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• With CentOS 6 and LXC, "ifconfig" is unable to see network interface (but busybox "ifconfig" works fine)

  - by larsks

  I've just started working with LXC under CentOS 6 (via the libvirt adapter). If I create an LXC container, I'm unable to see any network interfaces when using the native system tools: # ifconfig -a # The behavior is very odd; specifying an interface by names yields neither the expected output nor an error message. This is true even for clearly invalid interface names, like this: # ifconfig foo # The ip command exhibits the same behavior. On the other hand, if I use "ifconfig" provided by busybox, everything works as expected: # busybox ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:E0:12:C8 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fee0:12c8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:268 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:17814 (17.3 KiB) TX bytes:552 (552.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So...what does busybox know that the native tools don't? The libvirt config for this environment is pretty standard; the network definition looks like this: <interface type='network'> <mac address='52:54:00:e0:12:c8'/> <source network='default'/> <target dev='veth0'/> </interface> The full configuration is here if you think it might help. I'm running: lxc-0.7.2-2.el6.x86_64 kernel-2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.x86_64 EDIT Weirder and weirder...it's a display issue, not a functionality issue. I can see the output of ifconfig if I pipe it into anything, so for example: # ifconfig eth0 | cat eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:E0:12:C8 inet addr:192.168.10.10 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fee0:12c8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:573 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:37914 (37.0 KiB) TX bytes:552 (552.0 b) And in fact even when not piping the output, strace shows that ifconfig is in fact writing the output to file descriptor 1 (aka stdout), so it's not clear why no output is actually showing up. This could be either an LXC or a virsh issue, I guess.

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• Ubuntu most menu items dark-on-dark

  - by krzysz00

  Since to ubuntu 10.04 upgrade move of my drop-down menus have been dark-on-dark text, which becomes readable (changed background) when selected. I don't know what's causing this but it's a problem on Ambience and Radiance both. Any hints?

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• How to prioritize openvpn traffic?

  - by aditsu

  I have an openvpn server, with one network interface. VPN traffic is extremely slow. I tried to do traffic control with this configuration (currently): qdisc del dev eth0 root qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: htb default 12 class add dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 900mbit #vpn class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate 1500kbit ceil 3000kbit prio 1 #local net class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate 10mbit ceil 900mbit prio 2 #other class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:12 htb rate 500kbit ceil 1000kbit prio 2 filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip sport 1194 0xffff flowid 1:10 filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 2 u32 match ip dst 192.168.10.0/24 flowid 1:11 qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:10 handle 10: sfq perturb 10 qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:11 handle 11: sfq perturb 10 qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:12 handle 12: sfq perturb 10 But it's still extremely slow. I have an imaps connection that keeps transferring data continuously (I successfully limited the rate) but with openvpn I can't seem to get more than about 100kbit/s The internet connection speed is about 3mbit/s (symmetric) What could be the problem? Does the sport filter work for udp?

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• Other users on my Server?

  - by Jennifer Weinberg

  I'm buying a Server from a person (that I don't know really well) and I want to make sure that the previous owner hasn't got any access anymore. It's an Ubuntu Virtual Server and I already received the admin access (via shell). How can I find out if there are still other accounts left, who are still able to access my server (e.g. with a still existing shell account, ftp or another type of user account)? And how can I delete them if these accounts exist? Best regards, Jennifer

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• Running resize2fs on /

  - by Paul Steckler

  I'm trying to resize an ext4 filesystem on a Fedora 11 box. Using fsdisk and lvm, I was able to grow the partition and logical volume containing the filesystem. When I try to run resize2fs on the device containing the filesystem (/dev/sda2 in this case), I get: "Device or resource busy while trying to open /dev/sda2, Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock" I've tried this from a rescue disk that doesn't have the filesystem mounted, no joy. Maybe resize2fs doesn't know about ext4?

