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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • How do I use Django to insert a Geometry Field into the database?

    - by alex
    class LocationLog(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) utm = models.GeometryField(spatial_index=True) This is my database model. I would like to insert a row. I want to insert a circle at point -55, 333. With a radius of 10. How can I put this circle into the geometry field? Of course, then I would want to check which circles overlap a given circle. (my select statement)

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  • how to pass in dynamic data to decorators

    - by steve
    Hi, I am trying to write a base crud controller class that does the following: class BaseCrudController: model = "" field_validation = {} template_dir = "" @expose(self.template_dir) def new(self, *args, **kwargs) .... @validate(self.field_validation, error_handler=new) @expose() def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ... My intent is to have my controllers extend this base class, set the model, field_validation, and template locations, and am ready to go. Unfortunately, decorators (to my understanding), are interpreted when the function is defined. Hence it won't have access to instance's value. Is there a way to pass in dynamic data or values from the sub class? If not, I guess I could use override_template as a workaround to expose and set the template within the controller action. How would I go about validating the form within the controller action? Thanks, Steve

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  • Why is win32com so much slower than xlrd?

    - by Josh
    I have the same code, written using win32com and xlrd. xlrd preforms the algorithm in less than a second, while win32com takes minutes. Here is the win32com: def makeDict(ws): """makes dict with key as header name, value as tuple of column begin and column end (inclusive)""" wsHeaders = {} # key is header name, value is column begin and end inclusive for cnum in xrange(9, find_last_col(ws)): if ws.Cells(7, cnum).Value: wsHeaders[str(ws.Cells(7, cnum).Value)] = (cnum, find_last_col(ws)) for cend in xrange(cnum + 1, find_last_col(ws)): #finds end column if ws.Cells(7, cend).Value: wsHeaders[str(ws.Cells(7, cnum).Value)] = (cnum, cend - 1) break return wsHeaders And the xlrd def makeDict(ws): """makes dict with key as header name, value as tuple of column begin and column end (inclusive)""" wsHeaders = {} # key is header name, value is column begin and end inclusive for cnum in xrange(8, ws.ncols): if ws.cell_value(6, cnum): wsHeaders[str(ws.cell_value(6, cnum))] = (cnum, ws.ncols) for cend in xrange(cnum + 1, ws.ncols):#finds end column if ws.cell_value(6, cend): wsHeaders[str(ws.cell_value(6, cnum))] = (cnum, cend - 1) break return wsHeaders

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  • The dictionary need to add every word in SpellingMistakes and the line number but it only adds the l

    - by Will Boomsight
    modules import sys import string Importing and reading the files form the Command Prompt Document = open(sys.argv[1],"r") Document = open('Wc.txt', 'r') Document = Document.read().lower() Dictionary = open(sys.argv[2],"r") Dictionary = open('Dict.txt', 'r') Dictionary = Dictionary.read() def Format(Infile): for ch in string.punctuation: Infile = Infile.replace(ch, "") for no in string.digits: Infile = Infile.replace(no, " ") Infile = Infile.lower() return(Infile) def Corrections(Infile, DictWords): Misspelled = set([]) Infile = Infile.split() DictWords = DictWords.splitlines() for word in Infile: if word not in DictWords: Misspelled.add(word) Misspelled = sorted(Misspelled) return (Misspelled) def Linecheck(Infile,ErrorWords): Infile = Infile.split() lineno = 0 Noset = list() for line in Infile: lineno += 1 line = line.split() for word in line: if word == ErrorWords: Noset.append(lineno) sorted(Noset) return(Noset) def addkey(error,linenum): Nodict = {} for line in linenum: Nodict.setdefault(error,[]).append(linenum) return Nodict FormatDoc = Format(Document) SpellingMistakes = Corrections(FormatDoc,Dictionary) alp = str(SpellingMistakes) for word in SpellingMistakes: nSet = str(Linecheck(FormatDoc,word)) nSet = nSet.split() linelist = addkey(word, nSet) print(linelist) # # for word in Nodict.keys(): # Nodict[word].append(line) Prints each incorrect word on a new line

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  • Condition checking vs. Exception handling

    - by Aidas Bendoraitis
    When is exception handling more preferable than condition checking? There are many situations where I can choose using one or the other. For example, this is a summing function which uses a custom exception: # module mylibrary class WrongSummand(Exception): pass def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands of the same type """ if type(a) != type(b): raise WrongSummand("given arguments are not of the same type") return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_, WrongSummand try: print sum_("A", 5) except WrongSummand: print "wrong arguments" And this is the same function, which avoids using exceptions # module mylibrary def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands if they are both of the same type """ if type(a) == type(b): return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_ c = sum_("A", 5) if c is not None: print c else: print "wrong arguments" I think that using conditions is always more readable and manageable. Or am I wrong? What are the proper cases for defining APIs which raise exceptions and why?

