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• OpenVPN: Connection established but can’t connect to server

  - by Maik

  I am trying to set up OpenVPN to allow me to connect a number of laptops to my network in a way that allows the laptops to connect to specific computers via HTTP (to e.g. a server management page) and windows shares (to access files) In the test environment my laptops live in a network with a 192.168.1.X address range. The host-network has a 10.66.77.X address range The server hosting the OpenVPN server has address 10.77.10.20. I need to access some application server web pages on this machine, accessible on various ports The server with the windows shares as well as some other web based pages I need to access is on address 10.66.77.20 The config files for server and laptop are attached below. The laptop establishes the VPN connection without problems, but I cannot access any of the machines, even a simple ping fails. Maybe a routing problem? The routing table for the laptop is shown below as well - every idea is appreciated! Thanks! Maik Server config file port 1194 dev tun tls-server ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/keys/projects.crt key /etc/openvpn/keys/projects.key dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "route 10.66.77.0 255.255.255.0" keepalive 10 60 inactive 600 route 10.8.0.1 255.255.255.0 user openvpn group openvpn persist-tun persist-key verb 4 client config file dev tun proto udp remote SERVERADDR 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert accountingLaptop.crt key accountingLaptop.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 Resulting routing table on client laptop C:\Documents and Settings\User>route print =========================================================================== Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x2 ...00 23 5a 9b 64 9b ...... Atheros AR8132 PCI-E Fast Ethernet Controller - Packet Scheduler Miniport 0x3 ...00 24 2c 35 c9 6b ...... Dell Wireless 1395 WLAN Mini-Card - Packet Sched uler Miniport 0x4 ...00 ff 5e 03 43 9b ...... TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 - Packet Scheduler Miniport =========================================================================== =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.129 25 10.8.0.1 255.255.255.255 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 1 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.252 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 30 10.8.0.6 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 30 10.66.77.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 1 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 30 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.129 25 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 25 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.129 25 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 30 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.129 25 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.8.0.6 2 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.129 1 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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• Cisco VPN Client dropping connection

  - by IT Team

  Using Windows XP and Cisco VPN client version 5.0.4.xxx to connect to a remote customer site. We are able to establish the connection and start an RDP session, but within 1-2 minutes the connection drops and the VPN connection disconnects. The PC making the connection is on a DMZ which is NATed to a public IP address. If we move the PC directly onto the internet without being on the DMZ the connection works and we don't encounter any disconnects. We use a PIX 515E running 7.2.4 and don't have any problems with similar setups connecting to other customer sites from the DMZ. The VPN setup on the client side is pretty basic, using IPSec over TCP port 10000. Not sure what device they are using on the peer, but my guess would be an ASA. Any idea as to what the problem would be? Below is the logs from the VPN client when the problem occurs. The real IP address has been changed to: RemotePeerIP. 4 14:39:30.593 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x63100024 Attempt connection with server "RemotePeerIP" 5 14:39:30.593 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 CM/0x6310002F Allocated local TCP port 1942 for TCP connection. 6 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x63700008 IPSec driver successfully started 7 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x63700014 Deleted all keys 8 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 IPSEC/0x6370002C Sent 256 packets, 0 were fragmented. 9 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 IPSEC/0x63700020 TCP SYN sent to RemotePeerIP, src port 1942, dst port 10000 10 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 IPSEC/0x6370001C TCP SYN-ACK received from RemotePeerIP, src port 10000, dst port 1942 11 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 IPSEC/0x63700021 TCP ACK sent to RemotePeerIP, src port 1942, dst port 10000 12 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Warning/3 IPSEC/0xA370001C Bad cTCP trailer, Rsvd 26984, Magic# 63697672h, trailer len 101, MajorVer 13, MinorVer 10 13 14:39:30.796 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x63100029 TCP connection established on port 10000 with server "RemotePeerIP" 14 14:39:31.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x63100024 Attempt connection with server "RemotePeerIP" 15 14:39:31.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 IKE/0x6300003B Attempting to establish a connection with RemotePeerIP. 16 14:39:31.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000013 SENDING ISAKMP OAK AG (SA, KE, NON, ID, VID(Xauth), VID(dpd), VID(Frag), VID(Unity)) to RemotePeerIP 17 14:39:36.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000021 Retransmitting last packet! 18 14:39:36.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000013 SENDING ISAKMP OAK AG (Retransmission) to RemotePeerIP 19 14:39:41.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000021 Retransmitting last packet! 20 14:39:41.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000013 SENDING ISAKMP OAK AG (Retransmission) to RemotePeerIP 21 14:39:46.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000021 Retransmitting last packet! 22 14:39:46.296 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000013 SENDING ISAKMP OAK AG (Retransmission) to RemotePeerIP 23 14:39:51.328 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000017 Marking IKE SA for deletion (I_Cookie=AEFC3FFF0405BBD6 R_Cookie=0000000000000000) reason = DEL_REASON_PEER_NOT_RESPONDING 24 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x6300004B Discarding IKE SA negotiation (I_Cookie=AEFC3FFF0405BBD6 R_Cookie=0000000000000000) reason = DEL_REASON_PEER_NOT_RESPONDING 25 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x63100014 Unable to establish Phase 1 SA with server "RemotePeerIP" because of "DEL_REASON_PEER_NOT_RESPONDING" 26 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/5 CM/0x63100025 Initializing CVPNDrv 27 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x6310002D Resetting TCP connection on port 10000 28 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 CM/0x63100030 Removed local TCP port 1942 for TCP connection. 29 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 CM/0x63100046 Set tunnel established flag in registry to 0. 30 14:39:51.828 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x63000001 IKE received signal to terminate VPN connection 31 14:39:52.328 09/23/09 Sev=Info/6 IPSEC/0x63700023 TCP RST sent to RemotePeerIP, src port 1942, dst port 10000 32 14:39:52.328 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x63700014 Deleted all keys 33 14:39:52.328 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x63700014 Deleted all keys 34 14:39:52.328 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x63700014 Deleted all keys 35 14:39:52.328 09/23/09 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x6370000A IPSec driver successfully stopped Thank you for any help you can provide.

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• Connecting debian and windows via IPsec VPN with Racoon and ipsec-tools

  - by Michi Qne

  I've some trouble with the IPsec configuration on my debian server (6 squeeze). This server should connect via IPsec VPN to an windows server, which is protected by an firewall. I've used racoon and ipsec-tools and this tutorial http://wiki.debian.org/IPsec. However, I am not quite sure, if this tutorial fits to my purpose, because of some differences: my Host and my gateway are the same server. So I don't have two different ip addresses. I guess, that's not a problem the other server is an windows system behind a firewall. Hopefully, not a problem the subnet of the windows system is /32 not /24. So I change it to /32. I worked through the tutorial step by step, but I wasn't able to route the ip. The following command didn't work for me: ip route add to 172.16.128.100/32 via XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX src XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX So I tried the following instead: ip route add to 172.16.128.100 .., which obviously not solved the problem. The next problem is the compression. The windows doesn't use a compression, but 'compression_algorithm none;' doesn't work with my racoon. So the current value is 'compression_algorithm deflate;' So my current result looks like this: When I am trying to ping the windows host (ping 172.16.128.100), I receive the following error message from ping: ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted And racoon logs: racoon: ERROR: failed to get sainfo. After googling for a while I came to no conclusion, what's the solution. Does this error message mean that the first phase of IPsec works? I am thankful for any advice. I guess my configs might be helpful. My racoon.conf looks like this: path pre_shared_key "/etc/racoon/psk.txt"; remote YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY { exchange_mode main; proposal { lifetime time 8 hour; encryption_algorithm 3des; hash_algorithm sha1; authentication_method pre_shared_key; dh_group 2; } } sainfo address XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/32 any address 172.16.128.100/32 any { pfs_group 2; lifetime time 8 hour; encryption_algorithm aes 256; authentication_algorithm hmac_sha1; compression_algorithm deflate; } And my ipsec-tools.conf looks like this: flush; spdflush; spdadd XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/32 172.16.128.100/32 any -P out ipsec esp/tunnel/XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX-YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY/require; spdadd 172.16.128.100/32 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/32 any -P in ipsec esp/tunnel/YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY-XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/require; If anyone has an advice, that would be awesome. Thanks in Advance. Greets, Michael It was a simple copy-and-paste error in an ip address.

