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  • c# 3.5 class List<int> class initialisation

    - by josephj1989
    I can initialize a List like new List{1,2,3,4,5}; However List does not have a constructor which accepts a single parameter. So I tried to run this through the debugger and it seems to be calling the Add method. So how does the compiler know which method to invoke to add each individual element. This may be a silly question but I am a bit confused. Thanks

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  • I want to be able to derive from a class internally, but disallow class in other assemblies to derive from the class

    - by Rokke
    Hej I have the following setup: Assembly 1 public abstract class XX<T> : XX where T: YY { } public abstract class XX {} Assembly 2 public class ZZ : YY {} public class ZZFriend : XX<ZZ> {} I use this feature in reflection when in YY: public class YY { public Type FindFriend { return GetType().Assembly.GetTypes().FirstOrDefault( t => t.BaseType != null && t.BaseType.IsGenericType && typeof(XX).IsAssignableFrom(t) && t.BaseType.GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault() == GetType()); } } I would like do disallow inheritance of the non generic class XX like: public class ZZFriend: XX {} Alternatively, I need a method like (that can be used in the reflection in YY.FindFrind()): public Type F(Type t) { return GetTypeThatIsGeneric(XX, Type genericTypeParameter); } That can be used in YY as: Typeof(XX<ZZ) == F(typeof(GetType()) Hope that makes sense... Thanks in advance Søren Rokkedal

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  • any way to simplify this with a form of dynamic class instantiation?

    - by gnychis
    I have several child classes that extend a parent class, forced to have a uniform constructor. I have a queue which keeps a list of these classes, which must extend MergeHeuristic. The code that I currently have looks like the following: Class<? extends MergeHeuristic> heuristicRequest = _heuristicQueue.pop(); MergeHeuristic heuristic = null; if(heuristicRequest == AdjacentMACs.class) heuristic = new AdjacentMACs(_parent); if(heuristicRequest == SimilarInterfaceNames.class) heuristic = new SimilarInterfaceNames(_parent); if(heuristicRequest == SameMAC.class) heuristic = new SameMAC(_parent); Is there any way to simplify that to dynamically instantiate the class, something along the lines of: heuristic = new heuristicRequest.somethingSpecial(); That would flatten that block of if statements.

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  • A Reusable Builder Class for Ruby Testing

    - by Liam McLennan
    My last post was about a class for building test data objects in C#. This post describes the same tool, but implemented in Ruby. The C# version was written first but I originally came up with the solution in my head using Ruby, and then I translated it to C#. The Ruby version was easier to write and is easier to use thanks to Ruby’s dynamic nature making generics unnecessary.  Here are my example domain classes: class Person attr_accessor :name, :age def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end end class Property attr_accessor :street, :manager def initialize(street, manager) @street = street @manager = manager end end and the test class showing what the builder does: class Test_Builder < Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @build = Builder.new @build.configure({ Property => lambda { Property.new '127 Creek St', @build.a(Person) }, Person => lambda { Person.new 'Liam', 26 } }) end def test_create assert_not_nil @build end def test_can_get_a_person @person = @build.a(Person) assert_not_nil @person assert_equal 'Liam', @person.name assert_equal 26, @person.age end def test_can_get_a_modified_person @person = @build.a Person do |person| person.age = 999 end assert_not_nil @person assert_equal 'Liam', @person.name assert_equal 999, @person.age end def test_can_get_a_different_type_that_depends_on_a_type_that_has_not_been_configured_yet @my_place = @build.a(Property) assert_not_nil @my_place assert_equal '127 Creek St', @my_place.street assert_equal @build.a(Person).name, @my_place.manager.name end end Finally, the implementation of Builder: class Builder # defaults is a hash of Class => creation lambda def configure defaults @defaults = defaults end def a(klass) temp = @defaults[klass].call() yield temp if block_given? temp end end

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  • Strategies for invoking subclass methods on generic objects

