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  • Why do I get rows of zeros in my 2D fft?

    - by Nicholas Pringle
    I am trying to replicate the results from a paper. "Two-dimensional Fourier Transform (2D-FT) in space and time along sections of constant latitude (east-west) and longitude (north-south) were used to characterize the spectrum of the simulated flux variability south of 40degS." - Lenton et al(2006) The figures published show "the log of the variance of the 2D-FT". I have tried to create an array consisting of the seasonal cycle of similar data as well as the noise. I have defined the noise as the original array minus the signal array. Here is the code that I used to plot the 2D-FT of the signal array averaged in latitude: import numpy as np from numpy import ma from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from Scientific.IO.NetCDF import NetCDFFile ### input directory indir = '/home/nicholas/data/' ### get the flux data which is in ### [time(5day ave for 10 years),latitude,longitude] nc = NetCDFFile(indir + 'CFLX_2000_2009.nc','r') cflux_southern_ocean = nc.variables['Cflx'][:,10:50,:] cflux_southern_ocean = ma.masked_values(cflux_southern_ocean,1e+20) # mask land nc.close() cflux = cflux_southern_ocean*1e08 # change units of data from mmol/m^2/s ### create an array that consists of the seasonal signal fro each pixel year_stack = np.split(cflux, 10, axis=0) year_stack = np.array(year_stack) signal_array = np.tile(np.mean(year_stack, axis=0), (10, 1, 1)) signal_array = ma.masked_where(signal_array > 1e20, signal_array) # need to mask ### average the array over latitude(or longitude) signal_time_lon = ma.mean(signal_array, axis=1) ### do a 2D Fourier Transform of the time/space image ft = np.fft.fft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log(mgft) log_mgft= np.log(mgft) Every second row of the ft consists completely of zeros. Why is this? Would it be acceptable to add a randomly small number to the signal to avoid this. signal_time_lon = signal_time_lon + np.random.randint(0,9,size=(730, 182))*1e-05 EDIT: Adding images and clarify meaning The output of rfft2 still appears to be a complex array. Using fftshift shifts the edges of the image to the centre; I still have a power spectrum regardless. I expect that the reason that I get rows of zeros is that I have re-created the timeseries for each pixel. The ft[0, 0] pixel contains the mean of the signal. So the ft[1, 0] corresponds to a sinusoid with one cycle over the entire signal in the rows of the starting image. Here are is the starting image using following code: plt.pcolormesh(signal_time_lon); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') Here is result using following code: ft = np.fft.rfft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log1p(mgft) plt.pcolormesh(log_ps); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') It may not be clear in the image but it is only every second row that contains completely zeros. Every tenth pixel (log_ps[10, 0]) is a high value. The other pixels (log_ps[2, 0], log_ps[4, 0] etc) have very low values.

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  • SQLAlchemy - relationship limited on more than just the foreign key

    - by Marian
    I have a wiki db layout with Page and Revisions. Each Revision has a page_id referencing the Page, a page relationship to the referenced page; each Page has a all_revisions relationship to all its revisions. So far so common. But I want to implement different epochs for the pages: If a page was deleted and is recreated, the new revisions have a new epoch. To help find the correct revisions, each page has a current_epoch field. Now I want to provide a revisions relation on the page that only contains its revisions, but only those where the epochs match. This is what I've tried: revisions = relationship('Revision', primaryjoin = and_( 'Page.id == Revision.page_id', 'Page.current_epoch == Revision.epoch', ), foreign_keys=['Page.id', 'Page.current_epoch'] ) Full code (you may run that as it is) However this always raises ArgumentError: Could not determine relationship direction for primaryjoin condition ...`, I've tried all I had come to mind, it didn't work. What am I doing wrong? Is this a bad approach for doing this, how could it be done other than with a relationship?

