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• Python: how to calculate data received and send between two ipaddresses and ports [closed]

  - by ramdaz

  I guess it's socket programming. But I have never done socket programming expect for running the tutorial examples while learning Python. I need some more ideas to implement this. What I specifically need is to run a monitoring program of a server which will poll or listen to traffic being exchange from different IPs across different popular ports. For example, how do I get data received and sent through port 80 of 192.168.1.10 and 192.168.1.1 ( which is the gateway). I checked out a number of ready made tools like MRTG, Bwmon, Ntop etc but since we are looking at doing some specific pattern studies, we need to do data capturing within the program. Idea is to monitor some popular ports and do a study of network traffic across some periods and compare them with some other data. We would like to figure a way to do all this with Python....

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• How to install Python 2.7 w/ unix libs on cygwin

  - by JIStone

  I have been trying for about a week to get this to work. Obviously getting Python 2.6 is easy - just install the cygwin package with setup.exe. Installing the windows version of Python2.7 was also easy, but I could not access the Unix Modules. So I've been trying to install Python from source, but it seems every time I fix one make error there is another waiting just behind it. Getting rather fed up with the whole thing & thinking someone else must have either done this or figured out it is impossible. I feel installing Linux would have been the easier route . . .

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• How To Add Python to the Windows Path

  - by davewise

  How do I add python to the windows PATH permanently?

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• Python class variables not defined with called from outside module

  - by Jimmy

  I am having some issues with calling a function outside of a module. The scenario is I have a small class library that is using turtle to do some drawing, the function within the module calls the classes also within the module and draws things, etc. This all works fine and dandy when I call the function from within the same file, but if I have another file and call myLib.scene() I get variable undefined errors. Code examples: a class class Rectangle(object): def __init__(self, pen, height=100, width=100, fillcolor=''): self.pen = pen self.height = height self.width = width self.fillcolor = fillcolor def draw(self, x, y): '''draws the rectangle at coordinates x and y''' self.pen.goto(x, y) if self.fillcolor: self.pen.fillcolor(self.fillcolor) self.pen.fill(True) self.pen.down() for i in range(0,4): self.pen.forward(self.height if i%2 else self.width) self.pen.left(90) and the calling function is this def scene(pen): rect = Rectangle(pen) rect.draw(100,100) when I put the line scene(turtle.Turtle()) into the same file I have no issues, the rectangle is drawn and everyone goes home happy. However, if I try to call it from a separate python file like so: myLib.scene(turtle.Turtle()) I get an error: NameError: global name 'pen' is not defined, in the for loop of my draw method. Even if the line above is in the same file it still bombs out. What is going on?

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• python interactive mode module import issue

  - by Jeff

  I believe I have what would be called a scope issue, perhaps name space. Not too sure I'm new to python. I'm trying to make a module that will search through a list using regular expressions. I'm sure there is a better way of doing it but this error that I'm getting is bugging me and I want to understand why. here's my code: class relist(list): def __init__(self, l): list.__init__(self, l) def __getitem__(self, rexp): r = re.compile(rexp) res = filter(r.match, self) return res if __name__ == '__main__': import re listl = [x+y for x in 'test string' for y in 'another string for testing'] print(listl) test = relist(listl) print('----------------------------------') print(test['[s.]']) When I run this code through the command line it works the way I expect it to; however when I run it through python interactive mode I get the error >>> test['[s.]'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "relist.py", line 8, in __getitem__ r = re.compile(rexp) NameError: global name 're' is not defined While in the interactive mode I do import re and I am able to use the re functions, but for some reason when I'm trying to execute the module it doesn't work. Do I need to import re into the scope of the class? I wouldn't think so because doesn't python search through other scopes if it's not found in the current one? I appreciate your help, and if there is a better way of doing this search I would be interested in knowing. Thanks

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• Heapsort not working in Python for list of strings using heapq module

