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• #1146 - Table 'phpmyadmin.pma_recent' doesn't exist

  - by Mumin Ali

  Solution Guys... FYI i am using xampp to use phpmyadmin. and this error happens during the process of creating a database on localhost. Below is the code for config.inc file under phpmyadmin directory: <?php /* * This is needed for cookie based authentication to encrypt password in * cookie */ $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'xampp'; /* YOU SHOULD CHANGE THIS FOR A MORE SECURE COOKIE AUTH! */ /* * Servers configuration */ $i = 0; /* * First server */ $i++; /* Authentication type and info */ $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'HTTP'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'password'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['extension'] = 'mysql'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = true; $cfg['Lang'] = ''; /* Bind to the localhost ipv4 address and tcp */ $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'localhost'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['connect_type'] = 'tcp'; /* User for advanced features */ $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = 'pma'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = ''; /* Advanced phpMyAdmin features */ $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma_bookmark'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma_relation'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma_table_info'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma_table_coords'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma_pdf_pages'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma_column_info'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma_history'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_coords'] = 'pma_designer_coords'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma_tracking'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma_userconfig'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['recent'] = 'pma_recent'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_uiprefs'] = 'pma_table_uiprefs'; /* * End of servers configuration */ ?>

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• How does the receiver of a cipher text know the IV used for encryption?

  - by PatrickL

  If a random IV is used in encrypting plain text, how does the receiver of the cipher text know what the IV is in order to decrypt it? This is a follow-up question to a response to the previous stackoverflow question on IVs here. The IV allows for plaintext to be encrypted such that the encrypted text is harder to decrypt for an attacker. Each bit of IV you use will double the possibilities of encrypted text from a given plain text. The point is that the attacker doesn't know what the IV is and therefore must compute every possible IV for a given plain text to find the matching cipher text. In this way, the IV acts like a password salt. Most commonly, an IV is used with a chaining cipher (either a stream or block cipher). ... So, if you have a random IV used to encrypt the plain text, how do you decrypt it? Simple. Pass the IV (in plain text) along with your encrypted text. Wait. You just said the IV is randomly generated. Then why pass it as plain text along with the encrypted text?

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• Best Practice: Protecting Personally Identifiable Data in a ASP.NET / SQL Server 2008 Environment

  - by William

  Thanks to a SQL injection vulnerability found last week, some of my recommendations are being investigated at work. We recently re-did an application which stores personally identifiable information whose disclosure could lead to identity theft. While we read some of the data on a regular basis, the restricted data we only need a couple of times a year and then only two employees need it. I've read up on SQL Server 2008's encryption function, but I'm not convinced that's the route I want to go. My problem ultimately boils down to the fact that we're either using symmetric keys or assymetric keys encrypted by a symmetric key. Thus it seems like a SQL injection attack could lead to a data leak. I realize permissions should prevent that, permissions should also prevent the leaking in the first place. It seems to me the better method would be to asymmetrically encrypt the data in the web application. Then store the private key offline and have a fat client that they can run the few times a year they need to access the restricted data so the data could be decrypted on the client. This way, if the server get compromised, we don't leak old data although depending on what they do we may leak future data. I think the big disadvantage is this would require re-writing the web application and creating a new fat application (to pull the restricted data). Due to the recent problem, I can probably get the time allocated, so now would be the proper time to make the recommendation. Do you have a better suggestion? Which method would you recommend? More importantly why?

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• Best way to sign data in web form with user certificate

  - by salgiza

  We have a C# web app where users will connect using a digital certificate stored in their browsers. From the examples that we have seen, verifying their identity will be easy once we enable SSL, as we can access the fields in the certificate, using Request.ClientCertificate, to check the user's name. We have also been requested, however, to sign the data sent by the user (a few simple fields and a binary file) so that we can prove, without doubt, which user entered each record in our database. Our first thought was creating a small text signature including the fields (and, if possible, the md5 of the file) and encrypt it with the private key of the certificate, but... As far as I know we can't access the private key of the certificate to sign the data, and I don't know if there is any way to sign the fields in the browser, or we have no other option than using a Java applet. And if it's the latter, how we would do it (Is there any open source applet we can use? Would it be better if we create one ourselves?) Of course, it would be better if there was any way to "sign" the fields received in the server, using the data that we can access from the user's certificate. But if not, any info on the best way to solve the problem would be appreciated.

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• C# why unit test has this strange behaviour?

