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• Why one loop is performing better than other memory wise as well as performance wise?

  - by Mohit

  I have following two loops in C#, and I am running these loops for a collection with 10,000 records being downloaded with paging using "yield return" First foreach(var k in collection) { repo.Save(k); } Second var collectionEnum = collection.GetEnumerator(); while (collectionEnum.MoveNext()) { var k = collectionEnum.Current; repo.Save(k); k = null; } Seems like that the second loop consumes less memory and it faster than the first loop. Memory I understand may be because of k being set to null(Even though I am not sure). But how come it is faster than for each. Following is the actual code [Test] public void BechmarkForEach_Test() { bool isFirstTimeSync = true; Func<Contact, bool> afterProcessing = contactItem => { return true; }; var contactService = CreateSerivce("/administrator/components/com_civicrm"); var contactRepo = new ContactRepository(new Mock<ILogger>().Object); contactRepo.Drop(); contactRepo = new ContactRepository(new Mock<ILogger>().Object); Profile("For Each Profiling",1,()=>{ var localenumertaor=contactService.Download(); foreach (var item in localenumertaor) { if (isFirstTimeSync) item.StateFlag = 1; item.ClientTimeStamp = DateTime.UtcNow; if (item.StateFlag == 1) contactRepo.Insert(item); else contactRepo.Update(item); afterProcessing(item); } contactRepo.DeleteAll(); }); } [Test] public void BechmarkWhile_Test() { bool isFirstTimeSync = true; Func<Contact, bool> afterProcessing = contactItem => { return true; }; var contactService = CreateSerivce("/administrator/components/com_civicrm"); var contactRepo = new ContactRepository(new Mock<ILogger>().Object); contactRepo.Drop(); contactRepo = new ContactRepository(new Mock<ILogger>().Object); var itemsCollection = contactService.Download().GetEnumerator(); Profile("While Profiling", 1, () => { while (itemsCollection.MoveNext()) { var item = itemsCollection.Current; //if First time sync then ignore and overwrite the stateflag if (isFirstTimeSync) item.StateFlag = 1; item.ClientTimeStamp = DateTime.UtcNow; if (item.StateFlag == 1) contactRepo.Insert(item); else contactRepo.Update(item); afterProcessing(item); item = null; } contactRepo.DeleteAll(); }); } static void Profile(string description, int iterations, Action func) { // clean up GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); GC.Collect(); // warm up func(); var watch = Stopwatch.StartNew(); for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { func(); } watch.Stop(); Console.Write(description); Console.WriteLine(" Time Elapsed {0} ms", watch.ElapsedMilliseconds); } I m using the micro bench marking, from a stackoverflow question itself benchmarking-small-code The time taken is For Each Profiling Time Elapsed 5249 ms While Profiling Time Elapsed 116 ms

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• Should I use WPF or Windows Forms Application for my project in C#?

  - by RAJ K

  I am developing a Client-Server based application in which client application will access server database to store billing information. It will also have report generation facility. Windows Forms is good in document printing & I don't see such facility or controls in WPF. If I am wrong then please correct me. I want database security, which DB should I use, SQL Server, MySQL or Oracle. I would like to use free DB but security is my priority. Please suggest how I can implement a Client-Server architecture with multiple clients in C#? Thank you Geeks!!!

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• SharePoint SLK and T-SQL xp_cmdshell safety

  - by Mitchell Skurnik

  I am looking into a TSQL command called "xp_cmdshell" to use to monitor a change to a the SLK (SharePoint Learning Kit) database and then execute a batch or PowerShell script that will trigger some events that I need. (It is bad practice to modify SharePoint's database directly, so I will be using its API) I have been reading on various blogs and MSDN that there are some security concerns with this approach. The sites suggest that you limit security so the command can be executed by only a specific user role. What other tips/suggestions would you recommend with using "xp_cmdshell"? Or should I go about this another way and create a script or console application that constantly checks if a change has been made? I am running Server 2008 with SQL 2008.

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• How to deploy and secure an ASP.NET web app to be available to internal and outside users?