    - by Brad Patton
    I've run into this issue in a number of places and have solved it a bunch of different ways but looking for other solutions or opinions on how to address. The scenario is when you have a collection of objects all based off of the same superclass but you want to perform certain actions based only on instances of some of the subclasses. One contrived example of this might be an HTML document made up of elements. You could have a superclass named HTMLELement and subclasses of Headings, Paragraphs, Images, Comments, etc. To invoke a common action across all of the objects you declare a virtual method in the superclass and specific implementations in all of the subclasses. So to render the document you could loop all of the different objects in the document and call a common Render() method on each instance. It's the case where again using the same generic objects in the collection I want to perform different actions for instances of specific subclass (or set of subclasses). For example (an remember this is just an example) when iterating over the collection, elements with external links need to be downloaded (e.g. JS, CSS, images) and some might require additional parsing (JS, CSS). What's the best way to handle those special cases. Some of the strategies I've used or seen used include: Virtual methods in the base class. So in the base class you have a virtual LoadExternalContent() method that does nothing and then override it in the specific subclasses that need to implement it. The benefit being that in the calling code there is no object testing you send the same message to each object and let most of them ignore it. Two downsides that I can think of. First it can make the base class very cluttered with methods that have nothing to do with most of the hierarchy. Second it assumes all of the work can be done in the called method and doesn't handle the case where there might be additional context specific actions in the calling code (i.e. you want to do something in the UI and not the model). Have methods on the class to uniquely identify the objects. This could include methods like ClassName() which return a string with the class name or other return values like enums or booleans (IsImage()). The benefit is that the calling code can use if or switch statements to filter objects to perform class specific actions. The downside is that for every new class you need to implement these methods and can look cluttered. Also performance could be less than some of the other options. Use language features to identify objects. This includes reflection and language operators to identify the objects. For example in C# there is the is operator that returns true if the instance matches the specified class. The benefit is no additional code to implement in your object hierarchy. The only downside seems to be the lack of using something like a switch statement and the fact that your calling code is a little more cluttered. Are there other strategies I am missing? Thoughts on best approaches?

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  • Python class representation under the hood

    - by decentralised
    OK, here is a simple Python class: class AddSomething(object): __metaclass__ = MyMetaClass x = 10 def __init__(self, a): self.a = a def add(self, a, b): return a + b We have specified a metaclass, and that means we could write something like this: class MyMetaClass(type): def __init__(cls, name, bases, cdict): # do something with the class Now, the cdict holds a representation of AddSomething: AddSomething = type('AddSomething', (object,), {'x' : 10, '__init__': __init__, 'add': add}) So my question is simple, are all Python classes represented in this second format internally? If not, how are they represented? EDIT - Python 2.7

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  • Data Flow Diagrams - Difference between Lines and Arrows

    - by Howdy_McGee
    I'm currently working with Visio to create Data Flow Diagrams for a System Analysis and Design class but I'm unsure what the difference between ------ and ------> is. I can connect 2 shapes together with a line (process, entity, data store) but does the single line connecting the two mean data flow? Do I need to explicitly use the data flow arrow to show which way data is flowing? (There doesn't seem to be tags for this topic, maybe im in the wrong place?)

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  • Do first-class methods exist?

    - by gdhoward
    Okay, I know first-class functions are cool, closures even better, etc. But is there any language with first-class methods? In my mind, I see a first-class method as an "object" that has both a function pointer and a pointer to a specific instance of the class/object, but the implementation doesn't matter. I just want to know if there is any language that uses them. And as a bonus, how were they implemented?

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  • How to decide to which class does a method belong

    - by Eleeist
    I have TopicBusiness.class and PostBusiness.class. I have no problem with deciding into which class methods such as addPostToDatabase() or getAllPostsFromDatabase() should go. But what about getAllPostsFromTopic(TopicEntity topic) or getNumberOfPostsInTopic(TopicEntity topic)? Should the parameter be the deciding factor? So when the method takes TopicEntity as parameter it should belong to TopicBusiness.class? I am quite puzzled by this.

