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• Duplication of Architecture State means physically extra?

  - by Doopy Doo

  Hyper-Threading Technology makes a single physical processor appear as two logical processors; the physical execution resources are shared and the architecture state is duplicated for the two logical processors. So, this means that there are two sets of basic registers such as Next Instruction Pointer, processor registers like AX, BX, CX etc physically embedded in the micro-processor chip, OR they(arch. state) are made to look two sets by some low level duplication by software/OS.

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• C++: Why don't I need to check if references are invalid/null?

  - by jbu

  Hi all, Reading http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/references.html, it says: In general, references should always be valid because you must always initialize a reference. This means that barring some bizarre circumstances (see below), you can be certain that using a reference is just like using a plain old non-reference variable. You don't need to check to make sure that a reference isn't pointing to NULL, and you won't get bitten by an uninitialized reference that you forgot to allocate memory for. My question is how do I know that the object's memory hasn't been freed/deleted AFTER you've initialized the reference. What it comes down to is that I can't take this advice on faith and I need a better explanation. Can anyone shed some light? Thanks, jbu

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• What is the best way to organize Java code since you can't pass by reference?

  - by Adam

  I'm learning how to code in Java after after coming from C. In C I always separated everything into individual functions to make the code easier to follow and edit. I was trying to do this in java but now since I realized that you can't use pointers, I am a bit confused as to what the best way to do this is. So for example I want to have a method that creates four alerts for me. So I pass it an alert builder that can then create the alerts. I can return them in an array, but in my code I already have the alerts individually named, and I would like to keep it that way so I wouldn't need to refer to them as alert[1], alert[2]... etc. So that means I would have to rename them, which would add additional code which would probably be longer than the code in the actual method! Am I thinking about this the right way? Is there anything I can do?

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• C++ is there a difference between assignment inside a pass by value and pass by reference function?

  - by Rémy DAVID

  Is there a difference between foo and bar: class A { Object __o; void foo(Object& o) { __o = o; } void bar(Object o) { __o = o; } } As I understand it, foo performs no copy operation on object o when it is called, and one copy operation for assignment. Bar performs one copy operation on object o when it is called and another one for assignment. So I can more or less say that foo uses 2 times less memory than bar (if o is big enough). Is that correct ? Is it possible that the compiler optimises the bar function to perform only one copy operation on o ? i.e. makes __o pointing on the local copy of argument o instead of creating a new copy?

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• void foo(int &x) -> Ruby? Passing integers by reference?

  - by Earlz

  Hello, as a way to spice up my C++ programming homework, I've decided to instead of typing the C++ from the book onto my computer, instead reforming it in Ruby. Yes it's a bit silly, but I'm bored. Anyway, I'm having trouble converting this kind of function to Ruby void swap(int &a,int &b){ int c=b; b=a; a=c } What would the equivalent ruby code looking inside a function ?

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• how to pass in a reference to a string in javascript?

  - by ijjo

  maybe a closure is my solution? not exactly sure how to pull it off though. the code is set up like so: var globalVar = ''; var globalVar2 = ''; function func() { if (condition) func2(globalVar) else func2(globalVar2) } in func2() i cache some HTML in a main container into the appropriate global variable that i pass to it. basically i have a main container that holds different pages depending on what tab they choose. for performance i want to cache the page into global vars so i need to know what tab is active to figure out which global var to assign the html to.

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• VS 2010 Error “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” when adding Service Reference f

  - by Andy

  I have a VS2010 (RTM) solution which contains: WCF Service project Console WCF client project Class project for DataContracts and members Class project for some simple classes I successfully added a service reference in the console client project and ran the client. I then did a long dev cycle repeatedly modifying the service then updating console service reference. I then changed the namespace and assembly names for the projects as well as the .cs using references and app.config. I of course missed some things as it would not build so I eventually removed the project references and the service reference, cleaned and built successfully. I then attempted to add the service reference again, it discovered it but threw the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” when OK'ing. Fix in answer below...

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• How to reference a particular JSON in a function call.

