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  • Why can't I sort this container?

    - by Knowing me knowing you
    Please don't mind that there is no insert fnc and that data are hardcoded. The main purpouse of it is to correctly implement iterator for this container. //file Set.h #pragma once template<class T> class Set { template<class T> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Set<T>& obj); private: T** myData_; std::size_t mySize_; std::size_t myIndex_; public: Set(); class iterator : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, T*> { private: T** itData_; public: iterator(T** obj) { itData_ = obj; } T operator*() const { return **itData_; } /*Comparing values of two iterators*/ bool operator<(const iterator& obj) { return **itData_ < **obj.itData_; } /*Substracting two iterators*/ difference_type operator-(const iterator& obj) { return itData_ - obj.itData_; } /*Moving iterator backward for value*/ iterator operator-(const int value) { return itData_ - value; } /*Adding two iterators*/ difference_type operator+(const iterator& obj) { return itData_ + obj.itData_; } /*Moving iterator forward for value*/ iterator operator+(const int value) { return itData_ + value; } bool operator!=(const iterator& obj) { return (itData_ != obj.itData_); } bool operator==(const iterator& obj) { return (itData_ == obj.itData_); } T** operator++() { return ++itData_; } T** operator--() { return --itData_; } }; iterator begin() const { return myData_; } iterator end() const { return myData_ + myIndex_; } }; template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Set<T>& obj) { for (int i = 0;i < 3; ++i) { out << *obj.myData_[i] << "\n"; } return out; } //file Set_impl.h #pragma once #include "stdafx.h" #include "Set.h" template<class T> Set<T>::Set() { mySize_ = 3; myIndex_ = 3; myData_ = new T*[mySize_]; myData_[0] = new T(3); myData_[1] = new T(1); myData_[2] = new T(2); } //main include "stdafx.h" #include "Set_impl.h" int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { Set<int> a; Set<int>::iterator beg_ = a.begin(); Set<int>::iterator end_ = a.end(); std::sort(beg_,end_);//WONT SORT THIS RANGE cin.get(); return 0; } Why sort can't accept this iterators even though I've provided all operators needed for sort to work? I think the best way to check what's going on is to paste this code and run it first. Thanks

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  • How to write a streaming 'operator<<' that can take arbitary containers (of type 'X')?

    - by Drew Dormann
    I have a C++ class "X" which would have special meaning if a container of them were to be sent to a std::ostream. I originally implemented it specifically for std::vector<X>: std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream &os, const std::vector<X> &c ) { // The specialized logic here expects c to be a "container" in simple // terms - only that c.begin() and c.end() return input iterators to X } If I wanted to support std::ostream << std::deque<X> or std::ostream << std::set<X> or any similar container type, the only solution I know of is to copy-paste the entire function and change only the function signature! Is there a way to generically code operator << ( std::ostream &, const Container & )? ("Container" here would be any type that satisfies the commented description above.)

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  • Passing arguments to objects created using the new operator?

    - by Abhijit
    Hi guys, I have a small C++ problem to which I don't know the best solution. I have two classes A and B as follows: class A { int n; B* b; public: A(int num): n(num) { b = new B[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { b[i].setRef(this); } } ~A() { delete [] b; } }; class B { A* a; public: B() { } B(A* aref) { a = aref; } void setRef(A* aref) { a = aref; } }; I am creating an object of class A by passing to its constructor the number of objects of class B I want to be created. I want every object of class B to hold a pointer to the class A object that creates it. I think the best way to do this would be by passing the pointer to the class A object as a constructor argument to the class B object. However, since I'm using the new operator, the no-args constructor for class B is called. As a result, the only solution I can see here is calling the setRef(A*) method for every object of class B after it has been constructed using the new operator. Is there a better solution/design pattern that would be more applicable here? Would using placement new for class B be a better solution? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Is Perl's flip-flop operator bugged? It has global state, how can I reset it?

