > "; $OutFileName = <stdin>; chomp ($OutFileName); open(OutFile, ">$OutFileName"); for ($x=0; $x<$NumRecords; $x++){ $xIndex = (6 * $x); $clTitle = @ClientAoA[$xIndex]; $clName = @ClientAoA[$xIndex+1]; #I use this 6x multiplier because my records have 6 elements. #For this routine I'm only interested in name and title. #Reset OutLetter array #Midletter has other merged fields that aren't specific to who's receiving the letter. @OutLetter = @MiddleLetter; for ($y=0; $y<=$ifLength; $y++){ #Step through line by line and insert the name. $WorkLine = @OutLetter[$y]; $WorkLine =~ s/\[ClientTitle\]/$clTitle/; $WorkLine =~ s/\[ClientName\]/$clName/; @OutLetter[$y] = $WorkLine; } print OutFile "@OutLetter"; #Will chr(12) work here, or is there something better? print OutFile chr(12); $StatusX = $x+1; print "Writing output $StatusX of $NumRecords... \n\n"; } close(OutFile); }

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  • MySQL Database Query - Codeigniter

    - by user2450349
    I am building an application with Codeigniter and need some help with a DB query. I have a table called users with the following fields: user_id, user_name, user_password, user_email, user_role, user_manager_id In my app, I pull all records from the user table using the following: function get_clients() { $this->db->select('*'); $this->db->where('user_role', 'client'); $this->db->order_by("user_name", "Asc"); $query = $this->db->get("users"); return $query->result_array(); } This works as expected, however when I display the results in the view, I also want to display a new column called Manager which will display the managers user_name field. The user_manager_id is the id of the user from the same table. Im guessing you can create an outer join on the same table but not sure. In the view, I am displaying the returned info as follows: <table class="table table-striped" id="zero-configuration"> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Manager</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <?php foreach($clients as $row) { ?> <tr> <td><?php echo $row['user_name']; ?> (<?php echo $row['user_username']; ?>)</td> <td><?php echo $row['user_email']; ?></td> <td><?php echo $row['???']; ?></td> </tr> <?php } ?> </tbody> </table> Any idea of how I can form the query and display the manager name is the view? Example: user_id user_name user_password user_email user_role user_manager_id 1 Ollie adjjk34jcd [email protected] client null 2 James djklsdfsdjk [email protected] client 1 When i query the database, i want to display results like this: Ollie [email protected] James [email protected] Ollie

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  • Mysql select most frequent and sort alphabetically

    - by user2605793
    I am trying to select the most common 100 names from a table then display the list showing the names and count. I want the user to be able to re-sort the list alphabetically rather than based on count. I thought the following code would do it. It works for the default sort by count but fails on the sort alphabetically. The line "$count = mysql_num_rows($table);" gives an error: mysql_num_rows() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given. Any help would be greatly appreciated. // Get most popular surnames echo '<h2>Most Common Surnames</h2>'; if ($sort == "") { // default sort by count echo '<a href="http://mysite/names.php?id='.$id.'&sort=name">Sort by name</a><br>'; $query = "SELECT family_name, COUNT(*) as count FROM namefile WHERE record_key = $id GROUP BY family_name ORDER BY count DESC LIMIT 100"; } else { // sort alphabetically echo '<a href="http://mysite/names.php?id='.$id.'">Sort by count</a><br>'; $query = "SELECT * FROM ( SELECT family_name, COUNT(*) as count FROM namefile WHERE record_key = $id GROUP BY family_name ORDER BY count DESC LIMIT 100) AS alpha ORDER BY family_name"; } $table = mysql_query($query); $count = mysql_num_rows($table); $tot = 0; $i = 0; echo '<table><tr>'; while ($tot < $count2) { $rec2 = mysql_fetch_array($table2); echo '<td>'.$rec2[0].'</td><td>'.$rec2[1].'</td><td width="40">&nbsp;</td><td>'; if ($i++ == 6) { echo '</tr><tr>'; $i = 0; } $tot++; } echo '</tr></table><br>'; UPDATE: I needed to add "AS alpha" to give the outer select a unique name. (alpha is just a random name I made up.) It now works perfectly. Code updated for the benefit of any others who need something similar.

