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  • Numpy modify array in place?

    - by User
    I have the following code which is attempting to normalize the values of an m x n array (It will be used as input to a neural network, where m is the number of training examples and n is the number of features). However, when I inspect the array in the interpreter after the script runs, I see that the values are not normalized; that is, they still have the original values. I guess this is because the assignment to the array variable inside the function is only seen within the function. How can I do this normalization in place? Or do I have to return a new array from the normalize function? import numpy def normalize(array, imin = -1, imax = 1): """I = Imin + (Imax-Imin)*(D-Dmin)/(Dmax-Dmin)""" dmin = array.min() dmax = array.max() array = imin + (imax - imin)*(array - dmin)/(dmax - dmin) print array[0] def main(): array = numpy.loadtxt('test.csv', delimiter=',', skiprows=1) for column in array.T: normalize(column) return array if __name__ == "__main__": a = main()

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  • How to extend the comments framework (django) by removing unnecesary fields?

    - by Ignacio
    Hi, I've been reading on the django docs about the comments framework and how to customize it (http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.1/ref/contrib/comments/custom/) In that page, it shows how to add new fields to a form. But what I want to do is to remove unnecesary fields, like URL, email (amongst other minor mods.) On that same doc page it says the way to go is to extend my custom comments class from BaseCommentAbstractModel, but that's pretty much it, I've come so far and now I'm at a loss. I couldn't find anything on this specific aspect.

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  • How do I join three tables with SQLalchemy and keeping all of the columns in one of the tables?

    - by jimka
    So, I have three tables: The class defenitions: engine = create_engine('sqlite://test.db', echo=False) SQLSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) Base = declarative_base() class Channel(Base): __tablename__ = 'channel' id = Column(Integer, primary_key = True) title = Column(String) description = Column(String) link = Column(String) pubDate = Column(DateTime) class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'user' id = Column(Integer, primary_key = True) username = Column(String) password = Column(String) sessionId = Column(String) class Subscription(Base): __tablename__ = 'subscription' userId = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('user.id'), primary_key=True) channelId = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('channel.id'), primary_key=True) And the SQL commands that are executed to create them: CREATE TABLE subscription ( "userId" INTEGER NOT NULL, "channelId" INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ("userId", "channelId"), FOREIGN KEY("userId") REFERENCES user (id), FOREIGN KEY("channelId") REFERENCES channel (id) ); CREATE TABLE user ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, username VARCHAR, password VARCHAR, "sessionId" VARCHAR, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); CREATE TABLE channel ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, title VARCHAR, description VARCHAR, link VARCHAR, "pubDate" TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); NOTE: I know user.username should be unique, need to fix that, and I'm not sure why SQLalchemy creates some row names with the double-quotes. And I'm trying to come up with a way to retrieve all of the channels, as well as an indication on what channels one particular user (identified by user.sessionId together with user.id) has a subscription on. For example, say we have four channels: channel1, channel2, channel3, channel4; a user: user1; who has a subscription on channel1 and channel4. The query for user1 would return something like: channel.id | channel.title | subscribed --------------------------------------- 1 channel1 True 2 channel2 False 3 channel3 False 4 channel4 True This is a best-case result, but since I have absolutely no clue as how to accomplish the subscribed column, I've been instead trying to get the particular users id in the rows where the user has a subscription and where a subscription is missing, just leave it blank. The database engine that I'm using together with SQLalchemy atm. is sqlite3 I've been scratching my head over this for two days now, I've no problem joining together all three by way of the subscription table but then all of the channels where the user does not have a subscription gets omitted. I hope I've managed to describe my problem sufficiently, thanks in advance.

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  • Use Google AppEngine datastore outside of AppEngine project

    - by Holtwick
    For my little framework Pyxer I would like to to be able to use the Google AppEngine datastores also outside of AppEngine projects, because I'm now used to this ORM pattern and for little quick hacks this is nice. I can not use Google AppEngine for all of my projects because of its's limitations in file size and number of files. A great alternative would also be, if there was a project that provides an ORM with the same naming as the AppEngine datastore. I also like the GQL approach very much, since this is a nice combination of ORM and SQL patterns. Any ideas where or how I might find such a solution? Thanks.