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• Linux pptp client stops working after several hours

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  Here's the situation: Setup: 1 Windows Server 2008 machine acting as a Domain Controller and RRAS server 1 CentOS machine in a datacentre located elsewhere PPTP client running on CentOS machine, connected to the DC via When I connect to the DC, everything is working fine. I have set up a static IP for the dialup connection in my RRAS server so that the CentOS machine is automatically assigned the IP 192.168.1.240. Inside the VPN, it is not possible to access this machine on the local IP-address. Perfect. However, after several hours, it simply seems to stop working (IE: I cannot ping to or from this machine on the local network). The strange thing is, however: The DC shows the VPN client as still being connected The CentOS machine shows the network interface as being up There are no entries in my /var/log/messages that indicate a problem Output from ifconfig: ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:192.168.1.240 P-t-P:192.168.1.160 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1396 Metric:1 RX packets:43 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:4511 (4.4 KiB) TX bytes:15071 (14.7 KiB) Output from route -n: 192.168.1.160 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 I have the following in my ip-up.local: route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ppp0 The situation can be easily fixed by issueing a killall pppd and re-connecting. However, I obviously do not want to do this every X-hours or so. I have tried running pppd with both the debug as the kdebug flag but cannot find the cause of this problem. Currently, my ppp0 network interface seems to be running and the last log lines mentioning it are: Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: local IP address 192.168.1.240 Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: remote IP address 192.168.1.160 Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: Script /etc/ppp/ip-up started (pid 10952) Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: Script /etc/ppp/ip-up finished (pid 10952), status = 0x0 Feb 19 14:11:27 graviton pptp[10935]: anon log[decaps_gre:pptp_gre.c:414]: buffering packet 190 (expecting 189, lost or reordered) Feb 19 14:11:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Request received. Feb 19 14:11:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 6 'Echo-Reply' Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Request received. Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 6 'Echo-Reply' Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:13:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:14:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:15:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:16:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:19:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:19:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:679]: no more Echo Reply/Request packets will be reported. I have enabled the persist option. The network interface is still running, but it is still impossible to send data through the VPN. Any help is appreciated.

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• svnstat script

  - by Kyle Hodgson

  So I'm building out a shell script to check out all of our relevant svn repositories for analysis in svnstat. I've gotten all of this to work manually, now I'm writing up a bash script in cygwin on my Vista laptop, as I intend to move this to a Linux server at some point. Edit: I gave up on this and wrote a simple .bat script. I'll figure out the Linux deployment some other way. Edit: added the sleep 30 and svn log commands. I can tell now, with the svn log command, that it's not getting to the svn log ... this time, it did Applications, and ran the log, and then check out Database, and froze. I'll put the sleep 30 before and after the log this time. co2.sh #!/bin/bash function checkout { mkdir $1 svn checkout svn://dev-server/$1 $1 svn log --verbose --xml >> svn.log $1 sleep 30 } cd /cygdrive/c/Users/My\ User/Documents/Repos/wc checkout Applications checkout Database checkout WebServer/www.mysite.com checkout WebServer/anotherhost.mysite.com checkout WebServer/AnotherApp checkout WebServer/thirdhost.mysite.com checkout WebServer/fourthhost.mysite.com checkout WebServer/WebServices It works, for the most part - but for some reason it has a tendency to stop working after a few repositories, usually right after finishing a repository before going to the next one. When it fails, it will not recover on its own. I've tried commenting out the svn line, it goes in and creates all the directories just fine when I do that - so its not that. I'm looking for direction as well as direct advice. Cygwin has been very stable for me, but I did start using the native rxvt instead of "bash in a cmd.exe window" recently. I don't think that's the problem, as I've left top on remote systems running all night and rxvt didn't seem to mind. Also I haven't done any bash scripting in cygwin so I suppose this might not be recommended; though I can't see why not. I don't want all of WebServer, hence me only checking out certain folders like that. What I suspect is that something is hanging up the svn checkout. Any ideas here? Edit: this time when I hit ctrl+z to cancel out, I forgot I was on Windows and typed ps to see if the job was still running; and as you can see there are lots of svn processes hanging around... strange. Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ jobs [1]- Stopped bash co2.sh [2]+ Stopped ./co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ kill %1 [1]- Stopped bash co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ [1]- Terminated bash co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ ps PID PPID PGID WINPID TTY UID STIME COMMAND 7872 1 7872 2340 0 1000 Jun 29 /usr/bin/svn 7752 1 6140 7828 1 1000 Jun 29 /usr/bin/svn 6192 1 5044 2192 1 1000 Jun 30 /usr/bin/svn 7292 1 7452 1796 1 1000 Jun 30 /usr/bin/svn 6236 1 7304 7468 2 1000 Jul 2 /usr/bin/svn 1564 1 5032 7144 2 1000 Jul 2 /usr/bin/svn 9072 1 3960 6276 3 1000 Jul 3 /usr/bin/svn 5876 1 5876 5876 con 1000 11:22:10 /usr/bin/rxvt 924 5876 924 10192 4 1000 11:22:10 /usr/bin/bash 7212 1 7332 5584 4 1000 13:17:54 /usr/bin/svn 9412 1 5480 8840 4 1000 15:38:16 /usr/bin/svn S 8128 924 8128 9452 4 1000 17:38:05 /usr/bin/bash 9132 8128 8128 8172 4 1000 17:43:25 /usr/bin/svn 3512 1 3512 3512 con 1000 17:43:50 /usr/bin/rxvt I 10200 3512 10200 6616 5 1000 17:43:51 /usr/bin/bash 9732 1 9732 9732 con 1000 17:45:55 /usr/bin/rxvt 3148 9732 3148 8976 6 1000 17:45:55 /usr/bin/bash 5856 3148 5856 876 6 1000 17:51:00 /usr/bin/vim 7736 924 7736 8036 4 1000 17:53:26 /usr/bin/ps Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ jobs [2]+ Stopped ./co2.sh Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ Here's an strace on the PID of the hung svn program, it's been like this for hours. Looks like its just doing nothing. I keep suspecting that some interruption on the server is causing this; does svn have a locking mechanism I'm not aware of? Kyle Hodgson@KyleHodgson-PC ~/winUser/Documents/Repos $ strace -p 7304 ********************************************** Program name: C:\cygwin\bin\svn.exe (pid 7304, ppid 6408) App version: 1005.25, api: 0.156 DLL version: 1005.25, api: 0.156 DLL build: 2008-06-12 19:34 OS version: Windows NT-6.0 Heap size: 402653184 Date/Time: 2009-07-06 18:20:11 **********************************************

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• Tunnel is up but cannot ping directly connected network

  - by drmanalo

  We configured a site-to-site VPN and here is the topology. I control the network on the left but not the one on the right. All devices in our network has public IPs. Server---ASA5505---Cisco887======Internet=====ASA5510---devices I can see the tunnel is up and can do extended ping using a loopback interface. From the 10.175 and 10.165 networks, they can also ping my loopback address. I can also dial in using a Cisco VPN client, and can connect to the devices on the right. #show crypto session Crypto session current status Interface: Vlan3 Profile: xxx-profile Session status: UP-ACTIVE Peer: 213.121.x.x port 500 IKEv1 SA: local 77.245.x.x/500 remote 213.121.x.x/500 Active IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 10.0.20.0/255.255.255.240 10.175.0.0/255.255.128.0 Active SAs: 0, origin: crypto map IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 10.0.20.0/255.255.255.240 10.165.0.0/255.255.192.0 Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map #ping 10.165.29.39 source loopback 2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.165.29.39, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 10.0.20.1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/17/20 ms My problem is the devices on the right cannot reach my server. They could only ping the loopback address and nothing else. I'm pasting some diagnostics related to routing thinking perhaps routing is my issue. I can paste all the running-config on my side of network if needed. #show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol ATM0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Ethernet0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down FastEthernet0 unassigned YES unset up up connected to ASA FastEthernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet3 unassigned YES unset up up Loopback1 10.0.20.65 YES NVRAM up up Loopback2 10.0.20.1 YES NVRAM up up Virtual-Template1 77.245.x.x YES unset up down Virtual-Template2 77.245.x.x YES unset up down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset down down Vlan3 77.245.x.x YES NVRAM up up connected to the Internet #show run | section ip route ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 77.245.x.x ip route 213.121.240.36 255.255.255.255 Vlan3 #show access-list Extended IP access list 102 10 permit ip 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.15 10.175.0.0 0.0.127.255 (3332 matches) 20 permit ip 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.15 10.165.0.0 0.0.63.255 (3498 matches) #show vlan-switch VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active 3 VLAN0003 active Fa0, Fa1, Fa2, Fa3 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup #show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is 77.245.x.x to network 0.0.0.0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 77.245.x.x 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks C 10.0.20.0/28 is directly connected, Loopback2 L 10.0.20.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 10.0.20.64/28 is directly connected, Loopback1 L 10.0.20.65/32 is directly connected, Loopback1 S 10.165.0.0/18 [1/0] via 213.121.x.x 77.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 3 masks S 77.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 77.245.x.x C 77.245.x.x/29 is directly connected, Vlan3 L 77.245.x.x/32 is directly connected, Vlan3 213.121.x.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets S 213.121.x.x is directly connected, Vlan3 I read some of the posts here which lead to NATing issue but I'not sure of my next step. Should I translate my public address to private and route it to the loopback address? (only guessing) CISCO VPN site to site Site-to-Site VPN between two ASA 5505s only working in one direction Hope someone could help. Thanks in advance!