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  • java class creation dynamically and make it accessible across the network different jvms i.e. serial

    - by inj.rav
    Hi. I have a requirement of creating java classes dynamically and make it accessible different jvms across the network. I tried to use reflection and javassist tool,but nothing worked. Let me explain the scenario we are using Coherence distributed cache. It has a power of doing aggregation/filtering in parallel across the cluster. For example if a class has [dynamic class] has amount variable and getAmount/setAmount methods. Then if we execute COHERENCE queries, it will start process in parallel across the cluster. I tried to create classes at run time by using javassist and reflection. I am able to access it from single JVM, but when I tried to access the same class from other jvm [through coherence cluster]. I am getting exception of class not found [as remote jvm is not having idea of this class].I can over come this by creating same class dynamically on remote jvm also and access the methods. But coherence in built methods/functions are not able to find the class. could some one help me on this matter

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  • Database class is not correctly connecting to my database.

    - by blerh
    I'm just venturing into the world of OOP so forgive me if this is a n00bish question. This is what I have on index.php: $dbObj = new Database(); $rsObj = new RS($dbObj); This is the Database class: class Database { private $dbHost; private $dbUser; private $dbPasswd; private $dbName; private $sqlCount; function __construct() { $this->dbHost = 'localhost'; $this->dbUser = 'root'; $this->dbPasswd = ''; $this->dbName = 'whatever'; $this->sqlCount = 0; } function connect() { $this->link = mysql_connect($this->db_host, $this->db_user, $this->db_passwd); if(!$this->link) $this->error(mysql_error()); $this->selection = mysql_select_db($this->db_name, $this->link); if(!$this->selection) $this->error(mysql_error()); } } I've shortened it to just the connect() method to simplify things. This is the RS class: class RS { private $username; private $password; function __construct($dbObj) { // We need to get an account from the db $dbObj->connect(); } } As you can probably see, I need to access and use the database class in my RS class. But I get this error when I load the page: Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: Access denied for user 'ODBC'@'localhost' (using password: NO) in C:\xampp\htdocs\includes\database.class.php on line 22 The thing is I have NO idea where it got the idea that it needs to use ODBC as a user... I've read up on doing this stuff and from what I can gather I am doing it correctly. Could anyone lend me a hand? Thank you.

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  • Objective C: Include class and call method

    - by Nic Hubbard
    I have built a class which has a few methods in it, once of which returns an array, lets call this class A. I have a second class, class B, which I would like to use to call the method from class A. But, now how do I call that method from class A and store what is returned in a var in class B? Do I have to initiate the class? I have made sure to include the .h file from class A into class B. Thanks for helping a newbie.

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  • How to add a method to an existing class in PHP?

    - by sombe
    I'm using WordPress as a CMS, and I want to extend one of its classes without having to inherit from another class; i.e. I simply want to "add" more methods to that class: class A { function do_a() { echo 'a'; } } then: function insert_this_function_into_class_A() { echo 'b'; } (some way of inserting the latter into A class) and: A::insert_this_function_into_class_A(); # b Is this even possible in tenacious PHP?

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  • Does java have a class that represents a timer?

    - by Eric
    I'd like a timer class that allows me to call: .start()   .getElapsedTime()   .stop()   .reset() Does Java have such a class, or do I need to use my own (which I've already written). From a best-practice point of view, I should use the Java class libraries classes if they exist, but I'm not sure whether this one does. Can anyone give me a link to the javadoc for this class, if it exists?

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  • how to make object public to all function in a class?

    - by thesocialhacker
    I've created a class that calls an object in the "__construct" how can i make this object available through out the class. class SocialMedia { function __construct() { $object = "whatever"; } } how can I access $object in the other funtions (which are static) from with in the class. I've tried to use "$this-object" but I get an error "$this when not in object context" when I try to call it from my other static functions.