  - by 5YrsLaterDBA

  I have a class to encrypt the connectionString. public class SKM { private string connStrName = "AndeDBEntities"; internal void encryptConnStr() { if(isConnStrEncrypted()) return; ... } private bool isConnStrEncrypted() { bool status = false; // Open app.config of executable. System.Configuration.Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None); // Get the connection string from the app.config file. string connStr = config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings[connStrName].ConnectionString; status = !(connStr.Contains("provider")); Log.logItem(LogType.DebugDevelopment, "isConnStrEncrypted", "SKM::isConnStrEncrypted()", "isConnStrEncrypted=" + status); return status; } } Above code works fine in my application. But not in my unit test project. In my unit test project, I test the encryptConnStr() method. it will call isConnStrEncrypted() method. Then exception (null pointer) will be thrown at this line: string connStr = config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings[connStrName].ConnectionString; I have to use index like this to pass the unit test: string connStr = config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings[0].ConnectionString; I remember it worked several days ago at the time I added above unit test. But now it give me an error. The unit test is not integrated with our daily auto build yet. We only have ONE connectionStr. It works with product but not in unit test. Don't know why. Anybody can explain to me?

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• UDP security and identifying incoming data.

  - by Charles

  I have been creating an application using UDP for transmitting and receiving information. The problem I am running into is security. Right now I am using the IP/socketid in determining what data belongs to whom. However, I have been reading about how people could simply spoof their IP, then just send data as a specific IP. So this seems to be the wrong way to do it (insecure). So how else am I suppose to identify what data belongs to what users? For instance you have 10 users connected, all have specific data. The server would need to match the user data to this data we received. The only way I can see to do this is to use some sort of client/server key system and encrypt the data. I am curious as to how other applications (or games, since that's what this application is) make sure their data is genuine. Also there is the fact that encryption takes much longer to process than unencrypted. Although I am not sure by how much it will affect performance. Any information would be appreciated. Thanks.

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• Storing an encrypted cookie with Rails

  - by J. Pablo Fernández

  I need to store a small piece of data (less than 10 characters) in a cookie in Rails and I need it to be secure. I don't want anybody being able to read that piece of data or injecting their own piece of data (as that would open up the app to many kinds of attacks). I think encrypting the contents of the cookie is the way to go (should I also sign it?). What is the best way to do it? Right now I'm doing this, which looks secure, but many things looked secure to people that knew much more than I about security and then it was discovered it wasn't really secure. I'm saving the secret in this way: encryptor = ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor.new(Example::Application.config.secret_token) cookies[:secret] = { :value => encryptor.encrypt(secret), :domain => "example.com", :secure => !(Rails.env.test? || Rails.env.development?) } and then I'm reading it like this: encryptor = ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor.new(Example::Application.config.secret_token) secret = encryptor.decrypt(cookies[:secret]) Is that secure? Any better ways of doing it? Update: I know about Rails' session and how it is secure, both by signing the cookie and by optionally storing the contents of the session server side and I do use the session for what it is for. But my question here is about storing a cookie, a piece of information I do not want in the session but I still need it to be secure.

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• EF 4.0 Guid or Int as A primary Key

  - by bigb

  I am Implementing custom ASPNetMembership using EF 4.0 Is there any reason why i should use Guid as a primary key in User tables? As far as i know Int as a PK on SQL Server more performanced than strings. And Int is easier to iterate. Also, for security purpose if i need to pass this it id somewhere in url i may encrypt it somehow and pass it like a strings with no probs. But if i want to use auto generated Guid on SQL Server side using EF 4.0 i need to do this trick http://leedumond.com/blog/using-a-guid-as-an-entitykey-in-entity-framework-4/ I can't see any cases why i should use Guid as PK, may be only one if system going to have millions ans millions users, but also, theoretically, Guid could be duplicated sometime isn't so? Anyway Int32 size is 2,147.483.647 it is pretty much even for very-very big system, but if this number is still not enough I may go with Int64, in that cases I may have 9,223.372.036.854.775.807 rows. Pretty much huh? From another hand, M$ using Guids as PK in their ASPNetMembership implementation. [aspnetdb].[aspnet_Users] - PK UserId Type uniqueidentifier, should be some reasons/explanation why the did it?! May be some one has any ideas/experience about that?

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• How to secure connection strings in VS?