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• Cannot connect to MySQL over TCP locally - Connection Timeout - Ubuntu 9.04

  - by gav

  I am running Ubuntu and am ultimately trying to connect Tomcat to my MySQL database using JDBC. It has worked previously but after a reboot the instance now fails to connect. Both Tomcat 6 and MySQL 5.0.75 are on the same machine Connection string: jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306 I can connect to MySQL on the command line using the mysql command The my.cnf file is pretty standard (Available on request) has bind address: 127.0.0.1 I cannot Telnet to the MySQL port despite netstat saying MySQL is listening I have one IpTables rule to forward 80 - 8080 and no firewall I'm aware of. I'm pretty new to this and I'm not sure what else to test. I don't know whether I should be looking in etc/interfaces and if I did what to look for. It's weird because it used to work but after a reboot it's down so I must have changed something.... :). I realise a timeout indicates the server is not responding and I assume it's because the request isn't actually getting through. I installed MySQL via apt-get and Tomcat manually. MySqld processes root@88:/var/log/mysql# ps -ef | grep mysqld root 21753 1 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 21792 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock root 21793 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 logger -p daemon.err -t mysqld_safe -i -t mysqld root 21888 13676 0 11:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysqld Netstat root@88:/var/log/mysql# netstat -lnp | grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21792/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1926205077 21792/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Toy Connection Class root@88:~# cat TestConnect/TestConnection.java import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestConnection { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { Connection con = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); System.out.println("Got driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306", "uname", "pass"); System.out.println("Got connection"); if(!con.isClosed()) System.out.println("Successfully connected to " + "MySQL server using TCP/IP..."); } finally { if(con != null) con.close(); } } } Toy Connection Class Output Note: This is the same error I get from Tomcat. root@88:~/TestConnect# java -cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar:. TestConnection Got driver Exception in thread "main" com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 1 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at TestConnection.main(TestConnection.java:14) Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:344) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2181) ... 12 more Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ... 13 more Telnet Output root@88:~/TestConnect# telnet localhost 3306 Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out

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• Unauthorized Access Exception using Web Deploy to Site when the site root is a UNC path

  - by Peter LaComb Jr.

  I am trying to use Web Deploy to deploy a site where the Site is rooted on a UNC path instead of a local drive. This is because I want to have a shared configuration, and have all servers point to the same UNC for content. That would allow me to deploy to one server and have all servers updated at the same time. I've created a share with everyone and users read/write. The NTFS permissions have the ID of the appDomain account as full control, and that is the same account that is configured as the specific user in Management Service Delegation. I can log on to the destination server as that ID, access the share and create/delete files. However, I'm getting the following exception in my Microsoft Web Deploy log on the destination server: User: Client IP: 192.168.62.174 Content-Type: application/msdeploy Version: 9.0.0.0 MSDeploy.VersionMin: 7.1.600.0 MSDeploy.VersionMax: 9.0.1631.0 MSDeploy.Method: Sync MSDeploy.RequestId: c060c823-cdb4-4abe-8294-5ffbdc327d2e MSDeploy.RequestCulture: en-US MSDeploy.RequestUICulture: en-US ServerVersion: 9.0.1631.0 Skip: objectName="^configProtectedData$" Provider: auto, Path: A tracing deployment agent exception occurred that was propagated to the client. Request ID 'c060c823-cdb4-4abe-8294-5ffbdc327d2e'. Request Timestamp: '8/23/2012 11:01:56 AM'. Error Details: ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_TO_SITE_FOLDER Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentDetailedUnauthorizedAccessException: Unable to perform the operation ("Create Directory") for the specified directory ("\someserver.mydomain.local\sharename\sitename\applicationName"). This can occur if the server administrator has not authorized this operation for the user credentials you are using. Learn more at: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=221672#ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_TO_SITE_FOLDER. --- Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentException: The error code was 0x80070005. --- System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access to the path '\someserver.mydomain.local\sharename\sitename\applicationName' is denied. at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.NativeMethods.RaiseIOExceptionFromErrorCode(Win32ErrorCode errorCode, String maybeFullPath) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DirectoryEx.CreateDirectory(String path) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DirPathProviderBase.CreateDirectory(String fullPath, DeploymentObject source) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DirPathProviderBase.Add(DeploymentObject source, Boolean whatIf) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.FilePathProviderBase.HandleKnownRetryableExceptions(DeploymentBaseContext baseContext, Int32[] errorsToIgnore, Exception e, String path, String operation) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DirPathProviderBase.Add(DeploymentObject source, Boolean whatIf) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentObject.Add(DeploymentObject source, DeploymentSyncContext syncContext) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentSyncContext.HandleAdd(DeploymentObject destObject, DeploymentObject sourceObject) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentSyncContext.HandleUpdate(DeploymentObject destObject, DeploymentObject sourceObject) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentSyncContext.SyncChildrenNoOrder(DeploymentObject dest, DeploymentObject source) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentSyncContext.SyncChildrenNoOrder(DeploymentObject dest, DeploymentObject source) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentSyncContext.SyncChildrenOrder(DeploymentObject dest, DeploymentObject source) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentSyncContext.ProcessSync(DeploymentObject destinationObject, DeploymentObject sourceObject) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentObject.SyncToInternal(DeploymentObject destObject, DeploymentSyncOptions syncOptions, PayloadTable payloadTable, ContentRootTable contentRootTable, Nullable1 syncPassId) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentAgent.HandleSync(DeploymentAgentAsyncData asyncData, Nullable1 passId) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentAgent.HandleRequestWorker(DeploymentAgentAsyncData asyncData) at Microsoft.Web.Deployment.DeploymentAgent.HandleRequest(DeploymentAgentAsyncData asyncData) This is shown as the following on the console of the machine where I run the deployment: C:\Users\PLaComb"C:\Program Files (x86)\IIS\Microsoft Web Deploy V3\msdeploy.exe" -source:package='C:\Packages\Deployments\applicationName.zip' -dest:auto,computerName='https://SERVERNAME:8172/msdeploy.axd',includeAcls='True' -verb:sync -disableLink:AppPoolExtension -disableLink:ContentExtension -disableLink:CertificateExtension -setParamFile:"C:\Packages\Deployments\applicationName.SetParameters.xml" -allowUntrusted Info: Using ID 'c060c823-cdb4-4abe-8294-5ffbdc327d2e' for connections to the remote server. Info: Adding sitemanifest (sitemanifest). Info: Adding virtual path (JMS/admin) Info: Adding directory (JMS/admin). Error Code: ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_TO_SITE_FOLDER More Information: Unable to perform the operation ("Create Directory") for the specified directory ("\someserver.mydomain.local\sharename\sitename\applicationName"). This can occur if the server administrator has not authorized this operation for the user credentials you are using. Learn more at: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=221672#ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_TO_SITE_FOLDER. Error: The error code was 0x80070005. Error: Access to the path '\someserver.mydomain.local\sharename\sitename\applicationName' is denied. Error count: 1.

