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  • Why are there unknown URLs in router log?

    - by Martin
    I recently looked at my router log. Why are a lot of requests that I don't send originated from a computer in my home network? They do not look like 3rd-party advertisements / images embedded in a page. The request have patterns, such as: top-visitor.com/look.php www.dottip.com/search/result.php?aff=8755&req=nickelodeon+games www.placeca.com/search/result.php?aff=3778&req=wireless+cell+phone www.bb5a.com/search.php?username=3348&keywords=flights www.blazerbox.com/search.php?username=2341&keywords=colorado+springs+real+estate www.freeautosource.com/search.php?username=sun100&keywords=vehicle www.1sp2.com/search.php?username=20190&keywords=las+the+hotel+vegas www.loadgeo.com/search/result.php?aff=10357&req=winamp www.exalt123.com/portal.php?ref=seo2007 www.7catalogs.com/search.php?username=la24&keywords=shutter www.theloaninstitute.com/search.php?username=kevin&keywords=webcam www.grammt.com/search.php?username=2530&keywords=bob And there are hundreds of these requests send within a second. So what's happening?

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  • Squid "system returned (13) Permission denied"

    - by AndyM
    I can get to a site form my Squid server directly using lynx http://my-URL , ie not using squid as the proxy, just to prove the connectivity exists. Lynx connects fine to the site - its a Weblogic portal When I try the same site from client with the squid machine as a proxy I get a squid error indicating that the destination site refused the connection from Squid. The squid server is a RHEL5.5 server. The error is something like The following error was encountered: Connection Failed The systen returned: (13) Permission denied Any ideas ? The squid access.log just indicates a TCP_MISS. Its as if the destinatin site knows its been accessed by squid and is not allowing ?

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  • disable RADIUS for Cisco 2500 wireless controller

    - by Tim Vaughan
    I have a Cisco 2500 wireless controller and four lightweight access points. I want to use the controller to manage a wireless network secured by WPA only, without using RADIUS or anything else. We'll handle the authentication using a captive portal behind the access points. However, it seems like the controller's default security policy requires a RADIUS server and I can't find out how to switch the policy off. The documentation assumes I'm in an environment which needs heavy-duty security and the use case is actually a small charity/business with much less stringent security requirements. How do I disable the complicated security policy and instead run a simple one that just uses WPA?

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  • connect to ssh server thru 80 via HTTP proxy?

    - by im_chc
    Hi, Please help: I want to connect to my ssh server at home However, I'm behind a corporate (CORP) firewall, which blocks almost all ports (443, 22, 23 etc). But it seems that 80 is not blocked, coz I am able to surf the web after I login (i.e. IE sets to CORP's proxy server, and start IE - displayed CORP intranet portal - type in google.com - dialog pops up for userid + pwd - login successful, and surf without restrictions) My ssh server listens at 443. My question is: Is there a way to connect from a computer behind the CORP firewall to the ssh server thru the 80 port, with the ssh server still listening on port 443? Changing the ssh server to listen to port 80 is not an option, coz my home ISP blocks 80. Can I use a public proxy which listens at 80? After some research on google I found that there is something called "connect to SSH thru an HTTP proxy" using the Cockscrew software. Is it useful? Or is there some other way to solve the problem?

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  • How are my DNS entries safe in a shared hosting environment?

    - by Jake
    I'm trying to understand how DNS works in a shared hosting environment. I went to my registrar and set my name servers to my host's ns1.foo.com and ns2.foo.com. I'm using a cloud hosting provider who has a web portal where I can set my DNS entries. However I am confused by the lack of security. when I entered in the entries for my domain there was never any step to prove that I actually own that domain. What is to stop somebody else on the same hosting service (a nasty neighbor) from writing over my DNS entries and pointing my traffic to their server instead?

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  • Why can't I access my website with domain? It works with IP address only

    - by Logan
    In the past we didn't have a proper domain name for our site, now I have registered a proper domain name, but now I experiance the following problem: If I go to https://46.144.46.214/ita I can access the portal without any problem; If I go to https://ita.telvent-netherlands.com/ita I receive a time-out in Internet Explorer. But if I go to https://ita.telvent-netherlands.com/ I see that I reach the IIS server so the DNS is working. Do you know how it is possible that I can reach it by IP and not by name? I need to reach it by domain. Thank you in advance.