  - by Swoop

  My company has several web applications written in ASP.NET. We need to make these applications available to Intranet users as well as authenticated external users. Most of the features are the same for the two groups, though there are some extra features available to the Internal users. The two different sets of users would use a slightly different security setup... our internal people will be authenticated using LDAP against Exchange, whereas the external users will have accounts in SQL Server. What is the best approach for deploying our web apps? Should we deploy 2 copies to different servers, one configured for an Intranet and one for outside users? Or is there a better way to share the code between the 2 servers, yet have the flexibility to use different web.config settings for security??

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• Do you leave Windows Automatic Updates enabled on your production IIS server?

  - by Nobody

  If you were running a 24/7 website on Windows Server 2003 (IIS6). Would you leave the Windows automatic update feature enabled or would you turn it off? When enabled, you always get the latest security patches and bug fixes automatically as soon as they're available, which is the most secure choice. However, the machine will sometimes get automatically rebooted to apply the updates leading to a couple of minutes of downtime in the middle of the night. Also, I've seen rare occasions where the machine does not restart correctly resulting in further downtime. If auto updates are off, when do you apply the patches? I guess you have to use a load balancer with multiple web servers and rotate them out of the production site, apply patches manually, and put them back in. This can be logistically inconvenient when the load balancer is managed by a hosting company. You will also have machines in production that don't always have the latest security patches and you have to routinely spend time deciding which patches to apply and when.

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• Loading external Swf - sandbox violation

  - by Yamen Al-Haj

  Hello Mates , I need a help ... an urgent one !!! i tried so hard to figured it out .. but i couldn't .. so I appreciate your help so much .. I'm developing an Air App using flash ... the app loads an external SWF file dynamically through an xml ... the SWF file has a movieclip that has a listener (ON click ) function mouseDownHandler(event:MouseEvent):void { navigateToURL(new URLRequest(clickURL)); } everything is working fine until i click on this movieclip ... it displays the below message SecurityError: Error #2121: Security sandbox violation: navigateToURL: http://www.mydomain.com/maskot/avatar.swf cannot access YAHOO.COM for example. This may be worked around by calling Security.allowDomain. any help !!! because i really have a deadline ! Thank you so much !

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• Is there a major downside to using .htaccess files in your svn/git repository?

  - by Rob

  If our .htaccess files are purely for mod rewrites, is there a security / development downside to committing .htaccess files alongside other files in your repository? For various reasons (our SEO optimisers like to add pretty urls as new promotions occur, etc) we need a fair few rewrite rules inside these files. Would I be better off pushing the routing into php-land and dealing with it there? Or is reading from a .htaccess via apache fine? The .htaccess files are not exposed via the web server, so that's not a security risk.

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• converting from int to hex

  - by Catherine

  I want to convert some ints to hex,but i'm getting something like this : "?|???plL4?h??N{" from 12345. Why? int t = 12345; System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider ano = new System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] d_ano = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(t.ToString()); byte[] d_d_ano = ano.ComputeHash(d_ano); string st_data1 = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(d_d_ano); string st_data = st_data1.ToString(); I'm using it in window form,not in console.

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• Query about the service or technology behind gmail service

  - by user1726908

  I am a final year computer science student. I am studying in hyderabad, andhra pradesh, india. I have come to know that the gmail is a cloud service. I am very much interested in learning more about cloud computing. This technology has been puzzling,tickling,increasing my curiosity and i just want to learn as much as i can about it. And through experience, i have learnt that practically doing can improve our knowledge and thirst to learn more. Thus, I would like to know "what are the security measures which you have taken to keep the cloud service like gmail secure and authentic? What is the architecture of the service? What are the technologies used in building it? What are the different levels of security applied in general for building a private cloud?"

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• Content Types in browsers, can we use the Mime??