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 14, The Different Forms of Task

    - by Reed
    Before discussing Task creation and actual usage in concurrent environments, I will briefly expand upon my introduction of the Task class and provide a short explanation of the distinct forms of Task.  The Task Parallel Library includes four distinct, though related, variations on the Task class. In my introduction to the Task class, I focused on the most basic version of Task.  This version of Task, the standard Task class, is most often used with an Action delegate.  This allows you to implement for each task within the task decomposition as a single delegate. Typically, when using the new threading constructs in .NET 4 and the Task Parallel Library, we use lambda expressions to define anonymous methods.  The advantage of using a lambda expression is that it allows the Action delegate to directly use variables in the calling scope.  This eliminates the need to make separate Task classes for Action<T>, Action<T1,T2>, and all of the other Action<…> delegate types.  As an example, suppose we wanted to make a Task to handle the ”Show Splash” task from our earlier decomposition.  Even if this task required parameters, such as a message to display, we could still use an Action delegate specified via a lambda: // Store this as a local variable string messageForSplashScreen = GetSplashScreenMessage(); // Create our task Task showSplashTask = new Task( () => { // We can use variables in our outer scope, // as well as methods scoped to our class! this.DisplaySplashScreen(messageForSplashScreen); }); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } This provides a huge amount of flexibility.  We can use this single form of task for any task which performs an operation, provided the only information we need to track is whether the task has completed successfully or not.  This leads to my first observation: Use a Task with a System.Action delegate for any task for which no result is generated. This observation leads to an obvious corollary: we also need a way to define a task which generates a result.  The Task Parallel Library provides this via the Task<TResult> class. Task<TResult> subclasses the standard Task class, providing one additional feature – the ability to return a value back to the user of the task.  This is done by switching from providing an Action delegate to providing a Func<TResult> delegate.  If we decompose our problem, and we realize we have one task where its result is required by a future operation, this can be handled via Task<TResult>.  For example, suppose we want to make a task for our “Check for Update” task, we could do: Task<bool> checkForUpdateTask = new Task<bool>( () => { return this.CheckWebsiteForUpdate(); }); Later, we would start this task, and perform some other work.  At any point in the future, we could get the value from the Task<TResult>.Result property, which will cause our thread to block until the task has finished processing: // This uses Task<bool> checkForUpdateTask generated above... // Start the task, typically on a background thread checkForUpdateTask.Start(); // Do some other work on our current thread this.DoSomeWork(); // Discover, from our background task, whether an update is available // This will block until our task completes bool updateAvailable = checkForUpdateTask.Result; This leads me to my second observation: Use a Task<TResult> with a System.Func<TResult> delegate for any task which generates a result. Task and Task<TResult> provide a much cleaner alternative to the previous Asynchronous Programming design patterns in the .NET framework.  Instead of trying to implement IAsyncResult, and providing BeginXXX() and EndXXX() methods, implementing an asynchronous programming API can be as simple as creating a method that returns a Task or Task<TResult>.  The client side of the pattern also is dramatically simplified – the client can call a method, then either choose to call task.Wait() or use task.Result when it needs to wait for the operation’s completion. While this provides a much cleaner model for future APIs, there is quite a bit of infrastructure built around the current Asynchronous Programming design patterns.  In order to provide a model to work with existing APIs, two other forms of Task exist.  There is a constructor for Task which takes an Action<Object> and a state parameter.  In addition, there is a constructor for creating a Task<TResult> which takes a Func<Object, TResult> as well as a state parameter.  When using these constructors, the state parameter is stored in the Task.AsyncState property. While these two overloads exist, and are usable directly, I strongly recommend avoiding this for new development.  The two forms of Task which take an object state parameter exist primarily for interoperability with traditional .NET Asynchronous Programming methodologies.  Using lambda expressions to capture variables from the scope of the creator is a much cleaner approach than using the untyped state parameters, since lambda expressions provide full type safety without introducing new variables.

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  • Adding DTrace Probes to PHP Extensions

