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  • Memory efficient int-int dict in Python

    - by Bolo
    Hi, I need a memory efficient int-int dict in Python that would support the following operations in O(log n) time: d[k] = v # replace if present v = d[k] # None or a negative number if not present I need to hold ~250M pairs, so it really has to be tight. Do you happen to know a suitable implementation (Python 2.7)? EDIT Removed impossible requirement and other nonsense. Thanks, Craig and Kylotan! To rephrase. Here's a trivial int-int dictionary with 1M pairs: >>> import random, sys >>> from guppy import hpy >>> h = hpy() >>> h.setrelheap() >>> d = {} >>> for _ in xrange(1000000): ... d[random.randint(0, sys.maxint)] = random.randint(0, sys.maxint) ... >>> h.heap() Partition of a set of 1999530 objects. Total size = 49161112 bytes. Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Kind (class / dict of class) 0 1 0 25165960 51 25165960 51 dict (no owner) 1 1999521 100 23994252 49 49160212 100 int On average, a pair of integers uses 49 bytes. Here's an array of 2M integers: >>> import array, random, sys >>> from guppy import hpy >>> h = hpy() >>> h.setrelheap() >>> a = array.array('i') >>> for _ in xrange(2000000): ... a.append(random.randint(0, sys.maxint)) ... >>> h.heap() Partition of a set of 14 objects. Total size = 8001108 bytes. Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Kind (class / dict of class) 0 1 7 8000028 100 8000028 100 array.array On average, a pair of integers uses 8 bytes. I accept that 8 bytes/pair in a dictionary is rather hard to achieve in general. Rephrased question: is there a memory-efficient implementation of int-int dictionary that uses considerably less than 49 bytes/pair?

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  • C# OOP File Structure?

    - by Soo
    Hey SO, I just started programming with objects recently and am trying to learn good habits early on. The way I plan to structure my application is to have two files: 1: Program.cs - This file will contain the main logic for the application 2: Class.cs - This file will contain all of the class definitions Pretty simple. What I'm wondering if I should have any more files for ... well, you tell me. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Where should I store custom permissions for my web app

    - by vikp
    Hi, I'm wondering where is the ideal place to store custom permissions in my web applications. For example I have the following permissions: AdminPermission ReadPermission WritePermission At the moment I store these in the static utilities class as the constant string type objects. Thank you

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  • Multi-thread conversation in django (like Reddit)

    - by dotty
    Hay, i have an app which essentially a conversation system (much like reddits) Where a post can have multiple replies, and a reply and have multiplies, and a reply to a reply can have multiple replies (etc) I've made the model like this class Discussion(models.Model): message = models.TextField() replies = models.ManyToManyField('self') and the view discussions = Discussions.objects.all() and the template looks like this {% for discussion in discussions %} {{ discussion.message }} {% endfor %} How would i go about making a system where i can output all replies like this discussion reply reply reply reply reply reply Which would go down as far as it needs to to ensure all replies are listed. Thanks

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  • NSMutableArray of NSString in CoreData(iPhone

    - by azia
    I have a class, which describe an object for parsing XML. This class contains NSStrings and NSMutableArrays of NSStrings.I want to store parsed data using CoreData. How should I write CoreData model to store such objects if there is no such data type like NSMutableArray? Is there any way?

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  • Why Directly Accesing property is not recommended in OOPs PHP?

    - by Parth
    If I have a class "person" with a property $name and its getter(get_name()) and setter(set_name()) methods, then after instantiating the objects and setting the property i.e. $paddy = new person(); $paddy->set_name("Padyster Dave"); echo "Paddy's full name: ".$paddy->name; //WHY THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED... In the above code $paddy->name;WHY THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED?

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  • What is the minimum interface that has the Count property in .Net

    - by SoMoS
    Hello, I need to change a method that has one parameter that takes a serie of objects. I need to find the lowest Interface (in inheritance tree) that has the Count property. Until now I was using the IEnumerable but as this has not Count I need to change it to the wider interface possible so the method can work with the biggest number of types of series (collections, lists, arrays, etc). Thanks in advance.

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  • What would be the good name for this operation?

