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• httpd high cpu usage slowing down server response

  - by max

  my client has a image sharing website with about 100.000 visitor per day it has been slowed down considerably since this morning when i checked processes i've notice high cpu usage from http .... some has suggested ddos attack ... i'm not a webmaster and i've no idea whts going on top top - 20:13:30 up 5:04, 4 users, load average: 4.56, 4.69, 4.59 Tasks: 284 total, 3 running, 281 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 12.1%us, 0.9%sy, 1.7%ni, 69.0%id, 16.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16037152k total, 15875096k used, 162056k free, 360468k buffers Swap: 4194288k total, 888k used, 4193400k free, 14050008k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4151 apache 20 0 277m 84m 3784 R 50.2 0.5 0:01.98 httpd 4115 apache 20 0 210m 16m 4480 S 18.3 0.1 0:00.60 httpd 12885 root 39 19 4296 692 308 S 13.0 0.0 11:09.53 gzip 4177 apache 20 0 214m 20m 3700 R 12.3 0.1 0:00.37 httpd 2219 mysql 20 0 4257m 198m 5668 S 11.0 1.3 42:49.70 mysqld 3691 apache 20 0 206m 14m 6416 S 1.7 0.1 0:03.38 httpd 3934 apache 20 0 211m 17m 4836 S 1.0 0.1 0:03.61 httpd 4098 apache 20 0 209m 17m 3912 S 1.0 0.1 0:04.17 httpd 4116 apache 20 0 211m 17m 4476 S 1.0 0.1 0:00.43 httpd 3867 apache 20 0 217m 23m 4672 S 0.7 0.1 1:03.87 httpd 4146 apache 20 0 209m 15m 3628 S 0.7 0.1 0:00.02 httpd 4149 apache 20 0 209m 15m 3616 S 0.7 0.1 0:00.02 httpd 12884 root 39 19 22336 2356 944 D 0.7 0.0 0:19.21 tar 4054 apache 20 0 206m 12m 4576 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.32 httpd another top top - 15:46:45 up 5:08, 4 users, load average: 5.02, 4.81, 4.64 Tasks: 288 total, 6 running, 281 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 18.4%us, 0.9%sy, 2.3%ni, 56.5%id, 21.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16037152k total, 15792196k used, 244956k free, 360924k buffers Swap: 4194288k total, 888k used, 4193400k free, 13983368k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4622 apache 20 0 209m 16m 3868 S 54.2 0.1 0:03.99 httpd 4514 apache 20 0 213m 20m 3924 R 50.8 0.1 0:04.93 httpd 4627 apache 20 0 221m 27m 4560 R 18.9 0.2 0:01.20 httpd 12885 root 39 19 4296 692 308 S 18.9 0.0 11:51.79 gzip 2219 mysql 20 0 4257m 199m 5668 S 18.3 1.3 43:19.04 mysqld 4512 apache 20 0 227m 33m 4736 R 5.6 0.2 0:01.93 httpd 4520 apache 20 0 213m 19m 4640 S 1.3 0.1 0:01.48 httpd 4590 apache 20 0 212m 19m 3932 S 1.3 0.1 0:00.06 httpd 4573 apache 20 0 210m 16m 3556 R 1.0 0.1 0:00.03 httpd 4562 root 20 0 15164 1388 952 R 0.7 0.0 0:00.08 top 98 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:04.89 kswapd0 100 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:02.85 khugepaged 4579 apache 20 0 209m 16m 3900 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.83 httpd 4637 apache 20 0 209m 15m 3668 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.03 httpd ps aux [root@server ~]# ps aux | grep httpd root 2236 0.0 0.0 207524 10124 ? Ss 15:09 0:03 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3087 2.7 0.1 226968 28232 ? S 20:04 0:06 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3170 2.6 0.1 221296 22292 ? R 20:05 0:05 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3171 9.0 0.1 225044 26768 ? R 20:05 0:17 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3188 1.5 0.1 223644 24724 ? S 20:05 0:03 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3197 2.3 0.1 215908 17520 ? S 20:05 0:04 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3198 1.1 0.0 211700 13000 ? S 20:05 0:02 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3272 2.4 0.1 219960 21540 ? S 20:06 0:03 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3273 2.0 0.0 211600 12804 ? S 20:06 0:03 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3279 3.7 0.1 229024 29900 ? S 20:06 0:05 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3280 1.2 0.0 0 0 ? Z 20:06 0:01 [httpd] <defun ct> apache 3285 2.9 0.1 218532 21604 ? S 20:06 0:04 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3287 30.5 0.4 265084 65948 ? R 20:06 0:43 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3297 1.9 0.1 216068 17332 ? S 20:06 0:02 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3342 2.7 0.1 216716 17828 ? S 20:06 0:03 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3356 1.6 0.1 217244 18296 ? S 20:07 0:01 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3365 6.4 0.1 226044 27428 ? S 20:07 0:06 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3396 0.0 0.1 213844 16120 ? S 20:07 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3399 5.8 0.1 215664 16772 ? S 20:07 0:05 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3422 0.7 0.1 214860 17380 ? S 20:07 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3435 3.3 0.1 216220 17460 ? S 20:07 0:02 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3463 0.1 0.0 212732 15076 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3492 0.0 0.0 207660 7552 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3493 1.4 0.1 218092 19188 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3500 1.9 0.1 224204 26100 ? R 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3501 1.7 0.1 216916 17916 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3502 0.0 0.0 207796 7732 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3505 0.0 0.0 207660 7548 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3529 0.0 0.0 207660 7524 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3531 4.0 0.1 216180 17280 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3532 0.0 0.0 207656 7464 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3543 1.4 0.1 217088 18648 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3544 0.0 0.0 207656 7548 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3545 0.0 0.0 207656 7560 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3546 0.0 0.0 207660 7540 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3547 0.0 0.0 207660 7544 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3548 2.3 0.1 216904 17888 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3550 0.0 0.0 207660 7540 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3551 0.0 0.0 207660 7536 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3552 0.2 0.0 214104 15972 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3553 6.5 0.1 216740 17712 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3554 6.3 0.1 216156 17260 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3555 0.0 0.0 207796 7716 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3556 1.8 0.0 211588 12580 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3557 0.0 0.0 207660 7544 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3565 0.0 0.0 207660 7520 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3570 0.0 0.0 207660 7516 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL apache 3571 0.0 0.0 207660 7504 ? S 20:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/http d -k start -DSSL root 3577 0.0 0.0 103316 860 pts/2 S+ 20:08 0:00 grep httpd httpd error log [Mon Jul 01 18:53:38 2013] [error] [client 2.178.12.67] request failed: error reading the headers, referer: http://akstube.com/image/show/27023/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7-%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4 [Mon Jul 01 18:55:33 2013] [error] [client 91.229.215.240] request failed: error reading the headers, referer: http://akstube.com/image/show/44924 [Mon Jul 01 18:57:02 2013] [error] [client 2.178.12.67] Invalid method in request [Mon Jul 01 18:57:02 2013] [error] [client 2.178.12.67] File does not exist: /var/www/html/501.shtml [Mon Jul 01 19:21:36 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] client denied by server configuration: /var/www/html/server-status [Mon Jul 01 19:21:36 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/html/403.shtml [Mon Jul 01 19:23:57 2013] [error] [client 151.242.14.31] request failed: error reading the headers [Mon Jul 01 19:37:16 2013] [error] [client 2.190.16.65] request failed: error reading the headers [Mon Jul 01 19:56:00 2013] [error] [client 151.242.14.31] request failed: error reading the headers Not a JPEG file: starts with 0x89 0x50 also there is lots of these in the messages log Jul 1 20:15:47 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#11926: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 20:15:47 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#26255: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 20:15:48 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#20093: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 20:15:48 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#8672: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:07 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#39352: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:08 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#25382: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:08 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#9064: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:09 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#35375: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:09 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#61932: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:09 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#4423: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:09 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#40229: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#46128: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#62128: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#35240: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#36774: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#28361: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#14970: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#20216: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.10#31794: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#23042: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#11333: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.10#41807: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#20092: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:14 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#43526: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:15 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#17173: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:15 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#62412: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:15 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.10#63961: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:15 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.10#64345: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:15 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.10#31030: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:16 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#17098: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:16 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#17197: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:16 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#18114: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:16 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#59138: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:45:17 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.9#28715: query (cache) 'www.xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:33 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#26355: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:34 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#34473: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:34 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#62658: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:34 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#51631: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:35 server named[2426]: client 203.88.23.9#54701: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:36 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#63694: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:36 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#18203: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:37 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#9029: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:38 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#58981: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:48:38 server named[2426]: client 203.88.6.10#29321: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:49:47 server named[2426]: client 119.160.127.42#42355: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:49:49 server named[2426]: client 119.160.120.42#46285: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:49:53 server named[2426]: client 119.160.120.42#30696: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:49:54 server named[2426]: client 119.160.127.42#14038: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:49:55 server named[2426]: client 119.160.120.42#33586: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied Jul 1 15:49:56 server named[2426]: client 119.160.127.42#55114: query (cache) 'xxxmaza.com/A/IN' denied