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• DNS request timed out. timeout was 2 seconds

  - by sahil007

  i had setup bind dns server on centos. from local lan it will work fine but from remote when i tried to nslookup ..it will give reply like "DNS request timed out...timeout was 2 seconds." what is the problem? this is my bind config---- // Red Hat BIND Configuration Tool options { directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; query-source address * port 53; }; controls { inet 127.0.0.1 allow {localhost; } keys {rndckey; }; }; acl internals { 127.0.0.0/8; 192.168.0.0/24; 10.0.0.0/8; }; view "internal" { match-clients { internals; }; recursion yes; zone "mydomain.com" { type master; file "mydomain.com.zone"; }; zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.zone"; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.root"; }; zone "localdomain." IN { type master; file "localdomain.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "localhost." IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa." IN { type master; file "named.local"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa." I N { type master; file "named.ip6.local"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa." IN { type master; file "named.broadcast"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa." IN { type master; file "named.zero"; allow-update { none; }; }; }; view "external" { match-clients { any; }; recursion no; zone "mydomain.com" { type master; file "mydomain.com.zone"; // file "/var/named/chroot/var/named/mydomain.com.zone"; }; zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.zone"; }; }; include "/etc/rndc.key";

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• Users suddenly missing write permissions to the root drive c within an active directory domain

  - by Kevin

  I'm managing an active directory single domain environment on some Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012 machines. Since a few weeks I got a strange issue. Some users (not all!) report that they cannot any longer save, copy or write files to the root drive c, whether on their clients (vista, win 7) nor via remote desktop connection on a Windows Server 2008 machine. Even running programs that require direct write permissions to the root drive without administrator permissions fail to do so since then. The affected users have local administrator permissions. The question I'm facing now is: What caused this change of system behavior? Why did this happen? I didn't find out yet. What was the last thing I did before it happened? The last action that was made before it happened was the rollout of a GPO containing network drive mappings for the users depending on their security group membership. All network drives are located on a linux server with samba enabled. We did not change any UAC settings, and they have always been activated. However I can't imagine that rolling out this GPO caused the problem. Has anybody faced an issue like that? Just in case: I know that it is for a specific reason that an user without administrative privileges is prevented from writing to the root drive since windows vista and the implementation of UAC. I don't think that those users should be able to write to drive c, but I try to figure out why this is happening and a few weeks ago this was still working. I also know that a user who is a member of the local administrators group does not execute anything with administrator permissions per default unless he or she executes a program with this permissions. What did I do yet? I checked the permissions of the affected programs, the affected clients/server. Didn't find something special. I checked ALL of our GPOs if there exist any restrictions that could prevent the affected users from writing to the root drive. Did not find any settings. I checked the UAC settings of the affected users and compared those to other users that still can write to the root drive. Everything similar. I googled though the internet and tried to find someone who had a similar problem. Did not find one. Has anybody an idea? Thank you very much. Edit: The GPO that was rolled out does the following (Please excuse if the settings are not named exactly like that, I translated the settings into english): **Windows Settings -- Network Drive Mappings -- Drive N: -- General:** Action: Replace **Properties:** Letter: N Location: \\path-to-drive\drivename Re-Establish connection: deactivated Label as: Name_of_the_Share Use first available Option: deactivated **Windows Settings -- Network Drive Mappings -- Drive N: -- Public: Options:** On error don't process any further elements for this extension: no Run as the logged in user: no remove element if it is not applied anymore: no Only apply once: no **Securitygroup:** Attribute -- Value bool -- AND not -- 0 name -- domain\groupname sid -- sid-of-the-group userContext -- 1 primaryGroup -- 0 localGroup -- 0 **Securitygroup:** Attribute -- Value bool -- OR not -- 0 name -- domain\another-groupname sid -- sid-of-the-group userContext -- 1 primaryGroup -- 0 localGroup -- 0 Edit: The Error-Message of an affected users says the following: Due to an unexpected error you can't copy the file. Error-Code 0x80070522: The client is missing a required permission. The command icacls C: shows the following: NT-AUTORITY\SYSTEM:(OI)(CI)(F) PRE-DEFINED\Administrators:(OI)(CI)(F) computername\username:(OI)(CI)(F) A college just told me that also the primary domain-controller (PDC) changed from Windows Server 2008 to Windows Server 2012. That also may be a reason. Any suggestions?

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• Replicate between mysql 5.0.xx community and enterprise edition over ssh

  - by Arlukin

  I'm trying to setup a mysql replication over an SSH tunnel. The odd thing about this setup is that I have one master with mysql 5.0.60sp1-enterprise-gpl-log and one slave with mysql 5.0.67-community-log. Could it be so that it's not possible to replicate between community and enterprise edition? As you can see in my log below, it's possible to login on the remote server with the mysql client. But the replication get "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (13)" Is it any log file I have forgotten to look in, to get more info? [root@mysql1-av ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 73 Server version: 5.0.67-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. The version of the slave mysql [root@mysql1-av ~]# autossh -f -M 20001 -L 3307:10.200.200.200:3306 [email protected] -N [root@mysql1-av ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 --port 3307 -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5189 Server version: 5.0.60sp1-enterprise-gpl-log MySQL Enterprise Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> Aborted Login to the master mysql with the mysql client over the ssh tunnel. [root@mysql1-av ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 75 Server version: 5.0.67-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> change master to master_host='127.0.0.1', MASTER_PORT=3307, master_user='xxxx', master_password='xxxx', master_log_file='bin.000001'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: replNSG Master_Port: 3307 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Log_File: relay.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 98 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Log_Space: 98 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Start the replication, but it breaks on IO. [root@mysql1-av ~]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log 120921 22:17:59 [Note] Slave I/O thread killed while connecting to master 120921 22:17:59 [Note] Slave I/O thread exiting, read up to log 'bin.000001', position 4 120921 22:17:59 [Note] Error reading relay log event: slave SQL thread was killed 120921 22:29:36 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, starting replication in log 'bin.000001' at position 4, relay log '/var/lib/mysql/relay.000001' position: 4 120921 22:29:36 [ERROR] Slave I/O thread: error connecting to master '[email protected]:3307': Error: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (13)' errno: 2003 retry-time: 60 retries: 86400 Because it can't connect to the master server.

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• ESXI guests not using available CPU resources

  - by Alan M

  I have a VMWare ESXI 5.0.0 (it's a bit old, I know) host with three guest VMs on it. For reasons unknown, the guests will not use much of the availble CPU resources. I have all three guests in a single pool, with the hosts all configured to use the same amount of resource shares, so they're basically 33% each. The three guests are basically identically configured as far as their VM resources go. So the problem is, even when the guests are performing what should be very 'busy' activitites, such as at bootup, the actual host CPU consumed is something tiny, like 33mhz, when seen via vSphere console's "Virtual Machines" tab when viewing properties for the pool. And of course, the performance of the guest VMs is terrible. The host has plenty of CPU to spare. I've tried tinkering with individual guest VM resource settings; cranking up the reservation, etc. No matter. The guests just refuse to make use of the abundant CPU available to them, and insist on using a sliver of the available resources. Any suggestions? Update after reading various comments below Per the suggestions below, I did remove the guests from the application pool; this didn't make any difference. I do understand that the guests are not going to consume resources they do not need. I have tried to do a remote perfmon on the guest which is experiencing long boot times, but I cannot connect to the guest remotely with perfmon (guest is w2k8r2 server). Host graphs for CPU, Mem, Disk are basically flatlining; very little demand. Same is true for the guest stats; while the guest itself seems to be crawling, the guest resource graphing shows very little activity across CPU, Mem, Disk. Host is a Dell PowerEdge 2900, has 2 physical CPU,20gb RAM. (it's a test/dev environment using surplus gear) Guest1 has: VM ver. 7, 2vCPU, 4gb RAM, 140gb storage which lives on a RAID-5 array on the host. Guest2 has: VM ver. 7, 2vCPU, 4gb RAM, 140gb storage which lives on a RAID-5 array on the host. Guest3 has: VM ver. 7, 1vCPU, 2gb RAM, 2tb storage which lives on a RAID-5 ISCSI NAS box Perhaps I am making a false assumption that if a guest has a demand for CPU (e.g. Windows Task Manager shows 100% CPU), the host would supply the guest with more CPU (mem, disk) on demand. Another Update After checking the stats, it would appear that the host is indeed not busy at all, neither is the guest. I believe I have a good idea on the issue, though; a messed-up VMWare Tools install. The guest has VMware Tools on it, but the host says it does not. VMWare Tools refuses to uninstall, refuses to be upgraded, refuses to be recognized. While I cannot say with authority, this would appear to be something worth investigation. I do not know the origin of the guest itself, nor the specifics on the original VMWare Tools install. Following various bits of googling, I did come up with a few suggestions that went nowhere. To that end, I was going to delete this question, but was prompted not to do so since so many folks answered. My suspicion right now is; the problem truly is the guest; the guest is not making a demand on the host, and as a natural result, the host is treating the guest accordingly. My Final Update I am 99% certain the guest VM had something fundamentally wrong with it re VMWare Tools. I created a clone of a different VM with a near-identical OS config, but a properly working install of VMWare tools. The guest runs just great, and takes up it's allotment of resources when it needs to; e.g. it eats up about 850mhz CPU during startup, then ticks down to idle once the guest OS is stable.