  - by Jane Wilkie

  Hi guys! I have two javascript routines.. the first one declares some JSON and it contains a function that takes two arguments, the first argument being the json object that needs traversing and the second argument is the tab that the rendering is done in. The second routine merely passes the name of the JSON that needs traversing and tab to render in. The code is below.... <script language="JavaScript1.2" type="text/javascript"> var arr = [ {"id":"10", "class":"child-of-9", "useless":"donotneed"}, {"id":"11", "class":"child-of-10", "useless":"donotneed"}]; var arrtwo = [ {"id":"12", "class":"child-of-12", "useless":"donotneed"}, {"id":"13", "class":"child-of-13", "useless":"donotneed"}]; function render_help(json,tab){ var html=''; for(var i=0;i<json.length;i++){ var obj = json[i]; for(var key in obj){ var attrName = key; var attrValue = obj[key]; if (attrName == "id"){ html = html +'<B>'+attrValue+'</B>'+'<BR><BR>'; }else if (attrName == "class"){ html = html + attrValue + '<BR><BR>'; } } } document.getElementById(tab).innerHTML=(html); } </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2" type="text/javascript"> render_help(arr,"helptab"); </script> Various testing and strategically placed alert boxes indicate that the tab parameter is being passed and interpreted correctly. I know this because when I change .... document.getElementById(tab).innerHTML=(html); to document.getElementById(tab).innerHTML=("Howdy"); and it renders "Howdy" just fine. Putting an alert box (alert(json)) in to check the value of json yields.... [object.Object],[object.Object] The JSON object remains elusive. For the purposes of this scripting I need the JSON "arr" to be iterated over. I feel like the answer is fairly obvious so far no luck. Admittedly I am new with Javascript and I am apparently missing something. Does anyone have a clue as to what I'm overlooking here? Happy New Year to you all! Janie

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• Is it legal for a C++ reference to be NULL?

  - by BCS

  A while back I ran into a bug the looked something like this: void fn(int &i) { printf(&i == NULL ? "NULL\n" : "!NULL\n"); } int main() { int i; int *ip = NULL; fn(i); // prints !NULL fn(*ip); // prints NULL return 0; } More recently, I ran into this comment about C++ references: [References arguments make] it clear, unlike with pointers, that NULL is not a possible value. But, as show above, NULL is a possible value. So where is the error? In the language spec? (Unlikely.) Is the compiler in error for allowing that? Is that coding guide in error (or a little ambiguous)? Or am I just wandering into the minefield known as undefined behavior?

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• How to pass a reference to a string in JavaScript?

  - by ijjo

  Maybe a closure is my solution? Not exactly sure how to pull it off though. The code is set up like so: var globalVar = ''; var globalVar2 = ''; function func() { if (condition) func2(globalVar) else func2(globalVar2) } In func2() I cache some HTML in a main container into the appropriate global variable that I pass to it. Basically I have a main container that holds different pages depending on what tab they choose. For performance I want to cache the page into global vars so I need to know what tab is active to figure out which global var to assign the HTML to.

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• Why won't gcc compile a class declaration as a reference argument?

  - by Jorge

  This compiles fine in Visual studio, but why not in XCode? class A() {}; someMethod(A& a); someMethod(A()); //error: no matching function call in XCode only :( Is this bad form? it seems annoying to have to write the following every time: A a(); someMethod(a); //successful compile on Xcode Am i missing something? I am not very experienced so thank you for any help!

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• [c++] does a const reference prolong the life of a temporary or not?

  - by Kyle

  Why is the output to this #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Sandbox { public: Sandbox(const string& n) : member(n) {} const string& member; }; int main() { Sandbox sandbox(string("four")); cout << sandbox.member << endl; return 0; } this The answer is: and not The answer is: four ?

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• How to return a const QString reference in case of failure?

  - by moala

  Hi, consider the following code: const QString& MyClass::getID(int index) const { if (i < myArraySize && myArray[i]) { return myArray[i]->id; // id is a QString } else { return my_global_empty_qstring; // is a global empty QString } } How can I avoid to have an empty QString without changing the return type of the method? (It seems that returning an empty QString allocated on the stack is a bad idea) Thanks.

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• What happens when you deallocate a reference twice or more in c++?

  - by flopex

  int main(){ Employee *e = new Employee(); delete e; delete e; ... delete e; return 0; }

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• (Rails) How do I reference resources from non-restful views...?