    - by cj
    The powerful DTrace tracing facility has some PHP-specific probes that can be enabled with --enable-dtrace. DTrace for Linux is being created by Oracle and is currently in tech preview. Currently it doesn't support userspace tracing so, in the meantime, Systemtap can be used to monitor the probes implemented in PHP. This was recently outlined in David Soria Parra's post Probing PHP with Systemtap on Linux. My post shows how DTrace probes can be added to PHP extensions and traced on Linux. I was using Oracle Linux 6.3. Not all Linux kernels are built with Systemtap, since this can impact stability. Check whether your running kernel (or others installed) have Systemtap enabled, and reboot with such a kernel: # grep CONFIG_UTRACE /boot/config-`uname -r` # grep CONFIG_UTRACE /boot/config-* When you install Systemtap itself, the package systemtap-sdt-devel is needed since it provides the sdt.h header file: # yum install systemtap-sdt-devel You can now install and build PHP as shown in David's article. Basically the build is with: $ cd ~/php-src $ ./configure --disable-all --enable-dtrace $ make (For me, running 'make' a second time failed with an error. The workaround is to do 'git checkout Zend/zend_dtrace.d' and then rerun 'make'. See PHP Bug 63704) David's article shows how to trace the probes already implemented in PHP. You can also use Systemtap to trace things like userspace PHP function calls. For example, create test.php: <?php $c = oci_connect('hr', 'welcome', 'localhost/orcl'); $s = oci_parse($c, "select dbms_xmlgen.getxml('select * from dual') xml from dual"); $r = oci_execute($s); $row = oci_fetch_array($s, OCI_NUM); $x = $row[0]->load(); $row[0]->free(); echo $x; ?> The normal output of this file is the XML form of Oracle's DUAL table: $ ./sapi/cli/php ~/test.php <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> To trace the PHP function calls, create the tracing file functrace.stp: probe process("sapi/cli/php").function("zif_*") { printf("Started function %s\n", probefunc()); } probe process("sapi/cli/php").function("zif_*").return { printf("Ended function %s\n", probefunc()); } This makes use of the way PHP userspace functions (not builtins) like oci_connect() map to C functions with a "zif_" prefix. Login as root, and run System tap on the PHP script: # cd ~cjones/php-src # stap -c 'sapi/cli/php ~cjones/test.php' ~cjones/functrace.stp Started function zif_oci_connect Ended function zif_oci_connect Started function zif_oci_parse Ended function zif_oci_parse Started function zif_oci_execute Ended function zif_oci_execute Started function zif_oci_fetch_array Ended function zif_oci_fetch_array Started function zif_oci_lob_load <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> Ended function zif_oci_lob_load Started function zif_oci_free_descriptor Ended function zif_oci_free_descriptor Each call and return is logged. The Systemtap scripting language allows complex scripts to be built. There are many examples on the web. To augment this generic capability and the PHP probes in PHP, other extensions can have probes too. Below are the steps I used to add probes to OCI8: I created a provider file ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace.d, enabling three probes. The first one will accept a parameter that runtime tracing can later display: provider php { probe oci8__connect(char *username); probe oci8__nls_start(); probe oci8__nls_done(); }; I updated ext/oci8/config.m4 with the PHP_INIT_DTRACE macro. The patch is at the end of config.m4. The macro takes the provider prototype file, a name of the header file that 'dtrace' will generate, and a list of sources files with probes. When --enable-dtrace is used during PHP configuration, then the outer $PHP_DTRACE check is true and my new probes will be enabled. I've chosen to define an OCI8 specific macro, HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE, which can be used in the OCI8 source code: diff --git a/ext/oci8/config.m4 b/ext/oci8/config.m4 index 34ae76c..f3e583d 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/config.m4 +++ b/ext/oci8/config.m4 @@ -341,4 +341,17 @@ if test "$PHP_OCI8" != "no"; then PHP_SUBST_OLD(OCI8_ORACLE_VERSION) fi + + if test "$PHP_DTRACE" = "yes"; then + AC_CHECK_HEADERS([sys/sdt.h], [ + PHP_INIT_DTRACE([ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace.d], + [ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace_gen.h],[ext/oci8/oci8.c]) + AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE,1, + [Whether to enable DTrace support for OCI8 ]) + ], [ + AC_MSG_ERROR( + [Cannot