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• Excel: conditionally format a cell using the format of another, content-matching cell

  - by Eric A. Meyer

  I have an Excel spreadsheet where I’d like to be able to create a “key” of formatted cells with unique values, and then in another sheet format cells using the key formatting. So for example, my key is as follows, with one value per cell and the visual formatting indicated in parentheses: A (red background) B (green background) C (blue background) So that’s on one sheet (or in a remote corner of the current sheet—whichever is better). Then, in an area that I mark for conditional formatting, I can type one of those three letters and have the cell where I typed it visually formatted according to the key. So if I type a “B” into one of the conditionally formatted cells, it gets a green background. (Note that I’m using backgrounds here solely for ease of explanation: ideally I want to have all visual formatting copied over, whether it’s foreground color, background color, font weight, borders, or whatever. But I’ll take what I can get, obviously.) And—just to make it extra-tricky—if I change the formatting in the key, that change should be reflected in cells that reference the key. Thus, if I change the “B” formatting in the key from a green background to a purple background, any “B” in the main sheet should switch to the new color. Similarly, it should be possible to add or remove values from the key and have those changes applied to the main data set. I’m okay with the formatting-update-on-key-change being triggered by clicking a button or something. I suspect that if any of this is possible it will require VBA, but I’ve never used it so I’ve no idea where to start if that’s the case. I’m hoping it’s possible without VBA. I know it’s possible to just use multiple conditional formats, but my use case here is that I’m trying to create the above-described capability for someone who isn’t conversant with conditional formatting. I’d like to let them be able to define a key, update it if necessary, and keep on truckin’ without me having to rewrite the spreadsheet’s formatting rules for them. --- UPDATE --- So I think I was a bit unclear about my original request. Let me try again with an image. The image shows the “key” on the left, where values and styles are defined using keyboard and mouse input. On the right, you see the data that should be formatted to match the key. Thus if I type a “C” into a cell in the Data area, it should be blue-backed. Furthermore, if I change the formatting of “C” in the Key to have a purple background, all the “C” cells should switch from blue to purple. For further craziness, if I add more to the Key (say, “D” with a yellow background) then any “D” cells will be styled to match; if I remove a Key entry, then matching values in the Data area should revert to default styling. So. Is that more clear? Is it possible, in whole or in part? I don’t have to use conditional formatting for this; in fact, at this point I suspect I probably shouldn’t. But I’m open to any approach!

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• Pfsense 2.1 OpenVPN can't reach servers on the LAN

  - by Lucas Kauffman

  I have a small network set up like this: I have a Pfsense for connecting my servers to the WAN, they are using NAT from the LAN - WAN. I have an OpenVPN server using TAP to allow remote workers to be put on the same LAN network as the servers. They connect through the WAN IP to the OVPN interface. The LAN interface also servers as the gateway for the servers to get internet connection and has an IP of 10.25.255.254 The OVPN Interface and the LAN interface are bridged in BR0 Server A has an IP of 10.25.255.1 and is able to connect the internet Client A is connecting through the VPN and is assigned an IP address on its TAP interface of 10.25.24.1 (I reserved a /24 within the 10.25.0.0/16 for VPN clients) Firewall currently allows any-any connection OVPN towards LAN and vice versa Currently when I connect, all routes seem fine on the client side: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.25.0.0 10.25.255.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 10.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I can ping the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.254 PING 10.25.255.254 (10.25.255.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=7.65 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=7.49 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=7.69 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=7.31 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=7.52 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=7.42 ms But I can't ping past the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.1 PING 10.25.255.1 (10.25.255.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) I ran a tcpdump on my em1 interface (LAN interface which has the IP of 10.25.255.254) tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 08:21:13.449222 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 10, length 64 08:21:13.458211 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:14.450541 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 11, length 64 08:21:14.458431 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:15.451794 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 12, length 64 08:21:15.458530 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:16.453203 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 13, length 64 So traffic is reaching the LAN interface, but it's not getting passed it. But no answer from the 10.25.255.1 host. I'm not sure what I'm missing.

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• Is the Cloud ready for an Enterprise Java web application? Seeking a JEE hosting advice.

  - by Jakub Holý

  Greetings to all the smart people around here! I'd like to ask whether it is feasible or a good idea at all to deploy a Java enterprise web application to a Cloud such as Amazon EC2. More exactly, I'm looking for infrastructure options for an application that shall handle few hundred users with long but neither CPU nor memory intensive sessions. I'm considering dedicated servers, virtual private servers (VPSs) and EC2. I've noticed that there is a project called JBoss Cloud so people are working on enabling such a deployment, on the other hand it doesn't seem to be mature yet and I'm not sure that the cloud is ready for this kind of applications, which differs from the typical cloud-based applications like Twitter. Would you recommend to deploy it to the cloud? What are the pros and cons? The application is a Java EE 5 web application whose main function is to enable users to compose their own customized Product by combining the available Parts. It uses stateless and stateful session beans and JPA for persistence of entities to a RDBMS and fetches information about Parts from the company's inventory system via a web service. Aside of external users it's used also by few internal ones, who are authenticated against the company's LDAP. The application should handle around 300-400 concurrent users building their product and should be reasonably scalable and available though these qualities are only of a medium importance at this stage. I've proposed an architecture consisting of a firewall (FW) and load balancer supporting sticky sessions and https (in the Cloud this would be replaced with EC2's Elastic Load Balancing service and FW on the app. servers, in a physical architecture the load-balancer would be a HW), then two physical clustered application servers combined with web servers (so that if one fails, a user doesn't loose his/her long built product) and finally a database server. The DB server would need a slave backup instance that can replace the master instance if it fails. This should provide reasonable availability and fault tolerance and provide good scalability as long as a single RDBMS can keep with the load, which should be OK for quite a while because most of the operations are done in the memory using a stateful bean and only occasionally stored or retrieved from the DB and the amount of data is low too. A problematic part could be the dependency on the remote inventory system webservice but with good caching of its outputs in the application it should be OK too. Unfortunately I've only vague idea of the system resources (memory size, number and speed of CPUs/cores) that such an "average Java EE application" for few hundred users needs. My rough and mostly unfounded estimate based on actual Amazon offerings is that 1.7GB and a single, 2-core "modern CPU" with speed around 2.5GHz (the High-CPU Medium Instance) should be sufficient for any of the two application servers (since we can handle higher load by provisioning more of them). Alternatively I would consider using the Large instance (64b, 7.5GB RAM, 2 cores at 1GHz) So my question is whether such a deployment to the cloud is technically and financially feasible or whether dedicated/VPS servers would be a better option and whether there are some real-world experiences with something similar. Thank you very much! /Jakub Holy PS: I've found the JBoss EAP in a Cloud Case Study that shows that it is possible to deploy a real-world Java EE application to the EC2 cloud but unfortunately there're no details regarding topology, instance types, or anything :-(

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• Can't send commands via SSH to Juniper firewalls