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  • Writing good tests for Django applications

    - by Ludwik Trammer
    I've never written any tests in my life, but I'd like to start writing tests for my Django projects. I've read some articles about tests and decided to try to write some tests for an extremely simple Django app or a start. The app has two views (a list view, and a detail view) and a model with four fields: class News(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=250) content = models.TextField() pub_date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) I would like to show you my tests.py file and ask: Does it make sense? Am I even testing for the right things? Are there best practices I'm not following, and you could point me to? my tests.py (it contains 11 tests): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.test import TestCase from django.test.client import Client from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse import datetime from someproject.myapp.models import News class viewTest(TestCase): def setUp(self): self.test_title = u'Test title: bareksc' self.test_content = u'This is a content 156' self.test_slug = u'test-title-bareksc' self.test_pub_date = datetime.datetime.today() self.test_item = News.objects.create( title=self.test_title, content=self.test_content, slug=self.test_slug, pub_date=self.test_pub_date, ) client = Client() self.response_detail = client.get(self.test_item.get_absolute_url()) self.response_index = client.get(reverse('the-list-view')) def test_detail_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the detail view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.status_code, 200) def test_list_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the list view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.status_code, 200) def test_list_numer_of_items(self): self.failUnlessEqual(len(self.response_index.context['object_list']), 1) def test_detail_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].title, self.test_title) def test_list_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].title, self.test_title) def test_detail_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].content, self.test_content) def test_list_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].content, self.test_content) def test_detail_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].slug, self.test_slug) def test_list_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].slug, self.test_slug) def test_detail_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_title) self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_content) def test_list_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_index, self.test_title)

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  • Avoiding nesting two for loops

    - by chavanak
    Hi, Please have a look at the code below: import string from collections import defaultdict first_complex=open( "residue_a_chain_a_b_backup.txt", "r" ) first_complex_lines=first_complex.readlines() first_complex_lines=map( string.strip, first_complex_lines ) first_complex.close() second_complex=open( "residue_a_chain_a_c_backup.txt", "r" ) second_complex_lines=second_complex.readlines() second_complex_lines=map( string.strip, second_complex_lines ) second_complex.close() list_1=[] list_2=[] for x in first_complex_lines: if x[0]!="d": list_1.append( x ) for y in second_complex_lines: if y[0]!="d": list_2.append( y ) j=0 list_3=[] list_4=[] for a in list_1: pass for b in list_2: pass if a==b: list_3.append( a ) kvmap=defaultdict( int ) for k in list_3: kvmap[k]+=1 print kvmap Normally I use izip or izip_longest to club two for loops, but this time the length of the files are different. I don't want a None entry. If I use the above method, the run time becomes incremental and useless. How am I supposed to get the two for loops going? Cheers, Chavanak

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  • Problem with Replacing special characters in a string

    - by Hossein
    Hi, I am trying to feed some text to a special pupose parser. The problem with this parser is that it is sensitive to ()[] characters and in my sentence in the text have quite a lot of these characters. The manual for the parser suggests that all the ()[] get replaced with \( \) \[ \]. So using str.replace i am using to attach \ to all of those charcaters. I use the code below: a = 'abcdef(1234)' a.replace('(','\(') however i get this as my output: 'abcdef\\(1234)' What is wrong with my code? can anyone provide me a solution to solve this for these characters?

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  • Why is the destructor called when the CPython garbage collector is disabled?

    - by Frederik
    I'm trying to understand the internals of the CPython garbage collector, specifically when the destructor is called. So far, the behavior is intuitive, but the following case trips me up: Disable the GC. Create an object, then remove a reference to it. The object is destroyed and the __del__ method is called. I thought this would only happen if the garbage collector was enabled. Can someone explain why this happens? Is there a way to defer calling the destructor? import gc import unittest _destroyed = False class MyClass(object): def __del__(self): global _destroyed _destroyed = True class GarbageCollectionTest(unittest.TestCase): def testExplicitGarbageCollection(self): gc.disable() ref = MyClass() ref = None # The next test fails. # The object is automatically destroyed even with the collector turned off. self.assertFalse(_destroyed) gc.collect() self.assertTrue(_destroyed) if __name__=='__main__': unittest.main() Disclaimer: this code is not meant for production -- I've already noted that this is very implementation-specific and does not work on Jython.