    - by Evan Carroll
    I'm dismayed. Ok, so this was probably the most fun perl bug I've ever found. Even today I'm learning new stuff about perl. Essentially, the flip-flop operator .. which returns false until the left-hand-side returns true, and then true until the right-hand-side returns false keep global state (or that is what I assume.) My question is can I reset it, (perhaps this would be a good addition to perl4-esque hardly ever used reset())? Or, is there no way to use this operator safely? I also don't see this (the global context bit) documented anywhere in perldoc perlop is this a mistake? Code use feature ':5.10'; use strict; use warnings; sub search { my $arr = shift; grep { !( /start/ .. /never_exist/ ) } @$arr; } my @foo = qw/foo bar start baz end quz quz/; my @bar = qw/foo bar start baz end quz quz/; say 'first shot - foo'; say for search \@foo; say 'second shot - bar'; say for search \@bar; Spoiler $ perl test.pl first shot foo bar second shot

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  • In this example where is the C++ assignment operator used rather than the copy constructor ?

    - by Bill Forster
    As part of an ongoing process of trying to upgrade my C++ skills, I am trying to break some old habits. My old school C programmer inclination is to write this; void func( Widget &ref ) { Widget w; // default constructor int i; for( i=0; i<10; i++ ) { w = ref; // assignment operator // do stuff that modifies w } } This works well. But I think the following is closer to best practice; void func( Widget &ref ) { for( int i=0; i<10; i++ ) { Widget w = ref; // ?? // do stuff that modifies w } } With my Widget class at least, this works fine. But I don't fully understand why. I have two theories; 1) The copy constructor runs 10 times. 2) The copy constructor runs once then the assignment operator runs 9 times. Both of these trouble me a little. 2) in particular seems artificial and wrong. Is there a third possibility that I am missing ?

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  • is there something equivalent to 'Address of' or offset operator in .net?

    - by Gio
    We have nested stuctures as such, used as an interface for some device drivers. On occasion we have to update individual elements. An 'address of' operator would be helpful, but an 'offset' function or operator is what I'm really looking for, but not sure how to go about it. In other words, how far is structureN.elementX away from the start of the structure in bytes? [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct s1 { UInt16 elem1; UInt16 elem2; UInt16 elem3; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct s2 { UInt16 elem1; UInt16 elem2; UInt16 elem3; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct driver { public S1 s1; public S2 s2; } For instance we need to send the device driver some data to update driver.s1.elem3, by way of providing an offset address, data block and length. We would update our local copy, then call the device api with the afore mentioned data. Not sure I have to do this with 'unsafe' method calls. Any help?

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  • Working with Reporting Services Filters–Part 1

    - by smisner
    There are two ways that you can filter data in Reporting Services. The first way, which usually provides a faster performance, is to use query parameters to apply a filter using the WHERE clause in a SQL statement. In that case, the structure of the filter depends upon the syntax recognized by the source database. Another way to filter data in Reporting Services is to apply a filter to a dataset, data region, or a group. Using this latter method, you can even apply multiple filters. However, the use of filter operators or the setup of multiple filters is not always obvious, so in this series of posts, I'll provide some more information about the configuration of filters. First, why not use query parameters exclusively for filtering? Here are a few reasons: You might want to apply a filter to part of the report, but not all of the report. Your dataset might retrieve data from a stored procedure, and doesn't allow you to pass a query parameter for filtering purposes. Your report might be set up as a snapshot on the report server and, in that case, cannot be dynamically filtered based on a query parameter. Next, let's look at how to set up a report filter in general. The process is the same whether you are applying the filter to a dataset, data region, or a group. When you go to the Filters page in the Properties dialog box for whichever of these items you selected (dataset, data region, group), you click the Add button to create a new filter. The interface looks like this: The Expression field is usually a field in the dataset, so to make it easier for you to make a selection,the drop-down list displays all of the current dataset fields. But notice the expression button to the right, which means that you can set up any type of expression-not just a dataset field. To the right of the expression button, you'll find a data type drop-down list. It's important to specify the correct data type for the field or expression you're using. Now for the operators. Here's a list of the options that you have: This Operator Performs This Action =, <>, >, >=, <, <=, Like Compares expression to value Top N, Bottom N Compares expression to Top (Bottom) set of N values (N = integer) Top %, Bottom % Compares expression to Top (Bottom) N percent of values (N = integer or float) Between Determines whether expression is between two values, inclusive In Determines whether expression is found in list of values Last, the Value is what you're comparing to the expression using the operator. The construction of a filter using some operators (=, <>, >, etc.) is fairly simple. If my dataset (for AdventureWorks data) has a Category field, and I have a parameter that prompts the user for a single category, I can set up a filter like this: Expression Data Type Operator Value [Category] Text = [@Category] But if I set the parameter to accept multiple values, I need to change the operator from = to In, just as I would have to do if I were using a query parameter. The parameter expression, [@Category], which translates to =Parameters!Category.Value, doesn’t need to change because it represents an array as soon as I change the parameter to allow multiple values. The “In” operator requires an array. With that in mind, let’s consider a variation on Value. Let’s say that I have a parameter that prompts the user for a particular year – and for simplicity’s sake, this parameter only allows a single value, and I have an expression that evaluates the previous year based on the user’s selection. Then I want to use these two values in two separate filters with an OR condition. That is, I want to filter either by the year selected OR by the year that was computed. If I create two filters, one for each year (as shown below), then the report will only display results if BOTH filter conditions are met – which would never be true. Expression Data Type Operator Value [CalendarYear] Integer = [@Year] [CalendarYear] Integer = =Parameters!Year.Value-1 To handle this scenario, we need to create a single filter that uses the “In” operator, and then set up the Value expression as an array. To create an array, we use the Split function after creating a string that concatenates the two values (highlighted in yellow) as shown below. Expression Data Type Operator Value =Cstr(Fields!CalendarYear.Value) Text In =Split( CStr(Parameters!Year.Value) + ”,” + CStr(Parameters!Year.Value-1) , “,”) Note that in this case, I had to apply a string conversion on the year integer so that I could concatenate the parameter selection with the calculated year. Pay attention to the second argument of the Split function—you must use a comma delimiter for the result to work correctly with the In operator. I also had to change the Expression value from [CalendarYear] (or =Fields!CalendarYear.Value) so that the expression would return a string that I could compare with the values in the string array. More fun with filter expressions in future posts!