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  • Creating a new Active Directory account with an InfoPath form

    - by ryan
    I am setting up a business partner portal in our Sharepoint server. There will be an AD group with permissions limited to viewing and possibly contributing to the specific business partner site and employees of our business partners will have accounts created for them as needed. Now we would like to let our business development group(BDG) have control over the partner accounts. Ideally they should be able to add and delete accounts and change permissions on them. The BDG are not domain admins so we don't want to give them access to the domain controller. We want to create an Infopath form that will allow them to do all this. Is it possible to create and manage AD accounts from within an Infopath form on the sharepoint server? I searched this site and MSDN and can not find anything specifically related to my question.

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  • PowerShell create new Azure VM from uploaded disk (not image)

    - by MikeBaz
    I have a VHD in Azure storage. That VHD is configured as an OS disk through a command like the following: Add-AzureDisk -DiskName $newCode -MediaLocation "http://$script:accountName.blob.core.windows.net/$newCode/$sourceVhdName.vhd" ` -Label $newCode -OS "Windows" I would like to create a new VM pointing at that disk. From what I can tell if I was doing this with an image I would do something like: New-AzureVMConfig -Name $newCode -InstanceSize $instanceSize ` -MediaLocation "http://$script:accountName.blob.core.windows.net/$newCode/$sourceVhdName.vhd" -ImageName $newCode ` | Add-AzureProvisioningConfig -Windows -Password $adminPassword ` | New-AzureVM -ServiceName $newCode However this is wrong for me because I don't have an image - I have a configured VHD that is not sysprepped and can't be. How can I create the VM in PowerShell to point at the existing disk like I can through the portal?

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  • Setting up Kerberos SSO in Windows 2008 network

    - by Arturs Licis
    We recently introduced Kerberos (SPNEGO) Single Sign-on in our web-portal, and tested it on a Windows network with Windows 2003 domain controller. Now, trying to test it on Windows 2008 R2 controlled network, SSO just doesn't work due to defective tokens. Up to the moment I was pretty sure that there's something wrong about environment and that were NTLM tokens. We double checked IE settings etc, but nothing helped. Then we checked the following settings for both users (logged on a client test-machine, and the one used as a Service Principal): This account supports Kerberos AES 128 bit encryption. This account supports Kerberos AES 256 bit encryption. .. and error message changed to ' GSSException: Failure unspecified at GSS-API level (Mechanism level: Encryption type AES256CTS mode with HMAC SHA1-96 is not supported/enabled) It makes me think that Internet Explorer receives Kerberos tokens at all times, and there's just some configuration missing, or it was ktpass.exe to be incorrectly executed. Here's how ktpass.exe was invoked: C:ktpass /out portal1.keytab /mapuser USER /princ HTTP/[email protected] /pass *

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  • OpenVPN Permission Denied Error

    - by LordCover
    I am setting OpenVPN up, and I'm in the state of adding users. Details: Host System: Windows Server 2003 32-bit. Guest System: Ubuntu Linux (with OpenVPN installed already), actually I downloaded it from OpenVPN.Net. Virtualization: VMWare v7.0 Problem: I can access the Access Server web portal (on the port 5480), but when I login to http://host_ip:943/admin and enter my (correct) login info, it shows me a page saying that "You don't have enough permissions". I am the (root) user!!!! that is really weird!!! Note: if I enter wrong login it will denote an incorrect login, this means that I am logging in successfully but the problem comes after the login process. What I tried: I tried to create another user after (root) logging in to Linux Bash using (useradd) command, but the same resulted.

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  • Permissions to run a SharePoint 2010 Application Pool?

    - by Michael Stum
    I'm currently in the process of setting up a SharePoint 2010 farm. In my Dev Environments, I have one account that is Local Admin, Farm Administrator and runs all Application Pools. For Production Environment, I would like to go with best Security Practices and run the Web Applications (At least 2: Main Portal and My Sites) with separate Domain Accounts. It's been some time that I worked with IIS, and I remember that there were issues with accessing files in c:\inetpub by non-Admin users. On the other hand, SharePoint "automagically" sets most permissions anyway. Does anyone have some experience with which permissions I need to give to the domain account at minimum in order to work?

