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  • Setting up relations/mappings for a SQLAlchemy many-to-many database

    - by Brent Ramerth
    I'm new to SQLAlchemy and relational databases, and I'm trying to set up a model for an annotated lexicon. I want to support an arbitrary number of key-value annotations for the words which can be added or removed at runtime. Since there will be a lot of repetition in the names of the keys, I don't want to use this solution directly, although the code is similar. My design has word objects and property objects. The words and properties are stored in separate tables with a property_values table that links the two. Here's the code: from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Table, create_engine from sqlalchemy import MetaData, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.orm import relation, mapper, sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base engine = create_engine('sqlite:///test.db', echo=True) meta = MetaData(bind=engine) property_values = Table('property_values', meta, Column('word_id', Integer, ForeignKey('words.id')), Column('property_id', Integer, ForeignKey('properties.id')), Column('value', String(20)) ) words = Table('words', meta, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20)), Column('freq', Integer) ) properties = Table('properties', meta, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20), nullable=False, unique=True) ) meta.create_all() class Word(object): def __init__(self, name, freq=1): self.name = name self.freq = freq class Property(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name mapper(Property, properties) Now I'd like to be able to do the following: Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) s = Session() word = Word('foo', 42) word['bar'] = 'yes' # or word.bar = 'yes' ? s.add(word) s.commit() Ideally this should add 1|foo|42 to the words table, add 1|bar to the properties table, and add 1|1|yes to the property_values table. However, I don't have the right mappings and relations in place to make this happen. I get the sense from reading the documentation at http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/05/mappers.html#association-pattern that I want to use an association proxy or something of that sort here, but the syntax is unclear to me. I experimented with this: mapper(Word, words, properties={ 'properties': relation(Property, secondary=property_values) }) but this mapper only fills in the foreign key values, and I need to fill in the other value as well. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Exception Handling in google app engine

    - by Rahul99
    i am raising exception using if UserId == '' and Password == '': raise Exception.MyException , "wrong userId or password" but i want print the error message on same page class MyException(Exception): def __init__(self,msg): Exception.__init__(self,msg)

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  • [Django] How to find out whether a model's column is a foreign key?

    - by codethief
    I'm dynamically storing information in the database depending on the request: // table, id and column are provided by the request table_obj = getattr(models, table) record = table_obj.objects.get(pk=id) setattr(record, column, request.POST['value']) The problem is that request.POST['value'] sometimes contains a foreign record's primary key (i.e. an integer) whereas Django expects the column's value to be an object of type ForeignModel: Cannot assign "u'122'": "ModelA.b" must be a "ModelB" instance. Now, is there an elegant way to dynamically check whether b is a column containing foreign keys and what model these keys are linked to? (So that I can load the foreign record by it's primary key and assign it to ModelA?) Or doesn't Django provide information like this to the programmer so I really have to get my hands dirty and use isinstance() on the foreign-key column?

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  • Ternary operator

    - by Antoine Leclair
    In PHP, I often use the ternary operator to add an attribute to an html element if it applies to the element in question. For example: <select name="blah"> <option value="1"<?= $blah == 1 ? ' selected="selected"' : '' ?>> One </option> <option value="2"<?= $blah == 2 ? ' selected="selected"' : '' ?>> Two </option> </select> I'm starting a project with Pylons using Mako for the templating. How can I achieve something similar? Right now, I see two possibilities that are not ideal. Solution 1: <select name="blah"> % if blah == 1: <option value="1" selected="selected">One</option> % else: <option value="1">One</option> % endif % if blah == 2: <option value="2" selected="selected">Two</option> % else: <option value="2">Two</option> % endif </select> Solution 2: <select name="blah"> <option value="1" % if blah == 1: selected="selected" % endif >One</option> <option value="2" % if blah == 2: selected="selected" % endif >Two</option> </select> In this particular case, the value is equal to the variable tested (value="1" = blah == 1), but I use the same pattern in other situations, like <?= isset($variable) ? ' value="$variable" : '' ?>. I am looking for a clean way to achieve this using Mako.

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  • What is the Simplest Possible Payment Gateway to Implement? (using Django)

    - by b14ck
    I'm developing a web application that will require users to either make one time deposits of money into their account, or allow users to sign up for recurring billing each month for a certain amount of money. I've been looking at various payment gateways, but most (if not all) of them seem complex and difficult to get working. I also see no real active Django projects which offer simple views for making payments. Ideally, I'd like to use something like Amazon FPS, so that I can see online transaction logs, refund money, etc., but I'm open to other things. I just want the EASIEST possible payment gateway to integrate with my site. I'm not looking for anything fancy, whatever does the job, and requires < 10 hours to get working from start to finish would be perfect. I'll give answer points to whoever can point out a good one. Thanks!

