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  • SQL Monitor and "The Cloud"

    - by Richard Mitchell
    So, how can we demo this thing? In the beginning there was a product, and it was a good product for the testers had decreed it so, and nobody argues with a tester. But then comes the inevitable question of how can somebody test it out without risk. Red Gate prides itself on the tools being easy for people to trial before they buy, and no cut down trial for you sir, oh no, for you sir only the best will do - a fully functional trial - suits you sir. The problem The problem comes when you get a...(read more)

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  • Comparing the Performance of Visual Studio's Web Reference to a Custom Class

    As developers, we all make assumptions when programming. Perhaps the biggest assumption we make is that those libraries and tools that ship with the .NET Framework are the best way to accomplish a given task. For example, most developers assume that using ASP.NET's Membership system is the best way to manage user accounts in a website (rather than rolling your own user account store). Similarly, creating a Web Reference to communicate with a web service generates markup that auto-creates a proxy class, which handles the low-level details of invoking the web service, serializing parameters, and so on. Recently a client made us question one of our fundamental assumptions about the .NET Framework and Web Services by asking, "Why should we use proxy class created by Visual Studio to connect to a web service?" In this particular project we were calling a web service to retrieve data, which was then sorted, formatted slightly and displayed in a web page. The client hypothesized that it would be more efficient to invoke the web service directly via the HttpWebRequest class, retrieve the XML output, populate an XmlDocument object, then use XSLT to output the result to HTML. Surely that would be faster than using Visual Studio's auto-generated proxy class, right? Prior to this request, we had never considered rolling our own proxy class; we had always taken advantage of the proxy classes Visual Studio auto-generated for us. Could these auto-generated proxy classes be inefficient? Would retrieving and parsing the web service's XML directly be more efficient? The only way to know for sure was to test my client's hypothesis. Read More >

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  • Optimising bare-metal hypervisor installation

    - by Stephen
    what is the best way to install a bare metal hypervisor (i.e. to host multiple VM's)? I spoke to a friend and he is using a HP server to host all his VMs with VMware ESXi, but he installed the VMWARE esxi software on a flash card. He can then use his full hard disk capacity from each drive for the VMs. Is this a pretty standard setup when configuring a bare-metal hypervisor? How do you guys do it, and what is best?

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  • Algorithm to use for shop floor layout?

    - by jkohlhepp
    I ran into a classroom problem yesterday (business oriented class, not computer science) and I found it interesting from an algorithmic perspective. The problem goes something like this: Assume there is a shop floor with N different rooms, and you have N different departments that need to go in those rooms. The departments and the rooms are all the same size, so any department could go in any room. There is a known travel distance from each room to each other room. There is also a known amount of trips necessary from one department to another (trips are counted the same regardless which room they originate from, so a trip from A to B is equivalent to a trip from B to A). Given those inputs, determine a layout of departments into rooms which minimizes travel time. What is the best way to approach this problem algorithmically? Is there already a particular algorithm or class of algorithms designed to solve this type of problem? Does this type of problem have a name in computer science? I am not looking for you to design an algorithm to solve this, although feel free to do so if you would like. I'm wondering if this is a problem space that has already been well defined and studied algorithmically and if so get some links to research further. I can see a lot of different data structures and algorithms that might apply to this and I'm curious which approach would be "best". And don't worry, you are not doing my homework for me. This is not a homework problem per se, as this is a business course and we were simply discussing the concepts and not trying to solve the problem algorithmically.

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  • What web technology could I use which would support a decision tree?