  - by Massimo

  I have some Juniper SSG firewalls which I need to manage, and I'd like to be able to send commands to them from some monitoring scripts. I configured SSH access using public keys, and I'm able to automatically login to the firewalls. When I run SSH interactively, everything works fine: $ssh <firewall IP> FIREWALL-> <command> <command output> FIREWALL-> exit Connection to <firewall IP> closed. $ But when I try to run the command from the command line, it doesn't work: $ssh <firewall IP> <command> $ This, of course, works fine when sending a command to a remote Linux box: $ssh <linux box IP> <command> <command output> $ Why is this happening? What is the difference between running SSH interactively and specifying the command to run on the SSH command line? Update: It also works fine with a Cisco router. Only these Juniper firewalls seem to behave this way. From the debug output from SSH, it looks like the connection gets established correctly, but the Juniper box replies with an EOF when sending the command, while instead the Linux box replies with the actual command output: Linux: debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug1: Sending command: uptime debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 0 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 131072 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 16:44:44 up 25 days, 1:06, 3 users, load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.01 debug2: channel 0: rcvd eof debug2: channel 0: output open -> drain debug2: channel 0: obuf empty debug2: channel 0: close_write debug2: channel 0: output drain -> closed debug2: channel 0: rcvd close debug2: channel 0: close_read debug2: channel 0: input open -> closed debug2: channel 0: almost dead debug2: channel 0: gc: notify user debug2: channel 0: gc: user detached debug2: channel 0: send close debug2: channel 0: is dead debug2: channel 0: garbage collecting debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug1: Transferred: stdin 0, stdout 0, stderr 0 bytes in 0.1 seconds debug1: Bytes per second: stdin 0.0, stdout 0.0, stderr 0.0 debug1: Exit status 0 Juniper: debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug1: Sending command: get system debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 0 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 2048 rmax 1024 debug2: channel 0: rcvd eof debug2: channel 0: output open -> drain debug2: channel 0: obuf empty debug2: channel 0: close_write debug2: channel 0: output drain -> closed debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd close debug2: channel 0: close_read debug2: channel 0: input open -> closed debug2: channel 0: almost dead debug2: channel 0: gc: notify user debug2: channel 0: gc: user detached debug2: channel 0: send close debug2: channel 0: is dead debug2: channel 0: garbage collecting debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug1: Transferred: stdin 0, stdout 0, stderr 0 bytes in 0.2 seconds debug1: Bytes per second: stdin 0.0, stdout 0.0, stderr 0.0 debug1: Exit status 1

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• Why wireless adatper stop to work?

  - by AndreaNobili

  today I correctly installed the driver for the TP-LINK TL-WN725N USB wireless adapter on my RaspBerry Pi (I use RaspBian that is a Debian), then I setted up the wifi using the wpa-supplicant as explained in this tutorial: http://www.maketecheasier.com/setup-wifi-on-raspberry-pi/ This worked fine untill this evening. Then suddenly it stopped to work when I try to connect in SSH and the Raspberry is on the wireless (or rather it should be, as this is not in the list of my router's DHCP connected Client) The strange thing is that the USB wirless adapter blink so I think that this is not a driver problem. If I try to connect it by the ethernet I have no problem. It appear in my router's DHCP connected Client and I can connect to it by SSH. When I connect to it using ethernet if I perform an ifconfig command I obtain: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 inet addr:192.168.1.9 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6006 (5.8 KiB) TX bytes:8268 (8.0 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:94:f6:19:80:4c UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So it seems that the wlan0 USB wireless adapter driver is correctly loaded. If I remove the USB wireless adapter and put it again into the USB port, the lasts lines of dmesg log is: [ 20.303172] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: hardware isn't capable of remote wakeup [ 20.306340] RTL871X: set bssid:00:00:00:00:00:00 [ 20.306726] RTL871X: set ssid [g\xffffffc6isQ\xffffffffJ\xffffffec)\xffffffcd\xffffffba\xffffffba\xffffffab\xfffffff2\xfffffffb\xffffffe3F|\xffffffc2T\xfffffff8\x1b\xffffffe8\xffffffe7\xffffff8dvZ.c3\xffffff9f\xffffffc9\xffffff9a\xffffff9aD\xffffffa7\x1a\xffffffa0\x1a\xffffff8b] fw_state=0x00000008 [ 21.614585] RTL871X: indicate disassoc [ 21.908495] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1 [ 25.006282] Adding 102396k swap on /var/swap. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:102396k SSFS [ 26.247997] RTL871X: nolinked power save enter As you can see some of these line are related to the RTL871X that is my USB wireless adapter, but I don't know is that these line report an error or if it is all ok. Looking at the adapter status I obtain: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ip link list dev wlan0 3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT qlen 1000 link/ether e8:94:f6:19:80:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff As you can see the mode is DORMANT but I think that this is normal because now I am connected using ethernet. I tryied to set up the adapter but it seems that I obtain no result, infact: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ip link set dev wlan0 up pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ip link list dev wlan0 3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT qlen 1000 link/ether e8:94:f6:19:80:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ip link set dev wlan0 up This is my /etc/network/interfaces file content and it is ok: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp and it is the /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf that I think is ok (I did not change it compared to when it worked): ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="MY-NETWORK" psk="mypassword" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK } and infact if I execute a network scan I correctly find MY-NETWORK in the network list,infact: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID ESSID:"TeleTu_74888B0060AD" ESSID:"MY-NETWORK" ESSID:"FASTWEB-1-PT6NtjL4TOSe" ESSID:"DC" So I reboot the system and I remove the ethernet cable but when I try to connect again to my raspberry I obatin the following error message: andrea@andrea-virtual-machine:~$ sudo ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.1.9 port 22: No route to host It seems that it can't connect using wireless. What could be the problem? What am I missing? How can I solve this situation? Tnx

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• Why is Automator crashing on launch?

  - by zbrimhall

  I've run into an odd problem where Automtor.app on Snow Leopard crashes on launch. At some point in the past, I put a copy of iPhoto.app into my public directory to copy over to another machine. Now, Automator.app won't run unless my public directory has a copy of iPhoto.app in it. If I remove it, Automator.app crashes on launch. Here's what happens: Launch Automator.app After the Automator menu bar appears, but before any windows appear, I get the dreaded beach ball for a few seconds Automator crashes Here's the output from Console.app: 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Add Movie to iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Get iDVD Slideshow Images” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Initiate Remote Broadcast” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Broadcaster” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Movie Sequence” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Slideshow” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New QuickTime Slideshow” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set iDVD Background Image” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set iDVD Button Face” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie Annotations” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie Playback Properties” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie URL” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Show Main iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path The value %@ is invalid.: The file “The value %@ is invalid.” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path /Users/brimhall/Public/iPhoto.app: The file “iPhoto.app” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path The value %@ is invalid.: The file “The value %@ is invalid.” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:26 PM Automator[11736] -[NSAttributeDictionary length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x49c770 12/26/09 2:11:26 PM Automator[11736] -[NSAttributeDictionary length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x49c770 12/26/09 2:11:38 PM com.apple.launchd.peruser.501[203] ([0x0-0x2ad2ad].com.apple.Automator[11736]) Job appears to have crashed: Segmentation fault I've tried deleting my Automator.app Preferences file and Application Support directory to get it to look for iPhoto.app in the system-wide Applications directory, but to no avail. Any suggestions on how I can get things working as normal?

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• Unable to connect to OpenVPN server

  - by Incognito

  I'm trying to get a working setup of OpenVPN on my VM and authenticate into it from a client. I'm not sure but it looks to me like it's socket related, as it's not set to LISTEN, and localhost seems wrong. I've never set up VPN before. # netstat -tulpn | grep vpn Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1194 0.0.0.0:* 24059/openvpn I don't think this is set up correctly. Here's some detail into what I've done. I have a VPS from MediaTemple: These are my interfaces before starting openvpn: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) TX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.1 P-t-P:127.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4885284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4679884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:835278537 (835.2 MB) TX bytes:1989289617 (1.9 GB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:205.[redacted] P-t-P:205.186.148.82 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 I've followed this guide on setting up a basic server and getting a .p12 file, however, I was receiving an error that stated /dev/net/tun was missing, so I created it mkdir -p /dev/net mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200 chmod 600 /dev/net/tun This resolved the error preventing the service from launching, however, I am unable to connect. On the server I've set up the myserver.conf file (as per the tutorial) to indicate local 127.0.0.1 (I've also attempted with the public IP address, perhaps I don't understand what they mean by local IP?). The server launches without error, this is what the log looks like when it starts: Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.3 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Mar 11 2011 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /usr/bin/openssl-vulnkey -q -b 1024 -m <modulus omitted> Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.1 pointopoint 10.8.0.2 mtu 1500 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 GID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:1194 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [undef] Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed This creates a tun0 interface that looks like this: tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) And the netstat command still indicates the state is not set to LISTEN. On the client-side I've installed the p12 certs onto two devices (one is an android tablet, the other is an Ubuntu desktop). I don't see port 1194 as open either. Both clients install the cert files and then ask me for the L2TP secret (which was set on the file), but then they oddly ask me for a username and a password, which I don't know where I could possibly get those from. I attempted all of my logins, and some whacky guesses that were frantically pulling at straws. If there's any more information I could provide let me know.

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• How to prevent delays associated with IPv6 AAAA records?

