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• eSTEP Newsletter for the technical EMEA partner community

  - by mseika

  We are pleased to present to you the first issue of the eSTEP Newsletter, which is dedicated to support the technical EMEA partner community in the effort to provide more information on what is going on within the corporation, what is the technical news regarding Hardware, events and all the important things which we think may be of interest to you. Invitation: STEP TechCast: Oracle Solaris 11 Express Get an insight on how Oracle Solaris 11 Express has raised the bar on the innovation introduced in Oracle Solaris 10. Learn about the new integrated features such as: network based package management tools improvements to built-in virtualization new virtualised network architecture security enhancements file system evolution  Learn how Oracle Solaris 11 Express provides greatly decreased planned system downtime, performs a completely safe system upgrade, achieves an unprecedented level of flexibility for application consolidation, and provides the highest levels of security in your datacenter. Date and time: Thursday, 7. July 2011, 13:00 - 14:00 CEST Speaker: Joost Pronk van Hoogeveen Target audience: Tech Presales Webcast Coordinates: You will find the coordinates in the eSTEP portal under the Events tab. Use your email-adress and PIN: eSTEP_2011 to get access. We are happy to get your comments and feedback.

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• PASS: Total Registrations

  - by Bill Graziano

  At the Summit you’ll see PASS announce the total attendance and the “total registrations”.  The total registrations is the sum of the conference attendees and the pre-conference registrations.  A single person can be counted three times (conference plus two pre-cons) in the total registration count. When I was doing marketing for the Summit this drove me nuts.  I couldn’t figure out why anyone would use total registrations.  However, when I tried to stop reporting this number I got lots of pushback.  Apparently this is how conferences compare themselves to each other.  Vendors, sponsors and Microsoft all wanted to know our total registration number.  I was even asked why we weren’t doing more “things” that people could register for so that our number would be even larger.  This drove me nuts. I understand that many of you are very detail oriented.  I just want to make sure you understand what numbers you’re seeing when we include them in the keynote at the Summit.

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• What are all the components of a "Facebook App"?

  - by pnongrata

  I am a developer who has never personally partaken in social media (in any form) for reasons completely outside the scope of this question. I am "off the grid" (no Facebook, Twitter, etc accounts). I'm currently building a web app and would like the app to have a presence on Facebook, and possibly even "port" my app over as a Facebook app. My understanding of Facebook Apps is that they're just normal web apps that get <iframe>d into a Facebook page. The app is actually hosted on your server (not FB's servers). But this got me thinking: Don't Facebook Apps have "profile pages"? Is there anything developers can do to customize the behavior of their own profile pages? Do apps have the ability to do things like MySpace themes used to do (i.e., customize and interact with User profile pages, Groups, etc.)? Do Facebook Apps gain any sort of extra capabilities (inside of Facebook) that a normal web app would not have? It seems to me like if all a Facebook App is, is an iframed-web app, that it would still need to communicate with Facebook via its many APIs, just like a normal app would have to, right? If it's not possible to write an app that can customize the UI or behavior of user profiles and other pages, then how do games like "Farmville" interact with User profiles so that you see updates to profiles like "John Smith reached level 2 of Farmville"? Basically, I'm asking any battle-worn Facebook app developers if my understanding of Facebook Apps is correct, or if I'm missing anything big here. It's my understanding that for security reasons (obviously) Facebook doesn't allow apps to customize anything outside of the iframe it lives in. So if I want my app to appear like it's "interacting" with its Facebook users, it looks like I just need to publish stuff to the users' news feeds to try and encourage people to use my app (please correct me if I'm wrong here!). Thanks in advance for any corrections, clarifications, advice or suggestions!

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• Grandma's Computer - Can a user that belongs only to the "Users" group in Windows XP install malware, virus or IE addons?