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  • SharePoint MOSS - Serve HTTP content on an HTTPS page without Mixed Content Warning?

    - by kcb263
    Our "portal-like" SharePoint site is served using HTTPS/SSL. So a user goes to https://web.company.com and sees content and different Web Parts. So far, no problem. The desire now is to have new Web Parts added that either frame HTTP content (such as Weather Bug) or HTTP RSS feeds. The issue that arises is that by doing this, results in a "Mixed Content" warning in the browser. Has anybody successfully been able to implement such a scenario, or one similar to it? The options we have looked at, unsuccessfully, have been: using Apache Reverse Proxy Server mirror an external site Custom Web Parts

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  • Can Office Project Server 2010 handle issue tracking?

    - by JL
    I have a scenario where I want to be able to allow customers to login to a customer facing portal on the web, and log issues / bugs. Internal team members should then be notified via email and the issue should be logged in Project Server. The ticket status should be Open, until either resolved or close, where the customer will be notified via email. Is this possible to do using Microsoft Project Server 2010? The question could also be can customers submit bugs to office 2010 projects via a custom web form of some kind, and can project handle the back-end gracefully.

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  • knife azure image list doesn't return User image

    - by TooLSHeD
    I'm trying to create and bootstrap a Windows VM in Azure using knife-azure. I initially tried using a Public Win 2008 r2 image, but quickly found out that winrm needs to be configured before this can work. So, I created a VM from that image, configured winrm as per these instructions and captured the VM. The problem is that the image does not show up when executing knife azure image list. When I try creating the server with the image name from the Azure portal, it complains that it does not exist. I'm running Ubuntu, so I tried the Azure cli tools and it doesn't show there either. I installed Azure PS in a Win 8 VM and then it shows up. Feeling encouraged, I installed Chef and knife-azure in the Win 8 VM, but it doesn't show up there either. How do I get my User image to show in knife azure?

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  • How can I ensure my Samsung Series 7 is actually using the Radeon switchable graphics?

    - by patricksweeney
    I have a Samsung Series 7 with the Radeon 6750M switchable graphics. The ATI software lets you force programs to use the dedicated card. However, I'm not convinced it is actually ever using it, as the frame rates on some non-taxing games (Portal, TF2) are merely OK. To make matters worse, it looks like the ATI Catalyst Control has vanished from my laptop. To make it even worse, you can't download the driver and ATI CCC from ATI's site, you need to download it from Samsung, and the ZIP they provide is corrupted. How can I ensure my Samsung Series 7 is actually using the Radeon switchable graphics?

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  • CoovaAP router does not get DHCP settings from modem

    - by Dan Sosedoff
    Im having some serious trouble making CoovaAP-powered router get network settings from modem. Wireless router works in captive portal mode (so it handles user login on the same device). But DNS settings and connection ip (for router) are not set as they supposed to via DHCP on modem. It makes installation in other location really complicated, because you have to go and set everything manually. For now i use google`s dns servers. What`s the way to make router self-configurable via modem's dhcp ?

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  • SharePoint 2010 MySites - Host on separate servers

    - by Chris W
    We're playing with the SP 2010 Beta ahead of a planned deployment later this year in an academic environment. We anticipate that the majority of traffic will be through MySites when everything is provisioned so we're looking at how we can plan our SP topology to scale nicely. An initial thought is to run the main portal on one server, host "Student" MySites on one server and "Staff" on another. Is it acutally possible to do this easily or are we going down a bad path? Specifically - can we have 2 different MySites site collections, each hosted on a dedicated server? If so, can we configure SharePoint to work out from the users's logon account type of user they are and route them to the correct server?