  - by Nic

  Our Windows servers are registering IPv6 AAAA records with our Windows DNS servers. However, we don't have IPv6 routing enabled on our network, so this frequently causes stall behaviours. Microsoft RDP is the worst offender. When connecting to a server that has a AAAA record in DNS, the remote desktop client will try IPv6 first, and won't fall back to IPv4 until the connection times out. Power users can work around this by connecting to the IP address directly. Resolving the IPv4 address with ping -4 hostname.foo always works instantly. What can I do to avoid this delay? Disable IPv6 on client? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Too many clients to ensure this is set everywhere consistently. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Disable IPv6 on the server? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Requires an inconvenient registry hack to disable the entire IPv6 stack. Ensuring this is correctly set on all servers is inconvenient. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Mask IPv6 records on the user-facnig DNS recursor? Nope, we're using NLNet Unbound and it doesn't support that. Prevent registration of IPv6 AAAA records on the Microsoft DNS server? I don't think that's even possible. At this point, I'm considering writing a script that purges all AAAA records from our DNS zones. Please, help me find a better way. UPDATE: DNS resolution is not the problem. As @joeqwerty points out in his answer, the DNS records are returned instantly. Both A and AAAA records are immediately available. The problem is that some clients (mstsc.exe) will preferentially attempt a connection over IPv6, and take a while to fall back to IPv4. This seems like a routing problem. The ping command produces a "General failure" error message because the destination address is unroutable. C:\Windows\system32>ping myhost.mydomain Pinging myhost.mydomain [2002:1234:1234::1234:1234] with 32 bytes of data: General failure. General failure. General failure. General failure. Ping statistics for 2002:1234:1234::1234:1234: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), I can't get a packet capture of this behaviour. Running this (failing) ping command does not produce any packets in Microsoft Network Monitor. Similarly, attempting a connection with mstsc.exe to a host with an AAAA record produces no traffic until it does a fallback to IPv4. UPDATE: Our hosts are all using publicly-routable IPv4 addresses. I think this problem might come down to a broken 6to4 configuration. 6to4 behaves differently on hosts with public IP addresses vs RFC1918 addresses. UPDATE: There is definitely something fishy with 6to4 on my network. When I disable 6to4 on the Windows client, connections resolve instantly. netsh int ipv6 6to4 set state disabled But as @joeqwerty says, this only masks the problem. I'm still trying to find out why IPv6 communication on our network is completely non-working.

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• DNS lookups failing somewhere between firewall and router

  - by TessellatingHeckler

  we have a setup of ADSL line - Cisco 837 ADSL router - Zyxel ZyWall 35 firewall/NAT - Switch == Intel load balanced NICS in a server. It has been fine for years, suddenly DNS resolution stopped working on the server. No changes that I know of, so I can't work backwards from there. It was configured with the ISP's DNS servers, neither network device does DNS relaying. Wireshark shows the request go out but nothing comes back. The server networking stack seems OK though, because if we query an internal DNS server on a remote site, that works. I can logon to the Cisco, and DNS resolves OK from the command line. I can logon to the ZyWall, and DNS does not resolve from the command line. So the problem seems to be the firewall, patch cable or router, yes? On the router: interface Ethernet0 ip address aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd 255.255.255.ddd ip tcp adjust-mss 1450 hold-queue 100 out On the firewall: DNS server set to 8.8.8.8 (Google's), DNS traffic allowed LAN-WAN. What else should I look for? Update: Following This guide I've got traffic logging on the Cisco. I have also got access to a public DNS server which I can run tcpdump on to see things from the other side. And as per the below comments, I've tested with Dig and see that DNS over TCP works, and over UDP does not. Currently: DNS request from the server using TCP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, and in tcpdump on the DNS server, the answer comes back, it works fine. DNS request from the server using UDP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, does NOT show in tcpdump on the DNS server, times out. DNS request from the cisco (using UDP) does show up in tcpdump on the DNS server, answer received, works fine. Ping requests from the server and the cisco to the DNS server show up in tcpdump on the DNS server. DNS request from the server using UDP does show up on the firewall. Summary: TCP seems fine throughought. UDP works over the ADSL and to the Cisco, and it works from the server to the Cisco, but it doesn't cross the Cisco properly, it seems. I did see the Cisco showing as connected at 10Mb/full-duplex internally, and the firewall showing as 100Mb/full-duplex externally. I have forced the firewall to 10Mb and rebooted both devices. That seemed to help get UDP traffic (server-firewall-cisco) instead of (server-firewall), but did not fix it. Update: Sanitized Cisco config: version 12.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname cisco ! logging queue-limit 100 enable secret 5 {password} enable password 7 {password} ! ip subnet-zero ip domain name example.org ip name-server {nameserver_IP} ! ! ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 no ftp-server write-enable ! interface Ethernet0 ip address {Inside_public_IP} 255.255.255.248 ip tcp adjust-mss 1460 hold-queue 100 out ! interface ATM0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive pvc 0/38 encapsulation aal5mux ppp dialer dialer pool-member 1 ! dsl operating-mode auto ! interface Dialer1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer idle-timeout 0 dialer persistent no cdp enable ppp chap hostname {ADSL_Username} ppp chap password 7 {ADSL_Password} ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! access-list 23 permit {IP} dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run snmp-server enable traps tty ! {con, vty} end

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• Configuring CESoPSN using Cisco MWR 2941

  - by Rayne

  I'm trying to configure CESoPSN on two Cisco MWR 2941 routers, but the alarm LED lights are always lit. My configuration is modeled after this sample configuration. My setup is as follows: On the Cisco MWRs, E1 0/5 is configured to be CESoPSN, E1 0/9 is configured to be CESoPSN (CAS mode), and E1 0/7 is configured to be SAToP. The two MWRs are connected to each other via the GigabitEthernet port 0/2. The GigE ports are configured as a vlan because the ports are L2 ports and cannot be assigned an IP address directly. The two Cisco MWRs are connected to a traffic simulator, i.e. the traffic simulator will play out E1 traffic to MWR 1 and record the output traffic from MWR 2. On my traffic simulator, when it's connected to the E1 ports 0/5 and 0/9 (both CESoPSN configurations), the "Remote" alarm is on. However, when connected to the E1 ports 0/7 (SAToP configuration), no alarms were on. The GigE connection seems to be working fine (both LED lights on the 2 ports are green). The SAToP configuration seems to be fine too (Left LED is green, right LED is off on both E1 0/7 ports). However, both CESoPSN configurations seem to be not working (Left LED is green, right LED is yellow on both E1 0/5 and 0/9 ports). I don't know if there's anything wrong with my configuration for the CESoPSN, as I'm very new to this. The relevant portions of the configuration are as follows: MWR 1: controller E1 0/5 clock source internal cem-group 5 timeslots 1-31 description E1 CESoPSN example ! controller E1 0/7 clock source internal cem-group 7 unframed description E1 SATOP example ! controller E1 0/9 mode cas clock source internal cem-group 9 timeslots 1-24 description E1 CESoPSN CAS example ! interface Loopback0 ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 100 mpls ip ! interface CEM0/5 no ip address cem 5 xconnect 30.30.30.2 305 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/7 no ip address cem 7 xconnect 30.30.30.2 307 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/9 no ip address cem 9 signaling inband-cas xconnect 30.30.30.2 309 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface Vlan100 ip address 50.50.50.1 255.255.255.0 no ptp enable mpls ip ! no ip classless ip forward-protocol nd ip route 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.255 50.50.50.2 ! MWR 2: controller E1 0/5 clock source internal cem-group 5 timeslots 1-31 description E1 CESoPSN example ! controller E1 0/7 clock source internal cem-group 7 unframed ! controller E1 0/9 mode cas clock source internal cem-group 9 timeslots 1-24 description E1 CESoPSN CAS example ! interface Loopback0 ip address 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 100 mpls ip ! interface CEM0/5 no ip address cem 5 xconnect 30.30.30.1 305 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/7 no ip address cem 7 xconnect 30.30.30.1 307 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/9 no ip address cem 9 signaling inband-cas xconnect 30.30.30.1 309 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface Vlan100 ip address 50.50.50.2 255.255.255.0 no ptp enable mpls ip ! no ip classless ip forward-protocol nd ip route 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255 50.50.50.1 ! If anyone is familiar with CESoPSN configurations, please advise.