find sys/sdt.h which is required for DTrace support]) + ]) + fi + fi In ext/oci8/oci8.c, I added the probes at, for this example, semi-arbitrary places: diff --git a/ext/oci8/oci8.c b/ext/oci8/oci8.c index e2241cf..ffa0168 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/oci8.c +++ b/ext/oci8/oci8.c @@ -1811,6 +1811,12 @@ php_oci_connection *php_oci_do_connect_ex(char *username, int username_len, char } } +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT(username); + } +#endif + /* Initialize global handles if they weren't initialized before */ if (OCI_G(env) == NULL) { php_oci_init_global_handles(TSRMLS_C); @@ -1870,11 +1876,22 @@ php_oci_connection *php_oci_do_connect_ex(char *username, int username_len, char size_t rsize = 0; sword result; +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_START_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_START(); + } +#endif PHP_OCI_CALL_RETURN(result, OCINlsEnvironmentVariableGet, (&charsetid_nls_lang, 0, OCI_NLS_CHARSET_ID, 0, &rsize)); if (result != OCI_SUCCESS) { charsetid_nls_lang = 0; } smart_str_append_unsigned_ex(&hashed_details, charsetid_nls_lang, 0); + +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_DONE_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_DONE(); + } +#endif } timestamp = time(NULL); The oci_connect(), oci_pconnect() and oci_new_connect() calls all use php_oci_do_connect_ex() internally. The first probe simply records that the PHP application made a connection call. I already showed a way to do this without needing a probe, but adding a specific probe lets me record the username. The other two probes can be used to time how long the globalization initialization takes. The relationships between the oci8_dtrace.d names like oci8__connect, the probe guards like DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT_ENABLED() and probe names like DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT() are obvious after seeing the pattern of all three probes. I included the new header that will be automatically created by the dtrace tool when PHP is built. I did this in ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h: diff --git a/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h b/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h index b0d6516..c81fc5a 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h +++ b/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h @@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ # endif # endif /* osf alpha */ +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE +#include "oci8_dtrace_gen.h" +#endif + #if defined(min) #undef min #endif Now PHP can be rebuilt: $ cd ~/php-src $ rm configure && ./buildconf --force $ ./configure --disable-all --enable-dtrace \ --with-oci8=instantclient,/home/cjones/instantclient $ make If 'make' fails, do the 'git checkout Zend/zend_dtrace.d' trick I mentioned. The new probes can be seen by logging in as root and running: # stap -l 'process.provider("php").mark("oci8*")' -c 'sapi/cli/php -i' process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__connect") process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__nls_done") process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__nls_start") To test them out, create a new trace file, oci.stp: global numconnects; global start; global numcharlookups = 0; global tottime = 0; probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-connect") { printf("Connected as %s\n", user_string($arg1)); numconnects += 1; } probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-nls_start") { start = gettimeofday_us(); numcharlookups++; } probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-nls_done") { tottime += gettimeofday_us() - start; } probe end { printf("Connects: %d, Charset lookups: %ld\n", numconnects, numcharlookups); printf("Total NLS charset initalization time: %ld usecs/connect\n", (numcharlookups 0 ? tottime/numcharlookups : 0)); } This calculates the average time that the NLS character set lookup takes. It also prints out the username of each connection, as an example of using parameters. Login as root and run Systemtap over the PHP script: # cd ~cjones/php-src # stap -c 'sapi/cli/php ~cjones/test.php' ~cjones/oci.stp Connected as cj <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> Connects: 1, Charset lookups: 1 Total NLS charset initalization time: 164 usecs/connect This shows the time penalty of making OCI8 look up the default character set. This time would be zero if a character set had been passed as the fourth argument to oci_connect() in test.php.