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  • Formwizards for editing in Django

    - by Espen Christensen
    Hi, I am in the process of making a webapp, and this webapp needs to have a form wizard. The wizard consists of 3 ModelForms, and it works flawlessly. But I need the second form to be a "edit form". That is, i need it to be a form that is passed an instance. How can you do this with a form wizard? How do you pass in an instance of a model? I see that the FormWizard class has a get_form method, but isnt there a documented way to use the formwizard for editing/reviewing of data?

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  • How can I fix the scroll bug when using Windows rich edit controls in wxpython?

    - by ChrisD
    When using wx.TextCtl with the wx.TE_RICH2 option in windows, I get this strange bug with the auto-scroll when using the AppendText function. It scrolls so that all the text is above the visible area, which isn't very useful behaviour. I tried just adding a call to ScrollLines(-1) after appending the text - which does scroll it to the correct position - but this can lead to the window flashing when it auto-scrolls. So I'm looking for another way to automatically scroll to the bottom. So far, my solution is to bypass the AppendText functions auto-scroll and implement my own, like this: def append_text(textctrl, text): before_number_of_lines = textctrl.GetNumberOfLines() textctrl.SetInsertionPointEnd() textctrl.WriteText(text) after_number_of_lines = textctrl.GetNumberOfLines() textctrl.ScrollLines(before_number_of_lines - after_number_of_lines + 1) Is there a better way?

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  • Simple pygtk and threads example please.

    - by wtzolt
    Hello, Can someone give me a simple example involving threads in this manner, please. Problem with my code is that when I click button One, GUI freezes until its finished. I want buttons to stay responsive when def is being executed. How can i fix that? class fun: wTree = None def __init__( self ): self.wTree = gtk.glade.XML( "ui.glade" ) dic = { "on_buttonOne" : self.one, "on_buttonTwo" : self.two, } self.wTree.signal_autoconnect( dic ) gtk.main() def sone(self, widget): time.sleep(1) print "1" time.sleep(1) print "2" time.sleep(1) print "3" def stwo(self, widget): time.sleep(1) print "4" time.sleep(1) print "5" time.sleep(1) print "6" do=fun() Pretty please, help me.

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  • how to detect an escape sequence in a string

    - by mix
    Given a string named line whose raw version has this value: \rRAWSTRING how can I detect if it has the escape character \r? What I've tried is: if repr(line).startswith('\r'): blah... but it doesn't catch it. I also tried find, such as: if repr(line).find('\r') != -1: blah doesn't work either. What am I missing? thx! EDIT: thanks for all the replies and the corrections re terminolgy and sorry for the confusion. OK, if i do this print repr(line) then what it prints is: '\rSET ENABLE ACK\n' (including the single quotes). i have tried all the suggestions, including: line.startswith(r'\r') line.startswith('\\r') each of which returns False. also tried: line.find(r'\r') line.find('\\r') each of which returns -1

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  • Debugging IDAPython Scripts outside of IDAPro

    - by YaronK
    I'm kinda new to scripting for IDA - nevertheless, I've written a complex script I need to debug, as it is not working properly. It is composed of a few different files containing a few different classes. Writing line-by-line in the commandline is not effective for obvious reasons. Running a whole script from the File doesn't allow debugging. Is there a way of using the idc, idautils, idaapi not from within IDA? I've written the script on PyDev for Eclipse, I'm hoping for a way to run the scripts from within it. A similar question is, can the api classes I have mentioned work on idb files without IDA having them loaded? Thanks.

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  • get average from set of objects in django

    - by dotty
    Hay, i have a simple rating system for a property. You give it a mark out of 5 (stars). The models are defined like this def Property(models.Model) # stuff here def Rating(models.Model) property = models.ForeignKey(Property) stars = models.IntegerField() What i want to do is get a property, find all the Rating objects, collect them, then get the average 'stars' from them. any ideas how to do this?