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  • First time shadow mapping problems

    - by user1294203
    I have implemented basic shadow mapping for the first time in OpenGL using shaders and I'm facing some problems. Below you can see an example of my rendered scene: The process of the shadow mapping I'm following is that I render the scene to the framebuffer using a View Matrix from the light point of view and the projection and model matrices used for normal rendering. In the second pass, I send the above MVP matrix from the light point of view to the vertex shader which transforms the position to light space. The fragment shader does the perspective divide and changes the position to texture coordinates. Here is my vertex shader, #version 150 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform mat4 lightMVP; uniform float scale; in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; smooth out vec4 lightspace_Position; void main(void){ pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; lightspace_Position = lightMVP * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } And my fragment shader, #version 150 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D inSampler; uniform sampler2D inShadowMap; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; smooth in vec4 lightspace_Position; out vec4 out_Color; float CalcShadowFactor(vec4 lightspace_Position){ vec3 ProjectionCoords = lightspace_Position.xyz / lightspace_Position.w; vec2 UVCoords; UVCoords.x = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.x + 0.5; UVCoords.y = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.y + 0.5; float Depth = texture(inShadowMap, UVCoords).x; if(Depth < (ProjectionCoords.z + 0.001)) return 0.5; else return 1.0; } void main(void){ vec3 Normal = normalize(pass_Normal); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-pass_Position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float diffuse = max(0.2, dot(Normal, light_Direction)); vec3 temp_Color = diffuse * vec3(1.0); float specular = max( 0.0, dot( Normal, half_vector) ); float shadowFactor = CalcShadowFactor(lightspace_Position); if(diffuse != 0 && shadowFactor > 0.5){ float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); temp_Color += fspecular; } out_Color = vec4(shadowFactor * texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz * temp_Color, 1.0); } One of the problems is self shadowing as you can see in the picture, the crate has its own shadow cast on itself. What I have tried is enabling polygon offset (i.e. glEnable(POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL), glPolygonOffset(GLfloat, GLfloat) ) but it didn't change much. As you see in the fragment shader, I have put a static offset value of 0.001 but I have to change the value depending on the distance of the light to get more desirable effects , which not very handy. I also tried using front face culling when I render to the framebuffer, that didn't change much too. The other problem is that pixels outside the Light's view frustum get shaded. The only object that is supposed to be able to cast shadows is the crate. I guess I should pick more appropriate projection and view matrices, but I'm not sure how to do that. What are some common practices, should I pick an orthographic projection? From googling around a bit, I understand that these issues are not that trivial. Does anyone have any easy to implement solutions to these problems. Could you give me some additional tips? Please ask me if you need more information on my code. Here is a comparison with and without shadow mapping of a close-up of the crate. The self-shadowing is more visible.