  - by DanC

  I am trying to figure out if having a user in the "Users" group will be enough to prevent her from install unwanted software. The things that I don't want the user to be able to install are: virus malware bandoo stuff Internet Explorer Addons To put you in context, I am thinking of my grandma's computer, I want her to be able to read all her email stuff and attachments, but without the hassle of needing to reinstall the whole computer every few months. The computer will run Windows XP, with some free antivirus. It will not be part of any domain. It is just a home computer. Linux, I have tried making her use it, but she was already accustomed to Windows and was not really an option to have her re-learn where was the shutdown button. So, are these considerations enough to prevent her installing unwanted software? What other options come to you mind? Thanks

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• Looking for temporal upsampling / motion interpolation software

  - by timday

  I'm looking for something (prereably FOSS software) which can take an animation with N images as input, and which will output an animation with M frames, where M is in the range 2N to 5N or so. I believe the general technique is called "temporal upsampling" or possibly "inbetweening" (or "'tweening" for short). Note that it does need to make some effort to do motion tracking of things in the scene ("optical flow"); just fading ("dissolve") between keyframes isn't going to cut it. Googling "temporal upsampling" turns up any number of papers on the subject, but I've yet to discover any code/software (a gstreamer plugin would be perfect) I can just use to try the technique out. Any suggestions ? Additional information: "Motion interpolation" seems to be the more widely used name in the TV world for what I'm looking for. See this and the video here too. Interestingly, some cinephiles seem to hate what these technologies do to 24FPS film: e.g a comment "makes Gone With The Wind look like a soap opera shot on video".

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• Uninstalling ATI's drivers and installing NVIDIA's?

  - by whydidithavetobreak

  I replaced my card but I'm not sure how to set things up on Ubuntu. When the computer boots, it doesn't start GDM (I think that's what it's called). Instead, it asks me to log in the command line. If I try to do a startx, it tells me there is no AMD device connected or something to that extent. I originally installed the ATI drivers using the GUI. It said that I was using the limited drivers or something to that extent with a popup on the right of one of the taskbars, so I clicked there and updated it. I think it could also be reached by going to system administration restricted drivers or something close to that. I tried installing the nivida drivers by doing a "sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx-185" and then doing "sudo modprobe nvidia" and "sudo nvidia-xconfig" as this guy says but that didn't work. Modprobe couldn't find anything related to Nvidia and nvidia-xconfig wasn't an available command for me. Since I wasn't sure how to remove the ATI drivers I did that without messing with them. Not sure if that was a good idea.

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• How to deal this situation

  - by user198725878

  I would like to ask you some guidance here. Once I finished my graduation I join a company for Ruby On Rails. They trained me and put into project for ROR. I have spent 1 year of ROR development. I have done basic things in the given project. Then my company got a project for QT, learned and worked for nearly 7 months. Then my company put into me in iOS development. For the past 1 1/2 years, I have been working in the iOS development till date. Also my main worry is, changing the technology I am working makes me not having in depth knowledge on anything. I mean I can't make myself as expert in any language. What is your opinion? Now my company is going to put me into the cross-platform mobile application development. I am worried now, will this affect my growth path by leaving native development? I am ready to learn Android. As I left web development before 2 year ago, I am finding some odds with me. Should look for iOS job change now? Please let me know your advices.

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• Responsive Design: Which Framework Should I Use? CSS3 & HTML5

  - by Jayhal

  I've been looking for a suitable set of HTML5/CSS3 foundation files to start new projects on. I started off piecing together my own files, but I believe I might be better served in finding a solid and fairly compatible(with me) CSS3/HTML5 framework and then tweaking certain things that may not best suit my own process. I'd love to find something that is responsive and that includes aspects focusing on layout, type(hor and vert baselines), form and interface components, cross-browser issues, and preferably built on something other than a just imple css reset, but that does include rebuilding elements consistently across browsers for a clean work slate. Extra features like polyfills or others area great, as is good documentation and examples. So far, off the top of my head I know of, Skeleton 1140 Grid 320 & Up (plus BP) HTML5 Boilerplate 2.0 and Mobile Inuit.css Less Framework Fluir Perkins.Less A few WP themes Are there any great one I don't know about? I work a lot in WP, and something that is easily incorporated (but also stand alone) is ideal. Plugins and wide set feature while maintaining the ability to cut it down when needed(flexibility) is also a big plus, and in par with a faster learning, since I want to start using whatever I find immediately . What are some of the better options you guys might be able to recommend? Systems or scripts, plugins, and other related tools are also welcome, Thanks!