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  • WebsitePanel 2 totally NOT working on Windows Server 2012 on Azure

    - by Carmine Giangregorio
    I’m having many troubles installing WebSitePanel on an Azure Virtual Machine, with Windows Server 2012. I followed the steps in http://www.websitepanel.net/documentation/deployment-guide/server-configuration/preparing-windows-server-2008-r2-for-websitepanel-installation/ and installed everything I needed. Then, I installed the WebSitePanel Standalone Server package with the installer. I opened the endpoint for the port 9002 on Windows Azure; so I pointed my browser to myhostname.cloudapp.net (note: in Azure you don’t have a static IP address, instead you have an hostname like [hostname].cloudapp.net). So, loading myhostname.cloudapp.net:9002 fails, and any browser shows something like “Unable to load page”. Notice: if I try to load the WebSitePanel Portal directly on the server, I get an error HTTP 400 Bad Request. How come? IIS works perfectly on the server, in fact the default website runs without problems on port 80.

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  • Migrating to a new server

    - by KThompson
    I was asked by a client to move a website to a new server. Normally I would make a local copy by downloading it and then uploading it to the new server after making any necessary configurations of course. This particular client has like 1 million images ranging up 1MB and I still haven't found a solution as to how to move these properly. I have tried zipping them on the server first but the file gets too big and it seems to just stop. Anyway, the client told me he can set up a "portal" so I don't have to download and re-upload the files. I have never heard of this no can I find what this is. Any of you know something that fits this description or solution to my image problem? Thanks in advance

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  • Windows VPS/Cloud Host Recommendations?

    - by user18937
    As Hosting.com are no longer offerring Windows VPS accounts, we are looking for a new US based provider. Looking for something that offers standard Windows IIS hosting for a Dotnetnuke portal site with SQL Server Express or Web. Basic managed services for OS updates as well as regular backups required. Good level of support and solid uptime is critical. Budget in the $150-$200 month range but flexible depeding on quality and services offerred. Anyone have any suggestions and good feedback they can share? Currently looking at Jodohost as an option but would like some other possibilities as their support can be suspect at times we have found. A cloud solution in same range would also be an option.

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  • Search like google

    - by Rajanikant
    I have a task to make a search module in which i have database users and tablename userProfile and i want to search profile when i entered text in text box for ex. if i entered "I am looking for MBA in delhi" or 'mba information in delhi' it will displayed all user registered expertise as mba and city in delhi . this will be like job portal or any social networking portal my database is -- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump -- version 2.8.1 -- http://www.phpmyadmin.net -- Host: localhost -- Generation Time: May 01, 2010 at 10:58 AM -- Server version: 5.0.21 -- PHP Version: 5.1.4 -- Database: users -- -- Table structure for table userProfile CREATE TABLE userprofile ( id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, name varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, expertise varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, city varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, state varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, discription varchar(500) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_general_ci AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ; -- -- Dumping data for table userProfile INSERT INTO userProfile VALUES (1, 'a', 'MBA HR', 'Delhi', 'Delhi', 'Fortune is top management college in Delhi, Best B-schools in India providing business studies and management training. FIIB is Delhi based most ranked ...'); INSERT INTO userProfile VALUES (2, 'b', 'MBA marketing', 'Delhi', 'Delhi', 'Fortune is top management college in Delhi, Best B-schools in India providing business studies and management training. FIIB is Delhi based most ranked ...'); and search.php page <?php include("config.php"); include("class.search.php"); $br=new search(); if($_POST['searchbutton']) { $str=$_POST['textfield']; $brstr=$br->breakkey($str); } ?> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Untitled Document</title> </head> <body> <table width="100%" border="0"> <form name="frmsearch" method="post"> <tr> <td width="367">&nbsp;</td> <td width="300"><label> <input name="textfield" type="text" id="textfield" size="50" /> </label></td> <td width="294"><label> <input type="submit" name="searchbutton" id="button" value="Search" /> </label></td> </tr></form> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> and config.php is <?php error_reporting(E_ALL); $host="localhost"; $username="root"; $password=""; $dbname="users"; $con=mysql_connect($host,$username,$password) or die("could not connect database"); $db=mysql_select_db($dbname,$con) or die("could not select database"); ?> and class.search.php is <?php class search { function breakkey($key) { global $db; $words=explode(' ',$key); return $words; } function searchitem($perm) { global $db; foreach($perm as $k=>$v) { $sql="select * from users" } } } ?>