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  • How to create a PeopleCode Application Package/Application Class using PeopleTools Tables

    - by Andreea Vaduva
    This article describes how - in PeopleCode (Release PeopleTools 8.50) - to enable a grid without enabling each static column, using a dynamic Application Class. The goal is to disable the following grid with three columns “Effort Date”, ”Effort Amount” and “Charge Back” , when the Check Box “Finished with task” is selected , without referencing each static column; this PeopleCode could be used dynamically with any grid. If the check box “Finished with task” is cleared, the content of the grid columns is editable (and the buttons “+” and “-“ are available): So, you create an Application Package “CLASS_EXTENSIONS” that contains an Application Class “EWK_ROWSET”. This Application Class is defined with Class extends “ Rowset” and you add two news properties “Enabled” and “Visible”: After creating this Application Class, you use it in two PeopleCode Events : Rowinit and FieldChange : This code is very ‘simple’, you write only one command : ” &ERS2.Enabled = False” → and the entire grid is “Enabled”… and you can use this code with any Grid! So, the complete PeopleCode to create the Application Package is (with explanation in [….]) : ******Package CLASS_EXTENSIONS : [Name of the Package: CLASS_EXTENSIONS] --Beginning of the declaration part------------------------------------------------------------------------------ class EWK_ROWSET extends Rowset; [Definition Class EWK_ROWSET as a subclass of Class Rowset] method EWK_ROWSET(&RS As Rowset); [Constructor is the Method with the same name of the Class] property boolean Visible get set; property boolean Enabled get set; [Definition of the property “Enabled” in read/write] private [Before the word “private”, all the declarations are publics] method SetDisplay(&DisplaySW As boolean, &PropName As string, &ChildSW As boolean); instance boolean &EnSW; instance boolean &VisSW; instance Rowset &NextChildRS; instance Row &NextRow; instance Record &NextRec; instance Field &NextFld; instance integer &RowCnt, &RecCnt, &FldCnt, &ChildRSCnt; instance integer &i, &j, &k; instance CLASS_EXTENSIONS:EWK_ROWSET &ERSChild; [For recursion] Constant &VisibleProperty = "VISIBLE"; Constant &EnabledProperty = "ENABLED"; end-class; --End of the declaration part------------------------------------------------------------------------------ method EWK_ROWSET [The Constructor] /+ &RS as Rowset +/ %Super = &RS; end-method; get Enabled /+ Returns Boolean +/; Return &EnSW; end-get; set Enabled /+ &NewValue as Boolean +/; &EnSW = &NewValue; %This.InsertEnabled=&EnSW; %This.DeleteEnabled=&EnSW; %This.SetDisplay(&EnSW, &EnabledProperty, False); [This method is called when you set this property] end-set; get Visible /+ Returns Boolean +/; Return &VisSW; end-get; set Visible /+ &NewValue as Boolean +/; &VisSW = &NewValue; %This.SetDisplay(&VisSW, &VisibleProperty, False); end-set; method SetDisplay [The most important PeopleCode Method] /+ &DisplaySW as Boolean, +/ /+ &PropName as String, +/ /+ &ChildSW as Boolean +/ [Not used in our example] &RowCnt = %This.ActiveRowCount; &NextRow = %This.GetRow(1); [To know the structure of a line ] &RecCnt = &NextRow.RecordCount; For &i = 1 To &RowCnt [Loop for each Line] &NextRow = %This.GetRow(&i); For &j = 1 To &RecCnt [Loop for each Record] &NextRec = &NextRow.GetRecord(&j); &FldCnt = &NextRec.FieldCount; For &k = 1 To &FldCnt [Loop for each Field/Record] &NextFld = &NextRec.GetField(&k); Evaluate Upper(&PropName) When = &VisibleProperty &NextFld.Visible = &DisplaySW; Break; When = &EnabledProperty; &NextFld.Enabled = &DisplaySW; [Enable each Field/Record] Break; When-Other Error "Invalid display property; Must be either VISIBLE or ENABLED" End-Evaluate; End-For; End-For; If &ChildSW = True Then [If recursion] &ChildRSCnt = &NextRow.ChildCount; For &j = 1 To &ChildRSCnt [Loop for each Rowset child] &NextChildRS = &NextRow.GetRowset(&j); &ERSChild = create CLASS_EXTENSIONS:EWK_ROWSET(&NextChildRS); &ERSChild.SetDisplay(&DisplaySW, &PropName, &ChildSW); [For each Rowset child, call Method SetDisplay with the same parameters used with the Rowset parent] End-For; End-If; End-For; end-method; ******End of the Package CLASS_EXTENSIONS:[Name of the Package: CLASS_EXTENSIONS] About the Author: Pascal Thaler joined Oracle University in 2005 where he is a Senior Instructor. His area of expertise is Oracle Peoplesoft Technology and he delivers the following courses: For Developers: PeopleTools Overview, PeopleTools I &II, Batch Application Engine, Language Oriented Object PeopleCode, Administration Security For Administrators : Server Administration & Installation, Database Upgrade & Data Management Tools For Interface Users: Integration Broker (Web Service)

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  • Why make JavaScript class based?