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• laptop suddenly became very slow

  - by Ieyasu Sawada

  I have a compaq laptop. And I've been using it 2 years now. Then this day, it suddenly became very slow. It almost took 5 minutes from turning on to the log on screen. I click my username and it took 3 minutes to show the desktop. I click on my computer then properties to see if it is still showing 2 Ghz for the Core 2 duo processor. And 2gb for the memory. It took 10 minutes for all the information to show up. And its still 2gb and 2Ghz. So I may conclude that this is not a problem in memory or cpu. Its still running perfectly last night. And I have not seen signs of it failing. Things I already tried: Rebooting Shutdown then turn on again So how do I determine what causes this problem? How do I fix it?

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• Hyper-V Manager version 6.2, an experience in virtual switch setup

  - by Kevin Shyr

  The version number of Hyper-V manager is 6.2.9200.16384   This is what came with my Windows 8 work laptop (by enabling Windows features) The blogs I read indicated that I need an external switch for my guest OS to access internet, and an internal one for them to share folder with my Host OS.  I proceeded to create an external virtual switch, and here is the screenshot. After setting up the network adapters on the guest OS, I peeked into host OS networking, and saw that Network Bridge was already created.  GREAT!  So I fired up my guest OS and darn, no internet.  Then I noticed that my host internet was gone, too.  I looked further and found that even though I have a network bridge, no connection has the status "Bridged"Once I removed the bridge (by removing individual connection from the bridge, I know, weird, since none of them say "Bridged" in status)  I re-selected the connection that I want and add them to the bridge to create a new network bridge.  Once my wireless connection status shows "Bridged", I was able to get to internet from my guest OS.Two things I noticed after I got internet for everyone ( my host and guest OS):My network adapters in the host OS no longer shows "Bridged", but everyone can still get to the internetThe virtual switch that I set up for "External" is now showing to be "Internal", and I was able to create shared folder between host and guest OS.  This means I didn't have to create the other "Internal" virtual switch.

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• Does Wake-on-LAN from power state S5 require any OS configuration?

  - by TARehman

  I am configuring a HTPC which I would like to be able to power on using Wake-on-LAN, from the S5 state (full shutdown, still plugged in). The system is running Linux Mint 14 Cinnamon. I'm getting some conflicting information in my searching on the Net. I am not concerned with using WoL to change the state from standby or hibernate to on. Because of the current interface to our TV, the system must be either turned on or turned off. So, basically, this system will cycle from S0 to S5, and from S5 back to S0, and so on. Some tutorials suggest that I need to use ethtool to configure things after enabling WoL in my BIOS, but my understanding is that doing an S5 - S0 power on only requires the BIOS to be configured (since when the computer is in state S5, the OS hasn't even been loaded anyway). Can I use WoL with only the BIOS configured to go from state S5 to S0, or will I need to configure the OS as well?

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• What should I recommend a small company looking for C# developers

  - by Coder

  Here is the issue. I am a senior developer, and one of the start-ups I designed the system (management system/database/web) a long time ago, have grown and need software updates. I have left their system to another developer long time ago, but apparently he has left the job, and so they are asking me if I can suggest them where to find a new one. The problem is that the company has no clue that the IT is not cheap. They expect multiple features to be added for 40$, so that's an issue. Actually one of the reasons why I left the project when I did. Lots of expectations, little pay, also I know those people outside work, so I decided to avoided stressing the nonwork-relationships and left the project gracefully. Today they asked me for an advice, and I told them that the feature list they want is probably going to cost some if they'll get a senior developer for the job. So I guess their best bet is to find someone who loves coding and has just finished the school. Which would give someone a chance to code for money which is good for a student, and at the same time, allow the student to get some hands on experience. Then again, the system is not exactly 20 line console program, there is an MSSQL database, ASP.NET web page and content management system with all the AJAX stuff and some other things. So student straight out of school could have some problems with that. But, I thought about the issue some more, and I think that junior developer is a tricky deal, without mentoring, he can either screw up royally, or just do what's asked. Also, it seems no one is coming to interviews at all, which is weird, or maybe not. What should I suggest them?

