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• Which way is the fastest to `dd` to the last 512 kilobytes of disk

  - by teerapap

  I have a 512G disk and I want to clear the last 512k bytes at the end of the disk. I usually clear it by dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 the whole disk. Which way is the fastest to do this operation?

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• How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

  - by intuited

  I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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• "Disk boot failure" error after installing Windows 7 on SSD

  - by Tony_Henrich

  I have a system with 3 SATA drives which runs fine. Got a new SSD drive and wanted to install a fresh Windows-7 on it. So I removed the boot drive and replaced it with the SSD drive. Installed Windows and when it was done, rebooted and now I get "Disk boot failure. Insert system disk and press enter" error message. I reinstall again and still same message. Removed the SSD and put back the original drive and I got the same message!! I checked the BIOS and things look good. Something is wrong. Two questions: 1- Why isn't the new Windows booting from the SSD? 2- Why isn't the machine booting using the previous working configuration anymore, after removing the SSD? I did connect it during the second Windows installation but it was the last drive in the SATA connector. Would Windows installer mess with its MBR sector?

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• Linux cannot alter partition table of main hard disk of my laptop

  - by djechelon

  I run openSUSE 12.2 on my ASUS N76VZ laptop. My problem is that I cannot alter the partition table of first hard disk /dev/sda1. YaST partitioner says it's unreadable, but actually it can read it but not alter it. It doesn't tell me anything else, except that I can wipe the partition table (having to reinstall Windows for the third time). Since I want to create new partitions on that disk, how do I fix the partition table layout? I could create new partition from Windows Computer Management and format them in Linux. I could do this, but it doesn't explain the problem

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• Procedure for dual booting (2 copies of Win-7) off 2 partitions on same disk

  - by Sam Holder

  What procedure should I follow to set a dual boot (both Win-7 x64) on a machine where (ideally): Both operating systems will be installed on the same physical disk in different partitions When booting into either operating system the contents of the other OS partition disk will not be seen (this just seems safer) Other hard drives in the system will be visible by both OS's 1 copy of Win7 is already installed. Is it as simple as shrinking the existing volume and creating the partition, then sticking the CD in and booting off it and formatting the new partition and then installing another copy of windows onto the new partition? Or will that not work? Or are there gotchas?

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• Windows Reformatting

  - by Shimz187

  I recently began formatting a hard drive via USB extenal drive when the power went off. When i powered it up again and connected the drive the drives dont show up under my computer. When i go to disk management, i see the drive but now it says unallocated space. The drive was initialy partitioned into 2 drives. I cant see both drives now. Tried running GetDataBack NTFS recovery tool and it only comes up with errors. There seem to be no information on the drive from the data recovery utility. I know the information is there but how do i find it. HELP!!!!

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• Copying a IO stream results in corruption.

  - by StackedCrooked

  I have a small Mongrel webserver that sends the stdout of a process to a http response: response.start(200) do |head,out| head["Content-Type"] = "text/html" status = POpen4::popen4(command) do |stdout, stderr, stdin, pid| stdin.close() FileUtils.copy_stream(stdout, out) FileUtils.copy_stream(stderr, out) puts "Sent response." end end This works well most of the time, but sometimes characters get duplicated. For example this is what I get from the "man ls" command: LS(1) User Commands LS(1) NNAAMMEE ls - list directory contents SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS llss [_O_P_T_I_O_N]... [_F_I_L_E]... DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of --ccffttuuvvSSUUXX nor ----ssoorrtt. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options For some mysterious reason capital letters get duplicated. Can anyone explain what's going on?

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• scsi and ata entries for same hard drive under /dev/disk/by-id

  - by John Dibling

  I am trying to set up a ZFS pool using 4 bare drives which I have attached to my Ubuntu system via a SATA hot swap backplane. These are Hitachi SATA drives. When I list the contents of /dev/disk/by-id, I see two entries for each drive: root@scorpius:/dev/disk/by-id# ls | grep Hitachi ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG0ZJ7C ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG1064C ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG190AC ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG1DGPC scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG0ZJ7C scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG1064C scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG190AC scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG1DGPC I know these are the same drives because I wrote down the serial numbers, and all the other drives in this system are either Seagate or WD. The serial number for the first one, for example, is YNG0ZJ7C. Why are there two entries here for each drive? More to the point, when I create my ZFS pool which one should I use; the scsi- one or the ata- one?