  - by humble_coder

  Hi All, How do you ensure that your javascript includes get included properly for all files everywhere using a particular layout? Basically I have some non-restful actions that I've added. I haven't added any ROUTES for them, however, using normal text rendering works fine. It's when I start requiring different "swf" and "js" files (files which are properly placed in PUBLIC) that things get hairy. I start receiving "406 Not Acceptable" errors telling me that it's looking for the files in a subdirectory of the current controller. As it stands I'm in including the JS in "application" layout file. It works for the INDEX action, but doesn't seem to work for any of the non-restful actions. Thoughts?

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• Frank Buytendijk on Prahalad, Business Best Practices

  - by Bob Rhubart

    In his video on the questionable value of some business best practices, Frank Buytendijk mentions a recent HBR article by business guru C.K. Prahalad. I just learned that Prahalad passed away this past weekend at the age of 68. (Information Week obit) A couple of years ago I had the good fortune to attend Mr. Prahalad’s keynote address at a Gartner event.  He had an audience of software architects absolutely mesmerized as he discussed technology’s role in the changing nature of business competition.  The often dysfunctional relationship between IT and business has and will probably always be hot-button issue. But during Prahalad’s keynote,  there was a palpable sense that the largely technical audience was having some kind of breakthrough, that they had achieved a new level of understanding about the importance of the relationship between the two camps. Fortunately, Prahalad leaves behind a significant body of work that will remain a valuable resource as business and the technology that supports it continues to evolve. Technorati Tags: business best practices,enterprise architecture,prahalad,oracle del.icio.us Tags: business best practices,enterprise architecture,prahalad,oracle

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• Why does TDD work?

  - by CesarGon

  Test-driven development (TDD) is big these days. I often see it recommended as a solution for a wide range of problems here in Programmers SE and other venues. I wonder why it works. From an engineering point of view, it puzzles me for two reasons: The "write test + refactor till pass" approach looks incredibly anti-engineering. If civil engineers used that approach for bridge construction, or car designers for their cars, for example, they would be reshaping their bridges or cars at very high cost, and the result would be a patched-up mess with no well thought-out architecture. The "refactor till pass" guideline is often taken as a mandate to forget architectural design and do whatever is necessary to comply with the test; in other words, the test, rather than the user, sets the requirement. In this situation, how can we guarantee good "ilities" in the outcomes, i.e. a final result that is not only correct but also extensible, robust, easy to use, reliable, safe, secure, etc.? This is what architecture usually does. Testing cannot guarantee that a system works; it can only show that it doesn't. In other words, testing may show you that a system contains defects if it fails a test, but a system that passes all tests is not safer than a system that fails them. Test coverage, test quality and other factors are crucial here. The false safe feelings that an "all green" outcomes produces to many people has been reported in civil and aerospace industries as extremely dangerous, because it may be interepreted as "the system is fine", when it really means "the system is as good as our testing strategy". Often, the testing strategy is not checked. Or, who tests the tests? I would like to see answers containing reasons why TDD in software engineering is a good practice, and why the issues that I have explained above are not relevant (or not relevant enough) in the case of software. Thank you.

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• Architectural and Design Challenges with SOA

  With all of the hype about service oriented architecture (SOA) primarily through the use of web services, not much has been said about potential issues of using SOA in the design of an application. I am personally a fan of SOA, but it is not the solution for every application. Proper evaluation should be done on all requirements and use cases prior to deciding to go down the SOA road. It is important to consider how your application/service will handle the following perils as it executes. Example Challenges of SOA Network Connectivity Issues Handling Connectivity Issues Longer Processing/Transaction Times How many of us have had issues visiting our favorite web sites from time to time? The same issue will occur when using service based architecture especially if it is implemented using web services. Forcing applications to access services via a network connection introduces a lot of new failure points to the application. Potential failure points include: DNS issues, network hardware issues, remote server issues, and the lack of physical network connections. When network connectivity issues do occur, how are the service clients are implemented is very important. Should the client wait and poll the service until it is accessible again? If so what is the maximum wait time or number of attempts it should retry. Due to the fact of services being distributed across a network automatically increase the responsiveness of client applications due to the fact that processing time must now also include time to send and receive messages from called services. This could add nanoseconds to minutes per each request based on network load and server usage of the service provider. If speed highly desirable quality attribute then I would consider creating components that are hosted where the client application is located. References: Rader, Dave. (2002). Overcoming Web Services Challenges with Smart Design: http://soa.sys-con.com/node/39458

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• How do you properly organize a commercial game?