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• What are the limitations of virtual machines?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I'm considering setting up a virtual machine running Windows, with Ubuntu 10.10 as the host OS, for those cases where I have a Windows-only program. I understand that using a VM will lose some performance, but are there other limitations to what the OS in a virtual machine can do compared to "running on bare metal"? For example: Can a VM play games, like Dragon Age Origins or Civilization V? (Possibly with poorer framerates and/or lower resolution, but does it play at all?) Can a VM rip DVD/Blue-ray using AnyDVD or similar Windows program? Can a VM handle new hardware that requires dedicated drivers, but the drivers are only available for the OS running inside the VM? (Ex. graphics card, digital camera, card reader for smart card authentication.) Is it possible to say anything about "general limitations" of VMs, or is this wholly dependent on the specific VM?

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• Perform action based on load avg

  - by sfx

  I'm running some web applications on an debian server and have to struggle with ddos attacks sometimes. It's eating up all my resources and I can't ssh anymore into the server. An idea was to drop all connections if the load avg is too high, so there are still resources for me and accept new connections if the load avg is low enough. Since this has to work under heavy load I'm afraid a cronjob wouldn't be fast enough or take too much resources. tl;dr: Is there a way to configure the behavior if the load avg is above a specific threshold?

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• Xorg input devices fail without udev

  - by Sampo

  What I am trying to do: Launch Xorg server without udev device manager. What I have tried to do: Make sure that /dev/ has all required nodes, such as /dev/input/*. Make sure that all required kernel modules are loaded. Launch Xorg. What happens: Xorg starts up as excepted. Xorg loads correct GPU driver and sets right screen resolution. Xorg blocks all input devices (keyboard, mouse), Alt+F[1-12] does not work (can't go back to tty1). Unraw'ing keyboard to take its control from X removes blocking and after unraw I can Alt+F1 back to tty1. Xorg still does not handle any input. Why I think that it should work: Same configuration works well if udev is loaded. Loading udev does not add or modify /dev/ contents, all nodes stays same. My main question is: How to make Xorg input devices work without udev? Any additional information about how Xorg really uses/detects/grabs keyboard would be helpful. And any additional information about what udev really does (other than populating /dev/) would also be helpful.

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• What permissions / ownership to set on PHP Sessions Folder when running FastCGI / PHP-FPM (as user "nobody")?

  - by Professor Frink

  I'm having trouble getting a number of scripts running because PHP-FPM can't write to my session folder: "2009/10/01 23:54:07 [error] 17830#0: *24 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP Warning: Unknown: open(/var/lib/php/session/sess_cskfq4godj4ka2a637i5lq41o5, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied (13) in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/lib/php/session) in Unknown on line 0" while reading upstream" Obviously this is a permission issue; my session folder's owner/group is the webserver's user, NGINX. PHP-FPM runs as nobody though, and hence adding it to the nginx group is not so trivial. A temporary solution is to set the permissions of /var/lib/php/session to 777 - I have a feeling that's not the "best practice" though. What is the best practice when you need to assign a daemon write access to a folder, but it is running as nobody ?

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• arp -n responds with (incomplete) on the wrong subnet, can't remove it