    - by Rami Alhamad
    I am a big game development fan but I haven't done any commercial work in the past. I have been asked by a non-profit to look at developing a game similar to the award-winning www.playspent.org They want the following features: support 5 scenarios mobile isn't important but compatibility with older browsers would be a big bonus they want it to be visual and audible bonus is to have it easily modifiable support 4 languages I don't have much knowledge of Flash and would rather avoid using it as a solution. I started breaking down the problem into segments that I will need to examine, they are as follows: ability to read the game flow from a file that they can produce (xml, etc.) db design to store decision tree language challenge browser compatibility I am leaning towards an Google app engine/GWT solution but I am not sure what technology is best for this. I am really hoping to get your opinion/recommendation on my approach and on what technology is best. A special thanks (and beer if you live in Toronto) will be awarded to anyone who can help give me a ballpark estimate on how much such a game should go for. I know it's tough to estimate but any rough figure will help (how much would you charge for building something like playspent.org?) Thanks in advance

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  • Activist shared printing material gallery

    - by Dave
    What would you say would be the best way to do this: We would like to create a section on our activist community FB page and website in order to share with everyone images and files ready for printing panflets, brochures, t-shirts, stickers, etc. Let's say we have some cool slogans for t-shirts, so we would like to show them on a gallery, and offer for download the original design files needed for a print shop to create the t-shirts. And the same thing for all other kinds of media. We want to enable anyone to be able to just download the files for free, and easily create printed materials with them. But besides offering this hybrid between picture gallery and downloads manager, we would also like to make it very easy for anyone to upload and share their own files with the community, to make it a true collaboration initiative, be it that they get posted automatically, or that we first review and approve all uploads. Cafepress or Spreadshirt let you upload your design and sell your own merchandise. We need something similar, but where people can then download working files for making quality printings and materials. What apps, tools, services or methods are out there with which you think this could be best done?? We have some ideas, but we would like to hear some more!!

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  • Keeping my zsh or bash profile synced up on all my machines.

    - by Joseph Silvashy
    I work on several different machines, all of which are *nix. I have a lot of specific things I like my shell to, or the prompt to look like, or aliases, etc, etc. I'm sure all of you folks deal with this as well. What do you think the best way to keep all my machines' shells to act the same? First off, I'm aware that different machines will need different paths to bins and other differences, so my first inclination is to just include a file at the end of my profile, this is the one that we'll keep in sync. What is the best way to keep files synced up? I can put the file on a remote system, and perhaps use git, to push, then pull my changes every once and a while. However, isn't Rsync better suited for this?

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  • Magento Bulk Product Import + Modules Nightmare

    - by mike
    Have 5,000 products in CSV file File has been re-saved as UT8 file in google documents and exported to CSV from excel File loads perfectly with all fields in demo of magento store manager (except we dont want to buy it:) When trying to upload in regular Magento..keep getting error messages on column duplicates....yes we have hundreds of duplicates as the titles of products in fields correspond with different sizes, etc...no way around it Any solutions around this or any open source software similar to store manager that can do the trick. Ready to give up and go to paid solution such as Big Commerce Also, Uploaded a bunch of free modules/keys...of open source bulk import products from magentocommerce but I cant find them anywhere in the main admin panel to use...there is no menu item for them anywhere??

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  • Book Review: Professional WCF 4

    - by Sam Abraham
    My Investigation of WCF internals have set the right stage to revisit Professional WCF 4 by Pablo Cibraro, Kurt Claeys, Fabio Cozzolino and Johann Grabner. In this book, the authors dive deep into all aspects of the WCF API in a reading targeted towards intermediate and advanced developers. Book quality so far as presentation, code completeness, content clarity and organization was superb. The authors have taken a hands-on approach to thoroughly covering the WCF 4.0 API with three chapters totaling 100+ pages completely dedicated to business cases with downloadable source code readily available. Chapter 1 outlines SOA best-practice considerations. Next three chapters take a top-down approach to the WCF API covering service and data contracts, bindings, clients, instancing and Workflow Services followed by another carefully-thought three chapters covering the security options available via the WCF API. In conclusion, Professional WCF 4.0 provides a thorough coverage of the WCF API and is a recommended read for anybody looking to reinforce their understanding of the various features available in the WCF framework. Many thanks to the Wiley/Wrox User Group Program for their support of our West Palm Beach Developers’ Group.   All the best, --Sam

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  • How to Implement Complex Form Data?