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  • How to write data by dynamic parameter name

    - by Maxim Welikobratov
    I need to be able to write data to datastore of google-app-engine for some known entity. But I don't want write assignment code for each parameter of the entity. I meen, I don't want do like this val_1 = self.request.get('prop_1') val_2 = self.request.get('prop_2') ... val_N = self.request.get('prop_N') item.prop_1 = val_1 item.prop_2 = val_2 ... item.prop_N = val_N item.put() instead, I want to do something like this args = self.request.arguments() for prop_name in args: item.set(prop_name, self.request.get(prop_name)) item.put() dose anybody know how to do this trick?

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  • Reverse mapping from a table to a model in SQLAlchemy

    - by Jace
    To provide an activity log in my SQLAlchemy-based app, I have a model like this: class ActivityLog(Base): __tablename__ = 'activitylog' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) activity_by_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'), nullable=False) activity_by = relation(User, primaryjoin=activity_by_id == User.id) activity_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False) activity_type = Column(SmallInteger, nullable=False) target_table = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) target_id = Column(Integer, nullable=False) target_title = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) The log contains entries for multiple tables, so I can't use ForeignKey relations. Log entries are made like this: doc = Document(name=u'mydoc', title=u'My Test Document', created_by=user, edited_by=user) session.add(doc) session.flush() # See note below log = ActivityLog(activity_by=user, activity_type=ACTIVITY_ADD, target_table=Document.__table__.name, target_id=doc.id, target_title=doc.title) session.add(log) This leaves me with three problems: I have to flush the session before my doc object gets an id. If I had used a ForeignKey column and a relation mapper, I could have simply called ActivityLog(target=doc) and let SQLAlchemy do the work. Is there any way to work around needing to flush by hand? The target_table parameter is too verbose. I suppose I could solve this with a target property setter in ActivityLog that automatically retrieves the table name and id from a given instance. Biggest of all, I'm not sure how to retrieve a model instance from the database. Given an ActivityLog instance log, calling self.session.query(log.target_table).get(log.target_id) does not work, as query() expects a model as parameter. One workaround appears to be to use polymorphism and derive all my models from a base model which ActivityLog recognises. Something like this: class Entity(Base): __tablename__ = 'entities' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) title = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) edited_at = Column(DateTime, onupdate=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False) entity_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': entity_type} class Document(Entity): __tablename__ = 'documents' __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'document'} body = Column(UnicodeText, nullable=False) class ActivityLog(Base): __tablename__ = 'activitylog' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) ... target_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('entities.id'), nullable=False) target = relation(Entity) If I do this, ActivityLog(...).target will give me a Document instance when it refers to a Document, but I'm not sure it's worth the overhead of having two tables for everything. Should I go ahead and do it this way?

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  • Is django orm & templates thread safe?

    - by Piotr Czapla
    I'm using django orm and templates to create a background service that is ran as management command. Do you know if django is thread safe? I'd like to use threads to speed up processing. The processing is blocked by I/O not CPU so I don't care about performance hit caused by GIL.

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  • how to login in google account with app engine webproxy

    - by user313446
    hi,a webproxy on app engine oncyberspace.appspot.com , save cookie in the database, when i try to login in the google with my account, it redirect to google.com . how to solve these problem ? and another problem , when i this the above web to login in twitter,it works !but i can not use it to update my tweet. i don't know why, may be i can't pass oauth . how to solve this ?

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  • Performing non-blocking requests? - Django

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have been playing with other frameworks, such as NodeJS, lately. I love the possibility to return a response, and still being able to do further operations. e.g. def view(request): do_something() return HttpResponse() do_more_stuff() #not possible!!! Maybe Django already offers a way to perform operations after returning a request, if that is the case that would be great. Help would be very much appreciated! =D

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  • Pygame, sounds don't play

    - by terabytest
    I'm trying to play sound files (.wav) with pygame but when I start it I never hear anything. This is the code: import pygame pygame.init() pygame.mixer.init() sounda= pygame.mixer.Sound("desert_rustle.wav") sounda.play() I also tried using channels but the result is the same

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  • App-Engine Parse a UrlFetch UTF-8 encoded stream