  - by Hannes

  context There are 2 servers: server1 - eth0 10.129.76.16 eth0.2 192.168.0.103 server2 - eth0 10.129.79.1 eth0.2 192.168.62.101 The 192.x.x.x addresses are connected to the same vlan (vlan2) and are able to see eachother. The 10.x.x.x addresses are connected to different vlan's which are not able to see eachother. on request of David Swartz: the routing table on server 1 is: ~$ sudo route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.129.76.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.192.0 U 0 0 0 eth0.2 0.0.0.0 192.168.61.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0.2 the routing table on server 2 is: ~$ sudo route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 <public IP gw> 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0.11 10.129.79.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 <public IP> 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.128 U 0 0 0 eth0.11 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.192.0 U 0 0 0 eth0.2 Problem: When I ping from server 1 to server 2, it seems no packets are arriving and vice versa. When I check the routes (route -n) I see the default gw uses eth0.2 on both servers. But when I use arping, I get a response one way (from server 2 to server 1) but no response vice versa. arping 192.168.62.101 ARPING 192.168.62.101 from 10.129.76.16 eth0 ^CSent 2 probes (2 broadcast(s)) Received 0 response(s) As you can see it uses the 10.x.x.x address instead of the 192.x.x.x. And as I told before, the 10.x.x.x address is unreachable from the other server. When I force arping to use eth0.2, it does work. I don't have any problems with ping'ing other servers from any of those 2 servers. I did see this in the arp tables: ~# arp -n | grep 192.168.0.103 192.168.0.103 (incomplete) eth0 and ~# arp -n | grep 192.168.62.101 Question quite obvious... How can I make these servers see each other again? Things I've tied clear the apropriate entries in the arptable and tried to get rid of the (incomplete) But I think the biggest problem is that eth0 is used instead of eth0.2 for the packets from server 1 to server 2 Because of David Swartz' remark about the routing tables, I added a route in there defining the host. I added 192.168.0.103 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0.2 and 192.168.62.101 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0.2 to the appropriate servers but this didn't solve the problem so I presume the problem is not in the routing. My guess I guess the problem lies in the following. ~$ arp -n | grep 192.168.0.103 192.168.0.103 (incomplete) eth0 but I'm unable to remove this entry. (arp -d 192.168.0.103 has no effect) Thanks for reading and even more thanks for answering!

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• What kernel modules are required for wi-fi to work?

  - by Leonid Shevtsov

  My custom-built 2.6.32 kernel cannot connect to any WPA-protected network. The kernel includes (probably?) everything that should be needed for wifi, including IPv4 network support (IPv6 is disabled), the ath5k wireless driver (which is used in the generic Ubuntu 2.6.31 kernel) and all crypto APIs. The card is being detected, however, iwlist scan returns wlan0 Failed to read scan data : Network is down and network-manager log says <info> (wlan0): driver supports SSID scans (scan_capa 0x01). <info> (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (driver: 'ath5k') <info> (wlan0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1 <info> (wlan0): now managed <info> (wlan0): device state change: 1 -> 2 (reason 2) <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. <info> (wlan0): preparing device. <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason: 2). supplicant_interface_acquire: assertion `mgr_state == NM_SUPPLICANT_MANAGER_STATE_IDLE' failed <info> modem-manager is now available <WARN> default_adapter_cb(): bluez error getting default adapter: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files <info> Trying to start the supplicant... <info> (wlan0): supplicant manager state: down -> idle <info> (wlan0): device state change: 2 -> 3 (reason 0) <WARN> nm_supplicant_interface_add_cb(): Unexpected supplicant error getting interface: wpa_supplicant couldn't grab this interface. The exact same configuration works with the generic kernel. Is anything except wifi and crypto api needed for wi-fi to work?

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• How to find the /dev name of my USB device

  - by mustafa

  I am running Ubuntu 11 on VmWare on Windows XP. I want to format an SD card in Ubuntu. But, I can't figure out which /dev/xxx device the SD card is. I plug the card into the built-in socket of my laptop. I "safely remove" the device in Windows. Then, I "connect" the PCMCIA reader in VmWare. Now, I was supposing to see a new device like /dev/sdx. But, it doesn't appear :( How can I find what the name of my USB device's name and mount it? /var/log/message is empty. Here is the output of dmesg: [ 5268.927308] usb 2-1: new full speed USB device number 12 using uhci_hcd And, here is the last lines of /var/log/syslog: Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu kernel: [ 5268.927308] usb 2-1: new full speed USB device number 12 using uhci_hcd Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 12: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:00.0/usb2/2-1" Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 12 was not an MTP device

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• Remotely accessing the openfire installed on fedora machine

  - by KItis

  HI , I have installed Openfire on fedora machine. i can start the openfire on this machine and it runs on the localhost. But i can not access openfire remotly as follows http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9090 i have desabled ip tables on this computer also when i do telnet for port 9090 on the localhost , it works could some one help me to get this working Thanks in advance for any help

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• Does Ubuntu Server have any sort of cron job to automatically clear /tmp?