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  • Search a variable for an address

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I am trying to match information stored in a variable. I have a list of uuid's and ip addresses beside them. The code I have is: r = re.compile(r'urn:uuid:5EEF382F-JSQ9-3c45-D5E0-K15X8M8K76') m = r.match(str(serv)) if m1: print'Found' The string serv contains is: urn:uuid:7FDS890A-KD9E-3h53-G7E8-BHJSD6789D:[u'http://10.10.10.20:12365/7FDS890A-KD9E-3h53-G7E8-BHJSD6789D/'] --------------------------------------------- urn:uuid:5EEF382F-JSQ9-3c45-D5E0-K15X8M8K76:[u'http://10.10.10.10:42365'] --------------------------------------------- urn:uuid:8DSGF89S-FS90-5c87-K3DF-SDFU890US9:[u'http://10.10.10.40:5234'] --------------------------------------------- So basically I am wanting to find the uuid string and find out what it's address is and store it as a variable. So far I have just tried to get it to match the string to no avail. Can anyone point out a solution to this. Thanks

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  • How to retrieve view of MultiIndex DataFrame

    - by Henry S. Harrison
    This question was inspired by this question. I had the same problem, updating a MultiIndex DataFrame by selection. The drop_level=False solution in Pandas 0.13 will allow me to achieve the same result, but I am still wondering why I cannot get a view from the MultiIndex DataFrame. In other words, why does this not work?: >>> sat = d.xs('sat', level='day', copy=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 2248, in xs raise ValueError('Cannot retrieve view (copy=False)') ValueError: Cannot retrieve view (copy=False) Of course it could be only because it is not implemented, but is there a reason? Is it somehow ambiguous or impossible to implement? Returning a view is more intuitive to me than returning a copy then later updating the original. I looked through the source and it seems this situation is checked explicitly to raise an error. Alternatively, is it possible to get the same sort of view from any of the other indexing methods? I've experimented but have not been successful. [edit] Some potential implementations are discussed here. I guess with the last question above I'm wondering what the current best solution is to index into arbitrary multiindex slices and cross-sections.

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  • Removing a node from a linked list

    - by lost_with_coding
    I would like to create a delete_node function that deletes the node at the location in the list as a count from the first node. So far this is the code I have: class node: def __init__(self): self.data = None # contains the data self.next = None # contains the reference to the next node class linked_list: def __init__(self): self.cur_node = None def add_node(self, data): new_node = node() # create a new node new_node.data = data new_node.next = self.cur_node # link the new node to the 'previous' node. self.cur_node = new_node # set the current node to the new one. def list_print(self): node = ll.cur_node while node: print node.data node = node.next def delete_node(self,location): node = ll.cur_node count = 0 while count != location: node = node.next count+=1 delete node ll = linked_list() ll.add_node(1) ll.add_node(2) ll.add_node(3) ll.list_print()

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  • Finding matching submatrics inside a matrix

    - by DaveO
    I have a 100x200 2D array expressed as a numpy array consisting of black (0) and white (255) cells. It is a bitmap file. I then have 2D shapes (it's easiest to think of them as letters) that are also 2D black and white cells. I know I can naively iterate through the matrix but this is going to be a 'hot' portion of my code so speed is an concern. Is there a fast way to perform this in numpy/scipy? I looked briefly at Scipy's correlate function. I am not interested in 'fuzzy matches', only exact matches. I also looked at some academic papers but they are above my head.

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  • verbose_name for a model's method

    - by mawimawi
    How can I set a verbose_name for a model's method, so that it might be displayed in the admin's change_view form? example: class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=64) created_date = models.DateTimeField(....) def created_weekday(self): return self.created_date.strftime("%A") in admin.py: class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('created_weekday',) fields = ('title', 'created_weekday') Now the label for created_weekday is "Created Weekday", but I'd like it to have a different label which should be i18nable using ugettext_lazy as well. I've tried created_weekday.verbose_name=... after the method, but that did not show any result. Is there a decorator or something I can use, so I could make my own "verbose_name" / "label" / whateverthename is?

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  • Why wont numpy matrix let me print its rows?

    - by uberjumper
    Okay this is probably a really dumb question, however its really starting to hurt. I have a numpy matrix, and basically i print it out row by row. However i want to make each row be formatted and separated properly. >>> arr = numpy.matrix([[x for x in range(5)] for y in range(5)]) >>> arr matrix([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]) Lets say i want to print the first row, and add a '|' between each element: >>> '|'.join(map(str, arr[0,])) '[[0 1 2 3 4]]' Err... >>> '|'.join(map(lambda x: str(x[0]), arr[0])) '[[0 1 2 3 4]]' I am really confused by this behavior why does it do this?