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• SQL SERVER – Beginning of SQL Server Architecture – Terminology – Guest Post

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server Architecture is a very deep subject. Covering it in a single post is an almost impossible task. However, this subject is very popular topic among beginners and advanced users.  I have requested my friend Anil Kumar who is expert in SQL Domain to help me write  a simple post about Beginning SQL Server Architecture. As stated earlier this subject is very deep subject and in this first article series he has covered basic terminologies. In future article he will explore the subject further down. Anil Kumar Yadav is Trainer, SQL Domain, Koenig Solutions. Koenig is a premier IT training firm that provides several IT certifications, such as Oracle 11g, Server+, RHCA, SQL Server Training, Prince2 Foundation etc. In this Article we will discuss about MS SQL Server architecture. The major components of SQL Server are: Relational Engine Storage Engine SQL OS Now we will discuss and understand each one of them. 1) Relational Engine: Also called as the query processor, Relational Engine includes the components of SQL Server that determine what your query exactly needs to do and the best way to do it. It manages the execution of queries as it requests data from the storage engine and processes the results returned. Different Tasks of Relational Engine: Query Processing Memory Management Thread and Task Management Buffer Management Distributed Query Processing 2) Storage Engine: Storage Engine is responsible for storage and retrieval of the data on to the storage system (Disk, SAN etc.). to understand more, let’s focus on the following diagram. When we talk about any database in SQL server, there are 2 types of files that are created at the disk level – Data file and Log file. Data file physically stores the data in data pages. Log files that are also known as write ahead logs, are used for storing transactions performed on the database. Let’s understand data file and log file in more details: Data File: Data File stores data in the form of Data Page (8KB) and these data pages are logically organized in extents. Extents: Extents are logical units in the database. They are a combination of 8 data pages i.e. 64 KB forms an extent. Extents can be of two types, Mixed and Uniform. Mixed extents hold different types of pages like index, System, Object data etc. On the other hand, Uniform extents are dedicated to only one type. Pages: As we should know what type of data pages can be stored in SQL Server, below mentioned are some of them: Data Page: It holds the data entered by the user but not the data which is of type text, ntext, nvarchar(max), varchar(max), varbinary(max), image and xml data. Index: It stores the index entries. Text/Image: It stores LOB ( Large Object data) like text, ntext, varchar(max), nvarchar(max),  varbinary(max), image and xml data. GAM & SGAM (Global Allocation Map & Shared Global Allocation Map): They are used for saving information related to the allocation of extents. PFS (Page Free Space): Information related to page allocation and unused space available on pages. IAM (Index Allocation Map): Information pertaining to extents that are used by a table or index per allocation unit. BCM (Bulk Changed Map): Keeps information about the extents changed in a Bulk Operation. DCM (Differential Change Map): This is the information of extents that have modified since the last BACKUP DATABASE statement as per allocation unit. Log File: It also known as write ahead log. It stores modification to the database (DML and DDL). Sufficient information is logged to be able to: Roll back transactions if requested Recover the database in case of failure Write Ahead Logging is used to create log entries Transaction logs are written in chronological order in a circular way Truncation policy for logs is based on the recovery model SQL OS: This lies between the host machine (Windows OS) and SQL Server. All the activities performed on database engine are taken care of by SQL OS. It is a highly configurable operating system with powerful API (application programming interface), enabling automatic locality and advanced parallelism. SQL OS provides various operating system services, such as memory management deals with buffer pool, log buffer and deadlock detection using the blocking and locking structure. Other services include exception handling, hosting for external components like Common Language Runtime, CLR etc. I guess this brief article gives you an idea about the various terminologies used related to SQL Server Architecture. In future articles we will explore them further. Guest Author  The author of the article is Anil Kumar Yadav is Trainer, SQL Domain, Koenig Solutions. Koenig is a premier IT training firm that provides several IT certifications, such as Oracle 11g, Server+, RHCA, SQL Server Training, Prince2 Foundation etc. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Training, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Solution – Puzzle – Statistics are not Updated but are Created Once