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  • Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

    - by raul.goycoolea
    @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract   Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA.   Introduction   A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders.   Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc.   Purpose of Reference Architecture   In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness.   Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices.   Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level:   ·       Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise ·       Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. ·       Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles ·       Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc ·       A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information ·       Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security ·       Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. ·       Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets ·       Has a shorter implementation time and cost   Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO).     Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers   Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider:   ·       In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. ·       Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. ·       Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. ·       Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. ·       Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. ·       Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. ·       Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems   However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape.   Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture   Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges.   “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum.   The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture:   ·       Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements ·       Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. ·       Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) ·       Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services ·       Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem ·       (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks ·       Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products ·       Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products   Drivers of Reference Architecture   The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure.   Telecom reference architectures are today expected to:   ·       Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems ·       Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services ·       Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure ·       Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. ·       Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g.  Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. ·       Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations ·       Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) ·       Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management ·       Lower operating costs to drive profitability   Enterprise Reference Architecture   The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA.   • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture   Telecom Reference Architecture   Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements:   ·       The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. ·       The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. ·       The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. ·       The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes.   NGOSS Architecture Standards are:   ·       Centralized data ·       Loosely coupled distributed systems ·       Application components/re-use  ·       A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations ·       Interoperability to service provider data/processes ·       Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios ·       Workflow automation   The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers,   ·       Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. ·       Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. ·       Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. ·       Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility.   Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture   The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows:   1. Customer Relationship Management   CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty.   CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise.   The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are   ·       Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. ·       Create and manage customer profiles. ·       Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. ·       Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. ·       Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. ·       Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). ·       Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions.   CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing.   2. Billing and Revenue Management   Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. ·       To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. ·       To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. ·       Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. ·       Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. ·       Support prepaid and post-paid rating. ·       Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. ·       Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. ·       Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. ·       Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. ·       Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc.   Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements.   3. Mediation   Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution.   ·       Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. ·       Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. ·       Validate Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. ·       Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. ·       Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. ·       Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. ·       Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window.   4. Fulfillment   This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; ·       Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; ·       Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; ·       Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; ·       Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; ·       Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; ·       Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and ·       Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer.   These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders.   5. Enterprise Management   This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that   ·       Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.;   ·       Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business;   ·       Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc.     (i) Enterprise Risk Management:   Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are:   ·       Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o   Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o   Interconnect bill verification. o   Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o   Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o   Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o   Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized.   ·       Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator.   The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows:   o   Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o   Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o   The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o   The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems   (ii) Knowledge Management   This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions.   Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to   ·       Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. ·       Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse ·       Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. ·       Run report generator. ·       Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc.   (iii) Document Management   It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system.   (iv) Data Management   It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management.   Key responsibilities of Data Management are   ·       Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. ·       Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) ·       Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. ·       Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use.   (v) Business Intelligence   It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level:   ·       It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. ·       It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. ·       It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. ·       It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. ·       It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. ·       It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions.   It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer   ·       It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence.   (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management   It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations.   (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning   It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment.   The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below:   ·        It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. ·       It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. ·       It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. ·       It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. ·       It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges.   6. External Interfaces/Touch Points   The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including:   ·       Exchange of emails or faxes ·       Call Centers ·       Web Portals ·       Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions   These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points.   Typical characteristics of these touch points are   ·       Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine ·       Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment ·       Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application   These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses.   7. Middleware   The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution.   ·       As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces ·       Provide a web service framework with service registry. ·       Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. ·       Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. ·       Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. ·       Use standard XML for data exchange. ·       Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. ·       Provide a tracking until the response completion. ·       Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. ·       Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. ·       Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. ·       Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component.   8. Network Elements   The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.   Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc.   Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment.   9. 3rd Party Applications   3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government.   Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done.   10. Service Delivery Platform   A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction.   SOA Reference Architecture   SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques.   In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables:   ·       The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services ·       Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface ·       A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs ·       Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services ·       Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change ·       Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services   ·       A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis   The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits.   Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers.   COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives.   The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers.   The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1.          Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation.   ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc.   CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc.   Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components:   ·       Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges ·       Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured.   MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data.     2.          Enterprise Component Layer:   This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing.   Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are:   ·       Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc.   ·       Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query.   ·       Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design.   Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc.   3.          Integration Layer:   This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime.   • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework.   4.          Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains.   5.          Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services.   6.          Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications.   7.          Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications.   8.          Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance.     9.          EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices:   EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology).   Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey.   Conclusions   Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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  • When should I use Areas in TFS instead of Team Projects