    - by SoulBeaver
    I'm supposed to implement a relatively complex form that looks like follows, but has at least four more pages requiring the user to fill in all necessary information for the tracks: This data will need to be sent to the server, which is implemented using Dropwizard. I'm looking for best practices on how to upload and send such a complex form with potentially dozens of songs to the server. The simplest available solution I have seen is a simple multipart/form-data request with the following form schema (Source): Client <html> <body> <h1>File Upload with Jersey</h1> <form action="rest/file/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <p> Select a file : <input type="file" name="file" size="45" /> </p> <input type="submit" value="Upload It" /> </form> </body> </html> Server @POST @Path("/upload") @Consumes(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA) public Response uploadTrack(final FormDataMultiPart multiPart) { List<FormDataBodyPart> artists = multiPart.getFields("artist"); StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer(); for (FormDataBodyPart artist : artists) output.append(artist.getValueAs(String.class)); List<FormDataBodyPart> tracks = multiPart.getFields("track"); for (FormDataBodyPart track : tracks) writeToFile(track.getValueAs(InputStream.class), "Foo"); return Response.status(200).entity(output.toString()).build(); } Then I have also read about file uploads via Ajax or Formdata (Mozilla HttpRequest) which allows for Posts in the formats application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data, or text/plain. I don't know which approach, if any, is best. An ideal solution would be to utilize Jackson to convert a json string into my data objects, but I don't get the impression that this is possible with binary data.

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  • Download Instagram photos of any user on Windows, Mac & Linux using 4K Stogram

    - by Gopinath
    Instagram is one of most popular mobile applications used to take pictures and share them online. Initially released for iOS devices, Instagram quickly won the hearts of photographers and made into top 10 apps charts in Apple App Store. With a simple interface and quick photo processing features Instagram popularity grown by leaps and bounds. Few months ago after releasing an Android application,  Facebook acquired Instagram for around 1 billion dollars. Undoubtedly Instagram is the most popular photo sharing app on mobile devices and it’s where you find best photographers share their beautiful pictures online. Being the best source of photographs many users love to browse and download photographs. For those who are looking for downloading photographs from Instagram here is an excellent free desktop application – 4K Stogram. Once installed 4K Stogram, you will be able to quickly browse and download photographs of any user by just entering user name in search box and clicking on Follow button. The app quickly searches for the recent photographs and displays the thumbnails as it downloads them. You can double click on any photograph to view it with your Operating Systems default photograph viewer. Open the location of the photograph and you will find the rest of downloaded photos in the same folder. Once you enter name of the user, 4K Stogram automatically keeps tracking the user until you manually delete it. Also it automatically downloads the latest photographs when its launched again. Like this you can track multiple users and download their photographs Here is a quick run down of 4K Stogram features View and download photos of Instagram users No need to have Instagram account, just enter user name and download all photos Track multiple users and download their photos Automatically download latest photos All new photos are marked with an indictor for quick reference Free and open source desktop application that runs on Windows, Mac & Linux Link to 4K Stogram Application website

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  • the web technology stack is too deep [closed]

    - by AgostinoX
    A standard state-of-the-art project requires at least jsf + spring + faces palette + orm. That's a lot of stuff. Also frameworks like spring misses to bring to the point of starting developing. Otherwise, things like spring-roo wuoldn't even exist. The solution to this may be buy support. Have dedicated people doing integration. Switch to ruby on rails. Switch to dot.net. Since this is a problem, I'm intrested in HOW people address this (java ee) specific concern.

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  • building a sms web application [closed]

    - by ramesh babu
    Possible Duplicate: How to add SMS text messaging functionality to my website? I would like to build a web application the purpose of the web site is to send and receive sms. I was researched so much but I didn't understood what are the requirements. simply i want he application similar to way2sms.com. and I dont want to buy sms from a company. I would like to build my own infrastructure. I have web designing stuff. I would like to know what are the requirements to send recieve sms and what is the infrastructure do i need to do it.

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  • Which toolkit to use for 3D MMO game development?