  - by pinaldave

  Earlier I asked puzzle why statistics are not updated. Read the complete details over here: Statistics are not Updated but are Created Once In the question I have demonstrated even though statistics should have been updated after lots of insert in the table are not updated.(Read the details SQL SERVER – When are Statistics Updated – What triggers Statistics to Update) In this example I have created following situation: Create Table Insert 1000 Records Check the Statistics Now insert 10 times more 10,000 indexes Check the Statistics – it will be NOT updated Auto Update Statistics and Auto Create Statistics for database is TRUE Now I have requested two things in the example 1) Why this is happening? 2) How to fix this issue? I have many answers – here is the how I fixed it which has resolved the issue for me. NOTE: There are multiple answers to this problem and I will do my best to list all. Solution: Create nonclustered Index on column City Here is the working example for the same. Let us understand this script and there is added explanation at the end. -- Execution Plans Difference -- Estimated Execution Plan Vs Actual Execution Plan -- Create Sample Database CREATE DATABASE SampleDB GO USE SampleDB GO -- Create Table CREATE TABLE ExecTable (ID INT, FirstName VARCHAR(100), LastName VARCHAR(100), City VARCHAR(100)) GO CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_ExecTable1 ON ExecTable (City); GO -- Insert One Thousand Records -- INSERT 1 INSERT INTO ExecTable (ID,FirstName,LastName,City) SELECT TOP 1000 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name) RowID, 'Bob', CASE WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%2 = 1 THEN 'Smith' ELSE 'Brown' END, CASE WHEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 1 THEN 'New York' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 5 THEN 'San Marino' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 3 THEN 'Los Angeles' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 7 THEN 'La Cinega' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 13 THEN 'San Diego' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 17 THEN 'Las Vegas' ELSE 'Houston' END FROM sys.all_objects a CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects b GO -- Display statistics of the table sp_helpstats N'ExecTable', 'ALL' GO -- Select Statement SELECT FirstName, LastName, City FROM ExecTable WHERE City  = 'New York' GO -- Display statistics of the table sp_helpstats N'ExecTable', 'ALL' GO -- Replace your Statistics over here DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS('ExecTable', IX_ExecTable1); GO -------------------------------------------------------------- -- Round 2 -- Insert One Thousand Records -- INSERT 2 INSERT INTO ExecTable (ID,FirstName,LastName,City) SELECT TOP 1000 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name) RowID, 'Bob', CASE WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%2 = 1 THEN 'Smith' ELSE 'Brown' END, CASE WHEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 1 THEN 'New York' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 5 THEN 'San Marino' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 3 THEN 'Los Angeles' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 7 THEN 'La Cinega' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 13 THEN 'San Diego' WHEN  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name)%20 = 17 THEN 'Las Vegas' ELSE 'Houston' END FROM sys.all_objects a CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects b GO -- Select Statement SELECT FirstName, LastName, City FROM ExecTable WHERE City  = 'New York' GO -- Display statistics of the table sp_helpstats N'ExecTable', 'ALL' GO -- Replace your Statistics over here DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS('ExecTable', IX_ExecTable1); GO -- Clean up Database DROP TABLE ExecTable GO When I created non clustered index on the column city, it also created statistics on the same column with same name as index. When we populate the data in the column the index is update – resulting execution plan to be invalided – this leads to the statistics to be updated in next execution of SELECT. This behavior does not happen on Heap or column where index is auto created. If you explicitly update the index, often you can see the statistics are updated as well. You can see this is for sure happening if you follow the tell of John Sansom. John Sansom‘s suggestion: That was fun! Although the column statistics are invalidated by the time the second select statement is executed, the query is not compiled/recompiled but instead the existing query plan is reused. It is the “next” compiled query against the column statistics that will see that they are out of date and will then in turn instantiate the action of updating statistics. You can see this in action by forcing the second statement to recompile. SELECT FirstName, LastName, City FROM ExecTable WHERE City = ‘New York’ option(RECOMPILE) GO Kevin Cross also have another suggestion: I agree with John. It is reusing the Execution Plan. Aside from OPTION(RECOMPILE), clearing the Execution Plan Cache before the subsequent tests will also work. i.e., run this before round 2: ————————————————————– – Clear execution plan cache before next test DBCC FREEPROCCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS; ————————————————————– Nice puzzle! Kevin As this was puzzle John and Kevin both got the correct answer, there was no condition for answer to be part of best practices. I know John and he is finest DBA around – his tremendous knowledge has always impressed me. John and Kevin both will agree that clearing cache either using DBCC FREEPROCCACHE and recompiling each query every time is for sure not good advice on production server. It is correct answer but not best practice. By the way, if you have better solution or have better suggestion please advise. I am open to change my answer and publish further improvement to this solution. On very separate note, I like to have clustered index on my Primary Key, which I have not mentioned here as it is out of the scope of this puzzle. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Index, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Statistics

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• SQL SERVER – Parsing SSIS Catalog Messages – Notes from the Field #030