  - by salvationishere

  I see several others have posted this question, however, none of the solutions I've tried have fixed this yet. I have a 32-bit XP running VS 2008 and I am trying to encrypt my connection string in my web.config file. But I am getting the error: The configuration section '...' was not found. Failed! The command I give it: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VCAspnet_regiis.exe -pe "system.we b/AdventureWorksConnectionString2" -app "/Documents and Settings/Admin/My Docume nts/Visual Studio 2008/Projects/AddFileToSQL2" Also, how does -app map virtual directory? In other words the path above is the directory right below c:. Is this the correct path to use? And AddFileToSQL2 is the name of my project, although it is part of the AddFileToSQL solution. I have this folder web shared with all of the permissions. And the relevant part of my web.config file: <add name="AdventureWorksConnectionString2" connectionString="Data Source=SIDEKICK;Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;Persist Security Info=true; User ID=AdventureWorks;Password=sqlMagic" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

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• Unable to Connect to Management Studio Server

  - by Phil Hilliard

  I have a nasty situation. I am using Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio Express edition locally on my pc for testing, and once tested I upload database changes to a remote server. I have a situation where I deleted the Default Database on my local machine, and instead of searching hard enough to find an answer to that problem, I uninstalled and reinstalled Management Studio. Since then Management Studio has not been able to connect to the server. Is there any help (or hope for me for that matter), out there????? The following is the detailed error message: =================================== Cannot connect to LENOVO-E7A54767\SQLEXPRESS. =================================== A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified) (.Net SqlClient Data Provider) ------------------------------ For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&EvtSrc=MSSQLServer&EvtID=-1&LinkId=20476 ------------------------------ Error Number: -1 Severity: 20 State: 0 ------------------------------ Program Location: at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Connect(ServerInfo serverInfo, SqlInternalConnectionTds connHandler, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, Int64 timerExpire, Boolean encrypt, Boolean trustServerCert, Boolean integratedSecurity, SqlConnection owningObject) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.AttemptOneLogin(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, Int64 timerExpire, SqlConnection owningObject) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.LoginNoFailover(String host, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Int64 timerStart) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.OpenLoginEnlist(SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds..ctor(DbConnectionPoolIdentity identity, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Object providerInfo, String newPassword, SqlConnection owningObject, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningConnection) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreateNonPooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPoolGroup poolGroup) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.GetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.OpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.Open() at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.UI.VSIntegration.ObjectExplorer.ObjectExplorer.ValidateConnection(UIConnectionInfo ci, IServerType server) at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.UI.ConnectionDlg.Connector.ConnectionThreadUser()

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• Reality behind wireless security - the weakness of encrypting

  - by Cawas

  I welcome better key-wording here, both on tags and title, and I'll add more links as soon as possible. For some years I'm trying to conceive a wireless environment that I'd setup anywhere and advise for everyone, including from big enterprises to small home networks of 1 machine. I've always had the feeling using any kind of the so called "wireless security" methods is actually a bad design. I'm talking mostly about encrypting and pass-phrasing (which are actually two different concepts), since I won't even considering hiding SSID and mac filtering. I understand it's a natural way of thinking. With cable networking nobody can access the network unless they have access to the physical cable, so you're "secure" in the physical way. In a way, encrypting is for wireless what walling (building walls) is for the cables. And giving pass-phrases is adding a door with a key. But the cabling without encryption is also insecure. Someone just need to plugin and get your data! And while I can see the use for encrypting data, I don't think it's a security measure in wireless networks. As I said elsewhere, I believe we should encrypt only sensitive data regardless of wires. And passwords should be added to the users, always, not to wifi. For securing files, truly, best solution is backup. Sure all that doesn't happen that often, but I won't consider the most situations where people just don't care. I think there are enough situations where people actually care on using passwords on their OS users, so let's go with that in mind. For being able to break the walls or the door someone will need proper equipment such as a hammer or a master key of some kind. Same is true for breaking the wireless walls in the analogy. But, I'd say true data security is at another place. I keep promoting the Fonera concept as an instance. It opens up a free wifi port, if you choose so, and anyone can connect to the internet through that, without having any access to your LAN. It also uses a QoS which will never let your bandwidth drop from that public usage. That's security, and it's open. And who doesn't want to be able to use internet freely anywhere you can find wifi spots? I have 3G myself, but that's beyond the point here. If I have a wifi at home I want to let people freely use it for internet as to not be an hypocrite and even guests can easily access my files, just for reading access, so I don't need to keep setting up encryption and pass-phrases that are not whole compatible. I'll probably be bashed for promoting the non-usage of WPA 2 with AES or whatever, but I wanted to know from more experienced (super) users out there: what do you think? Is there really a need for encryption to have true wireless security?