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• Server Admin is not allowing me to configure DNS

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  We have a Mac OS X 10.5.8 Server running DNS (and a few other services). When I connect to it (using Server Admin 10.5.3 [which comes from the Server Admin 10.5.7 tools]), and click to look at the DNS settings, all appears normal -- it shows many reverse entries and two top-level domains. However, when I select one of our domains and open the disclosure triangle, the list is empty! [There should be over a dozen entries, and the reverse entries do show up.] If I then tell it I want to add, say, an A Record to the domain, almost everything disappears -- and I am left with a list showing our two domains, one with a disclosure triangle underneath it showing a single entry, and one reverse entry to correspond to the new A record. named appears to be working fine. DNS names resolve. It appears to simply be that Server Admin is having problems with the data on the computer. No one here would have manually created a DNS entry. Now, while I think I've backed up the DNS (I backed up /var/named/, /etc/named.conf, and /etc/dns/, as mentioned here), I'm really not sure if just replacing the files would restore the DNS settings we have if things go south. I am contemplating going to settings and changing the log level from "Information" to "Debug", but 1) I am just a little concerned that it might write a bad configuration to the disk, and 2) I think it would only affect named and not Server Admin, and, so far as I can tell, named is not having a problem. (Nothing looks strange in /Library/Logs/named.log when I open it via Console/Terminal. Oddly, though, when I click on the 'log' button for DNS in Server Admin, I see no text at all, just a fully white window. When I look at one of our secondary DNS servers, I am able to see the log file through Server Admin.) This entry appears in the system log when I run Server Admin on the server: Jun 17 09:02:08 od1 Server Admin[3892]: Unexpected call to doMarkConfigurationAsDirty by 'DNS' plugin during updateConfigurationViewFromDescription It seems to occur after I've looked at DNS, look at another service, and then click back on DNS. Think that the most likely cause is a corrupt configuration file, I glanced through all the files that I backed up, and none of them is obviously gobbledygook. Here are some oddities I find when running Server Admin from a remote computer to manage the DNS. When I click to see the log file for DNS, the server starts writing messages like these to its system.log: Jun 17 09:59:04 od1 kernel[0]: Limiting open port RST response from 252 to 250 packets per second Jun 17 09:59:06 od1 kernel[0]: Limiting open port RST response from 258 to 250 packets per second This stops when I click on a different service. The inderterminate progress indicator (the spinning wheel that appears beside the "Revert" and "Save" buttons in the bottom-right corner of Server Admin) looks really strange. As far as I can tell, instead of just spinning and waiting, it is being told to start spinning repeatedly, resulting in a jerky animation. Here are some of the messages being logged on the computer running Server Admin: At startup: *** ERROR: -[GRAxes computeLayout]:1124 - plotRect height = 0.000000 <= 0.0 *** *** ERROR: -[GRChartView computeLayout]:1194 - Layout for overlay axes (0x18758f50) failed. *** (These messages don't concern me too much as they go away for a while if you delete ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.ServerAdmin.plist). At shutdown: 2010-06-17 10:02:17.202 Server Admin[7770:10b] *** -[GroupTextField windowDidResignKey:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x16e12490 More concerning are these messages: 2010-06-17 09:59:47.269 Server Admin[7770:10b] Unexpected call to doMarkConfigurationAsDirty by 'DNS' plugin during updateConfigurationViewFromDescription Server Admin(7770,0xb0453000) malloc: *** error for object 0x1c115390: double free *** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug 2010-06-17 10:01:00.795 Server Admin[7770:10b] *** -[ServiceEntry sessionHost]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x2af500 Any thoughts on: what the problem is how I can troubleshoot it or how to fix it? If I do need to wipe out DNS and restart, is there a good way to do this?

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• simple and reliable centralized logging inside Amazon VPC

  - by Nakedible

  I need to set up centralized logging for a set of servers (10-20) in an Amazon VPC. The logging should be as to not lose any log messages in case any single server goes offline - or in the case that an entire availability zone goes offline. It should also tolerate packet loss and other normal network conditions without losing or duplicating messages. It should store the messages durably, at the minimum on two different EBS volumes in two availability zones, but S3 is a good place as well. It should also be realtime so that the messages arrive within seconds of their generation to two different availability zones. I also need to sync logfiles not generated via syslog, so a syslog-only centralized logging solution would not fulfill all the needs, although I guess that limitation could be worked around. I have already reviewed a few solutions, and I will list them here: Flume to Flume to S3: I could set up two logservers as Flume hosts which would store log messages either locally or in S3, and configure all the servers with Flume to send all messages to both servers, using the end-to-end reliability options. That way the loss of a single server shouldn't cause lost messages and all messages would arrive in two availability zones in realtime. However, there would need to be some way to join the logs of the two servers, deduplicating all the messages delivered to both. This could be done by adding a unique id on the sending side to each message and then write some manual deduplication runs on the logfiles. I haven't found an easy solution to the duplication problem. Logstash to Logstash to ElasticSearch: I could install Logstash on the servers and have them deliver to a central server via AMQP, with the durability options turned on. However, for this to work I would need to use some of the clustering capable AMQP implementations, or fan out the deliver just as in the Flume case. AMQP seems to be a yet another moving part with several implementations and no real guidance on what works best this sort of setup. And I'm not entirely convinced that I could get actual end-to-end durability from logstash to elasticsearch, assuming crashing servers in between. The fan-out solutions run in to the deduplication problem again. The best solution that would seem to handle all the cases, would be Beetle, which seems to provide high availability and deduplication via a redis store. However, I haven't seen any guidance on how to set this up with Logstash and Redis is one more moving part again for something that shouldn't be terribly difficult. Logstash to ElasticSearch: I could run Logstash on all the servers, have all the filtering and processing rules in the servers themselves and just have them log directly to a removet ElasticSearch server. I think this should bring me reliable logging and I can use the ElasticSearch clustering features to share the database transparently. However, I am not sure if the setup actually survives Logstash restarts and intermittent network problems without duplicating messages in a failover case or similar. But this approach sounds pretty promising. rsync: I could just rsync all the relevant log files to two different servers. The reliability aspect should be perfect here, as the files should be identical to the source files after a sync is done. However, doing an rsync several times per second doesn't sound fun. Also, I need the logs to be untamperable after they have been sent, so the rsyncs would need to be in append-only mode. And log rotations mess things up unless I'm careful. rsyslog with RELP: I could set up rsyslog to send messages to two remote hosts via RELP and have a local queue to store the messages. There is the deduplication problem again, and RELP itself might also duplicate some messages. However, this would only handle the things that log via syslog. None of these solutions seem terribly good, and they have many unknowns still, so I am asking for more information here from people who have set up centralized reliable logging as to what are the best tools to achieve that goal.

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• Cannot connect to MySQL Server on RHEL 5.7

  - by Jeffrey Wong

  I have a standard MySQL Server running on Red hat 5.7. I have edited /etc/my.cnf to specify the bind address as my server's public IP address. [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks ; # to do so, uncomment this line: # symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid bind-address=171.67.88.25 port=3306 And I have also restarted my firewall sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT /sbin/service iptables save The network administrator has already opened port 3306 for this box. When connecting from a remote computer (running Ubuntu 10.10, server is running RHEL 5.7), I issue mysql -u jeffrey -p --host=171.67.88.25 --port=3306 --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock but receive a ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '171.67.88.25' (113). I've noticed that the socket file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock is blank. Should this be the case? UPDATE The result of netstat -an | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN Result of sudo netstat -tulpen Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7602 3168/hpiod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 7827 3298/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5110 2802/portmap tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8787 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8431 3326/rserver tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:915 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5312 2853/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7655 3188/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7688 3199/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8025 3362/sendmail: acce tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7620 3173/python udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:909 0.0.0.0:* 0 5300 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:912 0.0.0.0:* 0 5309 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 0 4800 2598/dhclient udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36177 0.0.0.0:* 70 8314 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 70 8313 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 0 5109 2802/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 0 7691 3199/cupsd Result of sudo /sbin/iptables -L -v -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 6373 2110K RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1241 packets, 932K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 572 861K ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 1 28 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 255 0 0 ACCEPT esp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT ah -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 46 6457 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:5353 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:631 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:631 782 157K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 120 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:443 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:23 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 4970 1086K REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Result of nmap -P0 -p3306 171.67.88.25 Host is up (0.027s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 3306/tcp filtered mysql Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.09 seconds Solution When everything else fails, go GUI! system-config-securitylevel and add port 3306. All done!

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