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  • uWSGI with Cherokee: first steps

    - by Steve
    Has anyone tried using uWSGI with Cherokee? Can you share your experiences and what documents you relied upon the most? I am trying to get started from the documentation on both (uWSGI and Cherokee) websites. Nothing works yet. I am using Ubuntu 10.04.

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  • How to extend models of other applications in Django?

    - by culebrón
    I have a small app with Category model and want to make a required foreign key referencing it from Photologue Gallery model. What's the right approach? I can make many-to-many field in Category, but this way it will not be required in Gallery. Use "register" and modify the Gallery model? Inherit it in my app?

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  • Splitting a person's name into forename and surname

    - by Nick
    ok so basically I am asking the question of their name I want this to be one input rather than Forename and Surname. Now is there any way of splitting this name? and taking just the last word from the "Sentence" e.g. name = "Thomas Winter" print name.split() and what would be output is just "Winter"

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  • List available languages for PyGTK UI strings

    - by detly
    I'm cleaning up some localisation and translation settings in our PyGTK application. The app is only intended to be used under GNU/Linux systems. One of the features we want is for users to select the language used for the applications (some prefer their native language, some prefer English for consistency, some like French because it sounds romantic, etc). For this to work, I need to actually show a combo box with the various languages available. How can I get this list? In fact, I need a list of pairs of the language code ("en", "ru", etc) and the language name in the native language ("English (US)", "???????"). If I had to implement a brute force method, I'd do something like: look in the system locale dir (eg. "/usr/share/locale") for all language code dirs (eg. "en/") containing the relative path "LC_MESSAGES/OurAppName.mo". Is there a more programmatic way?

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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • Why does my buffered GraphicsContext application have a flickering problem?

    - by Bibendum
    import wx class MainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent,title): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title=title, size=(640,480)) self.mainPanel=DoubleBufferTest(self,-1) self.Show(True) class DoubleBufferTest(wx.Panel): def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1): wx.Panel.__init__(self,parent,id,style=wx.FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE) self.SetBackgroundColour("#FFFFFF") self.timer = wx.Timer(self) self.timer.Start(100) self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.update, self.timer) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self.onPaint) def onPaint(self,event): event.Skip() dc = wx.MemoryDC() dc.SelectObject(wx.EmptyBitmap(640, 480)) gc = wx.GraphicsContext.Create(dc) gc.PushState() gc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("#CFCFCF")) bgRect=gc.CreatePath() bgRect.AddRectangle(0,0,640,480) gc.FillPath(bgRect) gc.PopState() dc2=wx.PaintDC(self) dc2.Blit(0,0,640,480,dc,0,0) def update(self,event): self.Refresh() app = wx.App(False) f=MainFrame(None,"Test") app.MainLoop() I've come up with this code to draw double buffered GraphicsContext content onto a panel, but there's a constant flickering across the window. I've tried different kinds of paths, like lines and curves but it's still there and I don't know what's causing it.

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  • Formwizards for editing in Django

    - by Espen Christensen
    Hi, I am in the process of making a webapp, and this webapp needs to have a form wizard. The wizard consists of 3 ModelForms, and it works flawlessly. But I need the second form to be a "edit form". That is, i need it to be a form that is passed an instance. How can you do this with a form wizard? How do you pass in an instance of a model? I see that the FormWizard class has a get_form method, but isnt there a documented way to use the formwizard for editing/reviewing of data?

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  • How to build a Django form which requires a delay to be re-submitted ?

    - by pierre-guillaume-degans
    Hey, In order to avoid spamming, I would like to add a waiting time to re-submit a form (i.e. the user should wait a few seconds to submit the form, except the first time that this form is submitted). To do that, I added a timestamp to my form (and a security_hash field containing the timestamp plus the settings.SECRET_KEY which ensures that the timestamp is not fiddled with). This look like: class MyForm(forms.Form): timestamp = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput) security_hash = forms.CharField(min_length=40, max_length=40, widget=forms.HiddenInput) # + some other fields.. # + methods to build the hash and to clean the timestamp... # (it is based on django.contrib.comments.forms.CommentSecurityForm) def clean_timestamp(self): """Make sure the delay is over (5 seconds).""" ts = self.cleaned_data["timestamp"] if not time.time() - ts > 5: raise forms.ValidationError("Timestamp check failed") return ts # etc... This works fine. However there is still an issue: the timestamp is checked the first time the form is submitted by the user, and I need to avoid this. Any idea to fix it ? Thank you ! :-)