    - by Ahmet Yildirim
    Lately i've been thinking about which path to follow for developing an 3D Online game. I have googled a lot but i couldnt find a good article that covers both game development and online server & client development in same context. This question has been in mind for about 2 weeks now. So.. yesterday i started developing a game from scratch by using Irrlicht.Net Wrapper to use Socket library of .NET which im already familiar. But i found out .Net wrapper of Irrlicht is not totally finished yet and still have lacks from the original. So i lost all my motives :/. So i thought why not to ask the experts before i run into another dead end... What Game Engine and Networking Library is best way to go for 3D MMO Development? Here is some of my early conclusions: Please let me know the ones im wrong. C++: Best Performance for 3D Graphics. Most Game Engines has native C++ Libraries. Lacks a Solid Socket Library .NETC++ Lacks Intellisense Support. C#: Intellisense Support NET Socket Library Lacks 3D Graphics Performance Lacks a native solid 3D Game Engine

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  • ArchBeat Link-o-Rama for 2012-06-20

    - by Bob Rhubart
    New book: Oracle WebLogic Server 12c: First Look Congratulations to Michel Schildmeijer on the publication of his new book. Call for Nominations: Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation Awards 2012 - Win a free pass to #OOW12 These awards honor customers for their cutting-edge solutions using Oracle Fusion Middleware. Either a customer, their partner, or an Oracle representative can submit the nomination form on behalf of the customer. Submission deadline: July 17. Winners receive a free pass to Oracle OpenWorld 2012 in San Francisco. ODTUG Kscope12 - June 24-28 - San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX, June 24-28, 2012 Kscope12, sponsored by ODTUG, is your home for Application Express, BI and Oracle EPM, Database Development, Fusion Middleware, and MySQL training by the best of the best! Eclipse and Oracle Fusion Development - Free Virtual Event, July 10th Get more out of Eclipse with these useful resources. How to Create Multiple Internal Repositories for Oracle Solaris 11 | Albert White Albert White shows you how to create and manage internal repositories for release, development, and support versions of Solaris 11. Social Technology and the Potential for Organic Business Networks | Michael Fauscette "An organic business network driven company is the antithesis of a hierarchical, rigid, reactive, process-constrained, and siloed organization." Cloud Bursting between AWS and Rackspace | High Scalability Nati Shalom explains "cloud bursting," an interesting hybrid cloud model. Born-again cloud advocates finally see the light | David Linthicum "I can't help but wish that we keep an open mind about the next technology evolution when it begins and get religion earlier," says Linthicum. How to know that a method was run, when you didn’t write that method | RedStack Middleware A-Team blogger Mark Nelson shares a useful tip for those working with ADF. Thought for the Day "There does not now, nor will there ever exist, a programming language in which it is the least bit hard to write bad programs." — L. Flon Source: SoftwareQuotes.com

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  • Creating a newspaper that effects the game's economy?

    - by zardon
    I am writing a game in Objective C/cocos2d where a newspaper is a central part of what controls or rather effects the game's world economy as well as what a city might do (such as increase X, reduce Y) The newspaper is a bit like a "Chance card" in Monopoly, it has an effect on something. My question is, what is the best way to do write a newspaper that has both a random and specific effect within the game. Would the best strategy be to write out all the things a newspaper can affect, a PLIST of headlines (with placeholders). I think Tiny Tower uses a PLIST of events and it randomly picks an event, but I'm not sure how it actually parses it because certain events do different things. But then how do I parse all the scenarios that a newspaper can deliver? A big switch statement seems very long and complicated to do. I am wondering if there is a simpler way to handle this kind of thing. Related to this is that there might be no news that day and I'm not sure what the newspaper should display, should it just display the last headline? So, in summary. 1) A newspaper generates a headline, it affects different things, such as the world economy, prices, how city reacts 2) I need the newspaper to generate headlines (although there may be days when there are no headlines at all), but I am not sure how to parse it without using a big-ass switch statement. Thanks in advance.