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• IPSEC site-to-site Openswan to Cisco ASA

  - by Jim

  I recieved a list of commands that were run on the right side of the VPN tunnel which is where the Cisco ASA resides. On my side, I have a linux based firewall running debian with openswan installed. I am having an issue with getting to Phase 2 of the VPN negotiation. Here is the Cisco Information I was sent: {my_public_ip} = left side of connection tunnel-group {my_public_ip} type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group {my_public_ip} ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key fakefake crypto map vpn1 1 match add customer-ipsec crypto map vpn1 1 set peer {my_public_ip} crypto map vpn1 1 set transform-set aes-256-sha crypto map vpn1 interface outside static (outside,inside) 10.2.1.200 {my_public_ip} netmask 255.255.255.255 crypto ipsec transform-set aes-256-sha esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto map vpn1 1 match address customer-ipsec crypto map vpn1 1 set peer {my_public_ip} crypto map vpn1 1 set transform-set aes-256-sha crypto map vpn1 interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 Myside ipsec.conf config setup klipsdebug=none plutodebug=none protostack=netkey #nat_traversal=yes conn cisco #name of VPN connection type=tunnel authby=secret #left side (myside) left={myPublicIP} leftsubnet=172.16.250.0/24 #net subnet on left sdie to assign to right side leftnexthop=%defaultroute #right security gateway (ASA side) right={CiscoASA_publicIP} #cisco ASA rightsubnet=10.2.1.0/24 rightnexthop=%defaultroute #crypo stuff keyexchange=ike ikelifetime=86400s auth=esp pfs=no compress=no auto=start ipsec.secrets file {CiscoASA_publicIP} {myPublicIP}: PSK "fakefake" When I start ipsec from the left side/my side I don't recieve any errors, however when I run the ipsec auto --status command: 000 "cisco": 172.16.250.0/24==={left_public_ip}<{left_public_ip}>[+S=C]---{left_public_ip_gateway}...{left_public_ip_gateway}--{right_public_ip}<{right_public_ip}>[+S=C]===10.2.1.0/24; prospective erouted; eroute owner: #0 000 "cisco": myip=unset; hisip=unset; 000 "cisco": ike_life: 86400s; ipsec_life: 28800s; rekey_margin: 540s; rekey_fuzz: 100%; keyingtries: 0 000 "cisco": policy: PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK+lKOD+rKOD; prio: 24,24; interface: eth0; 000 "cisco": newest ISAKMP SA: #0; newest IPsec SA: #0; 000 000 #2: "cisco":500 STATE_MAIN_I1 (sent MI1, expecting MR1); EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 10s; nodpd; idle; import:admin initiate 000 #2: pending Phase 2 for "cisco" replacing #0 Now I'm new to setting up an site-to-site IPSEC tunnel so the status informatino I am unsure what it means. All I know is it sits at this "pending Phase 2" and I can't ping the other side, Another question I have is, if I do a route -n, should I see anything relating to this connection? Also, I read a few artilcle where configs contained the interface="ipsec0=eth0", is this an interface that I have to create on the linux debian firewall on my side? Appreciate your time to look at this.

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• Configure Postfix to Port other than 25

  - by bwheeler96

  I've done quite a bit of googling on how to reconfigure postfix to work on a different port, but I still can't fond the line(s) people keep talking about in my master.cf. I'm using OS X Mountain Lion, and my ISP blocks traffic both ways on port 25. people have said to look for a line that says smtp inet n - n - - smtpd I can't find it. This is (what I believe to be) unmodified # ==== Begin auto-generated section ======================================== # This section of the master.cf file is auto-generated by the Server Admin # Mail backend plugin whenever mails settings are modified. smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy submission inet n - n - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt smtp unix - - n - - smtp # === End auto-generated section =========================================== # Modern SMTP clients communicate securely over port 25 using the STARTTLS command. # Some older clients, such as Outlook 2000 and its predecessors, do not properly # support this command and instead assume a preconfigured secure connection # on port 465. This was sometimes called "smtps", but such usage was never # approved by the IANA and therefore conflicts with another, legitimate assignment. # For more details about managing secure SMTP connections with postfix, please see: # http://www.postfix.org/TLS_README.html # To read more about configuring secure connections with Outlook 2000, please read: # http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;Q307772 # Apple does not support the use of port 465 for this purpose. # After determining that connecting clients do require this behavior, you may choose # to manually enable support for these older clients by uncommenting the following # four lines. #465 inet n - n - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - n - - smtp pickup fifo n - n 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce defer unix - - n - 0 bounce trace unix - - n - 0 bounce verify unix - - n - 1 verify sacl-cache unix - - n - 1 sacl-cache flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - n - - showq error unix - - n - - error retry unix - - n - - error discard unix - - n - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil scache unix - - n - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.