  - by SoLoGHoST

  Ok, I am wondering which mime types are dangerous in browsers? That is to say setting the Content Type to that mime type?? Which mime types, if any would pose a security risk?? I am noticing that many forum software, when uploading files, use the application/octet-stream for any files other than images and place that into the Content Type of the header. I am wondering why don't they place the actual mime-type instead into the Content Type? Are there security risks involved with this? So far I have used text/css, text/plain, audio/mpeg, and many others and haven't noticed any difference between application/octet-stream and these others. Does anyone out there know the exact difference, and what makes application/octet-stream any better, or any worse...to use for the Content Type?? Thank You :)

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• How to compile and run H2 TriggerSample

  - by user1877838

  I copied TriggerSample.java to this directory. Then: javac -cp h2-1.3.168.jar TriggerSample.java creates TriggerSample$MyTrigger.class ... and ... TriggerSample.class Then: java TriggerSample says: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: TriggerSample (wrong name: org/h2/samples/TriggerSample) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:631) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:615) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:141) at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:283) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:58) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:197) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247) also no go with: java org.h2.samples.TriggerSample java org/h2/samples/TriggerSample How exactly to run that example from the command line?

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• Where Should Using Statements Be Located [closed]

  - by Bobby Ortiz - DotNetBob

  Possible Duplicate: What is the difference between these two declarations? I recently started working on a project with using statement located inside the NameSpace block. namespace MyApp.Web { using System; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web; public class MyClass { I usually put my using statements above the namespace block. using System; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web; namespace MyApp.Web { public class MyClass { I don't think it matters, but I am currious if someone else had a recommendation and could they explain why one way is better than another. Note: I always have one class per file.

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• Do AOP violate layered architecture for enterprise apps?

  - by redzedi

  The question(as stated in the title) comes to me as recently i was looking at Spring MVC 3.1 with annotation support and also considering DDD for an upcoming project. In the new Spring any POJO with its business methods can be annotated to act as controller, all the concerns that i would have addressed within a Controller class can be expressed exclusively through the annotations. So, technically i can take any class and wire it to act as controller , the java code is free from any controller specific code, hence the java code could deal with things like checking security , starting txn etc. So will such a class belong to Presentation or Application layer ?? Taking that argument even further , we can pull out things like security, txn mgmt and express them through annotations , thus the java code is now that of the domain object. Will that mean we have fused together the 2 layers? Please clarify

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• Python built-in id() not consistent:

  - by Dannellyz

  Hoping someone can explain the following discrepancy: >>> s1 = "Cyber security" >>> s2 = "Cyber security" >>> id(s1) == id(s1) True >>> id(s1) == id(s2) False >>> s1 = "cyber" >>> s2 = "cyber" >>> id(s1) == id(s2) True >>> s2 = "cyber " >>> s2 = "cyber " >>> id(s1) == id(s2) False Why does the space make the id() False, yet different variables with no spaces are True?

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• @OrderBy: Sorting references

  - by Sven Moschel

  We have the following entity structure: @Entity public class SecurityRole { private List<Account> accounts; // ManyToMany } @Entity public class Account { private Employee owner; // OneToOne } @Entity public class Employee { private String lastName; } A security role can have many accounts. A account always has an employee. On the GUI we show the security roles in an mastertable. In the detail table we show the accounts of the role. To display the employee information we show "account.getOwner().getLastName()"; How can we use the @OrderBy annotation with this model? Is this possible? The problem is that the Account entity has no employee information that we can sort.

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• How to get the size of a RSA key in Java

  - by Tom Brito

  Given an java.security.interfaces.RSAKey, how do I get it's size?

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• Forms Authentication Across Applications Stopped Working

  - by colleski

  Hi, I have a .net 1.1 ASP application (domain.com) which has a .net 2 virtual directory (domain.com/v2) beneath it, both applications run within their own app pool on the same machine running IIS 6. The web.config files for both apps are setup for Forms Authentication as described here - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/eb0zx8fc(v=VS.80).aspx. Users would be directed to the domain.com/v2/login.aspx page which would authenticate for both applications, this configuration has been working fine for the last few years until installing one of the recent Windows 2003 security updates today. Now after authenticating under /v2 users keep getting redirected back to domain.com/v2/Login.aspx as domain.com doesnt see them as authenticated anymore. Any ideas as to which security update would have caused this and if its possible to rollback? I've looked at a few suggestions on this (e.g. Cross app on subdomain form authentication not working) and other sites but no luck so far Any help would be appreciated. Thanks

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• how does selenium webdriver upload files to the browser?