    - by Martin Hinshelwood
    Well, it depends…. If you are a small company that creates a finite number of internal projects then you will find it easier to create a single project for each of your products and have TFS do the heavy lifting with reporting, SharePoint sites and Version Control. But what if you are not… Update 9th March 2010 Michael Fourie gave me some feedback which I have integrated. Ed Blankenship via @edblankenship offered encouragement and a nice quote. Ewald Hofman gave me a couple of Cons, and maybe a few more soon. Ewald’s company, Avanade, currently uses Areas, but it looks like the manual management is getting too much and the project is getting cluttered. What if you are likely to have hundreds of projects, possibly with a multitude of internal and external projects? You might have 1 project for a customer or 10. This is the situation that most consultancies find themselves in and thus they need a more sustainable and maintainable option. What I am advocating is that we should have 1 “Team Project” per customer, and use areas to create “sub projects” within that single “Team Project”. "What you describe is what we generally do internally and what we recommend. We make very heavy use of area path to categorize the work within a larger project." - Brian Harry, Microsoft Technical Fellow & Product Unit Manager for Team Foundation Server   "We tend to use areas to segregate multiple projects in the same team project and it works well." - Tiago Pascoal, Visual Studio ALM MVP   "In general, I believe this approach provides consistency [to multi-product engagements] and lowers the administration and maintenance costs. All good." - Michael Fourie, Visual Studio ALM MVP   “@MrHinsh BTW, I'm very much a fan of very large, if not huge, team projects in TFS. Just FYI :) Use Areas & Iterations.” Ed Blankenship, Visual Studio ALM MVP   This would mean that SSW would have a single Team Project called “SSW” that contains all of our internal projects and consequently all of the Areas and Iteration move down one hierarchy to accommodate this. Where we would have had “\SSW\Sprint 1” we now have “\SSW\SqlDeploy\Sprint1” with “SqlDeploy” being our internal project. At the moment SSW has over 70 internal projects and more than 170 total projects in TFS. This method has long term benefits that help to simplify the support model for companies that often have limited internal support time and many projects. But, there are implications as TFS does not provide this model “out-of-the-box”. These implications stretch across Areas, Iterations, Queries, Project Portal and Version Control. Michael made a good comment, he said: I agree with your approach, assuming that in a multi-product engagement with a client, they are happy to adopt the same process template across all products. If they are not, then it’ll either be easy to convince them or there is a valid reason for having a different template - Michael Fourie, Visual Studio ALM MVP   At SSW we have a standard template that we use and this is applied across the board, to all of our projects. We even apply any changes to the core process template to all of our existing projects as well. If you have multiple projects for the same clients on multiple templates and you want to keep it that way, then this approach will not work for you. However, if you want to standardise as we have at SSW then this approach may benefit you as well. Implications around Areas Areas should be used for topological classification/isolation of work items. You can think of this as architecture areas, organisational areas or even the main features of your application. In our scenario there is an additional top level item that represents the Project / Product that we want to chop our Team Project into. Figure: Creating a sub area to represent a product/project is easy. <teamproject> <teamproject>\<Functional Area/module whatever> Becomes: <teamproject> <teamproject>\<ProjectName>\ <teamproject>\<ProjectName>\<Functional Area/module whatever> Implications around Iterations Iterations should be used for chronological classification/isolation of work items. This could include isolated time boxes, milestones or release timelines and really depends on the logical flow of your project or projects. Due to the new level in Area we need to add the same level to Iteration. This is primarily because it is unlikely that the sprints in each of your projects/products will start and end at the same time. This is just a reality of managing multiple projects. Figure: Adding the same Area value to Iteration as the top level item adds flexibility to Iteration. <teamproject>\Sprint 1 Or <teamproject>\Release 1\Sprint 1 Becomes: <teamproject>\<ProjectName>\Sprint 1 Or <teamproject>\<ProjectName>\Release 1\Sprint 1 Implications around Queries Queries are used to filter your work items based on a specified level of granularity. There are a number of queries that are built into a project created using the MSF Agile 5.0 template, but we now have multiple projects and it would be a pain to have to edit all of the work items every time we changed project, and that would only allow one team to work on one project at a time.   