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• LUKS with LVM, mount is not persistent after reboot

  - by linxsaga

  I have created a Logical vol and used luks to encrypt it. But while rebooting the server. I get a error message (below), therefore I would have to enter the root pass and disable the /etc/fstab entry. So mount of the LUKS partition is not persistent during reboot using LUKS. I have this setup on RHEL6 and wondering what i could be missing. I want to the LV to get be mount on reboot. Later I would want to replace it with UUID instead of the device name. Error message on reboot: "Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue):" Here are the steps from the beginning: [root@rhel6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb Volume group "vg01" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvcreate --size 500M -n lvol1 vg01 Logical volume "lvol1" created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/vg01/lvol1 VG Name vg01 LV UUID nX9DDe-ctqG-XCgO-2wcx-ddy4-i91Y-rZ5u91 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 500.00 MiB Current LE 125 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vg01/lvol1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/vg01/lvol1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir /house [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vg01/lvol1 house Enter passphrase for /dev/vg01/lvol1: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/house mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 127512 inodes, 509952 blocks 25497 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152 63 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2024 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/house /house PS: HERE I have successfully mounted: [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab -> as follow /dev/mapper/house /house ext4 defaults 1 2 [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/crypttab -> entry as follows house /dev/vg01/lvol1 password [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -o remount /house [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# umount /house/ [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -a -> SUCCESSFUL AGAIN [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found Please let me know if I am missing anything here. Thanks in advance.

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• Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

  - by Mark

  I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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• Unecrypted Image of Truecrypt-Encrypted System Partition

  - by Dexter

  The general tenor around the internet seems to be that you can't create images of system partitions that have been encrypted (with truecrypt) other than with dd or similar sector-by-sector copy tools. These files however are very impractical given their size (and are obviously incompressible) which makes keeping multiple states/backups of your system partition rather expensive (..especially considering current hdd prices). The problem is that backup tools (like Acronis True Image, Clonezilla, etc.) won't give you the option to create an image of (mounted/opened) Truecrypt partitions, or that there is no recovery environment for restoring the backup, that would allow to run truecrypt before doing any actual restoring. After some trial and error however, I believe I have found a very simple way. Since Truecrypt (running in Linux) creates a virtual block device, that it uses for mounting the unencrypted partitions into the file system, partclone can be used for creating/restoring images. What I did: boot up a linux live disk mount/open the drive/device/partition in truecrypt unmount the filesystem mount point again, like so: umount /media/truecryptX ("X" being the partition number assigend by truecrypt) use partclone (this is what clonezilla would do too, except that clonezilla only offers you to back up real drive partitions, not virtual block devices): partclone.ntfs -c -s /dev/mapper/truecryptX -o nameOfBackupFile for restoring steps 1-3 remain the same, and step 4 is partclone.ntfs -r -s nameOfBackupFile -o /dev/mapper/truecryptX A backup and test-restore of the system (with this method) seems to have worked fine (and the changed settings were reverted to the backup-state). The backup file is ~40 GB (and compressible down to <8GB with 7zip/LZMA2 on the "fast" setting). I can't quite believe that I'm the only one that wants to create images of encrypted drives, but doesn't want to waste 100GB on the backup of one single system state. So my question now is, given how simple this was, and that no one seems to mention anywhere that this is possible - did I miss something? or did I do something wrong? Is there any situation that I didn't think of where this method will fail? Obviously, the backup file needs to be stored in some other encrypted place in order to still remain confidential, since it is unencrypted. Also, in order to do a full "bare metal" restore, one would have to actually first (re-)install Windows, encrypt it, and only then restore the backup file. The funny thing however is that you won't need to backup any partition tables, etc. since the reinstall will effectively take care of that. Is there anything else? This is imho still a lot better than having sector-by-sector images..

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• Postfix to deliver mail to a virtual address mailbox