  - by Pinal Dave

  [Note from Pinal]: This is a new episode of Notes from the Field series. SQL Server Integration Service (SSIS) is one of the most key essential part of the entire Business Intelligence (BI) story. It is a platform for data integration and workflow applications. The tool may also be used to automate maintenance of SQL Server databases and updates to multidimensional cube data. In this episode of the Notes from the Field series I requested SSIS Expert Andy Leonard to discuss one of the most interesting concepts of SSIS Catalog Messages. There are plenty of interesting and useful information captured in the SSIS catalog and we will learn together how to explore the same. The SSIS Catalog captures a lot of cool information by default. Here’s a query I use to parse messages from the catalog.operation_messages table in the SSISDB database, where the logged messages are stored. This query is set up to parse a default message transmitted by the Lookup Transformation. It’s one of my favorite messages in the SSIS log because it gives me excellent information when I’m tuning SSIS data flows. The message reads similar to: Data Flow Task:Information: The Lookup processed 4485 rows in the cache. The processing time was 0.015 seconds. The cache used 1376895 bytes of memory. The query: USE SSISDB GO DECLARE @MessageSourceType INT = 60 DECLARE @StartOfIDString VARCHAR(100) = 'The Lookup processed ' DECLARE @ProcessingTimeString VARCHAR(100) = 'The processing time was ' DECLARE @CacheUsedString VARCHAR(100) = 'The cache used ' DECLARE @StartOfIDSearchString VARCHAR(100) = '%' + @StartOfIDString + '%' DECLARE @ProcessingTimeSearchString VARCHAR(100) = '%' + @ProcessingTimeString + '%' DECLARE @CacheUsedSearchString VARCHAR(100) = '%' + @CacheUsedString + '%' SELECT operation_id , SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1))) AS LookupRowsCount , SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1))) AS LookupProcessingTime , CASE WHEN (CONVERT(numeric(3,3),SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1))))) = 0 THEN 0 ELSE CONVERT(bigint,SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)))) / CONVERT(numeric(3,3),SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@ProcessingTimeSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@ProcessingTimeString) + 1)))) END AS LookupRowsPerSecond , SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@CacheUsedSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@CacheUsedString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@CacheUsedSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@CacheUsedString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@CacheUsedSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@CacheUsedString) + 1))) AS LookupBytesUsed ,CASE WHEN (CONVERT(bigint,SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)))))= 0 THEN 0 ELSE CONVERT(bigint,SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@CacheUsedSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@CacheUsedString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@CacheUsedSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@CacheUsedString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@CacheUsedSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@CacheUsedString) + 1)))) / CONVERT(bigint,SUBSTRING(MESSAGE, (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1), ((CHARINDEX(' ', MESSAGE, PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString,MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)) - (PATINDEX(@StartOfIDSearchString, MESSAGE) + LEN(@StartOfIDString) + 1)))) END AS LookupBytesPerRow FROM [catalog].[operation_messages] WHERE message_source_type = @MessageSourceType AND MESSAGE LIKE @StartOfIDSearchString GO Note that you have to set some parameter values: @MessageSourceType [int] – represents the message source type value from the following results: Value     Description 10           Entry APIs, such as T-SQL and CLR Stored procedures 20           External process used to run package (ISServerExec.exe) 30           Package-level objects 40           Control Flow tasks 50           Control Flow containers 60           Data Flow task 70           Custom execution message Note: Taken from Reza Rad’s (excellent!) helper.MessageSourceType table found here. @StartOfIDString [VarChar(100)] – use this to uniquely identify the message field value you wish to parse. In this case, the string ‘The Lookup processed ‘ identifies all the Lookup Transformation messages I desire to parse. @ProcessingTimeString [VarChar(100)] – this parameter is message-specific. I use this parameter to specifically search the message field value for the beginning of the Lookup Processing Time value. For this execution, I use the string ‘The processing time was ‘. @CacheUsedString [VarChar(100)] – this parameter is also message-specific. I use this parameter to specifically search the message field value for the beginning of the Lookup Cache  Used value. It returns the memory used, in bytes. For this execution, I use the string ‘The cache used ‘. The other parameters are built from variations of the parameters listed above. The query parses the values into text. The string values are converted to numeric values for ratio calculations; LookupRowsPerSecond and LookupBytesPerRow. Since ratios involve division, CASE statements check for denominators that equal 0. Here are the results in an SSMS grid: This is not the only way to retrieve this information. And much of the code lends itself to conversion to functions. If there is interest, I will share the functions in an upcoming post. If you want to get started with SSIS with the help of experts, read more over at Fix Your SQL Server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: Notes from the Field, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Backup and Restore, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: SSIS

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• SQL Server Table locks in long query - Solution: NoLock?

  - by Kovu

  a report in my application runs a query that needs between 5 - 15 seconds (constrained to count of rows that will be returned). The query has 8 joins to nearly all main-tables of my application (Customers, sales, units etc). A little tool shows me, that in this time, all those 8 tables are locked with a shared table lock. That means, no update operation will be done in this time. A solution from a friend is, to have every join in the query, which is not mandetory to have 100% correct data (dirty read), with a NoLock, so only 1 of this 8 tables will be locked completly. Is that a good solution? For a report in which 99% of data came from one table, unlock the less prio tables?

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• iPhone facebook connect FQL Query to get Profile URL.

  - by user306641

  Hai. I am using Face book Connect FQL Queries to extract my profile photo url that is src_big,src_small URL. But i am always getting the empty array in below delegate (void)request:(FBRequest*)request didLoad:(id)result My FQL query is. NSString* fql = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"SELECT src_big,src_small FROM photo WHERE pid IN (SELECT cover_pid FROM album WHERE owner =%lld AND name ='Profile Pictures')", session.uid]; NSDictionary* params = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:fql forKey:@"query"]; [[FBRequest requestWithDelegate:self] call:@"facebook.fql.query" params:params]; But - (void)request:(FBRequest*)request didLoad:(id)result always return the empty result. Can any one please correct me if there any mistake.

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• How can I Query only __key__ on a Google Appengine PolyModel child?

  - by Gabriel

  So the situation is: I want to optimize my code some for doing counting of records. So I have a parent Model class Base, a PolyModel class Entry, and a child class of Entry Article: How would I query Article.key so I can reduce the query load but only get the Article count. My first thought was to use: q = db.GqlQuery("SELECT __key__ from Article where base = :1", i_base) but it turns out GqlQuery doesn't like that because articles are actually stored in a table called Entry. Would it be possible to Query the class attribute? something like: q = db.GqlQuery("select __key__ from Entry where base = :1 and :2 in class", i_base, 'Article') neither of which work. Turns out the answer is even easier. But I am going to finish this question because I looked everywhere for this. q = db.GqlQuery("select __key__ from Entry where base = :1 and class = :2", i_base, 'Article')

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• getting userbase vote average and individual user's vote in the same query?

  - by Andrew Heath

  Here goes: T1 [id] [desc] 1 lovely 2 ugly 3 slender T2 [id] [userid] [vote] 1 1 3 1 2 5 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 4 2 3 4 In one query (if possible) I'd like to return: T1.id, T1.desc, AVG(T2.vote), T2.vote (for user viewing the page) I can get the first 3 items with: SELECT T1.id, T1.desc, AVG(T2.vote) FROM T1 LEFT JOIN T2 ON T1.id=T2.id GROUP BY T1.id and I can get the first, second, and fourth items with: SELECT T1.id, T1.desc, T2.vote FROM T1 LEFT JOIN T2 ON T1.id=T2.id WHERE T2.userid='1' GROUP BY T1.id but I'm at a loss as to how to get all four items in one query. I tried inserting a select as the fourth term: SELECT T1.id, T1.desc, AVG(T2.vote), (SELECT T2.vote FROM T2 WHERE T2.userid='1') AS userVote etc etc but I get an error that the select returns more than one row... Help? My reason for wanting to do this in one query instead of two is that I want to be able to sort the data within MySQL rather than one it's been split into a number of arrays.

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• Access is refusing to run an query with linked table?

  - by Mahmoud

  Hey all i have 3 tables each as follow cash_credit Bank_Name-------in_date-------Com_Id---Amount America Bank 15/05/2010 1 200 HSBC 17/05/2010 3 500 Cheque_credit Bank_Name-----Cheque_Number-----in_date-------Com_Id---Amount America Bank 74835435-5435 15/05/2010 2 600 HSBC 41415454-2851 17/05/2010 5 100 Companies com_id----Com_Name 1 Ebay 2 Google 3 Facebook 4 Amazon Companies table is a linked table when i tried to create an query as follow SELECT cash_credit.Amount, Companies.Com_Name, cheque_credit.Amount FROM cheque_credit INNER JOIN (cash_credit INNER JOIN Companies ON cash_credit.com_id = Companies.com_id) ON cheque_credit.com_id = Companies.com_id; I get an error saying that my inner Join is incorrectly, this query was created using Access 2007 query design the error is Type mismatch in expression then i thought it might be the inner join so i tried Left Join and i get an error that this method is not used JOIN expression is not supported I am confused on where is the problem that is causing all this

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• How to run a progress-bar through an insert query?