  - by VSN

  I was reading the python 2.7 documentation when I came across the heapq module. I was interested in the heapify() and the heappop() methods. So, I decided to write a simple heapsort program for integers: from heapq import heapify, heappop user_input = raw_input("Enter numbers to be sorted: ") data = map (int, user_input.split(",")) new_data = [] for i in range(len(data)): heapify(data) new_data.append(heappop(data)) print new_data This worked like a charm. To make it more interesting, I thought I would take away the integer conversion and leave it as a string. Logically, it should make no difference and the code should work as it did for integers: from heapq import heapify, heappop user_input = raw_input("Enter numbers to be sorted: ") data = user_input.split(",") new_data = [] for i in range(len(data)): heapify(data) print data new_data.append(heappop(data)) print new_data Note: I added a print statement in the for loop to see the heapified list. Here's the output when I ran the script: `$ python heapsort.py Enter numbers to be sorted: 4, 3, 1, 9, 6, 2 [' 1', ' 3', ' 2', ' 9', ' 6', '4'] [' 2', ' 3', '4', ' 9', ' 6'] [' 3', ' 6', '4', ' 9'] [' 6', ' 9', '4'] [' 9', '4'] ['4'] [' 1', ' 2', ' 3', ' 6', ' 9', '4']` The reasoning I applied was that since the strings are being compared, the tree should be the same if they were numbers. As is evident, the heapify didn't work correctly after the third iteration. Could someone help me figure out if I am missing something here? I'm running Python 2.4.5 on RedHat 3.4.6-9. Thanks, VSN

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• Trying to move away from PHP/Yii: RoR, Python/Django or ASP.NET MVC? Your opinions please [closed]

  - by Örs

  I have a CS degree and I've been working as a web developer (front & backend) for about 2 years now. I've been working with PHP mostly because it was easy to pick up and find a job, but I've grown to dislike the language and want to try something new, and possibly get a better paying job. That last point is especially important because in my area (Romania/Eastern Europe) PHP jobs are mostly for people fresh out of college/high school, hence the pay is rather low. I've been working with the Yii framework which, if I understand correctly, borrows a lot from Ruby on Rails (convention over configuration, MVC, Active Record, scaffolding). Other than PHP I only know curly-brace languages (C/C++/Java) and bash so Python/Ruby might be a bit challenging. On the other hand I've been using Linux (with vim and recently Sublime Text 2) for almost 4 years now so Windows and a lack of a terminal would have its downsides as well. I'm leaning towards Python/Ruby because of my *nix bias (plus both look like fun), but I've heard great things about ASP.NET MVC as well. Any suggestions? PS: I think there are more jobs in ASP.NET around here, but that's not necessarily a plus, because there are a lot of CS graduates as well. tl;dr: Romanian PHP/Yii developer trying to move to Python/Django or Ruby/Rails or C#/ASP.NET MVC. Suggestions?

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• How to build 64-bit Python on OS X 10.6 -- ONLY 64 bit, no Universal nonsense

  - by ssteiner

  I just want to build this on my development machine -- the binary install from Python.org is still 32 bits and installing extensions (MySQLdb, for example) is driving me nuts with trying to figure out the proper flags for each and every extension. Clarification: I did NOT replace the system Python, I just installed the Python.org binary into its normal place at /Library/..., not /System/Library/.... Everything else seems to build 64 bit by default, and the default Python 2.6.1 was 64 bit (before I replaced it with the Python.org build figuring it was a direct replacement)` I just want a 64 bit only build that will run on my one machine without any cruft. Does anyone have a simple answer? Thanks much, [email protected]

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• Why is IoC / DI not common in Python?

  - by tux21b

  In Java IoC / DI is a very common practice which is extensively used in web applications, nearly all available frameworks and Java EE. On the other hand, there are also lots of big Python web applications, but beside of Zope (which I've heard should be really horrible to code) IoC doesn't seem to be very common in the Python world. (Please name some examples if you think that I'm wrong). There are of course several clones of popular Java IoC frameworks available for Python, springpython for example. But none of them seems to get used practically. At least, I've never stumpled upon a Django or sqlalchemy+<insert your favorite wsgi toolkit here> based web application which uses something like that. In my opinion IoC has reasonable advantages and would make it easy to replace the django-default-user-model for example, but extensive usage of interface classes and IoC in Python looks a bit odd and not »pythonic«. But maybe someone has a better explanation, why IoC isn't widely used in Python.

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• vb.net module visibility

  - by dcp

  If I have a module in a VB.Net class library, will it's visibility be limited to the assembly? What I'm looking for is the VB.Net equivalent of a C# internal static class. Does anyone know the equivalent?