    - by Carnotaurus
    JavaScript is a prototype language. To turn it into a class based language adds little value? I am not talking about best-practice here. I remember reading an article from way back, which claimed that the class-based worldview is perceivably more flawed than the one of prototypes. My summary can be found here: http://carnotaurus.tumblr.com/post/3248631891/class-based-javascript-or-not. I am resisting to use the class-based jQuery add-on and other attempts at faciliating class-based JavaScript. Peer pressure is strong but is there a stronger theoretical or practical reason why I stop resisting?

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  • Class Versus Struct

    - by Prometheus87
    In C++ and other influenced languages there is a construct called Structure (struct) and we all know the class. Both are capable of holding functions and variables. some differences are 1. Class is given memory in heap and struct is given memory in stack 2. in class variable are private by default and in struct thy are public My question is that struct was somehow abandoned for Class. Why? other that abstraction, a struct can do all the same stuff a class does. Then why abandon it?

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  • does class reference itself static anti pattern in prism

    - by Michael Riva
    I have an application and my desing approach look like this: class Manager { public int State; static Manager _instance = null; public static Manager Instance { get { return _instance; } set { if (_instance == value) return; _instance = value; } } public Manager() { State = 0; Instance=this; } } class Module1 { public void GetState() { Console.WriteLine(Manager.Instance.State); } } class Module2 { public void GetState() { Console.WriteLine(Manager.Instance.State); } } class Module3 { public void GetState() { Console.WriteLine(Manager.Instance.State); } } Manager class already registered in Bootstrapper like : protected override void ConfigureContainer() { base.ConfigureContainer(); Container.RegisterType<Manager>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); } protected override void InitializeModules() { Manager man= Container.Resolve<Manager>(); } Question is do I need to define my manager object as static in its field to be able to reach its state? Or this is anti pattern or bad for performance?

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  • How to flag a class as under development in Java

    - by Usavich
    I'm working on a internship project, but I have to leave before I can finish up everything. I have 1 class that is not stable enough for production use. I want to mark/flag this class so that other people will not accidentally use it in production. I have already put the notice in Javadoc, but that doesn't seem enough. Some compiler error or warning would be better. The code is organized like this: [Package] | company.foo.bar.myproject |-- Class1.java |-- Class2.java |-- Class3.java <--(not stable) If there was a single factory class that calls those classes in public methods, I could have set the method to class3 as private. However the API is NOT exposed that way. Users will directly use those class, e.g. new Class1();, but I can't make a top-level class private. What's the best practice to deal with this situation?

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  • Passing class names or objects?

    - by nischayn22
    I have a switch statement switch ( $id ) { case 'abc': return 'Animal'; case 'xyz': return 'Human'; //many more } I am returning class names,and use them to call some of their static functions using call_user_func(). Instead I can also create a object of that class, return that and then call the static function from that object as $object::method($param) switch ( $id ) { case 'abc': return new Animal; case 'xyz': return new Human; //many more } Which way is efficient? To make this question broader : I have classes that have mostly all static methods right now, putting them into classes is kind of a grouping idea here (for example the DB table structure of Animal is given by class Animal and so for Human class). I need to access many functions from these classes so the switch needs to give me access to the class

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  • How to access variables of uninitialized class?

    - by oringe
    So I've gone with a somewhat singleton approach to my game class: #include "myGame.h" int main () { myGame game; return game.Execute(); } But now I need to define a class that accesses variables in the instance of myGame. class MotionState { public: virtual void setWorldTransform (...) { VariableFromMyGameClass++; //<-- !? ...} }; I'm trying to integrate this class into my project from an example that just uses globals. How can I access variables of myGame class in the definition of new classes? Should I give up on my singleton approach?

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