Figure: The Queries that are created in a normal MSF Agile 5.0 project do not quite suit our new needs. In order for project contributors to be able to query based on their project we need a couple of things. The first thing I did was to create an “_Area Template” folder that has a copy of the project layout with all the queries setup to filter based on the “_Area Template” Area and the “_Sprint template” you can see in the Area and Iteration views. Figure: The template is currently easily drag and drop, but you then need to edit the queries to point at the right Area and Iteration. This needs a tool. I then created an “Areas” folder to hold all of the area specific queries. So, when you go to create a new TFS Sub-Project you just drag “_Area Template” while holding “Ctrl” and drop it onto “Areas”. There is a little setup here. That said I managed it in around 10 minutes which is not so bad, and I can imagine it being quite easy to build a tool to create these queries Figure: These new queries can be configured in around 10 minutes, which includes setting up the Area and Iteration as well. Version Control What about your source code? Well, that is the easiest of the lot. Just create a sub folder for each of your projects/products.   Figure: Creating sub folders in source control is easy as “Right click | Create new folder”. <teamproject>\DEV\Main\ Becomes: <teamproject>\<ProjectName>\DEV\Main\ Conclusion I think it is up to each company to make a call on how you want to configure your Team Projects and it depends completely on how many projects/products you are going to have for each customer including yourself. If we decide to utilise this route it will require some configuration to get our 170+ projects into this format, and I will probably be writing some tools to help. Pros You only have one project to upgrade when a process template changes – After going through an upgrade of over 170 project prior to the changes in the RC I can tell you that that many projects is no fun. Standardises your Process Template – You will always have the same Process implementation across projects/products without exception You get tighter control over the permissions – Yes, you can do this on a standard Team Project, but it gets a lot easier with practice. You can “move” work items from one “product” to another – Have we not always wanted to do that. You can rename your projects – Wahoo: everyone wants to do this, now you can. One set of Reporting Services reports to manage – You set an area and iteration to run reports anyway, so you may as well set both. Simplified Check-In Policies– There is only one set of check-in policies per client. This simplifies administration of policies. Simplified Alerts – As alerts are applied across multiple projects this simplifies your alert rules as per client. Cons All of these cons could be mitigated by a custom tool that helps automate creation of “Sub-projects” within Team Projects. This custom tool could create areas, Iteration, permissions, SharePoint and queries. It just does not exist yet :) You need to configure the Areas and Iterations You need to configure the permissions You may need to configure sub sites for SharePoint (depends on your requirement) – If you have two projects/products in the same Team Project then you will not see the burn down for each one out-of-the-box, but rather a cumulative for the Team Project. This is not really that much of a problem as you would have to configure your burndown graphs for your current iteration anyway. note: When you create a sub site to a TFS linked portal it will inherit the settings of its parent site :) This is fantastic as it means that you can easily create sub sites and then set the Area and Iteration path in each of the reports to be the correct one. Every team wants their own customization (via Ewald Hofman) - small teams of 2 persons against teams of 30 – or even outsourcing – need their own process, you cannot allow that because everybody gets the same work item types. note: Luckily at SSW this is not a problem as our template is standardised across all projects and customers. Large list of builds (via Ewald Hofman) – As the build list in Team Explorer is just a flat list it can get very cluttered. note: I would mitigate this by removing any build that has not been run in over 30 days. The build template and workflow will still be available in version control, but it will clean the list. Feedback Now that I have explained this method, what do you think? What other pros and cons can you see? What do you think of this approach? Will you be using it? What tools would you like to support you?   Technorati Tags: Visual Studio ALM,TFS Administration,TFS,Team Foundation Server,Project Planning,TFS Customisation