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• Detach Disk from deleted virtual machine

  - by user1628043

  I had an Virtual Machine running in Azure for a couple of weeks and suddenly it stopped responding. I shut it down and tried to restart it but that failed saying the VM faulted. I then deleted the VM which leaves the VHD file intact on my storage account. I was intending to try recreating a new VM using thie VHD from the first VM however, the OS disk and Data disk are both still marked as being attached to the original VM which no longer exists. Is there any way to detach these disks so I can use them to create a new VM?

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• Can I recover files on a disk With 5% of start of disk completely wiped (overwritten with 1s)

  - by ARA

  Recently a virus attacked my pc and cleared 5% of my hard disk which has one partition I viewed the disk in a hex viewer program like active undelete ,cleared the virus data and overwrote it with 1s I want to recover a large file that is about 10gb, but no recovery tools seem to be able to recover any files. I want to know ,in theory, is this file recoverable ? I think that files are fragmented, researched about NTFS File System and i understand cluster information are just saved in MFT File ? Is there any way to recover file without a MFT structure ?

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• df -h overreports disk space on VPS

  - by Rincewind42

  When I run the command df -h on my new Ubuntu linux vServer I get the following: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hdv1 466G 33G 434G 7% / none 16M 0 16M 0% /tmp Running du -sh gives # du -sh du: cannot access `./proc/13624/task/13624/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access `./proc/13624/task/13624/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access `./proc/13624/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access `./proc/13624/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 952M . The VPS should only have 5Gb of disk space but df reports 466Gb. How can I view the correct amount of disk space?

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• Recovering data from a corrupted disk

  - by r_honey

  I use an external harddisk to backup my data (it had 3 partitions). Last week when I plugged it in, the OS (Win 7) hung up and I had to force re-boot the machine. When I turned it back on, the system just did not detect the hard-disk. It was last Sunday and I had to give up after sometime. Now I return back next Sunday (today) and when I plug it back-in to the machine, the OS detects the disk as well as all the 3 partitions on it. But it says all 3 are unformatted and I cant access any of them. Is there any way to recover data from the 3 partitions (I tried PC File Recovery and Recuva from PiriForm but neither detected these partitions).

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• External disk not working with Mac OS X 10.5

  - by ctx2002

  Hi: My OS is 10.5.7. I have an external hard disk, formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled), connected to my Mac machine through USB cable. I have used it for a while, but now it is not working. Error showed in /var/log/system.log. USBF: 2521.384 AppleUSBEHCI[0xa515800]::Found a transaction which hasn't moved in 5 seconds on bus 0xfd, timing out! (Addr: 0, EP: 0) ..... ...... kernel[0]: USBF: 2588.616 [0xa6baa00] The IOUSBFamily was not able to enumerate a device. Luckily, in my work place there is a Mac with OS 10.4, so I had plugged the disk into the 10.4 machine and it worked!!! I did checked "System Profiler" on both machines (10.5, 10.4). Under usb section, for 10.5 it shows USBEHCI, under 10.4, it shows USBOHCI. I am not a expert on USB Device , can any one tell me why 10.5 cause the problem. it was worked under 10.5

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• how to recover data from my disk - I accidentally copied with dd an iso on it

  - by sijoune

  I wanted to create a bootable usb from an iso image and i accidentally put as the output of the dd, instead of my usb drive, one of my hard disks. The iso was 3,3 GB and my disk is 1TB! And it was almost full. Can i at least restore the data that has not been overwritten? Right now i can't even mount it. I get this error: Error mounting /dev/sdd1 at /media/main/UDF Volume: Command-line `mount -t "udf" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8,umask=0077" "/dev/sdd1" "/media/main/UDF Volume"' exited with non-zero exit status 32: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Also since i know which filesystem my disk used if i reformat it to this filesystem is there any chance i can mount it and retrieve the rest of the files?