    - by Rogach
    I see that Scala standard library misses the method to get ranges of objects in the collection, that satisfy the predicate: def <???>(p: A => Boolean): List[List[A]] = { val buf = collection.mutable.ListBuffer[List[A]]() var elems = this.dropWhile(e => !p(e)) while (elems.nonEmpty) { buf += elems.takeWhile(p) elems = elems.dropWhile(e => !p(e)) } buf.toList } What would be the good name for such method? And is my implementation good enough?

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  • asp.net-mvc return a couple of partial views onclick

    - by niao
    Greetings, I have an asp.net mvc application. When button is clicked (submit button) i would like to results to be displayed inside some div. I know how to do it. I have some action where I return a partial view. But when button is submitted then I get some multiple objects from db and I would like to display them all in div. How can I achieve it?

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  • Java3d resetting to a new scene

    - by Dan Howard
    Hi all, I'm working on a game in Java3D. I read all my level info from a file and it works fine. But now I want to re-initialize the scene from reading data from a different file. How do I reset the scene? Should I just destroy the whole canvas3D and universe objects?

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  • Why would I want to use server-side JavaScript?

    - by Joseph Silvashy
    I'm confused, I regularly read talk of server-side JS, why would I want to use that? It seems like it would execute way slower than pretty much any other language, it also lacks many conventions that more sophisticated languages have. Is it possible to hand entire objects from the client to the server, manipulate them and return them back? Just struggling to understand the concepts of it.

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  • C# - Dynamic Keyword and Interface Implementations

    - by Adam Driscoll
    I'm assuming this isn't possible but before digging further is there a way to do something like this: public void ProcessInterface(ISomeInterface obj) {} //... dynamic myDyn = GetDynamic<ISomeInterface>() ProcessInterface(myDyn); I've seen a post arguing for it but it sounds like it wasn't included. A little context: .Net assembly exposed through COM - Silverlight app consuming interface-implementing classes. Would be nice to refer to the objects by interface. I really don't expect that this was what was intended...

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  • Java marshaller performance

    - by cbz
    Hi, I've used JAXB Marshaller as well as my own marshaller for marshalling pure java bean objects into XML. It has been observed that both of them require almost same time to marshal. The performance is not acceptable and needs to be improved. What are possible ways where we can improve performance of marshaller? Like threading?

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  • help me "dry" out this .net XML serialization code

    - by Sarah Vessels
    I have a base collection class and a child collection class, each of which are serializable. In a test, I discovered that simply having the child class's ReadXml method call base.ReadXml resulted in an InvalidCastException later on. First, here's the class structure: Base Class // Collection of Row objects [Serializable] [XmlRoot("Rows")] public class Rows : IList<Row>, ICollection<Row>, IEnumerable<Row>, IEquatable<Rows>, IXmlSerializable { public Collection<Row> Collection { get; protected set; } public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader) { reader.ReadToFollowing(XmlNodeName); do { using (XmlReader rowReader = reader.ReadSubtree()) { var row = new Row(); row.ReadXml(rowReader); Collection.Add(row); } } while (reader.ReadToNextSibling(XmlNodeName)); } } Derived Class // Acts as a collection of SpecificRow objects, which inherit from Row. Uses the same // Collection<Row> that Rows defines which is fine since SpecificRow : Row. [Serializable] [XmlRoot("MySpecificRowList")] public class SpecificRows : Rows, IXmlSerializable { public new void ReadXml(XmlReader reader) { // Trying to just do base.ReadXml(reader) causes a cast exception later reader.ReadToFollowing(XmlNodeName); do { using (XmlReader rowReader = reader.ReadSubtree()) { var row = new SpecificRow(); row.ReadXml(rowReader); Collection.Add(row); } } while (reader.ReadToNextSibling(XmlNodeName)); } public new Row this[int index] { // The cast in this getter is what causes InvalidCastException if I try // to call base.ReadXml from this class's ReadXml get { return (Row)Collection[index]; } set { Collection[index] = value; } } } And here's the code that causes a runtime InvalidCastException if I do not use the version of ReadXml shown in SpecificRows above (i.e., I get the exception if I just call base.ReadXml from within SpecificRows.ReadXml): TextReader reader = new StringReader(serializedResultStr); SpecificRows deserializedResults = (SpecificRows)xs.Deserialize(reader); SpecificRow = deserializedResults[0]; // this throws InvalidCastException So, the code above all compiles and runs exception-free, but it bugs me that Rows.ReadXml and SpecificRows.ReadXml are essentially the same code. The value of XmlNodeName and the new Row()/new SpecificRow() are the differences. How would you suggest I extract out all the common functionality of both versions of ReadXml? Would it be silly to create some generic class just for one method? Sorry for the lengthy code samples, I just wanted to provide the reason I can't simply call base.ReadXml from within SpecificRows.