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  • Desktop Fun: Triple Monitor Wallpaper Collection Series 2

    - by Asian Angel
    Recently we shared the first batch in a series of wallpaper collections focused exclusively on triple monitor setups with you. Today we have our second offering in the series filled with all new wallpaper goodness to help make your monitors a joy to look at once again. Note: Click on the picture to see the full-size image—these wallpapers vary in size so you may need to crop, stretch, or place them on a colored background in order to best match them to your screen’s resolution. Special Notes Regarding This Collection: The website lists the following resolutions as available for backgrounds: 3072*768, 3456*864, 3840*800, 3840*960, 3840*1024, 4080*768, 4098*768, 4320*900, 4800*900, 4800*1200, 5040*1050, 5760*1080, 5760*1200, and 7680*1600. Keep in mind that the largest image size we were able to download was 5120*1600 pixels even though “5760*1080, 5760*1200, and 7680*1600″ were listed. Use the “Click here to change resolution preferences” link at the top of each page to select the size best suited to your monitors before downloading. The easiest way to save these images is to right click on the previews and select “Save As”. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC Learn To Adjust Contrast Like a Pro in Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET Have You Ever Wondered How Your Operating System Got Its Name? Should You Delete Windows 7 Service Pack Backup Files to Save Space? What Can Super Mario Teach Us About Graphics Technology? Windows 7 Service Pack 1 is Released: But Should You Install It? How To Make Hundreds of Complex Photo Edits in Seconds With Photoshop Actions Sync Your Windows Computer with Your Ubuntu One Account [Desktop Client] Awesome 10 Meter Curved Touchscreen at the University of Groningen [Video] TV Antenna Helper Makes HDTV Antenna Calibration a Snap Turn a Green Laser into a Microscope Projector [Science] The Open Road Awaits [Wallpaper] N64oid Brings N64 Emulation to Android Devices

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  • Disk / system configuration for log collection / syslog server

    - by Konrads
    I am looking into building a syslog / logging infrastructure and am pondering about some architecture best practices. Essentially, I see that a syslog system needs to support two conflicting workloads: log collection. Potentially massive streams of data need to be written quickly to disks and indexed. log querying. logs will be queried by both fixed fields such as date and source as well as text search. What is the best disk/system setup assuming I'd like to keep it to a single server for now? Should I use SSDs or ramdisk to off-load some processing? some disks in stripe and some in raid5? I am particularly eyeing Graylog2 with ElasticSearch/MongoDB

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  • Cage nuts - which way to insert them?

    - by Ingmar Hupp
    Cage nuts can be inserted (in square holes) either with the flaps horizontal or vertical. I've seen and used both methods, but am still not sure which is best. Is there a recommended way of inserting them? If so, why is it the best way? From my own experience, the horizontal way (on the left) seems slightly better for no other reason than making it easier to insert or pry out the cage nut in a full rack (with the units above and below being populated), for example when replacing cage nuts with a snap-in rail. Edit: Major vendors each seem to have their own preference too: Horizontal: IBM, Cisco, APC Vertical: HP (and Compaq), Sun/Oracle, Dell

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  • Where can I get a list of PDF viewer/form-filler components for C#? [closed]

    - by Volomike
    Where can I get a list of recommended PDF viewer and form-filler components that I can buy and install in C#? I query on C# component PDF viewer on Google and get a lot of hits, but I'm not certain what programmers have tried and liked. Background: See, my employer is wanting me to build one in C# as a kind of training exercise, but also to be a product for sales lead generation for another product they sell. The employer is perfectly okay buying something, as long as it's good. I've learned VB6 and PHP, and know a little C and C++, so I'm trying to learn where people get the best-rated addon components for it, and especially for this PDF viewer and form filler thing he wants.

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  • How fast does a language get outdated?

