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• What happens when a computer program runs?

  - by gaijinco

  I know the general theory but I can't fit in the details. I know that a program resides in the secondary memory of a computer. Once the program begins execution it is entirely copied to the RAM. Then the processor retrive a few instructions (it depends on the size of the bus) at a time, puts them in registers and executes them. I also know that a computer program uses two kinds of memory: stack and heap, which are also part of the primary memory of the computer. The stack is used for non-dynamic memory, and the heap for dynamic memory (for example, everything related to the new operator in C++) What I can't understand is how those two things connect. At what point is the stack used for the execution of the instructions? Instructions go from the RAM, to the stack, to the registers?

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• Stuck with the math in a Flash project, would parsing engine help?

  - by VideoDnd

  I've been stuck with the math in a Flash project? It's a loose design pattern my director formulated. My goal is to keep the project object oriented, and get 'non Flash obstacles' off my plate. Do you recommend using parsing engines for processing math? XML values going to AS3, updating a changing acceleration formula. I don't hate math, but it just doesn't seem OOP or good project planning to have the math stuck in Flash. Your comments are welcome.

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• C++ build systems

  - by flo

  I will start a new C++ project (it may have some C components as well) soon and I am looking for a modern, industrial-strength (i.e. non-beta) build system. The software will be created by several developers in 3-5 years and will run on Linux (Mac OS X and Windows might be supported later). I am looking for something that has better comprehensibility, ease-of-use and maintainability than e.g. make but is still powerful enough to handle a complex project. Open source software is preferred. I started looking into Boost.Build, CMake, Maven and SCons so far and liked features and concepts of all of those, but I'm lacking the experience to make a decision for a large project.

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• Redirect to Apache default 404 page with mod_rewrite?

  - by Pekka

  Is there a way to actively serve Apache's default 404 page for a number of URLs using mod_rewrite? Not a custom error document, but a rule like RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/dirname/pagename RewriteRule -- serve 404 page ----- I guess I could build a PHP page that sends the 404 header and have mod_rewrite redirect all the URLs there but I would prefer a solution that is based on mod_rewrite only. I just had the idea of redirecting to a non-existent address: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/dirname/pagename RewriteRule .* /sflkadsölfkasdfölkasdflökasdf but that would give the user the message "/sflkadsölfkasdfölkasdflökasdf does not exist" on the error page, which looks a bit unprofessional.

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• Figuring out what makes a C++ class abstract in VS2008

  - by suszterpatt

  I'm using VS2008 to build a plain old C++ program (not C++/CLI). I have an abstract base class and a non-abstract derived class, and building this: Base* obj; obj = new Derived(); fails with the error "'Derived': cannot instantiate abstract class". (It may be worth noting, however, that if I hover over Base with the cursor, VS will pop up a tooltip saying "class Base abstract", but hovering over Derived will only say "class Derived" (no "abstract")). The definitions of these classes are fairly large and I'd like to avoid manually checking if each method has been overridden. Can VS do this for me somehow? Any general tips on pinpointing the exact parts of the class' definition that make it abstract?

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• C# Bug or Brain Teaser? Cast working only with Coalesce (??) Operator

  - by Alex

  This is very strange, maybe someone can explain what's happening, or this is a bug (though I tend to think that this is probably just something intricate about C#). The following code throws the error "Cannot implicitly convert type 'uint?' to 'uint'.": public void Test(UInt32? p) { UInt32 x = p; } However, this code works without error: public void Test(UInt32? p) { UInt32 x = p ?? 1; } Huh? Why does this work? Why would the coalesce operator cause implicit conversion of UInt32? (nullable) to UInt32 (non-nullable), while the first error message says that there is no implicit conversion between those types?

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• Rails + simple role system through associative table

  - by user202411

  So I have the Ninja model which has many Hovercrafts through ninja_hovercrafts (which stores the ninja_id and the hovercraft_id). It is of my understanding that this kind of arrangement should be set in a way that the associative table stores only enough information to bind two different classes. But I'd like to use the associative table to work as a very streamlined authorization hub on my application. So i'd also like this table to inform my system if this binding makes the ninja the pilot or co-pilot of a given hovercraft, through a "role" field in the table. My questions are: Is this ugly? Is this normal? Are there methods built into rails that would help me to automagically create Ninjas and Hovercrafts associations WITH the role? For exemple, could I have a nested form to create both ninjas and hcs in a way that the role field in ninjas_hovercrafts would be also filled? If managing my application roles this way isn't a good idea, whats the non-resource heavy alternative (my app is being designed trying to avoid scalability problems such as excessive joins, includes, etc) thank you