  - by justspamjustin

  I am a javascript/java developer and I have been trying to figure out how the selenium webdriver automation framework uploads files from the file system. It is impossible to set a file input via javascript because it is a security violation. Yet somehow webdriver is able to do this with the following command: driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector()); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id("myfile")); upload.sendKeys("/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg"); driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click(); So they are setting the value by sending keys to it? I don't get it. I have looked through the source code found here: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/source/checkout I am still not able to find where they do this. Edit: My question is not how to do this with selenium, but how did the selenium developers make this possible? How did they get around the security restrictions in javascript? How are they uploading the file?

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• Does ini_set('session.save_path', 'custom path'); effect the session garbage cleaner?

  - by newbtophp

  Hi! Does ini_set('session.save_path', 'custom path'); effect the session garbage cleaner? As I'm setting a custom directory for the sessions, because I've read from various php security guides, that setting a custom directory on shared hosting for sessions; can improve session security. But the problem is I've read somewhere that PHP does/handles the session garbage cleaning only when the session_save_path is the default and not modified (ie. using a custom directory)? - is this true, if so is their a solution for this?. (take into consideration I'm using shared hosting). Appreciate all help!

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• How to configure IIS7 to Redirect member of An active Directory group to static page

  - by user1759075

  On IIS, we have disabled Anonymous authentication and enabled Windows Authentication What we need is to only allow users who are members of an Active Directory security group to access the Access Point at all. All other users should be directed to a static web page that will give them instructions on how to request access. By adding the security group to the website permissions, and removing the \Users group, we have almost achieved this. Users in the group are allowed through, those not in the group are asked for a (Windows) username and password. Instead of requesting the username and password, we want IIS to redirect them to the static page. Please advise me on how can this be done.

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• Cookies - PHP vs Javascript

  - by mkamthan

  With regards to security and convenience which cookies are better the PHP ones or the Javascript ones?

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• Advanced Registry Monitoring

  - by RyanTimmons91

  I'm attempting to create a small utility to watch for the creation (or modification) of a specific registry key, and to kill the process responsible for causing that registry modification. I have had success in watching the changes to the registry via a class called 'RegistryMonitor', however it does not give you any information on what process initiated the registry call, through some googling I found that a library called 'EasyHook' should be able to do what I want, but all the documentation states that its designed for a per-application hook. The program itself is a temporary security patch, until our vendors come out with an official security update. As best I can tell there isn't a way to do exactly what I want to accomplish from C#, which is the only language I can comfortable write, test and execute software in. Any help on this would be appreciated I'm considering watching the registry changes via the program I already have, then if the change is discovered (the pc is already infected) running RKill and locking down the PC to prevent the issue from getting any worse

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• Error 1045 MySQL during setup

  - by user1364513

  Could anyone explaine me the error 1045 during MySQL setup I ll be preciated. I'm getting this error after reinstalling. I 'm going to install on windows 7. On the last stage of installation i.e apply security settings I'm getting the following message:"The security settings could not be applied. Error Number 1045. Access denied for user 'root' @ 'loaclhost'(usinf password: NO)". I know another way how to fix it that is reinstalling of operating system, but I can't do it please help how can I solve it?. I'll be preciated. Thanks!