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  • Process Name with inotify tool

    - by Priyanka
    Hi ALl Is there a way to find out which process is causing a particular event to occur? In the inotify-tool version 3.13, in struct_kernel , pid,uid and gid are used but it is not handled in the source code. Is there any latest patch available for the same. Please let me know.

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  • Use Google AppEngine datastore outside of AppEngine project

    - by Holtwick
    For my little framework Pyxer I would like to to be able to use the Google AppEngine datastores also outside of AppEngine projects, because I'm now used to this ORM pattern and for little quick hacks this is nice. I can not use Google AppEngine for all of my projects because of its's limitations in file size and number of files. A great alternative would also be, if there was a project that provides an ORM with the same naming as the AppEngine datastore. I also like the GQL approach very much, since this is a nice combination of ORM and SQL patterns. Any ideas where or how I might find such a solution? Thanks.

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  • Joining different models in Django

    - by Andrew Roberts
    Let's say I have this data model: class Workflow(models.Model): ... class Command(models.Model): workflow = models.ForeignKey(Workflow) ... class Job(models.Model): command = models.ForeignKey(Command) ... Suppose somewhere I want to loop through all the Workflow objects, and for each workflow I want to loop through its Commands, and for each Command I want to loop through each Job. Is there a way to structure this with a single query? That is, I'd like Workflow.objects.all() to join in its dependent models, so I get a collection that has dependent objects already cached, so workflows[0].command_set.get() doesn't produce an additional query. Is this possible?

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  • uWSGI with Cherokee: first steps

    - by Steve
    Has anyone tried using uWSGI with Cherokee? Can you share your experiences and what documents you relied upon the most? I am trying to get started from the documentation on both (uWSGI and Cherokee) websites. Nothing works yet. I am using Ubuntu 10.04.

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  • Django/jQuery - read file and pass to browser as file download prompt

    - by danspants
    I've previously asked a question regarding passing files to the browser so a user receives a download prompt. However these files were really just strings creatd at the end of a function and it was simple to pass them to an iframe's src attribute for the desired effect. Now I have a more ambitious requirement, I need to pass pre existing files of any format to the browser. I have attempted this using the following code: def return_file(request): try: bob=open(urllib.unquote(request.POST["file"]),"rb") response=HttpResponse(content=bob,mimetype="application/x-unknown") response["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=nothing.xls" return HttpResponse(response) except: return HttpResponse(sys.exc_info()) With my original setup the following jQuery was sufficient to give the desired download prompt: jQuery('#download').attr("src","/return_file/"); However this won't work anymore as I need to pass POST values to the function. my attempt to rectify that is below, but instead of a download prompt I get the file displayed as text. jQuery.get("/return_file/",{"file":"c:/filename.xls"},function(data) { jQuery(thisButton).children("iframe").attr("src",data); }); Any ideas as to where I'm going wrong? Thanks!

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  • How do I set up my own proxy server?

    - by NJTechGuy
    This website (abc.com) slowed access from our original IP address. How do I implement my own proxy server to hide my IP while browsing abc.com? Do I need special hardware/software combo to achieve this? If I can generate about 5 proxies and alternate amongst those 5 while browsing abc.com would be awesome. Please suggest. Thanks guys!

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  • Filter zipcodes by proximity in Django with the Spherical Law of Cosines

    - by spiffytech
    I'm trying to handle proximity search for a basic store locater in Django. Rather than haul PostGIS around with my app just so I can use GeoDjango's distance filter, I'd like to use the Spherical Law of Cosines distance formula in a model query. I'd like all of the calculations to be done in the database in one query, for efficiency. An example MySQL query from The Internet implementing the Spherical Law of Cosines like this: SELECT id, ( 3959 * acos( cos( radians(37) ) * cos( radians( lat ) ) * cos( radians( lng ) - radians(-122) ) + sin( radians(37) ) * sin( radians( lat ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM stores HAVING distance < 25 ORDER BY distance LIMIT 0 , 20; The query needs to reference the Zipcode ForeignKey for each store's lat/lng values. How can I make all of this work in a Django model query?

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