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• Move/copy files/folder in linux/solaris using only bash built-ins

  - by KullDox

  There was a situation when somebody moved the whole rootdir into a subdir on a remote system, thus all the system tools like cp, mv, etc didn't work anymore. We had an active session though but couldn't find a way to copy/move the files back using only bash built-ins. Do somebody know of a way to achieve this? I even thought about copy the cp or mv binary in the currentdir with while read -r; do echo $LINE; done and then redirect this to a file, but it didn't work. Guess because of all the special non printable chars in a binary file that can't be copied/displayed using echo. thanks.

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• What are my options for streaming for silverlight?

  - by Will I Am

  I would like to implement limited scope streaming (LAN, multicast, even broadcast) where the client is implemented in silverlight. More importantly, I would like to stream from a desktop OS, not a server OS. As a result, I can't use the MS media server, which I believe requires WS2003 or WS2008. Ideally the solution would have some sort of API so I can plug in or provide a custom frame source. If I need to encode my own video, how can I encode using H.264 or another Silverlight supported codec? if I need to implement my own server, where can I find information about how a client starts to receive a stream? thank you! I know, it's a lot of questions, but it basically boils down to "how do I stream from a non-server OS?"

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• TDD Example for Business Apps

  - by Jimmo

  I understand the general idea about unit testing and have used it in scenarios where complex interactions were happening in a system, but I still have a question about all of those principles coming together. We are cautioned about not testing the framework, or the database. Good UI design does not lend itself to non-human testing. UI interaction in general is excluded in MVC frameworks. In many apps what is left?. 37signals talks about extensive unit testing, but in an app like Basecamp or Backpack, what exactly are the types of things being tested through appropriate unit tests? What would 100% code coverage mean in that scenario?

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• Why does s ++ t not lead to a stack overflow for large s?

  - by martingw

  I'm wondering why Prelude> head $ reverse $ [1..10000000] ++ [99] 99 does not lead to a stack overflow error. The ++ in the prelude seems straight forward and non-tail-recursive: (++) :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] (++) [] ys = ys (++) (x:xs) ys = x : xs ++ ys So just with this, it should run into a stack overflow, right? So I figure it probably has something to do with the ghc magic that follows the definition of ++: {-# RULES "++" [~1] forall xs ys. xs ++ ys = augment (\c n -> foldr c n xs) ys #-} Is that what helps avoiding the stack overflow? Could someone provide some hint for what's going on in this piece of code?

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• Grouping string by comma between brackets

  - by Myra

  Response to : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1454913/regular-expression-to-find-a-string-included-between-two-characters-while-exclud Hi,I'm looking for a regex pattern that applies to my string including brackets: [1,2,3,4,5] [abc,ef,g] [0,2,4b,y7] could be anything including word,digit,non-word together or separated. I wish to get the group between brackets by \[(.*?)\] but what is the regex pattern that will give me the group between brackets and sub-group strings separated by commas so that the result may be following ?? Group1 : [1,2,3,4,5] Group1: 1 Group2: 2 Group3: 3 Group4: 4 Group5: 5 Group2 : [abc,ef,g] Group1: abc Group2: ef Group3: g etc .. Thank you for your help

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• How to set utf8 in the auto-generated PHP code of flash builder 4 ?

  - by Mark

  HI, PHP problem here (I think): I've just created a Flex (Flash Builder) project with a datagrid linked to a database - the database is all utf8. When I run the project using the auto-generated code in flex4, the non-English part comes like ????? while the English part comes fine. The auto-generated PHP code uses mysqli. I've tried: $this->connection->set_charset('utf8'); or mysqli_query($this->connection,"SET NAMES utf8"); I also tried writing the code myself (I'm not a PHP guy): mysql_query("set names utf8"); was fine - but that's mysql and not mysqli (that's an "i" after the mysql) and I want to use the auto-generated code... any help is appreciated.