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  • Dajano admin site foreign key fields

    - by user292652
    hi i have the following models setup class Player(models.Model): #slug = models.slugField(max_length=200) Player_Name = models.CharField(max_length=100) Nick = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True) Jersy_Number = models.IntegerField() Team_id = models.ForeignKey('Team') Postion_Choices = ( ('M', 'Manager'), ('P', 'Player'), ) Poistion = models.CharField(max_length=1, blank=True, choices =Postion_Choices) Red_card = models.IntegerField( blank=True, null=True) Yellow_card = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) Points = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) #Pic = models.ImageField(upload_to=path/for/upload, height_field=height, width_field=width, max_length=100) class PlayerAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('Player_Name',) search_fields = ['Player_Name',] admin.site.register(Player, PlayerAdmin) class Team(models.Model): """Model docstring""" #slug = models.slugField(max_length=200) Team_Name = models.CharField(max_length=100,) College = models.CharField(max_length=100,) Win = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) Loss = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) Draw = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) #logo = models.ImageField(upload_to=path/for/upload, height_field=height, width_field=width, max_length=100) class Meta: pass #def __unicode__(self): # return Team_Name #def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False): # pass @models.permalink def get_absolute_url(self): return ('view_or_url_name') class TeamAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('Team_Name',) search_fields = ['Team_Name',] admin.site.register(Team, TeamAdmin) my question is how do i get to the admin site to show Team_name in the add player form Team_ID field currently it is only showing up as Team object in the combo box

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  • How to set up Atana Studio 3 Themes in Pydev

    - by willy1234x1
    I've installed the Aptana Studio 3 preview and noticed it has support for themes (such as a bespin style or Ruby envy) and I'd love to use the Bespin one in Pydev but so far I've had no luck getting it to work, anyone have a clue as to how to get it to work? Video showing the themes in action.

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  • What could cause Django to start failing its own tests after an OS and Django reinstall?

    - by Macha
    I had to reinstall my OS, and so, I reinstalled django 1.1. Since reinstalling, when I run tests in my app, I get several failures from django.contrib.auth. Logs: http://dpaste.com/178153/ I asked on #django, and no one is too sure what the cause of the errors are. Some of my own code fails its tests, because it's not fully written yet, but that shouldn't cause django to fail it's core tests... I have included django.contrib.admin, which was mentioned as a possible cause.

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  • Dynamically setting the queryset of a ModelMultipleChoiceField to a custom recordset

    - by Daniel Quinn
    I've seen all the howtos about how you can set a ModelMultipleChoiceField to use a custom queryset and I've tried them and they work. However, they all use the same paradigm: the queryset is just a filtered list of the same objects. In my case, I'm trying to get the admin to draw a multiselect form that instead of using usernames as the text portion of the , I'd like to use the name field from my account class. Here's a breakdown of what I've got: # models.py class Account(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128,help_text="A display name that people understand") user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) # Tied to the User class in settings.py class Organisation(models.Model): administrators = models.ManyToManyField(User) # admin.py from django.forms import ModelMultipleChoiceField from django.contrib.auth.models import User class OrganisationAdminForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): from ethico.accounts.models import Account self.base_fields["administrators"] = ModelMultipleChoiceField( queryset=User.objects.all(), required=False ) super(OrganisationAdminForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class Meta: model = Organisation This works, however, I want queryset above to draw a selectbox with the Account.name property and the User.id property. This didn't work: queryset=Account.objects.all().order_by("name").values_list("user","name") It failed with this error: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pk' I figured that this would be easy, but it's turned into hours of dead-ends. Anyone care to shed some light?

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  • initialize a numpy array

    - by Curious2learn
    Is there way to initialize a numpy array of a shape and add to it? I will explain what I need with a list example. If I want to create a list of objects generated in a loop, I can do: a = [] for i in range(5): a.append(i) I want to do something similar with a numpy array. I know about vstack, concatenate etc. However, it seems these require two numpy arrays as inputs. What I need is: big_array # Initially empty. This is where I don't know what to specify for i in range(5): array i of shape = (2,4) created. add to big_array The big_array should have a shape (10,4). How to do this? Thanks for your help.