  - by Reactorcore

  For the past months I've been studying programming and I've finally learned how to code, but one thing that is confusing me is how to properly organize the design of a game project - code wise. The game I'm building is a pretty standard commercial game. It has the basic components of a normal game: A world, characters and items interacting with each other and all of this is run by game manager. Basically you play as a hero in a world and do stuff. Fight, explore and interact. Think of your standard adventure game that starts off with an intro, goes to the menu system, then gets into the game and back to the menu. Pretty much like 99% of any commercial game or otherwise serious game projects. Thats what I'm aiming at. The problem is: How do you properly code a commercial game architecture? How do you organize it? How do you make it not become unmaintainable spaghetti code? What specific things to keep in mind when building this, codewise? How you can help me: a) Please tell how do you code your own game projects. What is your thought-process when designing the architecture? b) Recommend books, blogs, tutorials, videos or anything else on how to organize a commercial video game. c) Give hints and tips on do's/don'ts when building a game, codewise. Please help!

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• SOA Starting Point: Methods for Service Identification and Definition

  As more and more companies start to incorporate a Service Oriented Architectural design approach into their existing enterprise systems, it creates the need for a standardized integration technology. One common technology used by companies is an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). An ESB, as defined by Progress Software, connects and mediates all communications and interactions between services. In essence an ESB is a form of middleware that allows services to communicate with one another regardless of framework, environment, or location. With the emergence of ESB, a new emphasis is now being placed on approaches that can be used to determine what Web services should be built. In addition, what order should these services be built? In May 2011, SOA Magazine published an article that identified 10 common methods for identifying and defining services. SOA’s Ten Common Methods for Service Identification and Definition: Business Process Decomposition Business Functions Business Entity Objects Ownership and Responsibility Goal-Driven Component-Based Existing Supply (Bottom-Up) Front-Office Application Usage Analysis Infrastructure Non-Functional Requirements  Each of these methods provides various pros and cons in regards to their use within the design process. I personally feel that during a design process, multiple methodologies should be used in order to accurately define a design for a system or enterprise system. Personally, I like to create a custom cocktail derived from combining these methodologies in order to ensure that my design fits with the project’s and business’s needs while still following development standards and guidelines. Of these ten methods, I am particularly fond of Business Process Decomposition, Business Functions, Goal-Driven, Component-Based, and routinely use them in my designs.  Works Cited Hubbers, J.-W., Ligthart, A., & Terlouw , L. (2007, 12 10). Ten Ways to Identify Services. Retrieved from SOA Magazine: http://www.soamag.com/I13/1207-1.php Progress.com. (2011, 10 30). ESB ARCHITECTURE AND LIFECYCLE DEFINITION. Retrieved from Progress.com: http://web.progress.com/en/esb-architecture-lifecycle-definition.html

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• nodejs daemon wrong architecture

  - by Greg Pagendam-Turner

  I'm trying to run 'dali' a highcharts exporter from nodejs on my Mac under OSX Mountain Lion I'm getting the following error: module.js:485 process.dlopen(filename, module.exports); ^ Error: dlopen(/Users/greg/node_modules/daemon/lib/daemon.v0.8.8.node, 1): no suitable image found. Did find: /Users/greg/node_modules/daemon/lib/daemon.v0.8.8.node: mach-o, but wrong architecture at Object.Module._extensions..node (module.js:485:11) at Module.load (module.js:356:32) at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12) at Module.require (module.js:362:17) at require (module.js:378:17) at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/greg/node_modules/daemon/lib/daemon.js:12:11) at Module._compile (module.js:449:26) at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:467:10) at Module.load (module.js:356:32) at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12) The key part is: "wrong architecture" If I run: lipo -info /Users/greg/node_modules/daemon/lib/daemon.v0.8.8.node It returns: Non-fat file: /Users/greg/node_modules/daemon/lib/daemon.v0.8.8.node is architecture: i386 I'm guessing a x64 version is requried. How do I get and install the 64 bit version of this lib?