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• Use `dd` linux program to save / recover a disk's MBR

  - by Graduate

  I have an Ubuntu OS installed on my laptop. I want to install Windows 7 as well to another disk partition (I will do it by recovering it from a special partition on my laptop). After installing Windows, I want to recover my hard drive MBR to be able to load Ubuntu. I have a plan to use linux dd program: 1) (Before installing, perform this command in Linux) dd if=/dev/sda of=/home/user/mbr_backup bs=512 count=1 2) (after installing, load Ubuntu Live CD and launch this) dd if=/home/user/mbr_backup of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 3) Load Ubuntu on PC and re-configure the GRUB2 to be able start Windows I need your advice, I want to be sure I won't damage the disk (it's partition table).

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• Monitoring disk block access in Linux

  - by VoidPointer

  Is there a way to gather statistics about blocks being accessed on a disk? I have a scenario where a task is both memory and I/O intensive and I need to find a good balance as to how much of the available RAM I can assign to the process and how much I should leave for the system for building its I/O cache for the block device being used. I suspect that most of the I/O that is currently happening is accessing a rather small subset of the device and that performance could be optimized by increasing the RAM that is available for I/O buffering. Ideally, I would be able to create something like a "heat-map" that shows me which parts of the disk are accessed most of the time.

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• repairing or retrieving video off a cracked disk

  - by Tori Hisey

  My disk has a thin cracked right through the one side. right around the crack it looks like it has water damage but im pretty sure it was caused from the crack. will tape work for this? its a dvd of us in jamaica swimming with dolphins and i havent even watched it yet, it got ruined in my suitcase. If there is no way to repair it, is there somewhere that i can take it so they might be able to somehow get the video off of it and onto another disk? any suggestions would be helpful. Thanks

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• Why is LSHW Only listing one of my two HDDs?

  - by Mark

  I have a 120GB HDD and a 1TB HDD in the system. I installed Ubuntu Server using LVM on the 120GB. After installation I added the 1TB to the existing volume group and added 10GB to /home as a test. My understanding is that lshw is supposed to list hardware. What's the difference here? mark@server:~$ sudo lshw -short -c disk H/W path Device Class Description ========================================================= /0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 120GB ST3120026AS /0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVD+-RW GH50N /0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sdc disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0.0.1 /dev/sdd disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0.0.2 /dev/sde disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0.0.3 /dev/sdf disk SCSI Disk The 1TB only shows up as a volume, not as a disk. mark@server:~$ sudo lshw -short .... /0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 120GB ST3120026AS /0/100/1f.2/0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 476MiB Linux filesystem partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 111GiB Linux LVM Physical Volume partition /0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVD+-RW GH50N /0/100/1f.2/0.0.0 /dev/sdb volume 931GiB WDC WD1001FALS-0 Thanks, Mark

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• Sharepoint AD imported users are becomming sporadically corrupted, causing us to have to create a new account