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  • How to reset Scrapy parameters? (always running under same parameters)

    - by Jean Ventura
    I've been running my Scrapy project with a couple of accounts (the project scrapes a especific site that requieres login credentials), but no matter the parameters I set, it always runs with the same ones (same credentials). I'm running under virtualenv. Is there a variable or setting I'm missing? Edit: It seems that this problem is Twisted related. Even when I run: scrapy crawl -a user='user' -a password='pass' -o items.json -t json SpiderName I still get an error saying: ERROR: twisted.internet.error.ReactorNotRestartable And all the information I get, is the last 'succesful' run of the spider.

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  • How to call the __del__ method?

    - by Verrtex
    I am reading a code. There is a class in which __del__ method is defined. I figured out that this method is used to destroy an instance of the class. However, I cannot find a place where this method is used. The main reason for that is that I do not know how this method is used, probably not like that: obj1.del(). So, my questions is how to call the __del__ method? Thank you for any help.

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  • Django: Geocoding an address on form submission?

    - by User
    Trying to wrap my head around django forms and the django way of doing things. I want to create a basic web form that allows a user to input an address and have that address geocoded and saved to a database. I created a Location model: class Location(models.Model): address = models.CharField(max_length=200) city = models.CharField(max_length=100) state = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True) postal_code = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True) country = models.CharField(max_length=100) latitude = models.DecimalField(max_digits=18, decimal_places=10, null=True) longitude = models.DecimalField(max_digits=18, decimal_places=10, null=True) And defined a form: class LocationForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.Location exclude = ('latitude','longitude') In my view I'm using form.save() to save the form. This works and saves an address to the database. I created a module to geocode an address. I'm not sure what the django way of doing things is, but I guess in my view, before I save the form, I need to geocode the address and set the lat and long. How do I set the latitude and longitude before saving?

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  • Raising events and object persistence in Django

    - by Mridang Agarwalla
    Hi, I have a tricky Django problem which didn't occur to me when I was developing it. My Django application allows a user to sign up and store his login credentials for a sites. The Django application basically allows the user to search this other site (by scraping content off it) and returns the result to the user. For each query, it does a couple of queries of the other site. This seemed to work fine but sometimes, the other site slaps me with a CAPTCHA. I've written the code to get the CAPTCHA image and I need to return this to the user so he can type it in but I don't know how. My search request (the query, the username and the password) in my Django application gets passed to a view which in turn calls the backend that does the scraping/search. When a CAPTCHA is detected, I'd like to raise a client side event or something on those lines and display the CAPTCHA to the user and wait for the user's input so that I can resume my search. I would somehow need to persist my backend object between calls. I've tried pickling it but it doesn't work because I get the Can't pickle 'lock' object error. I don't know to implement this though. Any help/ideas? Thanks a ton.

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  • Django/jQuery - read file and pass to browser as file download prompt

    - by danspants
    I've previously asked a question regarding passing files to the browser so a user receives a download prompt. However these files were really just strings creatd at the end of a function and it was simple to pass them to an iframe's src attribute for the desired effect. Now I have a more ambitious requirement, I need to pass pre existing files of any format to the browser. I have attempted this using the following code: def return_file(request): try: bob=open(urllib.unquote(request.POST["file"]),"rb") response=HttpResponse(content=bob,mimetype="application/x-unknown") response["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=nothing.xls" return HttpResponse(response) except: return HttpResponse(sys.exc_info()) With my original setup the following jQuery was sufficient to give the desired download prompt: jQuery('#download').attr("src","/return_file/"); However this won't work anymore as I need to pass POST values to the function. my attempt to rectify that is below, but instead of a download prompt I get the file displayed as text. jQuery.get("/return_file/",{"file":"c:/filename.xls"},function(data) { jQuery(thisButton).children("iframe").attr("src",data); }); Any ideas as to where I'm going wrong? Thanks!

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  • asyncore callbacks launching threads... ok to do?

    - by sbartell
    I'm unfamiliar with asyncore, and have very limited knowledge of asynchronous programming except for a few intro to twisted tutorials. I am most familiar with threads and use them in all my apps. One particular app uses a couchdb database as its interface. This involves longpolling the db looking for changes and updates. The module I use for couchdb is couchdbkit. It uses an asyncore loop to watch for these changes and send them to a callback. So, I figure from this callback is where I launch my worker threads. It seems a bit crude to mix asynchronous and threaded programming. I really like couchdbkit, but would rather not introduce issues into my program. So, my question is, is it safe to fire threads from an async callback? Here's some code... {{{ def dispatch(change): global jobs, db_url # jobs is my queue db = Database(db_url) work_order = db.get(change['id']) # change is an id to the document that changed. # i need to get the actual document (workorder) worker = Worker(work_order, db) # fire the thread jobs.append[worker] worker.start() return main() . . . consumer.wait(cb=dispatch, since=update_seq, timeout=10000) #wait constains the asyncloop. }}}

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