    - by Davidrd91
    I am trying to parse an XML from a URL using the xml.sax parser. I know there are other libraries to use but coming from Java this is the one I am most familiar with and seems the least complicated to me. The code I'm using to parse is as follows: parser = xml.sax.make_parser() handler = MangaHandler() parser.setContentHandler(handler) url = urlfetch.Fetch('http://www.mangapanda.com/alphabetical', allow_truncated = False, follow_redirects = False, deadline = False) xml.sax.parseString(url.content, handler) This returns a SaxException (invalid token) once the parser reaches the first & sign: SAXParseException: <unknown>:582:34: not well-formed (invalid token) Because urlfetch returns a string and not a stream I cannot use the parse() (which only works with streams) and am left to use parseString() instead. To see if parsing as a stream would fix this I tried: parser.parse(io.StringIO(url.content).encode('utf-8')) but this returns: TypeError: initial_value must be unicode or None, not str I have also tried to use the urllib2 libraries which do return a stream instead of urlfetch but the file is too large and is automatically truncated, leaving me with missing data. Any Sort of work-around for this would be greatly appreciated as I've spent days getting around one obstacle just to be stopped by another.

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  • Decorator for determining HTTP response from a view

    - by polera
    I want to create a decorator that will allow me to return a raw or "string" representation of a view if a GET parameter "raw" equals "1". The concept works, but I'm stuck on how to pass context to my renderer. Here's what I have so far: from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.http import HttpResponse from django.template.loader import render_to_string def raw_response(template): def wrap(view): def response(request,*args,**kwargs): if request.method == "GET": try: if request.GET['raw'] == "1": render = HttpResponse(render_to_string(template,{}),content_type="text/plain") return render except Exception: render = render_to_response(template,{}) return render return response return wrap Currently, the {} is there just as a place holder. Ultimately, I'd like to be able to pass a dict like this: @raw_response('my_template_name.html') def view_name(request): render({"x":42}) Any assistance is appreciated.

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  • Django and mod_python intermittent error?

    - by Peter
    I have a Django site at http://sm.rutgers.edu/relive/af_api/index/. It is supposed to display "Home of the relive APIs". If you refresh this page many times, you can see different renderings. 1) The expected page. 2) Django "It worked!" page. 3) "ImportError at /index/" page. If you scroll down enough to ROOT_URLCONF part, you will see it says 'relive.urls'. But apparently, it should be 'af_api.urls', which is in my settings.py file. Since these results happen randomly, is it possible that either Django or mod_python is working unstably?

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  • Sqlalchemy complex in_ clause

    - by lostlogic
    I'm trying to find a way to cause sqlalchemy to generate sql of the following form: select * from t where (a,b) in ((a1,b1),(a2,b2)); Is this possible? If not, any suggestions on a way to emulate it? Thanks kindly!

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  • Problem with anchor tags in Django after using lighttpd + fastcgi

    - by Drew A
    I just started using lighttpd and fastcgi for my django site, but I've noticed my anchor links are no longer working. I used the anchor links for sorting links on the page, for example I use an anchor to sort links by the number of points (or votes) they have received. For example: the code in the html template: ... {% load sorting_tags %} ... {% ifequal sort_order "points" %} {% trans "total points" %} {% trans "or" %} {% anchor "date" "date posted" %} {% order_by_votes links request.direction %} {% else %} {% anchor "points" "total points" %} {% trans "or" %} {% trans "date posted" %} ... The anchor link on "www.mysite.com/my_app/" for total points will be directed to "my_app/?sort=points" But the correct URL should be "www.mysite.com/my_app/?sort=points" All my other links work, the problem is specific to anchor links. The {% anchor %} tag is taken from django-sorting, the code can be found at http://github.com/directeur/django-sorting Specifically in django-sorting/templatetags/sorting_tags.py Thanks in advance.

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  • How can I handle dynamic calculated attributes in a model in Django?

    - by bullfish
    In Django I calculate the breadcrumb (a list of fathers) for an geographical object. Since it is not going to change very often, I am thinking of pre calculating it once the object is saved or initialized. 1.) What would be better? Which solution would have a better performance? To calculate it at _init_ or to calculate it when the object is saved (the object takes about 500-2000 characters in the DB)? 2.) I tried to overwrite the _init_ or save() methods but I don't know how to use attributes of the just saved object. Accessing *args, **kwargs did not work. How can I access them? Do I have to save, access the father and then save again? 3.) If I decide to save the breadcrumb. Whats the best way to do it? I used http://www.djangosnippets.org/snippets/1694/ and have crumb = PickledObjectField(). Thats the method to calculate the attribute crumb() def _breadcrumb(self): breadcrumb = [ ] x = self while True: x = x.father try: if hasattr(x, 'country'): breadcrumb.append(x.country) elif hasattr(x, 'region'): breadcrumb.append(x.region) elif hasattr(x, 'city'): breadcrumb.append(x.city) else: break except: break breadcrumb.reverse() return breadcrumb Thats my save-Method: def save(self,*args, **kwargs): # how can I access the father ob the object? father = self.father # does obviously not work father = kwargs['father'] # does not work either # the breadcrumb gets calculated here self.crumb = self._breadcrumb(father) super(GeoObject, self).save(*args,**kwargs) Please help me out. I am working on this for days now. Thank you.