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• Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

  - by Tim

  I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

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• Multiple URL's going to same page - Kosher for Google?

  - by Ashoka15

  I hear conflicting answers from people about this, and I'm a developer by trade, and my SEO knowledge is not what it should be. Here's my situation: I run a website that lists hotels, restaurants, bars, shops, etc for a small Asian beach town. Lots of establishments here are hotels with a restaurant and bar, as well as restaurants that are also bars. As en example, a Mexican restaurant that also functions as a full cocktail bar. I first set it up so each establishment has one page, but can create multiple pages based on their other areas of business. This forces people to create TWO listings under the same name, and most just add the exact same information onto each page, making things redundant. I am re-arranging the database so that a establishment has only ONE listing (one unique page referenced by the unique code '12345ABCDEF') that is accessible from browsing under "Restaurants" and "Bars", and has the URL structures: site.com/dining/mexican/12345ABCDEF/business-name.html site.com/bars/cocktail_bars/12345ABCDEF/business-name.html I could easily simplify the URL to just the unique code and name: site.com/12345ABCDEF/business-name.html But, I found that Google has parsed by URL structure and lists like this on their SERP: Home > Dining > Mexican With each pointing to the default page for homepage, restaurants and Mexican restaurants. If I simplify the URL structure, will I lose these associations? Could Google also be picking up this structure from my breadcrumb trail at the top of the page? What is the best way to set up URL's on these pages so I am not penalized by Google for having identical information on two URL's, while still being able to have places show up as they did with the old system?

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• Ubuntu One has high CPU usage but no syncing

  - by Peter

  over the weekend I updated my computer to Windows 8. So far Ubuntu One was running smoothly, but ever since the update (clean, new install) Ubuntu doesn't sync any more. In Windows 7 it would start to sync at full internet speed as soon as I drop a file. But now in Windows 8, as soon as I drop a new file into the Ubuntu One folder, CPU usage goes up to about 50 % and no network traffic occurs. This stays like that for a couple of minutes, CPU usage goes back to normal and then the client says that all is in sync - which isn't true. Is it too early for Windows 8? Do others have the same problem or is there something I can do about it? I try a couple of different things, and realized that if the file size is 20 MB the files get uploaded. The original file was 1.5 GB. I also didn't work with 200, 100 and 50 MB large files. But even with 20 MB large files, the upload is very slow and not steady. The log give plenty of this error: - twisted - ERROR - Failure: exceptions.TypeError About which I don't know the meaning. By the way, the account works just fine on the Ubuntu 12.04 partition. Any help is greatly appreciated. -Peter

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• How do you maintain focus when a particular aspect of programming takes 10+ seconds to complete?

  - by Jer

  I have a very difficult time focusing on what I'm doing (programming-wise) when something (compilation, startup time, etc.) takes more than just a few seconds. Anecdotally it seems that threshold is about 10 seconds (and I recall reading about study that said the same thing, though I can't find it now). So what typically happens is I make a change and then run the program to test it. That takes about 30 seconds, so I start reading something else, and before I know it 20 minutes have passed, and then it takes (if I'm lucky!) another 10+ minutes to deal with the context switch to getting back into programming. It's not an exaggeration to say that some things that should take me minutes literally take hours to complete. I'm very curious about what other programmers do to combat this tendency (or if I'm unique and they don't have this tendency?). Suggestions of any type at all are welcome - anything from "sit on your hands after hitting the compile button", to mental tricks, to "if it takes 30 seconds to start up something to test a change, then something's wrong with your development process!"

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• How can I get started with BigData?

  - by ????? ????????

  I have a programming background, and I've done lots of database design and written lots of queries with Sql Server. I am really excited about looking at bigdata solutions. I know almost nothing about it. The way I want to learn is to sign up for a sandbox where I can try things out. questions Is there a sandbox where I can play around with hadoop? It does not have to be free. Would amazon EMR be the right path to go? What technologies should I be looking at to get started quickly? Is there a 'bigdata' dataset that is available to play with? Thank you so much for your guidance.