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  • Comparing Nested object properties using C#

    - by Kumar
    I have a method which compares two objects and returns a list of all the property names which are different. public static IList<string> GetDifferingProperties(object source, object) { var sourceType = source.GetType(); var sourceProperties = sourceType.GetProperties(); var targetType = target.GetType(); var targetProperties = targetType.GetProperties(); var properties = (from s in sourceProperties from t in targetProperties where s.Name == t.Name && s.PropertyType == t.PropertyType && s.GetValue(source,null) != t.GetValue(target,null) select s.Name).ToList(); return properties; } For example if I have two classes as follows: public class Address { public string AddressLine1 { get; set; } public string AddressLine2 { get; set; } public string City { get; set; } public string State { get; set; } public string Zip { get; set; } } public class Employee { public string FirstName { get; set; } public string MiddleName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public Address EmployeeAddress { get; set; } } I am trying to compare the following two employee instances: var emp1Address = new Address(); emp1Address.AddressLine1 = "Microsoft Corporation"; emp1Address.AddressLine2 = "One Microsoft Way"; emp1Address.City = "Redmond"; emp1Address.State = "WA"; emp1Address.Zip = "98052-6399"; var emp1 = new Employee(); emp1.FirstName = "Bill"; emp1.LastName = "Gates"; emp1.EmployeeAddress = emp1Address; var emp2Address = new Address(); emp2Address.AddressLine1 = "Gates Foundation"; emp2Address.AddressLine2 = "One Microsoft Way"; emp2Address.City = "Redmond"; emp2Address.State = "WA"; emp2Address.Zip = "98052-6399"; var emp2 = new Employee(); emp2.FirstName = "Melinda"; emp2.LastName = "Gates"; emp2.EmployeeAddress = emp2Address; So when I pass these two employee objects to my GetDifferingProperties method currently it returns FirstName and EmployeeAddress, but it does not tell me which exact property (which in this case is Address1) in the EmployeeAddress has changed. How can I tweak this method to get something like EmployeeAddress.Address1?

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  • MS SQL: Primary file group is full

    - by aximili
    I have a very large table in my database and I am starting to get this error Could not allocate a new page for database 'mydatabase' because of insufficient disk space in filegroup 'PRIMARY'. Create the necessary space by dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. How do you fix this error? I don't understand the suggestions there.

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  • determining name of object loaded in R

    - by andrewj
    Imagine you have an object foo that you saved as saved.file.rda as follows: foo <- 'a' save(foo, file='saved.file.rda') Suppose you load saved.file.rda into an environment with multiple objects but forgot the name of the object that is in saved.file.rda. Is there a way in R to determine that name? You can do it the following way, which seems a little clunky: bar <- load('saved.file.rda') eval(parse(text=bar)) # this will pull up the object that was in saved.file.rda However, is there a better way of doing this?

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  • How can I specify resources in an MVVM view model?