  - by DWilliams

  I know it clears out /tmp on reboots, but I haven't been able to find any sort of cron job on my server that clears /tmp. I recently set up a script that writes lots of files to /tmp and my server usually goes several months between reboots so I'm concerned about it being cluttered. I've seen several other distros that have a tmpwatch script installed by default. Ubuntu's repository seems to have replaced tmpwatch with tmpreaper. Is there any mechanism in place on Ubuntu (8.04 currently, soon to be upgraded to 10.04 when I get around to it) to clean up temp files on a server that doesn't regularly reboot or do I need to install tmpreaper?

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• Using the link command to keep backups on another drive

  - by Xavier

  I have a folder that contains a not so large amount of space called /data/backup. I have been told that if I link that folder (/data/backup) to an even bigger folder area like /bigdata/backup for example, that I will be able to execute backups to the /data/backup folder. It will then just create a link, but the data will be seen in both folders and the latter one (/bigdata/backup) will contain the backup results but it will show on both folders. Since the /bigdata/backup has far more disk space then the backup will no longer fail because of space problems in the /data/backup one. Is this true?

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• Constantly diminishing free space on fedora 17

  - by Varun Madiath

  I don't know how to explain this other than to say that my computer seems to magically run out of free when it runs for a while. The output of df -h . oh my home direction is below /dev/mapper/vg_vmadiath--dev-lv_home 50G 47G 0 100% /home When I run sudo du -cks * | sort -rn | head -11 on /home I get the following output. I got this from decreasing free space on fedora 12 32744344 total 32744328 vmadiath 16 lost+found If I restart my system things seem to fix themselves and I'm left with about 20 or 25GB of free space. I'm running XFCE with XMonad as my window manager under fedora 17. Programs I'm running include the XFCE terminal, grep, find, firefox, eclipse, libre-office writer, zsh, emacs. Any help will be greatly appreciated. I'll gladly give you any other output you might need.

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• Upgrade to ubuntu 13.04 from 12.04 with iso image

  - by Digvijay Yadav

  I have ubuntu 12.04 installed on my system. I want to upgrade it to ubuntu 13.04. I want to do this upgrade using an iso image of ubuntu 13.04. I tried this Solution But it didn't work for me. After running these command I didn't get any alerts about updating. Also I don't understand the gksu part of the solution. Here are the steps I tried: sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop PATH/TO/ISO /cdrom then sudo /cdrom/cdromupgrade Read more: http://linuxpoison.blogspot.tw/2011/06/how-to-upgrade-ubuntu-using-alternate.html#ixzz2SFMqlOPx I also wanted to know, If I can do this using a networked computer. By this I mean the iso file is on some other computer. Thank you.

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• GNU Screen: Combining split-regions and full-screen sessions

  - by scrrr

  Let's say I have three sessions: 0, 1 and 2 I'm on session 0 and I press CTRL-A S to split the screen. Then I select session 1 for the bottom split region, while 0 is in the upper. Can I switch to session 2 and have it display in full-screen while 0 and 1 remain split? If I CTRL-A n to other sessions in a split screen it only changes the split-region. I want some sessions to be full-screen though. Is that possible?

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• Why does dstat show zeroes for disk activity on my virtual private server running Ubuntu?

  - by Jonathan Berger

  I'm trying to monitor the number of disk reads and writes on my VPS (Rackspace in this case) running Ubuntu 9.04. I realize there are many tools to do this, but when using dstat 0.7 I tried the following command: dstat -d The output is just two columns of zeroes even when I upload a large file via scp that should be causing a large number of disk writes. Why is this, and how do I get dstat to correctly display the number of disk reads and writes?