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• How can I audit a Linux filesystem for files which have been changed or added within a specific time

  - by Bcos

  We are a website design/hosting company running several sites on a Linux server using Joomla 1.5.14 and recently someone was able exploit a vulnerability in the RW Cards component to write arbitrary files/modify existing files on our filesystem enabling them to do some nasty things to our customers sites. We have removed vulnerable modules from all sites but are still seeing some problems. We suspect that they still have some scripts installed and need a way to audit anything that has been changed or added in the last 10 days. Is there a command or script we can run to do this?

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• "Programming error" exceptions - Is my approach sound?

  - by Medo42

  I am currently trying to improve my use of exceptions, and found the important distinction between exceptions that signify programming errors (e.g. someone passed null as argument, or called a method on an object after it was disposed) and those that signify a failure in the operation that is not the caller's fault (e.g. an I/O exception). As far as I understand, it makes little sense for an immediate caller to actually handle programming error exceptions, he should instead assure that the preconditions are met. Only "outer" exception handlers at task boundaries should catch them, so they can keep the system running if a task fails. In order to ensure that client code can cleanly catch "failure" exceptions without catching error exceptions by mistake, I create my own exception classes for all failure exceptions now, and document them in the methods that throw them. I would make them checked exceptions in Java. Now I have a few questions: Before, I tried to document all exceptions that a method could throw, but that sometimes creates an unwiedly list that needs to be documented in every method up the call chain until you can show that the error won't happen. Instead, I document the preconditions in the summary / parameter descriptions and don't even mention what happens if they are not met. The idea is that people should not try to catch these exceptions explicitly anyway, so there is no need to document their types. Would you agree that this is enough? Going further, do you think all preconditions even need to be documented for every method? For example, calling methods in IDisposable objects after calling Dispose is an error, but since IDisposable is such a widely used interface, can I just assume a programmer will know this? A similar case is with reference type parameters where passing null makes no conceivable sense: Should I document "non-null" anyway? IMO, documentation should only cover things that are not obvious, but I am not sure where "obvious" ends.

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• What's a way to implement a flexible buff/debuff system?

  - by gkimsey

  Overview: Lots of games which RPG-like statistics allow for character "buffs", ranging from simple "Deal 25% extra damage" to more complicated things like "Deal 15 damage back to attackers when hit." The specifics of each type of buff aren't really relevant. I'm looking for a (presumably object-oriented) way to handle arbitrary buffs. Details: In my particular case, I have multiple characters in a turn-based battle environment, so I envisioned buffs being tied to events like "OnTurnStart", "OnReceiveDamage", etc. Perhaps each buff is a subclass of a main Buff abstract class, where only the relevant events are overloaded. Then each character could have a vector of buffs currently applied. Does this solution make sense? I can certainly see dozens of event types being necessary, it feels like making a new subclass for each buff is overkill, and it doesn't seem to allow for any buff "interactions". That is, if I wanted to implement a cap on damage boosts so that even if you had 10 different buffs which all give 25% extra damage, you only do 100% extra instead of 250% extra. And there's more complicated situations that ideally I could control. I'm sure everyone can come up with examples of how more sophisticated buffs can potentially interact with each other in a way that as a game developer I may not want. As a relatively inexperienced C++ programmer (I generally have used C in embedded systems), I feel like my solution is simplistic and probably doesn't take full advantage of the object-oriented language. Thoughts? Has anyone here designed a fairly robust buff system before?

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• Map a drive to root of a server (\\sever) in Vista

  - by Andy T

  Hi, In Win XP, I can very easily map a network drive to the root of my NAS server. I browse to it in Explorer (\192.168.1.70), choose "Map Network Drive", choose the drive letter, done. In Vista, this does not seem possible. I have to go "Map Network Drive" from 'Computer', then enter the address, but it will only let me map to specific shares (sub-folders off of the server root) and NOT to the server root share. Since my NAS has built-in shares (music, photo, video, etc.) then I would have to have drive letters for all of these, which I absolutely don't want. Can anyone tell me - how come I can easily map to the server root from XP, but not in Vista? Is there something fundamentally different in the networking across the two OS's? Or do I just need to do things a different way? Hope someone can help. Thanks, AT

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• Reply to mailman archived message

  - by Jasper

  (not exactly sure if this is the right place for this question, but I trust you will migrate it if it isn't) I was having a problem with gdb, and while there issue appears to be recurring, I found only one instance of someone recently experiencing the same problem. I found this other instance on a mailman archived mailing list. Then I tried some more things and finally solved the issue with gdb. So, now I want to report back the solution I found to the mailing list. However, this is really only of use if mailman recognizes my mail as being the same thread as the original problem, but I do not have that mail (just the online archived version of it) so I cannot reply to it. My question: How can I make sure mailman considers my mail as a reply to that thread? Is simply copying the topic enough?