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• gcc architecture question

  - by Andy

  Hi, I'm compiling my program with architecture set to -mtune=i386 However, I'm also linking statically against several libs (libpng, zlib, jpeglib, vorbisfile, libogg). I've built these libs on my own using configure and make, so I guess these libs were built with architecture being set to my system's architecture which would be i686. But I don't want that! I want my program to run on i386, too, so I need to make sure that all these libs that I'm statically linking against are built for i386, too. So my question: Is there a convenient way to build libpng/zlib/jpeglib/vorbisfile/libogg etc. for i386 or do I have to modify all of their makefiles manually and make sure that -mtune is set to i386? Thanks for help! Andy

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• Flex Framework vs. Micro-Architecture

  - by droboZ

  I'm in the process of choosing a framework for my flex development, and one of the questions that was asked about a framework was "is this a framework or a micro-architecture"? Can someone clarify what's the difference? What exactly is a framework, and when can we start calling what we have a framework? I work with FlexBuilder3 (now called FlashBuilder4) and have a lot of standard things that I do for almost all projects, and components that I created for easy re-use. Some are very very small, but the benefit of a 1-liner has been immense for me instead of repeating the code over and over. So in the framework/micro-architecture scheme, can I say that these are my internal in-house framework or are they part of a micro-architecture? Trying to understand this topic better.

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• Framework vs. Micro-Architecture, which is mine

  - by droboZ

  I'm in the process of choosing a framework for my flex development, and one of the questions that was asked about a framework was "is this a framework or a micro-architecture"? Can someone clarify what's the difference? What exactly is a framework, and when can we start calling what we have a framework? I work with FlexBuilder3 (now called FlashBuilder4) and have a lot of standard things that I do for almost all projects, and components that I created for easy re-use. Some are very very small, but the benefit of a 1-liner has been immense for me instead of repeating the code over and over. So in the framework/micro-architecture scheme, can I say that these are my internal in-house framework or are they part of a micro-architecture? Trying to understand this topic better.

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• program "is not up to date" execution error in wedit lcc-win32

  - by Rowhawn

  I'm attempting to compile a simple hello world program in c with lcc-win32/wedit, and i'm a little unfamiliar with windows c programming. #include int main(void){ printf("hellow\n"); return 0; } When I compile the program the console output is Wedit output window build: Tue Jun 15 09:13:17 2010 c:\lcc\lib\lcccrt0.obj .text: undefined reference to '_RtlUnwind@16' c:\lcc\lib\lcccrt0.obj .text: undefined reference to '_signal' c:\lcc\lib\lcccrt0.obj .text: undefined reference to '_raise' c:\lcc\lib\lcccrt0.obj .text: undefined reference to '_exit' asctoq.obj .text: undefined reference to '_strnicmp' defaulttrap.obj .text: undefined reference to 'imp_iob' defaulttrap.obj .text: undefined reference to '_fwrite' defaulttrap.obj .text: undefined reference to '_itoa' defaulttrap.obj .text: undefined reference to '_strcat' defaulttrap.obj .text: undefined reference to '_MessageBoxA@16' defaulttrap.obj .text: undefined reference to '_abort' powlasm.obj .text: undefined reference to '_pow' qfloat.obj .text: undefined reference to '_memset' qfloat.obj .text: undefined reference to '_strchr' qfloat.obj .text: undefined reference to '_memmove' strlcpy.obj .text: undefined reference to '_memcpy' xprintf.obj .text: undefined reference to '_localeconv' xprintf.obj .text: undefined reference to '_strtol' xprintf.obj .text: undefined reference to '_wcslen' xprintf.obj .text: undefined reference to '_wctomb' xprintf.obj .text: undefined reference to '_fputc' search Compilation + link time:0.1 sec, Return code: 60 when I attempt to execute the program within wedit i get a dialog box that says "hello.exe is not up-to-date. Rebuild?" If I click yes, nothing happens. If I click no, a dos window pops up saying "C:\lcc\projects\lcc2\hello.exe" Return code -1 Execution time 0.001 seconds Press any key to continue... This continues to happen no matter how many times i compile/rebuild. Any ideas?

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