  - by Gold

  I have this insert query: try { Cmd.CommandText = @"INSERT INTO BarcodTbl SELECT * FROM [Text;DATABASE=" + PathI + @"\].[Tmp.txt];"; Cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); Cmd.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } I have two questions: How can I run a progress-bar from the beginning to the end of the insert? If there is an error, I got the error exception and the action will stop - the query stops and the BarcodTbl is empty. How I can see the error and allow the query to continue filling the table?

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• SQLAuthority News – Public Training Classes In Hyderabad 12-14 May – SQL and 10-11 May SharePoint

  - by pinaldave

  There were lots of request about providing more details for the blog post through email address specified in the article SQLAuthority News – Public Training Classes In Hyderabad 12-14 May – Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008 Query Optimization & Performance Tuning. Here is the complete brochure of the course. There are two different courses are offered by Solid Quality Mentors 1) Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008 Query Optimization & Performance Tuning – Pinal Dave Date: May 12-14, 2010 Price: Rs. 14,000/person for 3 days Discount Code: ‘SQLAuthority.com‘ Effective Price: Rs. 11,000/person for 3 days 2) SharePoint 2010 – Joy Rathnayake Date: May 10-11, 2010 Price: Rs. 11,000/person for 3 days Discount Code: ‘SQLAuthority.com’ Effective Price: Rs. 8,000/person for 3 days Download the complete PDF brochure. Additionally there is special program of SolidQ India Insider. I will provide the details for the same very soon. Please do send me email if you need any additional details. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Training, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology

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• SQLAuthority News – Public Training Classes In Hyderabad 12-14 May – SQL and 10-11 May SharePoint

  - by pinaldave

  There were lots of request about providing more details for the blog post through email address specified in the article SQLAuthority News – Public Training Classes In Hyderabad 12-14 May – Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008 Query Optimization & Performance Tuning. Here is the complete brochure of the course. There are two different courses are offered by Solid Quality Mentors 1) Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008 Query Optimization & Performance Tuning – Pinal Dave Date: May 12-14, 2010 Price: Rs. 14,000/person for 3 days Discount Code: ‘SQLAuthority.com‘ Effective Price: Rs. 11,000/person for 3 days 2) SharePoint 2010 – Joy Rathnayake Date: May 10-11, 2010 Price: Rs. 11,000/person for 3 days Discount Code: ‘SQLAuthority.com’ Effective Price: Rs. 8,000/person for 3 days Download the complete PDF brochure. Additionally there is special program of SolidQ India Insider. I will provide the details for the same very soon. Please do send me email if you need any additional details. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Training, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Write T-SQL Self Join Without Using FIRST _VALUE and LAST_VALUE

  - by pinaldave

  Last week we asked a puzzle SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Functions FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE with OVER clause and ORDER BY . This puzzle got very interesting participation. The details of the winner is listed here. In this puzzle we received two very important feedback. This puzzle cleared the concepts of First_Value and Last_Value to the participants. As this was based on SQL Server 2012 many could not participate it as they have yet not installed SQL Server 2012. I really appreciate the feedback of user and decided to come up something as fun and helps learn new feature of SQL Server 2012. Please read yesterday’s blog post SQL SERVER – Introduction to LEAD and LAG – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012 before continuing this puzzle as it is based on yesterday’s post. Yesterday I ran following query which uses functions LEAD and LAG. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty GO The above query will give us the following result: Puzzle: Now use T-SQL Self Join where same table is joined to itself and get the same result without using LEAD or LAG functions. Hint: Introduction to JOINs – Basic of JOINs Self Join A new analytic functions in SQL Server Denali CTP3 – LEAD() and LAG() Rules Leave a comment with your detailed answer by Nov 21's blog post. Open world-wide (where Amazon ships books) If you blog about puzzle’s solution and if you win, you win additional surprise gift as well. Prizes Print copy of my new book SQL Server Interview Questions Amazon|Flipkart If you already have this book, you can opt for any of my other books SQL Wait Stats [Amazon|Flipkart|Kindle] and SQL Programming [Amazon|Flipkart|Kindle]. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – How to Set Variable and Use Variable in SQLCMD Mode

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the question which I received the other day on SQLAuthority Facebook page. Social media is a wonderful thing and I love the active conversation between blog readers and myself – actually I think social media adds lots of human factor to any conversation. Here is the question - “I am using sqlcmd in SSMS – I am not sure how to declare variable and pass it, for example I have a database and it has table, how can I make the table variable dynamic and pass different value everytime?” Fantastic question, and here is its very simple answer. First of all, enable sqlcmd mode in SQL Server Management Studio as described in following image. Now in query editor type following SQL. :SETVAR DatabaseName “AdventureWorks2012″ :SETVAR SchemaName “Person” :SETVAR TableName “EmailAddress“ USE $(DatabaseName); SELECT * FROM $(SchemaName).$(TableName); Note that I have set the value of the database, schema and table as a sqlcmd variable and I am executing the query using the same parameters. Well, that was it, sqlcmd is a very simple language to master and it also aids in doing various tasks easily. If you have any other sqlcmd tips, please leave a comment and I will publish it with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: sqlcmd

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• Getting Query Parameters in Javascript

  - by PhubarBaz

  I find myself needing to get query parameters that are passed into a web app on the URL quite often. At first I wrote a function that creates an associative array (aka object) with all of the parameters as keys and returns it. But then I was looking at the revealing module pattern, a nice javascript design pattern designed to hide private functions, and came up with a way to do this without even calling a function. What I came up with was this nice little object that automatically initializes itself into the same associative array that the function call did previously. // Creates associative array (object) of query params var QueryParameters = (function() {     var result = {};     if (window.location.search)     {         // split up the query string and store in an associative array         var params = window.location.search.slice(1).split("&");         for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++)         {             var tmp = params[i].split("=");             result[tmp[0]] = unescape(tmp[1]);         }     }     return result; }()); Now all you have to do to get the query parameters is just reference them from the QueryParameters object. There is no need to create a new object or call any function to initialize it. var debug = (QueryParameters.debug === "true"); or if (QueryParameters["debug"]) doSomeDebugging(); or loop through all of the parameters. for (var param in QueryParameters) var value = QueryParameters[param]; Hope you find this object useful.