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  • Creating a new plugin for mpld3

    - by sjp14051
    Toward learning how to create a new mpld3 plugin, I took an existing example, LinkedDataPlugin (http://mpld3.github.io/examples/heart_path.html), and modified it slightly by deleting references to lines object. That is, I created the following: class DragPlugin(plugins.PluginBase): JAVASCRIPT = r""" mpld3.register_plugin("drag", DragPlugin); DragPlugin.prototype = Object.create(mpld3.Plugin.prototype); DragPlugin.prototype.constructor = DragPlugin; DragPlugin.prototype.requiredProps = ["idpts", "idpatch"]; DragPlugin.prototype.defaultProps = {} function DragPlugin(fig, props){ mpld3.Plugin.call(this, fig, props); }; DragPlugin.prototype.draw = function(){ var patchobj = mpld3.get_element(this.props.idpatch, this.fig); var ptsobj = mpld3.get_element(this.props.idpts, this.fig); var drag = d3.behavior.drag() .origin(function(d) { return {x:ptsobj.ax.x(d[0]), y:ptsobj.ax.y(d[1])}; }) .on("dragstart", dragstarted) .on("drag", dragged) .on("dragend", dragended); patchobj.path.attr("d", patchobj.datafunc(ptsobj.offsets, patchobj.pathcodes)); patchobj.data = ptsobj.offsets; ptsobj.elements() .data(ptsobj.offsets) .style("cursor", "default") .call(drag); function dragstarted(d) { d3.event.sourceEvent.stopPropagation(); d3.select(this).classed("dragging", true); } function dragged(d, i) { d[0] = ptsobj.ax.x.invert(d3.event.x); d[1] = ptsobj.ax.y.invert(d3.event.y); d3.select(this) .attr("transform", "translate(" + [d3.event.x,d3.event.y] + ")"); patchobj.path.attr("d", patchobj.datafunc(ptsobj.offsets, patchobj.pathcodes)); } function dragended(d, i) { d3.select(this).classed("dragging", false); } } mpld3.register_plugin("drag", DragPlugin); """ def __init__(self, points, patch): print "Points ID : ", utils.get_id(points) self.dict_ = {"type": "drag", "idpts": utils.get_id(points), "idpatch": utils.get_id(patch)} However, when I try to link the plugin to a figure, as in plugins.connect(fig, DragPlugin(points[0], patch)) I get an error, 'module' is not callable, pointing to this line. What does this mean and why doesn't it work? Thanks. I'm adding additional code to show that linking more than one Plugin might be problematic. But this may be entirely due to some silly mistake on my part, or there is a way around it. The following code based on LinkedViewPlugin generates three panels, in which the top and the bottom panel are supposed to be identical. Mouseover in the middle panel was expected to control the display in the top and bottom panels, but updates occur in the bottom panel only. It would be nice to be able to figure out how to reflect the changes in multiple panels. Thanks. import matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import mpld3 from mpld3 import plugins, utils class LinkedView(plugins.PluginBase): """A simple plugin showing how multiple axes can be linked""" JAVASCRIPT = """ mpld3.register_plugin("linkedview", LinkedViewPlugin); LinkedViewPlugin.prototype = Object.create(mpld3.Plugin.prototype); LinkedViewPlugin.prototype.constructor = LinkedViewPlugin; LinkedViewPlugin.prototype.requiredProps = ["idpts", "idline", "data"]; LinkedViewPlugin.prototype.defaultProps = {} function LinkedViewPlugin(fig, props){ mpld3.Plugin.call(this, fig, props); }; LinkedViewPlugin.prototype.draw = function(){ var pts = mpld3.get_element(this.props.idpts); var line = mpld3.get_element(this.props.idline); var data = this.props.data; function mouseover(d, i){ line.data = data[i]; line.elements().transition() .attr("d", line.datafunc(line.data)) .style("stroke", this.style.fill); } pts.elements().on("mouseover", mouseover); }; """ def __init__(self, points, line, linedata): if isinstance(points, matplotlib.lines.Line2D): suffix = "pts" else: suffix = None self.dict_ = {"type": "linkedview", "idpts": utils.get_id(points, suffix), "idline": utils.get_id(line), "data": linedata} class LinkedView2(plugins.PluginBase): """A simple plugin showing how multiple axes can be linked""" JAVASCRIPT = """ mpld3.register_plugin("linkedview", LinkedViewPlugin2); LinkedViewPlugin2.prototype = Object.create(mpld3.Plugin.prototype); LinkedViewPlugin2.prototype.constructor = LinkedViewPlugin2; LinkedViewPlugin2.prototype.requiredProps = ["idpts", "idline", "data"]; LinkedViewPlugin2.prototype.defaultProps = {} function LinkedViewPlugin2(fig, props){ mpld3.Plugin.call(this, fig, props); }; LinkedViewPlugin2.prototype.draw = function(){ var pts = mpld3.get_element(this.props.idpts); var line = mpld3.get_element(this.props.idline); var data = this.props.data; function mouseover(d, i){ line.data = data[i]; line.elements().transition() .attr("d", line.datafunc(line.data)) .style("stroke", this.style.fill); } pts.elements().on("mouseover", mouseover); }; """ def __init__(self, points, line, linedata): if isinstance(points, matplotlib.lines.Line2D): suffix = "pts" else: suffix = None self.dict_ = {"type": "linkedview", "idpts": utils.get_id(points, suffix), "idline": utils.get_id(line), "data": linedata} fig, ax = plt.subplots(3) # scatter periods and amplitudes np.random.seed(0) P = 0.2 + np.random.random(size=20) A = np.random.random(size=20) x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100) data = np.array([[x, Ai * np.sin(x / Pi)] for (Ai, Pi) in zip(A, P)]) points = ax[1].scatter(P, A, c=P + A, s=200, alpha=0.5) ax[1].set_xlabel('Period') ax[1].set_ylabel('Amplitude') # create the line object lines = ax[0].plot(x, 0 * x, '-w', lw=3, alpha=0.5) ax[0].set_ylim(-1, 1) ax[0].set_title("Hover over points to see lines") linedata = data.transpose(0, 2, 1).tolist() plugins.connect(fig, LinkedView(points, lines[0], linedata)) # second set of lines exactly the same but in a different panel lines2 = ax[2].plot(x, 0 * x, '-w', lw=3, alpha=0.5) ax[2].set_ylim(-1, 1) ax[2].set_title("Hover over points to see lines #2") plugins.connect(fig, LinkedView2(points, lines2[0], linedata)) mpld3.show()