  - by Chloe

  Postfix version 2.6.6, Dovecot Version 2.0.9 I want to setup Postfix + Dovecot. Dovecot seems to be working. I can authenticate. However, the mailbox is empty! Nothing will get delivered! I followed many tutorials on Postfix + Dovecot but they seem to want to complicate things by using Dovecot LDA or MySQL. I just want it to be very simple and having Postfix deliver to the virtual mail boxes are fine. I don't need MySQL either. I already set up a custom password file that Dovecot uses for authentication and I can login to POP3 with SSL. I can see from the logs that Postfix is delivering to the system user accounts (the catch-all), instead of the virtual users that I set up in Dovecot. The SMTP + SSL authentication seems to work also. I can also see from the logs that Dovecot is checking the correct virtual mail folder. I just need to figure out how to get Postfix to deliver to the virtual mail boxes. I have the following which I believe are relevant. Let me know what other settings you need to see: alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = xxx.com myhostname = mail.xxx.com mynetworks = 99.99.99.99, 99.99.99.99 myorigin = $mydomain relay_domains = $mydestination, xxx.com, domain2.net, domain3.com sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_sender reject_non_fqdn_recipient reject_unknown_recipient_domain permit_sasl_authenticated check_relay_domains smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_mx_access cidr:/etc/postfix/bogus_mx reject_invalid_hostname reject_unknown_sender_domain reject_non_fqdn_sender virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = xxx.com, domain2.net, domain3.com virtual_minimum_uid = 444 Postfix master.cf: submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot -o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth -o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous -o smtpd_sasl_local_domain=$myhostname -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o smtpd_sender_login_maps=hash:/etc/postfix/virtual -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_sender_login_mismatch -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject Dovecot related: mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/users.conf driver = passwd-file } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0660 user = postfix } } The virtual mail user: vmail:x:444:99:virtual mail users:/var/spool/vmail:/sbin/nologin Here is the /var/log/maillog when I try to send something to myself: Oct 25 22:10:05 308321 postfix/smtpd[2200]: connect from user-999.cable.mindspring.com[99.99.99.99] Oct 25 22:10:05 308321 postfix/smtpd[2200]: D224BD4753: client=user-999.cable.mindspring.com[99.99.99.99], sasl_method=LOGIN, [email protected] Oct 25 22:10:06 308321 postfix/cleanup[2207]: D224BD4753: message-id=<7DC3C163CFFC483AB6226F8D3D9969D2@dumbopc> Oct 25 22:10:06 308321 postfix/qmgr[2168]: D224BD4753: from=<[email protected]>, size=1385, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 25 22:10:06 308321 postfix/smtpd[2200]: disconnect from user-999.cable.mindspring.com[99.99.99.99] Oct 25 22:10:06 308321 postfix/local[2208]: D224BD4753: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=1.1, delays=0.53/0.02/0/0.51, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox) Oct 25 22:10:06 308321 postfix/qmgr[2168]: D224BD4753: removed

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• How to keep group-writeable shares on Samba with OSX clients?

  - by Oliver Salzburg

  I have a FreeNAS server on a network with OSX and Windows clients. When the OSX clients interact with SMB/CIFS shares on the server, they are causing permission problems for all other clients. Update: I can no longer verify any answers because we abandoned the project, but feel free to post any help for future visitors. The details of this behavior seem to also be dependent on the version of OSX the client is running. For this question, let's assume a client running 10.8.2. When I mount the CIFS share on an OSX client and create a new directory on it, the directory will be created with drwxr-x-rx permissions. This is undesirable because it will not allow anyone but me to write to the directory. There are other users in my group which should have write permissions as well. This behavior happens even though the following settings are present in smb.conf on the server: [global] create mask= 0666 directory mask= 0777 [share] force directory mode= 0775 force create mode= 0660 I was under the impression that these settings should make sure that directories are at least created with rwxrwxr-x permissions. But, I guess, that doesn't stop the client from changing the permissions after creating the directory. When I create a folder on the same share from a Windows client, the new folder will have the desired access permissions (rwxrwxrwx), so I'm currently assuming that the problem lies with the OSX client. I guess this wouldn't be such an issue if you could easily change the permissions of the directories you've created, but you can't. When opening the directory info in Finder, I get the old "You have custom access" notice with no ability to make any changes. I'm assuming that this is caused because we're using Windows ACLs on the share, but that's just a wild guess. Changing the write permissions for the group through the terminal works fine, but this is unpractical for the deployment and unreasonable to expect from anyone to do. This is the complete smb.conf: [global] encrypt passwords = yes dns proxy = no strict locking = no read raw = yes write raw = yes oplocks = yes max xmit = 65535 deadtime = 15 display charset = LOCALE max log size = 10 syslog only = yes syslog = 1 load printers = no printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null disable spoolss = yes smb passwd file = /var/etc/private/smbpasswd private dir = /var/etc/private getwd cache = yes guest account = nobody map to guest = Bad Password obey pam restrictions = Yes # NOTE: read smb.conf. directory name cache size = 0 max protocol = SMB2 netbios name = freenas workgroup = COMPANY server string = FreeNAS Server store dos attributes = yes hostname lookups = yes security = user passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://ldap.company.local ldap admin dn = cn=admin,dc=company,dc=local ldap suffix = dc=company,dc=local ldap user suffix = ou=Users ldap group suffix = ou=Groups ldap machine suffix = ou=Computers ldap ssl = off ldap replication sleep = 1000 ldap passwd sync = yes #ldap debug level = 1 #ldap debug threshold = 1 ldapsam:trusted = yes idmap uid = 10000-39999 idmap gid = 10000-39999 create mask = 0666 directory mask = 0777 client ntlmv2 auth = yes dos charset = CP437 unix charset = UTF-8 log level = 1 [share] path = /mnt/zfs0 printable = no veto files = /.snap/.windows/.zfs/ writeable = yes browseable = yes inherit owner = no inherit permissions = no vfs objects = zfsacl guest ok = no inherit acls = Yes map archive = No map readonly = no nfs4:mode = special nfs4:acedup = merge nfs4:chown = yes hide dot files force directory mode = 0775 force create mode = 0660