    - by Dummy Derp
    I started learning Java recently. I started learning it using books that I picked up from the library, some that I bought, and here and there from Java documentation. The book that I use for Java was published in the year 2011. In 2012, Java8 will be released followed by Java9 in the year 2013. The questions are: How do I keep myself updated about developments in Java without having to buy a tome for Java8 and/or Java9 Is a book published in 2008 an outdated book for studying JSP and Servelets? I'm talking about Head First Servlets and JSP

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  • How can I get H.264 support?

    - by Chad--24216
    Canonical Limited is shown as a licensee of H.264. I am interested in being able to play H.264 video online when using the Chrome web-browser in Ubuntu (and in the future on Firefox when Firefox supports H.264). Is H.264 support enabled on self-installs of Ubuntu? If not, is there some way I can buy H.264 support for my Ubuntu install? Assume a scenario where I self-installed Ubuntu on a computer that came pre-installed with Windows OS. I'd like to know any and all options available to me for getting H.264 to work on Ubuntu.

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  • Visible Keylogger (ie not evil)

    - by Ben Haley
    I want keylogging software on my laptop for lifelogging purposes. But the software I can find is targeted towards stealth activity. Can anyone recommend a keylogging software targeted towards personal backup. Ideal Functionality Runs publicly (like in the task bar). Easy to turn off (via keyboard shortcut is best... at least via button click) Encrypted log Fast Free Cross platform ( windows at least ) The best I have found is pykeylogger which does not attempt to be stealthy, but does not attempt to be visible either. I want a keylogger focused on transparency, speed, and security so I can safely record myself. *note: Christian has a similar question with a different emphasis

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  • Variant Management– Which Approach fits for my Product?