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• Notification framework for object lifecycle

  - by rlandster

  I am looking for an application, framework, or library that would help us with "object life-cycle management". There are many things that are created for users, departments, and services that, all too often, are left unmanaged. Some examples: user accounts groups SSL certificates access rights databases software license provisionings storage list-serve accounts These objects are created and managed by a wide variety of applications and systems. Typically, a user (person) requests (either explicitly or implicitly) one of these objects. A centralized management tool would help us manage such administration chores as: What objects does user X currently own/manage? Move the ownership of object P to user X; move all objects owned by user X (who was just been fired) to user Y. For all objects of type T that have expired be sure the objects have been disabled or deleted by their provider. How many active (expired, about-to-expire) objects of type P are there? Send periodic notifications to all users who own active objects of type P reminding them of what they own. There is a security alert for objects of type P; send a notification to all users who own these types of objects to take a specific remedial action. Delete or disable a set of objects based on expiration (or some other criteria). These objects are directly managed through their own applications (Active Directory, MySql, file systems, etc.) and may even have their own notification systems, but I want to centralize this into an "object management system". The OMS should allow the association with an external identity provider that defines who the users and groups are (e.g., LDAP, Active Directory) creation of objects association of an object to a specific user and/or group association with an expiration date creation of flexible reporting including letting users know what objects they currently own and their expiration dates integration with an external object "provider" via a plug-in We could write something from scratch, but I am hoping there is something already out there that will help, either an entire application or a set of libraries that provide much of what is needed. Any ideas?

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• Why can't tuxboot and ubuntu play well together?

  - by mmr

  I'm trying to get clonezilla to run off of a usb stick, and it seems that the right way to do that is via tuxboot. Tuxboot is not compilable on ubuntu. I used git to get it from the repository, and then when I run the 'install' script (because building it is apparently not allowed, since the build script just tries to install windows things). Qmake-linux wants my qmake executable to be in the same directory as the stuff I pulled down, and let's just say that if there's a way to do this easily, I ain't seein' it. So then I download the linux file, the most recent of which is tuxboot-linux-25. Try to run it, get a failure that libpng12.so.0 isn't found. OK, then I go to install that via the instructions I found on the web but firefox seems to have already deleted from my history (yay!) Then I add the /usr/local/lib directory to ldconfig via emacs (had to install that too, of course): http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=369848 I still get the errors that libpng12.so.0 cannot be opened because 'No such file or directory'. ldconfig -p | grep libpng shows that the library is there, but it still doesn't seem to be findable. What to do next? (for the record, doing this in windows is painless-- download, click, and it's done. But I'm trying to be all linuxy and get away from Windows for this...)

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• LOD in modern games

  - by Firas Assaad

  I'm currently working on my master's thesis about LOD and mesh simplification, and I've been reading many academic papers and articles about the subject. However, I can't find enough information about how LOD is being used in modern games. I know many games use some sort of dynamic LOD for terrain, but what about elsewhere? Level of Detail for 3D Graphics for example points out that discrete LOD (where artists prepare several models in advance) is widely used because of the performance overhead of continuous LOD. That book was published in 2002 however, and I'm wondering if things are different now. There has been some research in performing dynamic LOD using the geometry shader (this paper for example, with its implementation in ShaderX6), would that be used in a modern game? To summarize, my question is about the state of LOD in modern video games, what algorithms are used and why? In particular, is view dependent continuous simplification used or does the runtime overhead make using discrete models with proper blending and impostors a more attractive solution? If discrete models are used, is an algorithm used (e.g. vertex clustering) to generate them offline, do artists manually create the models, or perhaps a combination of both methods is used?

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