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• Boost.python building

  - by Ockonal

  Hi guys, really can't understand, how to build correctly project that uses boost.python. I've included boost_(python/thread/system)-mt. Here is simple module file: #include <boost/python.hpp> #include "script.hpp" #include "boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp" BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(temp) { namespace py = boost::python; py::def("PyLog", &engine::log); } Here is bulid log: http://dpaste.com/179232/. Can't imagine what I forgot. System: arch linux; ls /usr/lib |grep boost : http://dpaste.com/179233/

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• Skin issues with multiple controls in a Dot Net Nuke module

  - by Josiah

  In the Dot Net Nuke module that I'm developing I need to separate the controls into several different areas. Unfortunately, it appears that Dot Net Nuke thinks that any control identified by a control key is an 'edit' screen and changes the skin automatically. Is it possible to change this behaviour programmatically? What is the best method of switching controls without having the skin changed?

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• Serializing Python bytestrings to JSON, preserving ordinal character values

  - by Doctor J

  I have some binary data produced as base-256 bytestrings in Python (2.x). I need to read these into JavaScript, preserving the ordinal value of each byte (char) in the string. If you'll allow me to mix languages, I want to encode a string s in Python such that ord(s[i]) == s.charCodeAt(i) after I've read it back into JavaScript. The cleanest way to do this seems to be to serialize my Python strings to JSON. However, json.dump doesn't like my bytestrings, despite fiddling with the ensure_ascii and encoding parameters. Is there a way to encode bytestrings to Unicode strings that preserves ordinal character values? Otherwise I think I need to encode the characters above the ASCII range into JSON-style \u1234 escapes; but a codec like this does not seem to be among Python's codecs. Is there an easy way to serialize Python bytestrings to JSON, preserving char values, or do I need to write my own encoder?

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• Easiest way of unit testing C code with Python

  - by Jon Mills

  I've got a pile of C code that I'd like to unit test using Python's unittest library (in Windows), but I'm trying to work out the best way of interfacing the C code so that Python can execute it (and get the results back). Does anybody have any experience in the easiest way to do it? Some ideas include: Wrapping the code as a Python C extension using the Python API Wrap the C code using SWIG Add a DLL wrapper to the C code and load it into Python using ctypes Add a small XML-RPC server to the c-code and call it using xmlrpclib (yes, I know this seems a bit far-out!) Is there a canonical way of doing this? I'm going to be doing this quite a lot, with different C modules, so I'd like to find a way which is least effort.

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• Python 2.7 - Help using an API (HL7)

  - by atomicluis

  I am new to programming and Python. I have a very basic python script that connects to server and send a text message: #!/usr/bin/python import socket s = socket.socket() host = '127.0.0.1' port = 4106 s.connect((host, port)) message = 'test1' s.send(message) print s.recv(1024) s.close Everything is fine, except that this message is an HL7 message and needs to wrapped in MLLP I found this API that I think can do this for me (http://python-hl7.readthedocs.org/en/latest/api.html#mllp-network-client) So I modified my program to the following, but I keep getting the error message: NameError: name 'MLLPClient' is not defined #!/usr/bin/python import socket import hl7 host = '127.0.0.1' port = 4106 with MLLPClient(host, port) as client: client.send_message('test1') print s.recv(1024) s.close Thanks in advanced for all the help

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• Override the Local module directory for cvs using Hudson

  - by Roberto

  Hi guys, I'm using Hudson and I need to change the checkout directory for cvs. Instead of checkout/update the project under the workspace dir, I'd like to specify a dir (as you can do for svn, changing the Local module directory conf) that will match the cvs tree structure. Eg. under cvs dir1/dir2/project on my box workspace/dir1/dir2/project is that possible with cvs and Hudson? Maybe there's a way to override the cvs call? Thanks! Roberto

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• Compiling python modules whith DEBUG defined on MSVC

  - by DaedalusFall

  Python rather stupidly has a pragma directive in its include files that forces a link against python26_d.lib when the DEBUG preprocessor variable is defined. This is a problem because the python installer doesn't come with python26_d.lib! So I can't build applications in msvc in debug mode. If i temporarily #undef DEBUG for just one file I get many complaints about inconsistent DLL linkage. If I change the pragma in pythons include file I get undefined references to various debug functions. I have tried compiling my own version of python but its somehow different enough from the python that gets distributed that I can't use my modules with apps built with the vanilla version of python Can anyone give me any advice on how to get round this? Thanks

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• Perl, export variable from module

  - by Mike

  How can I export a Hash from a Perl module? ie, mod.pm ====== %a={1=>2}; test.pl ======= use mod; print $a{1}; ===== output 2

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• create vtiger module

  - by ignas

  Hi, Can you give me a hand? I could't create vtiger 5.1 module, can't find any examples. Can you help me?