  - by TrevJen

  Sharepoint 2007 MOSS with AD imported users. All servers are 2008. ***UPDATE More details in testing. This Sharepoint is in an AD Child domain (clients.mycompany.local), which is sub to the root of the AD tree (mycompany.local). The user is in the parent tree (as are half of the other functional users. I have elevated the user rights to Domain. In looking at the logs, it seems that the Sharepoint server is trying to authenticate them by querying the DC for the clients domain (which is the way it normally works and still works for all existing identically configured users). I think if I could force it to authenticate up to the top domain DC then it would be ok?? I have around 50 users, over the past 2 months, I have had a handful of the users suddenly unable to login to Sharepoint. When they login, they either get a blank screen or they are repropmted. These users are using accounts that have been used for many months, sometimes the problem originates with a password change. In all cases, the users account works on every other Active Directory authenticated resource (domain, exchange, LDAP). In the most recent case, last night I was forced deleted a user ("John smith") because of corruption. The orifinal account name was jsmith. I deleted him from active directory, then deleted him from the profile list in Sharepoint Shared Services. I could not find a way to delete him from the Sharepoint user list, but I reran the import after recreating his account (renamed it too just to be sure to "smithj"). At first, this did not wor, the user could still access all other resources but Sharepoint. then, some 30 minutes later it inexplicably started working. This morning, the user changed passwords, which immediatly broke the login on Sharepoint again. Logs by request from matt b Office SharePoint Server Date: 4/13/2010 2:00:00 PM Event ID: 7888 Task Category: Office Server General Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: nb-portal-01.clients.netboundary.local Description: A runtime exception was detected. Details follow. Message: Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) – TrevJen 19 hours ago Techinal Details: System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPGlobal.HandleUnauthorizedAccessException(UnauthorizedAccessException ex) at Microsoft.SharePoint.Library.SPRequest.UpdateField(String bstrUrl, String bstrListName, String bstrXML) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPField.UpdateCore(Boolean bToggleSealed) – TrevJen 19 hours ago at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPField.Update() at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.UserSynchronizer.PushSchemaToList(Boolean& bAddedColumn) at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.UserSynchronizer.SynchFull() at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.Synch() at Microsoft.Office.Server.Diagnostics.FirstChanceHandler.ExceptionFilter(Boolean fRethrowException, TryBlock tryBlock, FilterBlock filter, CatchBlock catchBlock, FinallyBlock finallyBlock) – TrevJen 19 hours ago Log Name: Application Source: Office SharePoint Server Date: 4/13/2010 2:00:00 PM Event ID: 5553 Task Category: User Profiles Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: nb-portal-01.clients.netboundary.local Description: failure trying to synch site 6fea15e2-0899-4c19-9016-44d77834c018 for ContentDB b2002b0b-3d4c-411a-8c4f-3d047ca9322c WebApp 3aff7051-455d-4a70-a377-5b1c36df618e. Exception message was Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)). – TrevJen 18 hours ago

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• The USB mouse sticks in Windows 7 after automatic attempt to fix the boot

  - by chelder

  Avast Antivirus asked me to delete a probable virus and to restart to perform a checking. I had to stop the checking at the middle of the procedure as I needed the computer. It was imposible to turn off the computer pushing the power button (as it entered in suspension mode, no matter how long I kept pushed the power button). I removed the battery as the only way to restart the computer. Windows 7 said that there is a problem to iniziate Windows. Windows 7 tried to fix the problem without success. Windows 7 started after that though. Everything is OK but the USB mouse. The USB mouse sticks and freezes each couple of seconds more or less. The tactile mouse (PS2) works well. I googled for solutions but the posible solutions didn't work for me. What happened? How could I fix it without formatting and reinstalling everything? UPDATE: this is what I did: Change the mouse from one usb port to another Test another mouse Set the number of cores of the CPU manually with msconfig Power management: not disable usb ports Check hard disk errors

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• MicroSD card getting corrupted for no good reason

  - by ChaosR

  I recently bought an MicroSD card online. It's a Sandisk 16GB class 2. However, it has a nasty problem. Every time I fill it with my data, the fat tables get corrupted. I've tried reformatting it, blanking it, doesn't seem to solve the problem. I have tried windows and linux (ubuntu), both have the problem. I've used my usb microsd readers, and even tried putting it in my phone and putting data on it from there. All have this problem. Now the really odd thing is, besides the corrupted file tables, no programs can find anything wrong with the hardware. I've tried both chkdisk and "badblocks -w", neither give any type of error. Now I don't know if the actual data gets corrupted, or if its just filesystem tables. What happens is that one or more folders start showing a load of chinese-charred (random UTF8 symbols I suppose) folders and files, and it is impossible to do anything with those. All the other data (outside of the corrupted folders) seems fine. I've tried to test it, and the problem doesn't seem to show up until I fill the disk upto about 3~4GB. After that I can still access the data. But as soon as I eject/safely remove/unmount it, the bad things happen somehow. Next time I plug it in, the folders I most recently wrote to (but sometimes also the folders I wrote the time before last time to) are all gibberish. Does anybody have any clue what might be going on here? EDIT: It seems I can't even put ext3 or ext4 on it, they both complain about a corrupted journal. Gheh, guess something is really broken here.