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  • Game Input mouse filtering

    - by aaron
    I'm having a problem with filtering mouse inputs, the method I am doing right know moves the cursor back to the center of the screen each frame. But I cant do this because it messes with other things. Does anyone know how to implement this with delta mouse movement. Here is the relevant code. void update() { static float oldX = 0; static float oldY = 0; static float walkSpeed = .05f; static float sensitivity = 0.002f;//mouse sensitivity static float smooth = 0.7f;//mouse smoothing (0.0 - 0.99) float w = ScreenResolution.x/2.0f; float h = ScreenResolution.y/2.0f; Vec2f scrc(w,h); Vec2f mpos(getMouseX(),getMouseY()); float x = scrc.x-mpos.x; float y = scrc.y-mpos.y; oldX = (oldX*smooth + x*(1.0-smooth)); oldY = (oldY*smooth + y*(1.0-smooth)); x = oldX * sensitivity; y = oldY * sensitivity; camera->rotate(Vec3f(y,0,0)); transform->setRotation(transform->getRotation()*Quaternionf::fromAxisAngle(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,-x)); setMousePosition((int)scrc.x,(int)scrc.y);//THIS IS THE PROBLEM LINE HOW CAN I AVOID THIS .... }

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  • GNOME 3.8 stutters / lags

    - by Robin
    I recently installed Fedora 19 beta and noticed unusually laggy behaviour of GNOME Shell (3.8) on the Nouveau driver on a nVidia 9200GS (also with nVidia driver) So I thought this could be related to Fedora so I installed Ubuntu 13.04 which comes with GNOME 3.6. Everything was buttery smooth as it has always been, but once I upgraded GNOME to 3.8, I experience the same laggy performance on Ubuntu as well. I'm talking about the animations, such as the window overview in activities, openSUSE live image with 3.6 = smooth Ubuntu 13.04 live image with 3.6 = smooth Ubuntu 13.04 install with 3.6 = smooth Ubuntu 13.04 install with 3.8 = laggy Fedora live image with 3.8 = laggy Fedora install with 3.8 = laggy Does anyone have a clue what could be going on?

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  • C++ templates - matrix class

    - by lastOfMohicans
    Hi I'm learning templates in C++ so I decied to write matrix class which would be a template class. In Matrix.h file I wrote #pragma once #include "stdafx.h" #include <vector> using namespace std; template<class T> class Matrix { public: Matrix(); ~Matrix(); GetDataVector(); SetDataVector(vector<vector<T>> dataVector); bool operator == (Matrix* matrix); bool operator < (Matrix* matrix); bool operator <= (Matrix* matrix); bool operator > (Matrix* matrix); bool operator >= (Matrix* matrix); Matrix* operator + (Matrix* matrix); Matrix* operator - (Matrix* matrix); Matrix* operator * (Matrix* matrix); private: vector<vector<T>> datavector; int columns,rows; }; In Matrix cpp Visual Stuio automaticlly generated code for default constructors #include "StdAfx.h" #include "Matrix.h" Matrix::Matrix() { } Matrix::~Matrix() { } However if I want to compile this I get an error 'Matrix' : use of class template requires template argument list The error are in file Matrix.cpp in default constructors What may be the problem ??

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  • C++ STL question related to insert iterators and overloaded operators

    - by rshepherd
    #include <list> #include <set> #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; class MyContainer { public: string value; MyContainer& operator=(const string& s) { this->value = s; return *this; } }; int main() { list<string> strings; strings.push_back("0"); strings.push_back("1"); strings.push_back("2"); set<MyContainer> containers; copy(strings.begin(), strings.end(), inserter(containers, containers.end())); } The preceeding code does not compile. In standard C++ fashion the error output is verbose and difficult to understand. The key part seems to be this... /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algobase.h:313: error: no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘__result.std::insert_iterator::operator* [with _Container = std::set, std::allocator ]() = __first.std::_List_iterator::operator* [with _Tp = std::basic_string, std::allocator ]()’ ...which I interpet to mean that the assignment operator needed is not defined. I took a look at the source code for insert_iterator and noted that it has overloaded the assignment operator. The copy algorithm must uses the insert iterators overloaded assignment operator to do its work(?). I guess that because my input iterator is on a container of strings and my output iterator is on a container of MyContainers that the overloaded insert_iterator assignment operator can no longer work. This is my best guess, but I am probably wrong. So, why exactly does this not work and how can I accomplish what I am trying to do?