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• Windows 2008 R2 IPsec encryption in tunnel mode, hosts in same subnet

  - by fission

  In Windows there appear to be two ways to set up IPsec: The IP Security Policy Management MMC snap-in (part of secpol.msc, introduced in Windows 2000). The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security MMC snap-in (wf.msc, introduced in Windows 2008/Vista). My question concerns #2 – I already figured out what I need to know for #1. (But I want to use the ‘new’ snap-in for its improved encryption capabilities.) I have two Windows Server 2008 R2 computers in the same domain (domain members), on the same subnet: server2 172.16.11.20 server3 172.16.11.30 My goal is to encrypt all communication between these two machines using IPsec in tunnel mode, so that the protocol stack is: IP ESP IP …etc. First, on each computer, I created a Connection Security Rule: Endpoint 1: (local IP address), eg 172.16.11.20 for server2 Endpoint 2: (remote IP address), eg 172.16.11.30 Protocol: Any Authentication: Require inbound and outbound, Computer (Kerberos V5) IPsec tunnel: Exempt IPsec protected connections Local tunnel endpoint: Any Remote tunnel endpoint: (remote IP address), eg 172.16.11.30 At this point, I can ping each machine, and Wireshark shows me the protocol stack; however, nothing is encrypted (which is expected at this point). I know that it's unencrypted because Wireshark can decode it (using the setting Attempt to detect/decode NULL encrypted ESP payloads) and the Monitor Security Associations Quick Mode display shows ESP Encryption: None. Then on each server, I created Inbound and Outbound Rules: Protocol: Any Local IP addresses: (local IP address), eg 172.16.11.20 Remote IP addresses: (remote IP address), eg 172.16.11.30 Action: Allow the connection if it is secure Require the connections to be encrypted The problem: Though I create the Inbound and Outbound Rules on each server to enable encryption, the data is still going over the wire (wrapped in ESP) with NULL encryption. (You can see this in Wireshark.) When the arrives at the receiving end, it's rejected (presumably because it's unencrypted). [And, disabling the Inbound rule on the receiving end causes it to lock up and/or bluescreen – fun!] The Windows Firewall log says, eg: 2014-05-30 22:26:28 DROP ICMP 172.16.11.20 172.16.11.30 - - 60 - - - - 8 0 - RECEIVE I've tried varying a few things: In the Rules, setting the local IP address to Any Toggling the Exempt IPsec protected connections setting Disabling rules (eg disabling one or both sets of Inbound or Outbound rules) Changing the protocol (eg to just TCP) But realistically there aren't that many knobs to turn. Does anyone have any ideas? Has anyone tried to set up tunnel mode between two hosts using Windows Firewall? I've successfully got it set up in transport mode (ie no tunnel) using exactly the same set of rules, so I'm a bit surprised that it didn't Just Work™ with the tunnel added.

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• Integrate Nitro PDF Reader with Windows 7