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  • Convert object to DateRange

    - by user655832
    I'm querying an underlying PostgreSQL database using Pandas 0.8. Pandas is returning the DataFrame properly but the underlying timestamp column in my database is being returned as a generic "object" type in Pandas. As I would eventually like to seasonal normalization of my data I am curious as to how to convert this generic "object" column to something that is appropriate for analysis. Here is my current code to retrieve the data: # get records from db example import pandas.io.sql as psql import psycopg2 # define query to get all subs created this year QRY = """ select i i, i * random() f, case when random() > 0.5 then true else false end t, (current_date - (i*random())::int)::timestamp with time zone tsz from generate_series(1,1000) as s(i) order by 4 ; """ CONN_STRING = "host='localhost' port=5432 dbname='postgres' user='postgres'" # connect to db conn = psycopg2.connect(CONN_STRING) # get some data set index on relid column df = psql.frame_query(QRY, con=conn) print "Row count retrieved: %i" % (len(df),) Thanks for any help you can render. M

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  • How can I lookup an attribute in any scope by name?

    - by Wai Yip Tung
    How can I lookup an attribute in any scope by name? My first trial is to use globals() and locals(). e.g. >>> def foo(name): ... a=1 ... print globals().get(name), locals().get(name) ... >>> foo('a') None 1 >>> b=1 >>> foo('b') 1 None >>> foo('foo') <function foo at 0x014744B0> None So far so good. However it fails to lookup any built-in names. >>> range <built-in function range> >>> foo('range') None None >>> int <type 'int'> >>> foo('int') None None Any idea on how to lookup built-in attributes?

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  • how to make my method running on the template of google-app-engine..

    - by zjm1126
    the model is : class someModel(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() def name_is_sss(self): return self.name=='sss' the view is : a=someModel() a.name='sss' path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.join('templates', 'blog/a.html')) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, {'a':a})) and the html is : {{ a.name_is_sss }} the page shows : True so i want to make it more useful, and like this: the model: class someModel(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() def name_is_x(self,x): return self.name==x the html is : {% a.name_is_x 'www'%} or {{ a.name_is_x 'www'}} but the error is : TemplateSyntaxError: Invalid block tag: 'a.name_is_x' or TemplateSyntaxError: Could not parse the remainder: 'www' so how to make my method running thanks

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  • Trouble with encoding and urllib

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I'm loading web-page using urllib. Ther eis russian symbols, but page encoding is 'utf-8' 1 pageData = unicode(requestHandler.read()).decode('utf-8') UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 262: ordinal not in range(128) 2 pageData = requestHandler.read() soupHandler = BeautifulSoup(pageData) print soupHandler.findAll(...) UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 340-345: ordinal not in range(128)

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  • a simple smtp server

    - by fixxxer
    Could you please suggest a simple SMTP server with the very basic APIs(by very basic I mean, to read,write,delete email) that could be run on a linux box? I just need to convert the crux of the email into XML format and FTP it to another machine.

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  • Returning Database Blobs in TurboGears 2.x / FCGI / Lighttpd extremely slow

    - by Tom
    Hey everyone, I am running a TG2 App on lighttpd via flup/fastcgi. We are reading images (~30kb each) from BlobFields in a MySQL database and return those images with a custom mime type via a controller method. Caching these images on the hard disk makes no sense because they change with every request, the only reason we cache these in the DB is that creating these images is quite expensive and the data used to create the images is also present in plain text on the website. Now to the problem itself: When returning such an image, things get extremely slow. The code runs totally fine on paster itself with no visible delay, but as soon as its running via fcgi/lighttpd the described phenomenon happens. I profiled the method of my controller that returns my blob, and the entire method runs in a few miliseconds, but when "return" executes, the entire app hangs for roughly 10 seconds. We could not reproduce the same error with PHP on FCGI. This only seems to happen with Turbogears or Pylons. Here for your consideration the concerned piece of source code: @expose(content_type=CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE) def return_img(self, img_id): """ Return a DB persisted image when requested """ img = model.Images.by_id(img_id) #get image from DB response.headers['content-type'] = 'image/png' return img.data # this causes the app to hang for 10 seconds

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