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• Empty list in appengine datastore: java vs python

  - by lOranger

  I have the following java model class in AppEngine: public class Xyz ... { @Persistent private Set<Long> uvw; } When saving an object Xyz with an empty set uvw in Java, I get a "null" field (as listed in the appengine datastore viewer). When I try to load the same object in python (through remote_api), as defined by the following python model class: class Xys(db.Model): uvw = db.ListProperty(int) I get a "BadValueError: Property uvw is required". When saving another object of the same class in python with an empty uvw list, the datastore viewer print a "missing" field. Apparently empty lists storage handling differs between Java and python and lead to "incompatible" objects. Thus my question: Is there a way to, either: force Java to store an empty list as a "missing" field, force Python to gracefully accept a "null" list as an empty list when loading the object? Or any other suggestion on how to handle empty list field in both languages. Thanks for your answers!

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• Drupal Module Themes - Default CSS?

  - by derekerdmann

  There's tons of documentation out there on how to override the appearance of Drupal modules, but I keep finding the docs for writing the original theme to be a little lacking. On this note, how can I tell Drupal to use a specific CSS file for my custom module's block output?

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• GEdit/Python execution plugin?

  - by Simon Woods

  Hi I'm just starting out learning python with GEdit plus various plugins as my IDE. Visual Studio/F# has a feature which permits the highlighting on a piece of text in the code window which then, on a keypress, gets executed in the F# console. Is there a similar facility/plugin which would enable this sort of behaviour for GEdit/Python? I do have various execution type plugins (Run In Python,Better Python Console) but they don't give me this particular behaviour - or at least I'm not sure how to configure them to give me this. I find it useful because in learning python, I have some test code I want to execute particular individual lines or small segments of code (rather then a complete file) to try and understand what they are doing (and the copy/paste can get a bit tiresome) ... or perhaps there is a better way to do code exploration? Many thx Simon

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• Odd nested dictionary behavior in python

  - by adept

  Im new two python and am trying to grow a dictionary of dictionaries. I have done this in php and perl but python is behaving very differently. Im sure it makes sense to those more familiar with python. Here is my code: colnames = ['name','dob','id']; tablehashcopy = {}; tablehashcopy = dict.fromkeys(colnames,{}); tablehashcopy['name']['hi'] = 0; print(tablehashcopy); Output: {'dob': {'hi': 0}, 'name': {'hi': 0}, 'id': {'hi': 0}} The problem arises from the 2nd to last statement(i put the print in for convenience). I expected to find that one element has been added to the 'name' dictionary with the key 'hi' and the value 0. But this key,value pair has been added to EVERY sub-dictionary. Why? I have tested this on my ubuntu machine in both python 2.6 and python 3.1 the behaviour is the same.

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• Rationale behind Python's preferred for syntax

  - by susmits

  What is the rationale behind the advocated use of the for i in xrange(...)-style looping constructs in Python? For simple integer looping, the difference in overheads is substantial. I conducted a simple test using two pieces of code: File idiomatic.py: #!/usr/bin/env python M = 10000 N = 10000 if __name__ == "__main__": x, y = 0, 0 for x in xrange(N): for y in xrange(M): pass File cstyle.py: #!/usr/bin/env python M = 10000 N = 10000 if __name__ == "__main__": x, y = 0, 0 while x < N: while y < M: y += 1 x += 1 Profiling results were as follows: bash-3.1$ time python cstyle.py real 0m0.109s user 0m0.015s sys 0m0.000s bash-3.1$ time python idiomatic.py real 0m4.492s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.031s I can understand why the Pythonic version is slower -- I imagine it has a lot to do with calling xrange N times, perhaps this could be eliminated if there was a way to rewind a generator. However, with this deal of difference in execution time, why would one prefer to use the Pythonic version?

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• executing a script from maven inside a multi module project

  - by Roman

  Hi everyone. I have this multi-module project. In the beginning of each build I would like to run some bat file. So i did the following: <profile> <id>deploy-db</id> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </plugin> </plugins> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>validate</phase> <goals> <goal>exec</goal> </goals> <inherited>false</inherited> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <executable>../database/schemas/import_databases.bat</executable> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </profile> when i run the mvn verify -Pdeploy-db from the root I get this script executed over and over again in each of my modules. I want it to be executed only once, in the root module. What is there that I am missing ? Thanks

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