    - by C. Chadwick
    Jürgen Kunz – Director Product Development – Oracle ORACLE Deutschland B.V. & Co. KG Introduction In a difficult economic environment, it is important for companies to understand the customer requirements in detail and to address them in their products. Customer specific products, however, usually cause increased costs. Variant management helps to find the best combination of standard components and custom components which balances customer’s product requirements and product costs. Depending on the type of product, different approaches to variant management will be applied. For example the automotive product “car” or electronic/high-tech products like a “computer”, with a pre-defined set of options to be combined in the individual configuration (so called “Assembled to Order” products), require a different approach to products in heavy machinery, which are (at least partially) engineered in a customer specific way (so-called “Engineered-to Order” products). This article discusses different approaches to variant management. Starting with the simple Bill of Material (BOM), this article presents three different approaches to variant management, which are provided by Agile PLM. Single level BOM and Variant BOM The single level BOM is the basic form of the BOM. The product structure is defined using assemblies and single parts. A particular product is thus represented by a fixed product structure. As soon as you have to manage product variants, the single level BOM is no longer sufficient. A variant BOM will be needed to manage product variants. The variant BOM is sometimes referred to as 150% BOM, since a variant BOM contains more parts and assemblies than actually needed to assemble the (final) product – just 150% of the parts You can evolve the variant BOM from the single level BOM by replacing single nodes with a placeholder node. The placeholder in this case represents the possible variants of a part or assembly. Product structure nodes, which are part of any product, are so-called “Must-Have” parts. “Optional” parts can be omitted in the final product. Additional attributes allow limiting the quantity of parts/assemblies which can be assigned at a certain position in the Variant BOM. Figure 1 shows the variant BOM of Agile PLM. Figure 1 Variant BOM in Agile PLM During the instantiation of the Variant BOM, the placeholders get replaced by specific variants of the parts and assemblies. The selection of the desired or appropriate variants is either done step by step by the user or by applying pre-defined configuration rules. As a result of the instantiation, an independent BOM will be created (Figure 2). Figure 2 Instantiated BOM in Agile PLM This kind of Variant BOM  can be used for „Assembled –To-Order“ type products as well as for „Engineered-to-Order“-type products. In case of “Assembled –To-Order” type products, typically the instantiation is done automatically with pre-defined configuration rules. For „Engineered- to-Order“-type products at least part of the product is selected manually to make use of customized parts/assemblies, that have been engineered according to the specific custom requirements. Template BOM The Template BOM is used for „Engineered-to-Order“-type products. It is another type of variant BOM. The engineer works in a flexible environment which allows him to build the most creative solutions. At the same time the engineer shall be guided to re-use existing solutions and it shall be assured that product variants of the same product family share the same base structure. The template BOM defines the basic structure of products belonging to the same product family. Let’s take a gearbox as an example. The customer specific configuration of the gearbox is influenced by several parameters (e.g. rpm range, transmitted torque), which are defined in the customer’s requirement document.  Figure 3 shows part of a Template BOM (yellow) and its relation to the product family hierarchy (blue).  Figure 3 Template BOM Every component of the Template BOM has links to the variants that have been engineeried so far for the component (depending on the level in the Template BOM, they are product variants, Assembly Variant or single part variants). This library of solutions, the so-called solution space, can be used by the engineers to build new product variants. In the best case, the engineer selects an existing solution variant, such as the gearbox shown in figure 3. When the existing variants do not fulfill the specific requirements, a new variant will be engineered. This new variant must be compliant with the given Template BOM. If we look at the gearbox in figure 3  it must consist of a transmission housing, a Connecting Plate, a set of Gears and a Planetary transmission – pre-assumed that all components are must have components. The new variant will enhance the solution space and is automatically available for re-use in future variants. The result of the instantiation of the Template BOM is a stand-alone BOM which represents the customer specific product variant. Modular BOM The concept of the modular BOM was invented in the automotive industry. Passenger cars are so-called „Assembled-to-Order“-products. The customer first selects the specific equipment of the car (so-called specifications) – for instance engine, audio equipment, rims, color. Based on this information the required parts will be determined and the customer specific car will be assembled. Certain combinations of specification are not available for the customer, because they are not feasible from technical perspective (e.g. a convertible with sun roof) or because the combination will not be offered for marketing reasons (e.g. steel rims with a sports line car). The modular BOM (yellow structure in figure 4) is defined in the context of a specific product family (in the sample it is product family „Speedstar“). It is the same modular BOM for the different types of cars of the product family (e.g. sedan, station wagon). The assembly or single parts of the car (blue nodes in figure 4) are assigned at the leaf level of the modular BOM. The assignment of assembly and parts to the modular BOM is enriched with a configuration rule (purple elements in figure 4). The configuration rule defines the conditions to use a specific assembly or single part. The configuration rule is valid in the context of a type of car (green elements in figure 4). Color specific parts are assigned to the color independent parts via additional configuration rules (grey elements in figure 4). The configuration rules use Boolean operators to connect the specifications. Additional consistency rules (constraints) may be used to define invalid combinations of specification (so-called exclusions). Furthermore consistency rules may be used to add specifications to the set of specifications. For instance it is important that a car with diesel engine always is build using the high capacity battery.  Figure 4 Modular BOM The calculation of the car configuration consists of several steps. First the consistency rules (constraints) are applied. Resulting from that specification might be added automatically. The second step will determine the assemblies and single parts for the complete structure of the modular BOM, by evaluating the configuration rules in the context of the current type of car. The evaluation of the rules for one component in the modular BOM might result in several rules being fulfilled. In this case the most specific rule (typically the longest rule) will win. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to add a specific variant to the modular BOM without the need to change any other configuration rules.  As a result the whole set of configuration rules is easy to maintain. Finally the color specific assemblies respective parts will be determined and the configuration is completed. Figure 5 Calculated Car Configuration The result of the car configuration is shown in figure 5. It shows the list of assemblies respective single parts (blue components in figure 5), which are required to build the customer specific car. Summary There are different approaches to variant management. Three different approaches have been presented in this article. At the end of the day, it is the type of the product which decides about the best approach.  For „Assembled to Order“-type products it is very likely that you can define the configuration rules and calculate the product variant automatically. Products of type „Engineered-to-Order“ ,however, need to be engineered. Nevertheless in the majority of cases, part of the product structure can be generated automatically in a similar way to „Assembled to Order“-tape products.  That said it is important first to analyze the product portfolio, in order to define the best approach to variant management.

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