    - by gix
    Suppose I want to show list of objects where each object should have a name and a suitable image (for example MenuItems with Icons, or buttons with text and image). All examples and programs exposed the image in the viewmodel as a path to a PNG file and then bound the Source of an Image to that. But what if I want to use vector images (for example as a DrawingImage in a local ResourceDictionary)? Exposing the DrawingImage from the view model seems bad because I would have to store a reference to the application/window/user control/... (and it is advised to not expose such XAML objects from view models). So a better approach would be to use a string identifier in the view model and then somehow select the appropriate resource. If that identifier is the resource key this snippet looks tempting but does not work: <Image Source="{StaticResource {Binding Icon}}"/> I found two workarounds for that though they did not work for me. The first one was using a normal binding to the icon with a converter that looked up the resource in Application.Current. This does not work if the resource is stored somewhere else I think (and the situation where I initially bumped into this problem had no Application running yet since it was a Window choosing the Application to launch!). The second workaround was using a markup extension derived from StaticResourceExtension that fetched its ResourceKey from the passed binding: <Image Source="{local:BindableStaticResource {Binding Icon}"/> This one looks really neat because it could use local resources, also be used for other things. But when using it I always got an exception ("Resource named {FooIcon} could not be found.", showing the correct XAML file and position of the extension). Even an empty resource extension derived from StaticResourceExtension that just passed the resource key to the base constructor did not work and I cannot explain why. Just using StaticResourceExtension worked just fine. Any ideas how I could fix the second approach, or even better solutions? Edit I noticed that it does work when used directly like this: <Window> <Window.Resources> <DrawingImage x:Key="SomeIcon"/> </Window.Resources> <Image Source="{BindableStaticResource {Binding Icon}}"/> </Window> but fails for example in a DataTemplate. Though a normal StaticResourceExtension works on both occasions so I am puzzled what is going wrong.

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  • Object serialization practical uses?

    - by nash
    How many software projects have you worked on used object serialization? I personally never came across a scenario where object serialization was used. One use case i can think of is, a server software storing objects to disk to save memory. Are there other types of software where object serialization is essential or preferred over a database?

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  • How do I add a trailing slash for Django MPTT-based categorization app?

    - by Patrick Beeson
    I'm using Django-MPTT to develop a categorization app for my Django project. But I can't seem to get the regex pattern for adding a trailing slash that doesn't also break on child categories. Here's an example URL: http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/ I'd like to be able to use http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat and have it redirect to the trailing slash version. The same should apply to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat (it should redirect to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/). Here's my urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page from storefront.categories.models import Category from storefront.categories.views import SimpleCategoryView urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^(?P<full_slug>[-\w/]+)', cache_page(SimpleCategoryView.as_view(), 60 * 15), name='category_view'), ) And here is my view: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from django.views.generic import TemplateView, DetailView from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, SingleObjectMixin from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed from storefront.categories.models import Category class SimpleCategoryView(TemplateView): def get_category(self): return Category.objects.get(full_slug=self.kwargs['full_slug']) def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(SimpleCategoryView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context["category"] = self.get_category() return context def get_template_names(self): if self.get_category().template_name: return [self.get_category().template_name] else: return ['categories/category_detail.html'] And finally, my model: from django.db import models from mptt.models import MPTTModel from mptt.fields import TreeForeignKey class CategoryManager(models.Manager): def get(self, **kwargs): defaults = {} defaults.update(kwargs) if 'full_slug' in defaults: if defaults['full_slug'] and defaults['full_slug'][-1] != "/": defaults['full_slug'] += "/" return super(CategoryManager, self).get(**defaults) class Category(MPTTModel): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) description = models.TextField(blank=True, help_text='Please use <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">Markdown syntax</a> for all text-formatting and links. No HTML is allowed.') slug = models.SlugField(help_text='Prepopulates from title field.') full_slug = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True) template_name = models.CharField(max_length=70, blank=True, help_text="Example: 'categories/category_parent.html'. If this isn't provided, the system will use 'categories/category_detail.html'. Use 'categories/category_parent.html' for all parent categories and 'categories/category_child.html' for all child categories.") parent = TreeForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, related_name='children') objects = CategoryManager() class Meta: verbose_name = 'category' verbose_name_plural = 'categories' def save(self, *args, **kwargs): orig_full_slug = self.full_slug if self.parent: self.full_slug = "%s%s/" % (self.parent.full_slug, self.slug) else: self.full_slug = "%s/" % self.slug obj = super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if orig_full_slug != self.full_slug: for child in self.get_children(): child.save() return obj def available_product_set(self): """ Returns available, prioritized products for a category """ from storefront.apparel.models import Product return self.product_set.filter(is_available=True).order_by('-priority') def __unicode__(self): return "%s (%s)" % (self.title, self.full_slug) def get_absolute_url(self): return '/categories/%s' % (self.full_slug)

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