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• SQL SERVER – Plan Cache and Data Cache in Memory

  - by pinaldave

  I get following question almost all the time when I go for consultations or training. I often end up providing the scripts to my clients and attendees. Instead of writing new blog post, today in this single blog post, I am going to cover both the script and going to link to original blog posts where I have mentioned about this blog post. Plan Cache in Memory USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT [text], cp.size_in_bytes, plan_handle FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans AS cp CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) WHERE cp.cacheobjtype = N'Compiled Plan' ORDER BY cp.size_in_bytes DESC GO Further explanation of this script is over here: SQL SERVER – Plan Cache – Retrieve and Remove – A Simple Script Data Cache in Memory USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT COUNT(*) AS cached_pages_count, name AS BaseTableName, IndexName, IndexTypeDesc FROM sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors AS bd INNER JOIN ( SELECT s_obj.name, s_obj.index_id, s_obj.allocation_unit_id, s_obj.OBJECT_ID, i.name IndexName, i.type_desc IndexTypeDesc FROM ( SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS name, index_id ,allocation_unit_id, OBJECT_ID FROM sys.allocation_units AS au INNER JOIN sys.partitions AS p ON au.container_id = p.hobt_id AND (au.TYPE = 1 OR au.TYPE = 3) UNION ALL SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS name, index_id, allocation_unit_id, OBJECT_ID FROM sys.allocation_units AS au INNER JOIN sys.partitions AS p ON au.container_id = p.partition_id AND au.TYPE = 2 ) AS s_obj LEFT JOIN sys.indexes i ON i.index_id = s_obj.index_id AND i.OBJECT_ID = s_obj.OBJECT_ID ) AS obj ON bd.allocation_unit_id = obj.allocation_unit_id WHERE database_id = DB_ID() GROUP BY name, index_id, IndexName, IndexTypeDesc ORDER BY cached_pages_count DESC; GO Further explanation of this script is over here: SQL SERVER – Get Query Plan Along with Query Text and Execution Count Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: SQL Memory

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• SQL SERVER – Copy Column Headers from Resultset – SQL in Sixty Seconds #027 – Video

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server Management Studio returns results in Grid View, Text View and to the file. When we copy results from Grid View to Excel there is a common complaint that the column  header displayed in resultset is not copied to the Excel. I often spend time in performance tuning databases and I run many DMV’s in SSMS to get a quick view of the server. In my case it is almost certain that I need all the time column headers when I copy my data to excel or any other place. SQL Server Management Studio have two different ways to do this. Method 1: Ad-hoc When result is rendered you can right click on the resultset and click on Copy Header. This will copy the headers along with the resultset. Additionally, you can use the shortcut key CTRL+SHIFT+C for coping column headers along with the resultset. Method 2: Option Setting at SSMS level This is SSMS level settings and I kept this option always selected as I often need the column headers when I select the resultset. Go Tools >> Options >> Query Results >> SQL Server >> Results to Grid >> Check the Box “Include column header when copying or saving the results.” Both of the methods are discussed in following SQL in Sixty Seconds Video. Here is the code used in the video. Related Tips in SQL in Sixty Seconds: Copy Column Headers in Query Analyzers in Result Set Getting Columns Headers without Result Data – SET FMTONLY ON If we like your idea we promise to share with you educational material. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video

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• SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats

  - by pinaldave

  Quite often when I am staring at my SSMS I wonder what is going on under the hood in my SQL Server. I often want to know which database is very busy and which database is bit slow because of IO issue. Sometime, I think at the file level as well. I want to know which MDF or NDF is busiest and doing most of the work. Following query gets the same results very quickly. SELECT DB_NAME(vfs.DbId) DatabaseName, mf.name, mf.physical_name, vfs.BytesRead, vfs.BytesWritten, vfs.IoStallMS, vfs.IoStallReadMS, vfs.IoStallWriteMS, vfs.NumberReads, vfs.NumberWrites, (Size*8)/1024 Size_MB FROM ::fn_virtualfilestats(NULL,NULL) vfs INNER JOIN sys.master_files mf ON mf.database_id = vfs.DbId AND mf.FILE_ID = vfs.FileId GO When you run above query you will get many valuable information like what is the size of the file as well how many times the reads and writes are done for each file. It also displays the read/write data in bytes. Due to IO if there has been any stall (delay) in read or write, you can know that as well. I keep this handy but have not shared on blog earlier. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL View, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Statistics

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• SQL SERVER – Copy Column Headers from Resultset – SQL in Sixty Seconds #026 – Video

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server Management Studio returns results in Grid View, Text View and to the file. When we copy results from Grid View to Excel there is a common complaint that the column  header displayed in resultset is not copied to the Excel. I often spend time in performance tuning databases and I run many DMV’s in SSMS to get a quick view of the server. In my case it is almost certain that I need all the time column headers when I copy my data to excel or any other place. SQL Server Management Studio have two different ways to do this. Method 1: Ad-hoc When result is rendered you can right click on the resultset and click on Copy Header. This will copy the headers along with the resultset. Additionally, you can use the shortcut key CTRL+SHIFT+C for coping column headers along with the resultset. Method 2: Option Setting at SSMS level This is SSMS level settings and I kept this option always selected as I often need the column headers when I select the resultset. Go Tools >> Options >> Query Results >> SQL Server >> Results to Grid >> Check the Box “Include column header when copying or saving the results.” Both of the methods are discussed in following SQL in Sixty Seconds Video. Here is the code used in the video. Related Tips in SQL in Sixty Seconds: Copy Column Headers in Query Analyzers in Result Set Getting Columns Headers without Result Data – SET FMTONLY ON If we like your idea we promise to share with you educational material. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video

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• SQL SERVER – Retrieve SQL Server Installation Date Time

  - by pinaldave

  I have been asked this question number of times and my answer always have been – search online and you will find the answer. Every single time when someone has followed my answer – they have found accurate answer in first few clicks. However increasingly this question getting very popular so I have decided to answer this question here. I usually prefer to create my own T-SQL script but in today’s case, I have taken the script from web. I have seen this script at so many places I do not know who is original creator so not sure who should get credit for the same. Question: How to retrieve SQL Server Installation date? Answer: Run following query and it will give you date of SQL Server Installation. SELECT create_date FROM sys.server_principals WHERE sid = 0x010100000000000512000000 Question: I have installed SQL Server Evaluation version how do I know what is the expiry date for it? Answer: SQL Server evaluation period is for 180 days. The expiration date is always 180 days from the initial installation. Following query will give an expiration date of evaluation version. -- Evaluation Version Expire Date SELECT create_date AS InstallationDate, DATEADD(DD, 180, create_date) AS 'Expiry Date' FROM sys.server_principals WHERE sid = 0x010100000000000512000000 GO I believe there is a way to do the same using registry but I have not explored it personally. Now as I said earlier there are many different blog posts on this subject. Let me list a few which I really enjoyed to read personally as they shared few more insights over this subject. Retrieving SQL Server 2012 Evaluation Period Expiry Date How to find the Installation Date for an Evaluation Edition of SQL Server Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DateTime, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Right Aligning Numerics in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server Management Studio is my most favorite tool and the comfort it provides to user is sometime very amazing. Recently I was retrieving numeric data in SSMS and I found it is very difficult to read them as they were all right aligned. Please pay attention to following image, you will notice that it is not easier to read the digits as we are used to read the numbers which are right aligned. I immediately thought before I go for any other tricks I should check the query properties. I right clicked on query properties and I found following option. I checked option Right align numeric values and it just worked fine. Do you have any other similar tricks which do you practice often. I prefer to also include column headers in the result set as it gives me proper perspective of which column I have selected. Sometime little tips like this helps a lot in productivity, I encourage you to share your tips. I will publish it with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #034