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  • C++ STL question related to insert iterators and sets

    - by rshepherd
    #include #include #include #include using namespace std; class MyContainer { public: string value; MyContainer& operator=(const string& s) { this->value = s; return *this; } }; int main() { list<string> strings; strings.push_back("0"); strings.push_back("1"); strings.push_back("2"); set<MyContainer> containers; copy(strings.begin(), strings.end(), inserter(containers, containers.end())); } The preceeding code does not compile. In typical STL style the error output is verbose and difficult to understand. The key part seems to be this... /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algobase.h:313: error: no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘__result.std::insert_iterator::operator* [with _Container = std::set, std::allocator ]() = __first.std::_List_iterator::operator* [with _Tp = std::basic_string, std::allocator ]()’ ...which I interpet to mean that the assignment operator needed is not defined. I took a look at the source code for insert_iterator and noted that it has overloaded the assignment operator. The copy algorithm must uses the insert iterators overloaded assignment operator to do its work(?). I guess that because my input iterator is on a container of strings and my output iterator is on a container of MyContainers that the overloaded insert_iterator assignment operator can no longer work. This is my best guess, but I am probably wrong. So, why exactly does this not work and how can I accomplish what I am trying to do?

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  • Using enum values to represent binary operators (or functions)

    - by Bears will eat you
    I'm looking for an elegant way to use values in a Java enum to represent operations or functions. My guess is, since this is Java, there just isn't going to be a nice way to do it, but here goes anyway. My enum looks something like this: public enum Operator { LT, LTEQ, EQEQ, GT, GTEQ, NEQ; ... } where LT means < (less than), LTEQ means <= (less than or equal to), etc - you get the idea. Now I want to actually use these enum values to apply an operator. I know I could do this just using a whole bunch of if-statements, but that's the ugly, OO way, e.g.: int a = ..., b = ...; Operator foo = ...; // one of the enum values if (foo == Operator.LT) { return a < b; } else if (foo == Operator.LTEQ) { return a <= b; } else if ... // etc What I'd like to be able to do is cut out this structure and use some sort of first-class function or even polymorphism, but I'm not really sure how. Something like: int a = ..., b = ...; Operator foo = ...; return foo.apply(a, b); or even int a = ..., b = ...; Operator foo = ...; return a foo.convertToOperator() b; But as far as I've seen, I don't think it's possible to return an operator or function (at least, not without using some 3rd-party library). Any suggestions?

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  • Java Google App Engine Datastore: 'IN' operator available on JDO query filters, as with Python?

    - by Jim Blackler
    This page describes an 'IN' operator that can be used in GAE Datastore to compare a field against a list of possible matches, not just a single value: However this is for Python. In Java (App Engine 1.2.5), trying query.setFilter("someField IN param"); on my javax.jdo.query fires a JDOUserException 'Portion of expression could not be parsed: IN param'. Is there a way this can be done?

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  • Avoiding SQL Injection in SQL query with Like Operator using parameters?

    - by MikeJ
    Taking over some code from my predecessor and I found a query that uses the Like operator: SELECT * FROM suppliers WHERE supplier_name like '%'+name+%'; Trying to avoid SQL Injection problem and parameterize this but I am not quite sure how this would be accomplished. Any suggestions ? note, I need a solution for classic ADO.NET - I don't really have the go-ahead to switch this code over to something like LINQ.

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  • Can i use a generic implicit or explicit operator? C#

    - by acidzombie24
    How do i change the following statement so it accepts any type instead of long? Now here is the catch, if there is no constructor i dont want it compiling. So if theres a constructor for string, long and double but no bool how do i have this one line work for all of these support types? ATM i just copied pasted it but i wouldnt like doing that if i had 20types (as trivial as the task may be) public static explicit operator MyClass(long v) { return new MyClass(v); }

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