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• Bad HD and robocopy

  - by acidzombie24

  After my HD gave me crc errors I wanted to copy one drive to another and picked up a new 1TB hd. I am using the command robocopy G: J: /MIR /COPYALL /ZB First it tried copying the file a few times (i didnt count, its not in my window anymore) and got an access denied error, error 5. Then it tried again and locked up. I tried copying that specific file (14mb) and windows says "cant read from source file or disk". I started robocopy again. Hopefully it will ignore it after a fail attempt or two but what options can i use to say if it doesnt work continue to the next file. It looked like that is what it was doing but for this last one it repeated more then 4times and locked up finally. I'm open to other copy solutions. I do prefer built in solutions. I am using windows 7 Also how might i do this without the /MIR option. Is /S /E good enough? flag reference here -edit- i see i can control retries with /R: but i am still open to alternative solutions.

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• Last step in HDD Recovery (fixing windows)

  - by Atom Computing

  My dad’s hard drive corrupted which was a result of many bad sectors. Anyway, I made a clone of the drive and have now repaired it totally (recreating the MBR and MFT) and doing a series of ChkDsk's on it. I can now see all the files and folder on it and it is all intact. I currently have it as a slave in my computer (where I was doing all the repairs). When putting it back into the computer, it comes up with "A disk read error occurred: Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to Restart". I don’t know why this is happening but think it might have something to do with file permissions. I have tried a start-up recovery on the Vista boot CD and it found no problems. When trying to apply file permissions (and creating file perms for the SYSTEM group (as it didn’t have any for SYSTEM group)) it couldn't apply them for some of the System32 folder files. I have tried applying them as admin and with as powerful privileges I can get. All to no avail. When it is in my PC I can boot it up (I added it into my bootloader) and it boots up fine except when it logs in it comes up with the error - "Rundll32.exe - Windows cannot access the specified device, path or file. You may not have the appropriate permissions to access the item" This message keeps coming back and nothing loads at all. Any help would be greatly received as I have got so far with the data recovery and want to avoid a reformat at all costs due to the vast number of programs installed and I don’t have much time on my hands! Thanks

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• MicroSD card getting corrupted for no good reason

  - by ChaosR

  I recently bought an MicroSD card online. It's a Sandisk 16GB class 2. However, it has a nasty problem. Every time I fill it with my data, the fat tables get corrupted. I've tried reformatting it, blanking it, doesn't seem to solve the problem. I have tried windows and linux (ubuntu), both have the problem. I've used my usb microsd readers, and even tried putting it in my phone and putting data on it from there. All have this problem. Now the really odd thing is, besides the corrupted file tables, no programs can find anything wrong with the hardware. I've tried both chkdisk and "badblocks -w", neither give any type of error. Now I don't know if the actual data gets corrupted, or if its just filesystem tables. What happens is that one or more folders start showing a load of chinese-charred (random UTF8 symbols I suppose) folders and files, and it is impossible to do anything with those. All the other data (outside of the corrupted folders) seems fine. I've tried to test it, and the problem doesn't seem to show up until I fill the disk upto about 3~4GB. After that I can still access the data. But as soon as I eject/safely remove/unmount it, the bad things happen somehow. Next time I plug it in, the folders I most recently wrote to (but sometimes also the folders I wrote the time before last time to) are all gibberish. Does anybody have any clue what might be going on here?

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• How to Change and Manually Start and Stop Automatic Maintenance in Windows 8

  - by Lori Kaufman

  Windows 8 has a new feature that allows you to automatically run scheduled daily maintenance on your computer. These maintenance tasks run in the background and include security updating and scanning, Windows software updates, disk defragmentation, system diagnostics, among other tasks. We’ve previously shown you how to automate maintenance in Windows 7, Vista, and XP. Windows 8 maintenance is automatic by default and the performance and energy efficiency has been improved over Windows 7. The program for Windows 8 automatic maintenance is called MSchedExe.exe and it is located in the C:\Windows\System32 directory. We will show you how you can change the automatic maintenance settings in Windows 8 and how you can start and stop the maintenance manually. NOTE: It seems that you cannot turn off the automatic maintenance in Windows 8. You can only change the settings and start and stop it manually. Can Dust Actually Damage My Computer? What To Do If You Get a Virus on Your Computer Why Enabling “Do Not Track” Doesn’t Stop You From Being Tracked

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