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• "make menuconfig" throwing cannot find -lc error in my Fedora 11 PC

  - by Sen

  When i try to do a make menuconfig in a Fedora 11 machine it is throwing the following error message: [root@PC04 kernel]# make menuconfig HOSTCC -static scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/basic/fixdep.c: In function âtrapsâ: scripts/basic/fixdep.c:377: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules scripts/basic/fixdep.c:379: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[1]: *** [scripts/basic/fixdep] Error 1 make: *** [scripts_basic] Error 2 Please help me on this issue? How can i solve this? Thanks, Sen

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• One incorrect SSH login attempt locks me out for an hour...

  - by Legend

  I've never observed this problem neither did any of my colleagues trying to SSH into the same system. If I try logging into my server using a wrong username and then press ^C to terminate or exhaust my password attempts, I am locked out for at least an hour. Is there something I can do on my end to fix this problem?

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• testdisk - recover partition table

  - by Evaggelos Balaskas

  I destroyed my partition table of my laptop. Testdisk reports the below Disk laptop.img - 250 GB / 232 GiB - CHS 30402 255 63 (RO) Partition Start End Size in sectors >P MS Data 435868 456606 20739 [NO NAME] P MS Data 19232600 19235479 2880 [NO NAME] D MS Data 41945087 83890143 41945057 D MS Data 57151486 168579069 111427584 D MS Data 67637246 141037565 73400320 D MS Data 151523326 193466365 41943040 D MS Data 170617328 170618223 896 D MS Data 170631168 170634047 2880 D MS Data 171338232 171344405 6174 [Boot] D MS Data 172008235 172231918 223684 [NO NAME] P MS Data 193466368 214437887 20971520 D MS Data 217321375 225321678 8000304 [root] D MS Data 224923646 308809725 83886080 [media] D MS Data 308809728 420237311 111427584 D MS Data 418910206 481824765 62914560 [vmimages] my partition table had 3 Primary Partitions. 1. WinXP Home 2. /boot 3. LVM inside LVM i had 9 or 10 LVM partitions One of them was my home (encrypted with luks) testdisk cant recover my partition table or any other partition. Partitions with [P] doesnt have any useful data. I want to use dd to extract the partitions and try to recover as many files i can. Any ideas of how i can extract eg. the [root] lvm partition from the above testdisk report ? I am afraid that my disk was also corrupted.

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• Recovering/Creating NewWorld Partition on Mac G4 (PPC) after botched Debian Install

  - by Luis Espinal

  I was trying to install Debian 5.04 on a Mac G4, and in typical geek tradition, I didn't RTFM. During installation, I nuked all existing partitions, creating new to my liking. But as I learned later during the installation process, yaboot needed a NewWorld partition, so I can't boot the installation. I don't have any OSX CDs with me (this is a used G4 I purchased of craigslist) with which to create a HFS partition. I've re-run the Debian installer, which lets me create a partition that is supposed to be of type 'NewWorld', but the installer does not seem to like it or recognizes it. Any ideas how to proceed from here? Thanks.

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• Timeout error occurred trying to start MySQL Daemon.

  - by user353277

  Timeout error occurred trying to start MySQL Daemon. The above error comes when i run the following command "service mysqld start" this error comes on centos 5 after reboot the system please help me i'm a new bie on centos 5 and i'm stuck here

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• Subdomains not working with virtual hosts on apache2 ubuntu

  - by cy834sh4rk

  I'm trying to set up a subdomain on my ec2 account but can't figure out what's going on. I've looked for a few hours and haven't been able to find an answer :-/ I'm trying to set up a subdomain using virtual hosts but no matter what I try the browser can't find the subdomain :-( I have the following vhosts files set up: apache2/sites-available/mysite (this site currently works) <VirtualHost *:80 ServerName mysite.com ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /home/sites/mysite <Directory /home/sites/mysite Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/mysite-error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/mysite-access.log combined </VirtualHost apache2/sites-available/red (this is the subdomain I'm trying to set up) <VirtualHost *:80 ServerName red.mysite.com ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www/red <Directory /var/www/red Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/red-error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/red-access.log combined </VirtualHost Apache mod_rewrite is enabled. I've enabled both sites using a2ensite and I make sure I restart apache every time I make a change. /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 mysite.com 127.0.0.1 red.mysite.com Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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