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 UDF – User Defined Function to Strip HTML – Parse HTML – No Regular Expression The UDF used in the blog does fantastic task – it scans entire HTML text and removes all the HTML tags. It keeps only valid text data without HTML task. This is one of the quite commonly requested tasks many developers have to face everyday. De-fragmentation of Database at Operating System to Improve Performance Operating system skips MDF file while defragging the entire filesystem of the operating system. It is absolutely fine and there is no impact of the same on performance. Read the entire blog post for my conversation with our network engineers. Delay Function – WAITFOR clause – Delay Execution of Commands How do you delay execution of the commands in SQL Server – ofcourse by using WAITFOR keyword. In this blog post, I explain the same with the help of T-SQL script. Find Length of Text Field To measure the length of TEXT fields the function is DATALENGTH(textfield). Len will not work for text field. As of SQL Server 2005, developers should migrate all the text fields to VARCHAR(MAX) as that is the way forward. Retrieve Current Date Time in SQL Server CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, GETDATE(), {fn NOW()} There are three ways to retrieve the current datetime in SQL SERVER. CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, GETDATE(), {fn NOW()} Explanation and Comparison of NULLIF and ISNULL An interesting observation is NULLIF returns null if it comparison is successful, whereas ISNULL returns not null if its comparison is successful. In one way they are opposite to each other. Here is my question to you - How to create infinite loop using NULLIF and ISNULL? If this is even possible? 2008 Introduction to SERVERPROPERTY and example SERVERPROPERTY is a very interesting system function. It returns many of the system values. I use it very frequently to get different server values like Server Collation, Server Name etc. SQL Server Start Time We can use DMV to find out what is the start time of SQL Server in 2008 and later version. In this blog you can see how you can do the same. Find Current Identity of Table Many times we need to know what is the current identity of the column. I have found one of my developers using aggregated function MAX () to find the current identity. However, I prefer following DBCC command to figure out current identity. Create Check Constraint on Column Some time we just need to create a simple constraint over the table but I have noticed that developers do many different things to make table column follow rules than just creating constraint. I suggest constraint is a very useful concept and every SQL Developer should pay good attention to this subject. 2009 List Schema Name and Table Name for Database This is one of the blog post where I straight forward display script. One of the kind of blog posts, which I still love to read and write. Clustered Index on Separate Drive From Table Location A table devoid of primary key index is called heap, and here data is not arranged in a particular order, which gives rise to issues that adversely affect performance. Data must be stored in some kind of order. If we put clustered index on it then the order will be forced by that index and the data will be stored in that particular order. Understanding Table Hints with Examples Hints are options and strong suggestions specified for enforcement by the SQL Server query processor on DML statements. The hints override any execution plan the query optimizer might select for a query. 2010 Data Pages in Buffer Pool – Data Stored in Memory Cache One of my earlier year article, which I still read it many times and point developers to read it again. It is clear from the Resultset that when more than one index is used, datapages related to both or all of the indexes are stored in Memory Cache separately. TRANSACTION, DML and Schema Locks Can you create a situation where you can see Schema Lock? Well, this is a very simple question, however during the interview I notice over 50 candidates failed to come up with the scenario. In this blog post, I have demonstrated the situation where we can see the schema lock in database. 2011 Solution – Puzzle – Statistics are not updated but are Created Once In this example I have created following situation: Create Table Insert 1000 Records Check the Statistics Now insert 10 times more 10,000 indexes Check the Statistics – it will be NOT updated Auto Update Statistics and Auto Create Statistics for database is TRUE Now I have requested two things in the example 1) Why this is happening? 2) How to fix this issue? Selecting Domain from Email Address This is a straight to script blog post where I explain how to select only domain name from entire email address. Solution – Generating Zero Without using Any Numbers in T-SQL How to get zero digit without using any digit? This is indeed a very interesting question and the answer is even interesting. Try to come up with answer in next 10 minutes and if you can’t come up with the answer the blog post read this post for solution. 2012 Simple Explanation and Puzzle with SOUNDEX Function and DIFFERENCE Function In simple words - SOUNDEX converts an alphanumeric string to a four-character code to find similar-sounding words or names. DIFFERENCE function returns an integer value. The  integer returned is the number of characters in the SOUNDEX values that are the same. Read Only Files and SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) I have come across a very interesting feature in SSMS related to “Read Only” files. I believe it is a little unknown feature as well so decided to write a blog about the same. Identifying Column Data Type of uniqueidentifier without Querying System Tables How do I know if any table has a uniqueidentifier column and what is its value without using any DMV or System Catalogues? Only information you know is the table name and you are allowed to return any kind of error if the table does not have uniqueidentifier column. Read the blog post to find the answer. Solution – User Not Able to See Any User Created Object in Tables – Security and Permissions Issue Interesting question – “When I try to connect to SQL Server, it lets me connect just fine as well let me open and explore the database. I noticed that I do not see any user created instances but when my colleague attempts to connect to the server, he is able to explore the database as well see all the user created tables and other objects. Can you help me fix it?” Importing CSV File Into Database – SQL in Sixty Seconds #018 – Video Here is interesting small 60 second video on how to import CSV file into Database. ColumnStore Index – Batch Mode vs Row Mode Here is the logic behind when Columnstore Index uses Batch Mode and when it uses Row Mode. A batch typically represents about 1000 rows of data. Batch mode processing also uses algorithms that are optimized for the multicore CPUs and increased memory throughput. Follow up – Usage of $rowguid and $IDENTITY This is an excellent follow up blog post of my earlier blog post where I explain where to use $rowguid and $identity.  If you do not know the difference between them, this is a blog with a script example. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Java Hint in NetBeans for Identifying JOptionPanes