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, March 26, 2010

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, March 26, 2010New Projects.NET settings class generator T4 templates: A couple of T4 templates to generate a Settings class for your .NET project. Allows you to define your application settings in an XML file and have...AlphaPagedList: AlphaPagedList makes it easier for .Net developers to write paging code. Based on PagedList it allows you to take any List<T> and split it based on...C# Projects: C# ProjectsChitme: Aenean feugiat pharetra enim rhoncus viverra. In at nunc nec sem varius bibendum. Aliquam erat volutpat. Nullam fringilla facilisis massa et eleife...CloudCache - Distributed Cache Tier with Azure: Cloudcache makes it easier for you to manage and deploy a distributed caching tier to Windows Azure. Included is a web-dashboard in MVC 2.0, Memcac...Composer: Composer is an extensible Compositional Architecture framework, providing a set of functionality such as Inversion of Control container (IoC), Depe...Data Connection Suite: Data Connection Suite is a set of easy to use data connection string builder dialogs & controls ready to be integrated in any .NET application.DatabaseHandler: Database HandlerEPiServer Blog Page Provider: A example page provider implementation for EPiServer that supports external blog sources for pages, Blogger and WordPress supported out of the box ...Extended MessageBox: ExtendedMessageBox makes it easier to display messages from your Windows applications. Based on the built-in .NET MessageBox class functionality, i...FluentPath: FluentPath implements a modern wrapper around System.IO, using modern patterns such as fluent APIs and Lambdas. By using FluentPath instead of Syst...Halcyone : Silverlight without pain: Halcyone is application framework for Silverlight that should make live of developers easier =)IlluminaRT: Real-time renderingme2: Mista Engine 2MessegeBox RightToLeft Lib: This is really simple lib project for use RTL in MessegeBox class. This just for short code and default option for RTL.MS Word Automation Service: A MS Word Automation service that comsumes a Word template and combines with XML to produce a word document. Currently in production. Must add some...SharePoint - Site Request InfoPath Form Template: This template allow portal user to enter initial information for requesting of creating a new SharePoint site. TextFlow - Text Editor: TextFlow is a fast and light text editor that simplifies day-to-day tasks. You can create letters and documents through TextFlow. It also includes ...TiledLib: A library for using Tiled (http://mapeditor.org) levels in XNA Game Studio projects. Includes a content pipeline extension and runtime library.wcf learning 2010: myWCFprojectsNew Releases.NET settings class generator T4 templates: Example 1: An example project containing the T4 templates and associated files. SingleSite - generate settings for a single site MultiSite - generate setting...AccessibilityChecker: Accessibility Checker V0.1: SharePoint Accessibility Checker V0.1AlphaPagedList: AlphaPagedList v0.9: Initial release of AlphaPagedListASP.Net RIA Controls: Version 1.1 Beta: New XHTML compliant version with alternative content support if no plugin installed.Business & System Analysis Templates and Best Practices: R 00: You may find out here the structured on my own materials from from Luxoft ReqLabs 2009 + short presentation about System Analysis and Modelling. Th...CloudCache - Distributed Cache Tier with Azure: v1.0.0.0: First release! More information at http://blog.shutupandcode.net/?p=935CycleMania Starter Kit EAP - ASP.NET 4 Problem - Design - Solution: Cyclemania 0.08.39: implemented client side functions on remainder of account pagesDevTreks -social budgeting that improves lives and livelihoods: Social Budgeting Web Software, DevTreks alpha 3d: Alpha 3d is a general bug fix -tweaking pagination, navigation, packaging, file system storage, page validation, security, locals, and linked views.Digital Media Processing Project 1: Image Processor: Image Processor 1.01: Supports opening files through Windows Explorer or by drag and drop.Extended MessageBox: ExtendedMessageBox Runtime Version 1.2: Initial releaseExtended MessageBox: SourceCode for Version 1.2: Initial SourceCodeFluent Ribbon Control Suite: Fluent Ribbon Control Suite 1.0: Fluent Ribbon Control Suite 1.0 Includes: Fluent.dll (with .pdb and .xml, debug and release version) Showcase Application Samples Foundation (T...FluentPath: FluentPath Beta: The Beta release of FluentPath.HaterAide ORM: HaterAide ORM 1.5: This version is a, more or less, rewrite of the code base. Also many new features have been added in this release: 1) Foreign keys are now added to...iTuner - The iTunes Companion: iTuner 1.2.3735 Beta: V1.2 allows you to synchronize one or more iTunes playlists to a USB MP3 player. This continues the evolution yet maintains the minimalistic appro...LogWin-Logging Your Computer Activities: LogWin-Logging your computer activities: This program is