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  • SharePoint 2010 MSDN Labs

    - by Kelly Jones
    Eric Ligman, from Microsoft, posted a great blog post this week listing all of the SharePoint 2010 Virtual Labs that are available from Microsoft.  His blog entry is here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mssmallbiz/archive/2012/03/13/sharepoint-server-2010-msdn-virtual-labs-available-to-you-online-plus-more-sharepoint-2010-resources.aspx He also posted other resources as well. I’ve copied his Virtual Lab links here: SharePoint Server 2010 Virtual Labs MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Introduction MSDN Virtual Lab: Getting Started with SharePoint 2010 MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint 2010 User Interface Advancements MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010 Connectors & Using the Business Data Connectivity (BDC) Service MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Advanced Search Security MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Configuring Search UIs MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Content Processing and Property Extraction MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Developing a Custom Connector MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Fast Search Web Crawler MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Federated Search MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Linguistics MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: People Search Administration and Management MSDN Virtual Lab: SharePoint Server 2010: Relevancy and Ranking MSDN Virtual Lab: Customizing MySites MSDN Virtual Lab: Designing Lists and Schemas MSDN Virtual Lab: Developing a BCS External Content Type with Visual Studio 2010 MSDN Virtual Lab: Developing a Sandboxed Solution with Web Parts MSDN Virtual Lab: Developing a Visual Web Part in Visual Studio 2010 MSDN Virtual Lab: Developing Business Intelligence Applications MSDN Virtual Lab: Enterprise Content Management MSDN Virtual Lab: LINQ to SharePoint 2010 MSDN Virtual Lab: Visual Studio SharePoint Tools MSDN Virtual Lab: Workflow In addition to the SharePoint Server 2010 Virtual Labs, here are a few other SharePoint 2010 resources that I thought you might also be interested in: Technical reference for Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 SharePoint 2010: IT Pro Evaluation Guide Connecting SharePoint 2010 to Line-of-Business Systems to Deliver Business-Critical Solutions Configure SharePoint Server 2010 as a Single Server with Microsoft SQL Server: Test Lab Guide Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Reporting Services Add-in for Microsoft SharePoint Technologies 2010 Deploying FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint Add or Remove an Index Column Upgrade worksheet for SharePoint Server 2010 Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 Technical Library in Compiled Help format Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010 Technical Library in Compiled Help format Microsoft FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint Technical Library in Compiled Help format Microsoft Reseller partner Learning Path Microsoft solutions partners and ISVs Learning Path Microsoft partner Practice Accelerator for SharePoint Microsoft partner SharePoint 2010 Internal Use Licenses SharePoint Case Studies SharePoint MSDN Forums SharePoint TechNet Forums Microsoft SharePoint 2010 page on Microsoft Partner Network portal

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  • Oracle Fusion Middleware-the best middleware for Siebel

    - by divya.malik
    With many choices available for Siebel customers today, selecting the right solutions to deliver the most value out of your applications  is challenging. What is Oracle Fusion Middleware? Oracle Fusion Middleware is a suite of products that Oracle offers to customers. It is a modern middleware foundation for building applications. It is certified with all of the Oracle Applications families, and it is also the foundation of Fusion Applications. There are a number of different components to Fusion Middleware. Some of the most important are: the SOA suite which provides the integration infrastructure to allow different applications to connect to each other. There is a Business Intelligence toolset that enables allows you to get biz intelligence out of the applications, there is a portal that allows you to build a  UI on top of different applications. Content management to manage invoices and other unstructured data that goes into the application and finally an identity management system to lower costs  of running your applications. So four ways to think about Oracle Fusion Middleware are: Use Fusion Middleware to connect and integrate different applications Use it to get business intelligence and insight out of the application Use it to customize or extend applications and build a composite applications user interface Use it to lower the cost of managing your applications Why Fusion Middleware? Fusion middleware is standards based, gives you a very open architecture that enables you to extend your apps to other systems, every piece of Fusion Middleware is a leader in its area (best of breed), it is hot-pluggable and certified on every application in the Oracle Applications family. Today, over 90,000 customers use Oracle Fusion Middleware applications. To learn more about Oracle Fusion Middleware for Siebel, read this white paper.

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