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• Detect if PCRE was built without the --enable-unicode-properties or --enable-utf8 configuration switches

  - by Mark Baker

  I've a PHP library that uses a number of regular expressions featuring the \P expressions for multibyte strings, e.g. ((((?:\P{M}\p{M}*)+?)|(\'[^\']*\')|(\"[^\"]*\"))!)?\$?([a-z]{1,3})\$?(\d+) While this works on most builds, I've had a few reports of the regexp returning an error. Depending on Operating platform, the error messages from PCRE are: Compilation failed: PCRE does not support \L, \l, \N, \P, \p, \U, \u, or \X at offset n or Compilation failed: support for \\P, \\p, and \\X has not been compiled at offset n I know that I can probably test a regexp at the beginning of my code that uses \P, and trap for a returned error, then use that response to set a compatibility flag and provide a degraded (non UTF-8) regexp without the \P within the main body of my code based on that compatibility flag; but I was wondering if there was any simpler way to identify whether PCRE had been built without the --enable-unicode-properties or --enable-utf8 configuration switches. PHP provides access to PCRE_VERSION constant, but that won't help identify whether \P support is enabled or not.

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• a completely decoupled OO system ?

  - by shrini1000

  To make an OO system as decoupled as possible, I'm thinking of the following approach: 1) we run an RMI/directory like service where objects can register and discover each other. They talk to this service through an interface 2) we run a messaging service to which objects can publish messages, and register subscription callbacks. Again, this happens through interfaces 3) when object A wants to invoke a method on object B, it discovers the target object's unique identity through #1 above, and publishes a message on the message service for object B 4) message services invokes B's callback to give it the message 5) B processes the request and sends the response for A on message service 6) A's callback is called and it gets the response. I feel this system is as decoupled as practically possible, but it has the following problems: 1) communication is typically asynchronous 2) hence it's non real time 3) the system as a whole is less efficient. Are there any other practical problems where this design obviously won't be applicable ? What are your thoughts on this design in general ?

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• Somewhat newb question about assy and the heap.

  - by Eric M

  Ultimately I am just trying to figure out how to dynamically allocate heap memory from within assembly. If I call Linux sbrk() from assembly code, can I use the address returned as I would use an address of a statically (ie in the .data section of my program listing) declared chunk of memory? I know Linux uses the hardware MMU if present, so I am not sure if what sbrk returns is a 'raw' pointer to real RAM, or is it a cooked pointer to RAM that may be modified by Linux's VM system? I read this: How are sbrk/brk implemented in Linux?. I suspect I can not use the return value from sbrk() without worry: the MMU fault on access-non-allocated-address must cause the VM to alter the real location in RAM being addressed. Thus assy, not linked against libc or what-have-you, would not know the address has changed. Does this make sense, or am I out to lunch?

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• optimized grid for rectangular items

  - by peterchen

  I have N rectangular items with an aspect ratio Aitem (X:Y). I have a rectangular display area with an aspect ratio Aview The items should be arranged in a table-like layout (i.e. r rows, c columns). what is the ideal grid rows x columns, so that individual items are largest? (rows * colums = N, of course - i.e. there may be "unused" grid places). A simple algorithm could iterate over rows = 1..N, calculate the required number of columns, and keep the row/column pair with the largest items. I wonder if there's a non-iterative algorithm, though (e.g. for Aitem = Aview = 1, rows / cols can be approximated by sqrt(N)).

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• String Functions in IIS Url Rewrite Module

  - by Nariman

  The IIS URL Rewrite Module ships with 3 built-in functions: * ToLower - returns the input string converted to lower case. * UrlEncode - returns the input string converted to URL-encoded format. This function can be used if the substitution URL in rewrite rule contains special characters (for example non-ASCII or URI-unsafe characters). * UrlDecode - decodes the URL-encoded input string. This function can be used to decode a condition input before matching it against a pattern. The functions can be invoked by using the following syntax: {function_name:any_string} The question is: can this list be extended by introducing a Replace function that's available for changing values within a rewrite rule action or condition? Another way to frame the question: is there any way to do a global replace on a URL coming in using this module? It seems that you're limited to using regular expressions and back-references to construct strings, without a search/replace functionality to replace every X with Y in {REQUEST_URI} before issuing a redirect.

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• Updating display of elements on the web page without refreshing the whole page

  - by ivorossi3

  Last time I coded a web application was almost 10 years ago. I used Java/JSP/HTML/CSS etc. I've been coding non-web applications only ever since. When I look at modern sites now (like this one), I realize how my web development skills are obsolete. Maybe the most obvious "feature" that I wouldn't know how to implement now is the update of elements on the page after user input without having to refresh the whole page (e.g. the voting/downvoting here updates the vote count without reloading the whole page). What are the basic technologies behind this?