logging your computer activities and display them as table and pie chart. It is made by native C , HTML Dialog and Google Chart API.MessegeBox RightToLeft Lib: MessegeBoxRTL-1.0.0.0_BIN: My First upload.. This is binary release only. Have fun.MessegeBox RightToLeft Lib: MessegeBoxRTL-1.0.0.0_SRC: My first upload.. This is source code with binary. Have fun.MS Word Automation Service: Alpha: In production already, but who cares. It works.MultiMenu ASP.NET Cascading Menu WebControl: MultiMenu 2.6 ASP.NET Menu: Fixed problems that prevented the menu from working with the XHTML DocTypes Added support for IE 7-8 Added XmlLoading and XmlLoaded events Ad...netgod: LanyoWebBrowser: Lanyo ERP ClientnopCommerce. Open Source online shop e-commerce solution.: nopCommerce 1.50: To see the full list of fixes and changes please visit the release notes page (http://www.nopCommerce.com/ReleaseNotes.aspx).Open NFe: Open NFe v1.9.7: Fontes do DANFe 1.9.7 Trim na conversão TXT para XMLpatterns & practices - Smart Client Guidance: Smart Client Software Factory 2010 Beta Source: The Smart Client Software Factory 2010 provides an integrated set of guidance that assists architects and developers in creating composite smart cl...Physics Helper for Silverlight, WPF, Blend, and Farseer: PhysicsHelper 3.0.0.5 Alpha: This release supports Windows Phone 7 Series Development, along with the Silverlight 3 and WPF support. It requires Visual Studio 2010, plus the Wi...Protein Insight: ProteinInsight V2.0.1: Protein Insight is protein structure visualization system. Visualization rendering engine is based on native C and Direct3D, plug-in is based on CL...PSFGeneric: ERP / CRM business management and administration: PSFGeneric 1.4.0.9000 Manual and power-ups ASNIA: PSFGeneric 1.4.0.9000 Tareas 2.1.0 MySQL Persistente 1.0.3 TM-U220 40 col. Driver 1.0.0 Gestor Contable Básico 1.1.2.1 Cafetería 1.1.6 Catalogo 1....QuestTracker: QuestTracker 0.2: Primary new feature: Import/Export Quest Log. Deleting anything will cause an automatic export prior to deletion, automatically backing up your log...Reusable Library: V1.0.5: A collection of reusable abstractions for enterprise application developer.Reusable Library Demo: Reusable Library Demo v1.0.3: A demonstration of reusable abstractions for enterprise application developerSharePoint - Site Request InfoPath Form Template: SharePoint - Site Request InfoPath Form Template: This template allow portal user to enter initial information for requesting of creating a new SharePoint site To install: 1. Run the SiteRequest.m...Silverlight Gantt Chart: Silverlight Gantt Chart 1.2: Updates include ability to add GanttNodeSections that allow for multiple GanttItems in a single row.Spiral Architecture Driven Development (SADD): SADD v.1.0: This is the First complete Release with the NEW materials now all in English ! The abstract from the main article named "SADD-MSAJ-The Spiral Arc...Spiral Architecture Driven Development (SADD) for Russian: SADD v.1.0: Это Первая Версия полного релиза SADD на русском языке. Отрывок из этой статьи опубликован в Microsoft Architecture Journal #23, вы можете найти в ...Sprite Sheet Packer: 2.3 Release: SpriteSheetPacker now supports saved user settings so the app will now remember your previous values for padding, image size, image options, whethe...Standalone XQuery Implementation in .NET: 1.4: This is version 1.4 of the QueryMachine.XQuery. It's includes bug fixes and performance optimization. Document load time is dramatically increased...TextFlow - Text Editor: Kernel: TextFlow core KernelTextFlow - Text Editor: TextFlow Beta 3 Technical Preview: This is a technical preview of TextFlow and is made to run for 40 days after which it will expire. Changes : 140 Bug fixes Supports Windows(R) 7...TiledLib: TiledLib 1.0: First release of TiledLib. This download is for prebuilt DLLs and a demo project. For the full source code, use the Source Code tab to download the...UnGrouper: Current build: This is a preview build. Hide and show the main window with winkey+a. IMPORTANT NOTE: You must close all applications before launching this build ...VCC: Latest build, v2.1.30325.0: Automatic drop of latest buildWCF Metal: WCFMetal 0.3.0.0: WCFMetal 0.3.0.0Copyright © 2010 John Leitch Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License Summary By utilizing LINQ to SQL gene...Web Log Analyzer: Release Indihiang 1.0: For installation and how to use, please read Indihiang portal: http://wiki.indihiang.com What's New in Indihiang 1.0 ? check http://geeks.netindone...異世界の新着動画: Ver. 10-03-25: ニコ生仕様に対応Most Popular ProjectsMetaSharpRawrWBFS ManagerASP.NET Ajax LibrarySilverlight ToolkitMicrosoft SQL Server Product Samples: DatabaseAJAX Control ToolkitLiveUpload to FacebookWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)ASP.NETMost Active ProjectsRawrjQuery Library for SharePoint Web ServicesBlogEngine.NETFarseer Physics EngineFacebook Developer ToolkitLINQ to TwitterFluent Ribbon Control SuiteTable2ClassNB_Store - Free DotNetNuke Ecommerce Catalog ModulePHPExcel