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  • Listing common SQL Code Smells.

    - by Phil Factor
    Once you’ve done a number of SQL Code-reviews, you’ll know those signs in the code that all might not be well. These ’Code Smells’ are coding styles that don’t directly cause a bug, but are indicators that all is not well with the code. . Kent Beck and Massimo Arnoldi seem to have coined the phrase in the "OnceAndOnlyOnce" page of www.C2.com, where Kent also said that code "wants to be simple". Bad Smells in Code was an essay by Kent Beck and Martin Fowler, published as Chapter 3 of the book ‘Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code’ (ISBN 978-0201485677) Although there are generic code-smells, SQL has its own particular coding habits that will alert the programmer to the need to re-factor what has been written. See Exploring Smelly Code   and Code Deodorants for Code Smells by Nick Harrison for a grounding in Code Smells in C# I’ve always been tempted by the idea of automating a preliminary code-review for SQL. It would be so useful to trawl through code and pick up the various problems, much like the classic ‘Lint’ did for C, and how the Code Metrics plug-in for .NET Reflector by Jonathan 'Peli' de Halleux is used for finding Code Smells in .NET code. The problem is that few of the standard procedural code smells are relevant to SQL, and we need an agreed list of code smells. Merrilll Aldrich made a grand start last year in his blog Top 10 T-SQL Code Smells.However, I'd like to make a start by discovering if there is a general opinion amongst Database developers what the most important SQL Smells are. One can be a bit defensive about code smells. I will cheerfully write very long stored procedures, even though they are frowned on. I’ll use dynamic SQL occasionally. You can only use them as an aid for your own judgment and it is fine to ‘sign them off’ as being appropriate in particular circumstances. Also, whole classes of ‘code smells’ may be irrelevant for a particular database. The use of proprietary SQL, for example, is only a ‘code smell’ if there is a chance that the database will have to be ported to another RDBMS. The use of dynamic SQL is a risk only with certain security models. As the saying goes,  a CodeSmell is a hint of possible bad practice to a pragmatist, but a sure sign of bad practice to a purist. Plamen Ratchev’s wonderful article Ten Common SQL Programming Mistakes lists some of these ‘code smells’ along with out-and-out mistakes, but there are more. The use of nested transactions, for example, isn’t entirely incorrect, even though the database engine ignores all but the outermost: but it does flag up the possibility that the programmer thinks that nested transactions are supported. If anything requires some sort of general agreement, the definition of code smells is one. I’m therefore going to make this Blog ‘dynamic, in that, if anyone twitters a suggestion with a #SQLCodeSmells tag (or sends me a twitter) I’ll update the list here. If you add a comment to the blog with a suggestion of what should be added or removed, I’ll do my best to oblige. In other words, I’ll try to keep this blog up to date. The name against each 'smell' is the name of the person who Twittered me, commented about or who has written about the 'smell'. it does not imply that they were the first ever to think of the smell! Use of deprecated syntax such as *= (Dave Howard) Denormalisation that requires the shredding of the contents of columns. (Merrill Aldrich) Contrived interfaces Use of deprecated datatypes such as TEXT/NTEXT (Dave Howard) Datatype mis-matches in predicates that rely on implicit conversion.(Plamen Ratchev) Using Correlated subqueries instead of a join   (Dave_Levy/ Plamen Ratchev) The use of Hints in queries, especially NOLOCK (Dave Howard /Mike Reigler) Few or No comments. Use of functions in a WHERE clause. (Anil Das) Overuse of scalar UDFs (Dave Howard, Plamen Ratchev) Excessive ‘overloading’ of routines. The use of Exec xp_cmdShell (Merrill Aldrich) Excessive use of brackets. (Dave Levy) Lack of the use of a semicolon to terminate statements Use of non-SARGable functions on indexed columns in predicates (Plamen Ratchev) Duplicated code, or strikingly similar code. Misuse of SELECT * (Plamen Ratchev) Overuse of Cursors (Everyone. Special mention to Dave Levy & Adrian Hills) Overuse of CLR routines when not necessary (Sam Stange) Same column name in different tables with different datatypes. (Ian Stirk) Use of ‘broken’ functions such as ‘ISNUMERIC’ without additional checks. Excessive use of the WHILE loop (Merrill Aldrich) INSERT ... EXEC (Merrill Aldrich) The use of stored procedures where a view is sufficient (Merrill Aldrich) Not using two-part object names (Merrill Aldrich) Using INSERT INTO without specifying the columns and their order (Merrill Aldrich) Full outer joins even when they are not needed. (Plamen Ratchev) Huge stored procedures (hundreds/thousands of lines). Stored procedures that can produce different columns, or order of columns in their results, depending on the inputs. Code that is never used. Complex and nested conditionals WHILE (not done) loops without an error exit. Variable name same as the Datatype Vague identifiers. Storing complex data  or list in a character map, bitmap or XML field User procedures with sp_ prefix (Aaron Bertrand)Views that reference views that reference views that reference views (Aaron Bertrand) Inappropriate use of sql_variant (Neil Hambly) Errors with identity scope using SCOPE_IDENTITY @@IDENTITY or IDENT_CURRENT (Neil Hambly, Aaron Bertrand) Schemas that involve multiple dated copies of the same table instead of partitions (Matt Whitfield-Atlantis UK) Scalar UDFs that do data lookups (poor man's join) (Matt Whitfield-Atlantis UK) Code that allows SQL Injection (Mladen Prajdic) Tables without clustered indexes (Matt Whitfield-Atlantis UK) Use of "SELECT DISTINCT" to mask a join problem (Nick Harrison) Multiple stored procedures with nearly identical implementation. (Nick Harrison) Excessive column aliasing may point to a problem or it could be a mapping implementation. (Nick Harrison) Joining "too many" tables in a query. (Nick Harrison) Stored procedure returning more than one record set. (Nick Harrison) A NOT LIKE condition (Nick Harrison) excessive "OR" conditions. (Nick Harrison) User procedures with sp_ prefix (Aaron Bertrand) Views that reference views that reference views that reference views (Aaron Bertrand) sp_OACreate or anything related to it (Bill Fellows) Prefixing names with tbl_, vw_, fn_, and usp_ ('tibbling') (Jeremiah Peschka) Aliases that go a,b,c,d,e... (Dave Levy/Diane McNurlan) Overweight Queries (e.g. 4 inner joins, 8 left joins, 4 derived tables, 10 subqueries, 8 clustered GUIDs, 2 UDFs, 6 case statements = 1 query) (Robert L Davis) Order by 3,2 (Dave Levy) MultiStatement Table functions which are then filtered 'Sel * from Udf() where Udf.Col = Something' (Dave Ballantyne) running a SQL 2008 system in SQL 2000 compatibility mode(John Stafford)

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