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• Up to date Ruby On Rails books?

  - by Earlz

  Hello, I've been trying to learn Rails for a while now and I just can not piece it all together with random blogs and SO questions, so I've decided I need a full book/ebook. Can anyone suggest a good one? I've been looking at Agile Web Development With Rails 4th edition. There is an old question about Ruby On Rails books but it is from 2008 and there has been new Rails releases since then. I basically would like a book that is more than a reference, but also doesn't assume I'm a non-programmer. Also, I already know a lot of Ruby. So, what books would you recommend that is up to date and also doesn't treat me like a baby?

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• android, find the nearest location without going through all the locations

  - by Marwan

  I am building a taxi dispatching app first: I need the passenger app to show the nearest taxis, now I know how to do that in code but in my way I have to go through all the taxis locations(in database on server) and calculate the distance from the passenger location and get the lowest ones - I don't want to do this because there will be a lot of taxis and going through all of them and making some math is kind of pain on the server- is there a way to get the nearest ones without going through all of them? second: what the best database to use - first, should it be sql or non-sql - I need a very robust database, because there will be a lot of updates (I mean the passengers locations added then deleted when arriving to destination && the taxis location changes frequently) finally: I will use RubyOnRails to do the server side and json as data transfer format, do you have a recommendation to me on something better? Thanks

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• I know the big picture but can't put it in place

  - by Simbilim

  Hi, I'm interested in web development and by that I mean the bigger projects like facebook or twitter. I know the basics of java, css, php and mysql. I know there is a lot more out there. I read about it. But I don't know what the purpose is and how to put in place. Things like: Scribe, thrift, casandra, Unix/Linux, shell/perl/python scripting, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, non-relational NoSQL datastores, JVM, nginx I want to know why they need it, how they use it and what te purpose is. What I need is a book like technical background of facebook for dummies or so. Are there any books or websites that explain this from scratch? Thank you!

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• Alternatives libraries for loading PNG images

  - by Robert

  My java J2SE application is reading a lot of (png) images from the web and some of them use features such as a transparency color for true-color images (tRNS section) that Sun's/Oracle's PNGImageReader implementation simply ignores. Therefore the common solution for loading via ImageIO.read(...); does not work for me as it relies on this incomplete PNGImageReader implementation. Does anybody know a png reader implementation that can read all forms of PNG images correctly - those with color table or true-color and alpha transparency or transparent color? As it is for a GPL project it should be a non-commercial one that can be included without licensing problems into the app. Edit: My be this question was too specific. Therefore let be redesign my question: Who knows alternative implementations and libraries that are able to load PNG files? I will then test the implementations for their capabilities to load some test png images. Edit2: The end result have to be a BufferedImage

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• Where can I find a control similar to the Firefox Rich List Box for use in my application?

  - by bsruth

  I'm trying to implement a control similar to Firefox's Rich List Box: However, I can only find the XUL implementation of this control, and I don't want to have to include a XUL processing engine in my application just to get a cool looking listbox. I've been trying to implement one on my own by customizing MFC's CListBox control, but am starting to realize it may take more time than I had intended. Before continuing to implement this control from scratch, I was wondering if anyone knew of a similar control that already exists, either commercial or open source. The main functionality I would like to have is: Small display for non selected items that expands when selected. Ability to add arbitrary controls to the expanded view. Preferably native code, but can probably use managed controls via native/managed interop with out too much extra work. Any help would be appreciated, I don't want to have to reinvent the wheel if I don't have to.

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• What's the most straightforward way to typeset MLA-style college essays in LaTeX?

  - by bcat

  I've been using LaTeX for a little while now to typeset my algorithms homework, and I really like the quality of the output as well as the ease-of-use. I'd like to starting using LaTeX in other classes as well, but non–computer-science subjects have more stringent formatting requirements than I've come across in CS. Most classes that require essays want them to be formatted in MLA style, but I'm not sure what to best way to do that using LaTeX is. I've tried Googling "latex mla" and other similar things, but I've found many different MLA templates, and my LaTeX skills aren't good enough to determine which is the best. Is anyone else using LaTeX for "normal" essays, and, if so, how are you doing it?

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