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• Performance Optimization &ndash; It Is Faster When You Can Measure It

  - by Alois Kraus

  Performance optimization in bigger systems is hard because the measured numbers can vary greatly depending on the measurement method of your choice. To measure execution timing of specific methods in your application you usually use Time Measurement Method Potential Pitfalls Stopwatch Most accurate method on recent processors. Internally it uses the RDTSC instruction. Since the counter is processor specific you can get greatly different values when your thread is scheduled to another core or the core goes into a power saving mode. But things do change luckily: Intel's Designer's vol3b, section 16.11.1 "16.11.1 Invariant TSC The time stamp counter in newer processors may support an enhancement, referred to as invariant TSC. Processor's support for invariant TSC is indicated by CPUID.80000007H:EDX[8]. The invariant TSC will run at a constant rate in all ACPI P-, C-. and T-states. This is the architectural behavior moving forward. On processors with invariant TSC support, the OS may use the TSC for wall clock timer services (instead of ACPI or HPET timers). TSC reads are much more efficient and do not incur the overhead associated with a ring transition or access to a platform resource." DateTime.Now Good but it has only a resolution of 16ms which can be not enough if you want more accuracy.   Reporting Method Potential Pitfalls Console.WriteLine Ok if not called too often. Debug.Print Are you really measuring performance with Debug Builds? Shame on you. Trace.WriteLine Better but you need to plug in some good output listener like a trace file. But be aware that the first time you call this method it will read your app.config and deserialize your system.diagnostics section which does also take time.   In general it is a good idea to use some tracing library which does measure the timing for you and you only need to decorate some methods with tracing so you can later verify if something has changed for the better or worse. In my previous article I did compare measuring performance with quantum mechanics. This analogy does work surprising well. When you measure a quantum system there is a lower limit how accurately you can measure something. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation does tell us that you cannot measure of a quantum system the impulse and location of a particle at the same time with infinite accuracy. For programmers the two variables are execution time and memory allocations. If you try to measure the timings of all methods in your application you will need to store them somewhere. The fastest storage space besides the CPU cache is the memory. But if your timing values do consume all available memory there is no memory left for the actual application to run. On the other hand if you try to record all memory allocations of your application you will also need to store the data somewhere. This will cost you memory and execution time. These constraints are always there and regardless how good the marketing of tool vendors for performance and memory profilers are: Any measurement will disturb the system in a non predictable way. Commercial tool vendors will tell you they do calculate this overhead and subtract it from the measured values to give you the most accurate values but in reality it is not entirely true. After falling into the trap to trust the profiler timings several times I have got into the habit to Measure with a profiler to get an idea where potential bottlenecks are. Measure again with tracing only the specific methods to check if this method is really worth optimizing. Optimize it Measure again. Be surprised that your optimization has made things worse. Think harder Implement something that really works. Measure again Finished! - Or look for the next bottleneck. Recently I have looked into issues with serialization performance. For serialization DataContractSerializer was used and I was not sure if XML is really the most optimal wire format. After looking around I have found protobuf-net which uses Googles Protocol Buffer format which is a compact binary serialization format. What is good for Google should be good for us. A small sample app to check out performance was a matter of minutes: using ProtoBuf; using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.IO; using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.Serialization; [DataContract, Serializable] class Data { [DataMember(Order=1)] public int IntValue { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 2)] public string StringValue { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 3)] public bool IsActivated { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 4)] public BindingFlags Flags { get; set; } } class Program { static MemoryStream _Stream = new MemoryStream(); static MemoryStream Stream { get { _Stream.Position = 0; _Stream.SetLength(0); return _Stream; } } static void Main(string[] args) { DataContractSerializer ser = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Data)); Data data = new Data { IntValue = 100, IsActivated = true, StringValue = "Hi this is a small string value to check if serialization does work as expected" }; var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew(); int Runs = 1000 * 1000; for (int i = 0; i < Runs; i++) { //ser.WriteObject(Stream, data); Serializer.Serialize<Data>(Stream, data); } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("Did take {0:N0}ms for {1:N0} objects", sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds, Runs); Console.ReadLine(); } } The results are indeed promising: Serializer Time in ms N objects protobuf-net   807 1000000 DataContract 4402 1000000 Nearly a factor 5 faster and a much more compact wire format. Lets use it! After switching over to protbuf-net the transfered wire data has dropped by a factor two (good) and the performance has worsened by nearly a factor two. How is that possible? We have measured it? Protobuf-net is much faster! As it turns out protobuf-net is faster but it has a cost: For the first time a type is de/serialized it does use some very smart code-gen which does not come for free. Lets try to measure this one by setting of our performance test app the Runs value not to one million but to 1. Serializer Time in ms N objects protobuf-net 85 1 DataContract 24 1 The code-gen overhead is significant and can take up to 200ms for more complex types. The break even point where the code-gen cost is amortized by its faster serialization performance is (assuming small objects) somewhere between 20.000-40.000 serialized objects. As it turned out my specific scenario involved about 100 types and 1000 serializations in total. That explains why the good old DataContractSerializer is not so easy to take out of business. The final approach I ended up was to reduce the number of types and to serialize primitive types via BinaryWriter directly which turned out to be a pretty good alternative. It sounded good until I measured again and found that my optimizations so far do not help much. After looking more deeper at the profiling data I did found that one of the 1000 calls did take 50% of the time. So how do I find out which call it was? Normal profilers do fail short at this discipline. A (totally undeserved) relatively unknown profiler is SpeedTrace which does unlike normal profilers create traces of your applications by instrumenting your IL code at runtime. This way you can look at the full call stack of the one slow serializer call to find out if this stack was something special. Unfortunately the call stack showed nothing special. But luckily I have my own tracing as well and I could see that the slow serializer call did happen during the serialization of a bool value. When you encounter after much analysis something unreasonable you cannot explain it then the chances are good that your thread was suspended by the garbage collector. If there is a problem with excessive GCs remains to be investigated but so far the serialization performance seems to be mostly ok.  When you do profile a complex system with many interconnected processes you can never be sure that the timings you just did measure are accurate at all. Some process might be hitting the disc slowing things down for all other processes for some seconds as well. There is a big difference between warm and cold startup. If you restart all processes you can basically forget the first run because of the OS disc cache, JIT and GCs make the measured timings very flexible. When you are in need of a random number generator you should measure cold startup times of a sufficiently complex system. After the first run you can try again getting different and much lower numbers. Now try again at least two times to get some feeling how stable the numbers are. Oh and try to do the same thing the next day. It might be that the bottleneck you found yesterday is gone today. Thanks to GC and other random stuff it can become pretty hard to find stuff worth optimizing if no big bottlenecks except bloatloads of code are left anymore. When I have found a spot worth optimizing I do make the code changes and do measure again to check if something has changed. If it has got slower and I am certain that my change should have made it faster I can blame the GC again. The thing is that if you optimize stuff and you allocate less objects the GC times will shift to some other location. If you are unlucky it will make your faster working code slower because you see now GCs at times where none were before. This is where the stuff does get really tricky. A safe escape hatch is to create a repro of the slow code in an isolated application so you can change things fast in a reliable manner. Then the normal profilers do also start working again. As Vance Morrison does point out it is much more complex to profile a system against the wall clock compared to optimize for CPU time. The reason is that for wall clock time analysis you need to understand how your system does work and which threads (if you have not one but perhaps 20) are causing a visible delay to the end user and which threads can wait a long time without affecting the user experience at all. Next time: Commercial profiler shootout.

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