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  • Testing InlineFormset clean methods

    - by Rory
    I have a Django project, with 2 models, a Structure and Bracket, the Bracket has a ForeignKey to a Structure (i.e. one-to-many, one Structure has many Brackets). I created a TabularInline for the admin site, so that there would be a table of Brackets on the Structure. I added a custom formset with some a custom clean method to do some extra validation, you can't have a Bracket that conflicts with another Bracket on the same Structure etc. The admin looks like this: class BracketInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Bracket formset = BracketInlineFormset class StructureAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ BracketInline ] admin.site.register(Structure, StructureAdmin) That all works, and the validation works. However now I want to write some unittest to test my complex formset validation logic. My first attempt to validate known-good values is: data = {'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '1', 'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '0', 'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '', 'form-0-field1':'good-value', … } formset = BracketInlineFormset(data) self.assertTrue(formset.is_valid()) However that doesn't work and raises the exception: ====================================================================== ERROR: testValid (appname.tests.StructureTestCase) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/paht/to/project/tests.py", line 494, in testValid formset = BracketInlineFormset(data) File "/path/to/django/forms/models.py", line 672, in __init__ self.instance = self.fk.rel.to() AttributeError: 'BracketInlineFormset' object has no attribute 'fk' ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Django documentation (for formset validation) implies one can do this. How come this isn't working? How do I test the custom clean()/validation for my inline formset?

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  • Installing twisted.mail.smtp

    - by user3506985
    I am using Ubuntu 14.04 and trying to install twisted.mail.smtp using the following commnands -sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jesstess/twisted-12.1-testing -sudo apt-get update There are no errors in the installation,but when I specify the command that is from twisted.mail.smtp import ESMTPSenderFactory I am getting the following error Error: ImportError: No module named mail.smtp Please help me out

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