  - by Geertjan

  I tend to have "JOptionPane.showMessageDialogs" scattered through my code, for debugging purposes. Now I have a way to identify all of them and remove them one by one, since some of them are there for users of the application so shouldn't be removed, via the Refactoring window: Identifying instances of code that I'm interested in is really trivial: import org.netbeans.spi.editor.hints.ErrorDescription; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.ConstraintVariableType; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.ErrorDescriptionFactory; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.Hint; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.HintContext; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.TriggerPattern; import org.openide.util.NbBundle.Messages; @Hint( displayName = "#DN_ShowMessageDialogChecker", description = "#DESC_ShowMessageDialogChecker", category = "general") @Messages({ "DN_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Found \"ShowMessageDialog\"", "DESC_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Checks for JOptionPane.showMes" }) public class ShowMessageDialogChecker { @TriggerPattern(value = "$1.showMessageDialog", constraints = @ConstraintVariableType(variable = "$1", type = "javax.swing.JOptionPane")) @Messages("ERR_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Are you sure you need this statement?") public static ErrorDescription computeWarning(HintContext ctx) { return ErrorDescriptionFactory.forName( ctx, ctx.getPath(), Bundle.ERR_ShowMessageDialogChecker()); } } Stick the above class, which seriously isn't much code at all, in a module and run it, with this result: Bit trickier to do the fix, i.e., add a bit of code to let the user remove the statement, but I looked in the NetBeans sources and used the System.out fix, which does the same thing:  import com.sun.source.tree.BlockTree; import com.sun.source.tree.StatementTree; import com.sun.source.util.TreePath; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.CompilationInfo; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.WorkingCopy; import org.netbeans.spi.editor.hints.ErrorDescription; import org.netbeans.spi.editor.hints.Fix; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.ConstraintVariableType; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.ErrorDescriptionFactory; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.Hint; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.HintContext; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.JavaFix; import org.netbeans.spi.java.hints.TriggerPattern; import org.openide.util.NbBundle.Messages; @Hint( displayName = "#DN_ShowMessageDialogChecker", description = "#DESC_ShowMessageDialogChecker", category = "general") @Messages({ "DN_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Found \"ShowMessageDialog\"", "DESC_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Checks for JOptionPane.showMes" }) public class ShowMessageDialogChecker { @TriggerPattern(value = "$1.showMessageDialog", constraints = @ConstraintVariableType(variable = "$1", type = "javax.swing.JOptionPane")) @Messages("ERR_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Are you sure you need this statement?") public static ErrorDescription computeWarning(HintContext ctx) { Fix fix = new FixImpl(ctx.getInfo(), ctx.getPath()).toEditorFix(); return ErrorDescriptionFactory.forName( ctx, ctx.getPath(), Bundle.ERR_ShowMessageDialogChecker(), fix); } private static final class FixImpl extends JavaFix { public FixImpl(CompilationInfo info, TreePath tp) { super(info, tp); } @Override @Messages("FIX_ShowMessageDialogChecker=Remove the statement") protected String getText() { return Bundle.FIX_ShowMessageDialogChecker(); } @Override protected void performRewrite(TransformationContext tc) throws Exception { WorkingCopy wc = tc.getWorkingCopy(); TreePath statementPath = tc.getPath(); TreePath blockPath = tc.getPath().getParentPath(); while (!(blockPath.getLeaf() instanceof BlockTree)) { statementPath = blockPath; blockPath = blockPath.getParentPath(); if (blockPath == null) { return; } } BlockTree blockTree = (BlockTree) blockPath.getLeaf(); List<? extends StatementTree> statements = blockTree.getStatements(); List<StatementTree> newStatements = new ArrayList<StatementTree>(); for (Iterator<? extends StatementTree> it = statements.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { StatementTree statement = it.next(); if (statement != statementPath.getLeaf()) { newStatements.add(statement); } } BlockTree newBlockTree = wc.getTreeMaker().Block(newStatements, blockTree.isStatic()); wc.rewrite(blockTree, newBlockTree); } } } Aside from now being able to use "Inspect & Refactor" to identify and fix all instances of JOptionPane.showMessageDialog at the same time, you can also do the fixes per instance within the editor:

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• SQL – Difference Between INNER JOIN and JOIN

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the follow up question to my earlier question SQL – Difference between != and Operator <> used for NOT EQUAL TO Operation. There was a pretty good discussion about this subject earlier and lots of people participated with their opinion. Though the answer was very simple but the conversation was indeed delightful and was indeed very informative. In this blog post I have another following up question to all of you. What is the difference between INNER JOIN and JOIN? If you are working with database you will find developers use above both the kinds of the joins in their SQL Queries. Here is the quick example of the same. Query using INNER JOIN SELECT * FROM Table1 INNER JOIN  Table2 ON Table1.Col1 = Table2.Col1 Query using JOIN SELECT * FROM Table1 JOIN  Table2 ON Table1.Col1 = Table2.Col1 The question is what is the difference between above two syntax. Here is the answer – They are equal to each other. There is absolutely no difference between them. They are equal in performance as well as implementation. JOIN is actually shorter version of INNER JOIN. Personally I prefer to write INNER JOIN because it is much cleaner to read and it avoids any confusion if there is related to JOIN. For example if users had written INNER JOIN instead of JOIN there would have been no confusion in mind and hence there was no need to have original question. Here is the question back to you - Which one of the following syntax do you use when you are inner joining two tables – INNER JOIN or JOIN? and Why? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Joins, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Follow up – Usage of $rowguid and $IDENTITY

  - by pinaldave

  The most common question I often receive is why do I blog? The answer is even simpler – I blog because I get an extremely constructive comment and conversation from people like DHall and Kumar Harsh. Earlier this week, I shared a conversation between Madhivanan and myself regarding how to find out if a table uses ROWGUID or not? I encourage all of you to read the conversation here: SQL SERVER – Identifying Column Data Type of uniqueidentifier without Querying System Tables. In simple words the conversation between Madhivanan and myself brought out a simple query which returns the values of the UNIQUEIDENTIFIER  without knowing the name of the column. David Hall wrote few excellent comments as a follow up and every SQL Enthusiast must read them first, second and third. David is always with positive energy, he first of all shows the limitation of my solution here and here which he follows up with his own solution here. As he said his solution is also not perfect but it indeed leaves learning bites for all of us – worth reading if you are interested in unorthodox solutions. Kumar Harsh suggested that one can also find Identity Column used in the table very similar way using $IDENTITY. Here is how one can do the same. DECLARE @t TABLE ( GuidCol UNIQUEIDENTIFIER DEFAULT newsequentialid() ROWGUIDCOL, IDENTITYCL INT IDENTITY(1,1), data VARCHAR(60) ) INSERT INTO @t (data) SELECT 'test' INSERT INTO @t (data) SELECT 'test1' SELECT $rowguid,$IDENTITY FROM @t There are alternate ways also to find an identity column in the database as well. Following query will give a list of all column names with their corresponding tablename. SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(so.schema_id) SchemaName, so.name TableName, sc.name ColumnName FROM sys.objects so INNER JOIN sys.columns sc ON so.OBJECT_ID = sc.OBJECT_ID AND sc.is_identity = 1 Let me know if you use any alternate method related to identity, I would like to know what you do and how you do when you have to deal with Identity Column. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Technology

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