  - by Matthew Guay

  Would you like a lightweight PDF reader that integrates nicely with Office and Windows 7?  Here we look at the new Nitro PDF Reader, a nice PDF viewer that also lets you create and markup PDF files. Adobe Reader is the de-facto PDF viewer, but it only lets you view PDFs and not much else.  Additionally, it doesn’t fully integrate with 64-bit editions of Vista and Windows 7.  There are many alternate PDF readers, but Nitro PDF Reader is a new entry into this field that offers more features than most PDF readers.  From the creators of the popular free PrimoPDF printer, the new Reader lets you create PDFs from a variety of file formats and markup existing PDFs with notes, highlights, stamps, and more in addition to viewing PDFs.  It also integrates great with Windows 7 using the Office 2010 ribbon interface. Getting Started Download the free Nitro PDF Reader (link below) and install as normal.  Nitro PDF Reader has separate versions for 32 & 64-bit editions of Windows, so download the correct one for your computer. Note:  Nitro PDF Reader is still in Beta testing, so only install if you’re comfortable with using beta software. On first run, Nitro PDF Reader will ask if you want to make it the default PDF viewer.  If you don’t want to, make sure to uncheck the box beside Always perform this check to keep it from opening this prompt every time you use it. It will also open an introductory PDF the first time you run it so you can quickly get acquainted with its features. Windows 7 Integration One of the first things you’ll notice is that Nitro PDF Reader integrates great with Windows 7.  The ribbon interface fits right in with native applications such as WordPad and Paint, as well as Office 2010. If you set Nitro PDF Reader as your default PDF viewer, you’ll see thumbnails of your PDFs in Windows Explorer. If you turn on the Preview Pane, you can read full PDFs in Windows Explorer.  Adobe Reader lets you do this in 32 bit versions, but Nitro PDF works in 64 bit versions too. The PDF preview even works in Outlook.  If you receive an email with a PDF attachment, you can select the PDF and view it directly in the Reading Pane.  Click the Preview file button, and you can uncheck the box at the bottom so PDFs will automatically open for preview if you want.   Now you can read your PDF attachments in Outlook without opening them separately.  This works in both Outlook 2007 and 2010. Edit your PDFs Adobe Reader only lets you view PDF files, and you can’t save data you enter in PDF forms.  Nitro PDF Reader, however, gives you several handy markup tools you can use to edit your PDFs.  When you’re done, you can save the final PDF, including information entered into forms. With the ribbon interface, it’s easy to find the tools you want to edit your PDFs. Here we’ve highlighted text in a PDF and added a note to it.  We can now save these changes, and they’ll look the same in any PDF reader, including Adobe Reader. You can also enter new text in PDFs.  This will open a new tab in the ribbon, where you can select basic font settings.  Select the Click To Finish button in the ribbon when you’re finished editing text.   Or, if you want to use the text or pictures from a PDF in another application, you can choose to extract them directly in Nitro PDF Reader.  Create PDFs One of the best features of Nitro PDF Reader is the ability to create PDFs from almost any file.  Nitro adds a new virtual printer to your computer that creates PDF files from anything you can print.  Print your file as normal, but select the Nitro PDF Creator (Reader) printer. Enter a name for your PDF, select if you want to edit the PDF properties, and click Create. If you choose to edit the PDF properties, you can add your name and information to the file, select the initial view, encrypt it, and restrict permissions. Alternately, you can create a PDF from almost any file by simply drag-and-dropping it into Nitro PDF Reader.  It will automatically convert the file to PDF and open it in a new tab in Nitro PDF. Now from the File menu you can send the PDF as an email attachment so anyone can view it. Make sure to save the PDF before closing Nitro, as it does not automatically save the PDF file.   Conclusion Nitro PDF Reader is a nice alternative to Adobe Reader, and offers some features that are only available in the more expensive Adobe Acrobat.  With great Windows 7 integration, including full support for 64-bit editions, Nitro fits in with the Windows and Office experience very nicely.  If you have tried out Nitro PDF Reader leave a comment and let us know what you think. Link Download Nitro PDF Reader Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Install Adobe PDF Reader on Ubuntu EdgySubscribe to RSS Feeds in Chrome with a Single ClickChange Default Feed Reader in FirefoxFix for Windows Explorer Folder Pane in XP Becomes Grayed OutRemove "Please wait while the document is being prepared for reading" Message in Adobe Reader 8 TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 tinysong gives a shortened URL for you to post on Twitter (or anywhere) 10 Superb Firefox Wallpapers OpenDNS Guide Google TV The iPod Revolution Ultimate Boot CD can help when disaster strikes

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• Internet Explorer and Cookie Domains

  - by Rick Strahl

  I've been bitten by some nasty issues today in regards to using a domain cookie as part of my FormsAuthentication operations. In the app I'm currently working on we need to have single sign-on that spans multiple sub-domains (www.domain.com, store.domain.com, mail.domain.com etc.). That's what a domain cookie is meant for - when you set the cookie with a Domain value of the base domain the cookie stays valid for all sub-domains. I've been testing the app for quite a while and everything is working great. Finally I get around to checking the app with Internet Explorer and I start discovering some problems - specifically on my local machine using localhost. It appears that Internet Explorer (all versions) doesn't allow you to specify a domain of localhost, a local IP address or machine name. When you do, Internet Explorer simply ignores the cookie. In my last post I talked about some generic code I created to basically parse out the base domain from the current URL so a domain cookie would automatically used using this code:private void IssueAuthTicket(UserState userState, bool rememberMe) { FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, userState.UserId, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddDays(10), rememberMe, userState.ToString()); string ticketString = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket); HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, ticketString); cookie.HttpOnly = true; if (rememberMe) cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(10); var domain = Request.Url.GetBaseDomain(); if (domain != Request.Url.DnsSafeHost) cookie.Domain = domain; HttpContext.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie); } This code works fine on all browsers but Internet Explorer both locally and on full domains. And it also works fine for Internet Explorer with actual 'real' domains. However, this code fails silently for IE when the domain is localhost or any other local address. In that case Internet Explorer simply refuses to accept the cookie and fails to log in. Argh! The end result is that the solution above trying to automatically parse the base domain won't work as local addresses end up failing. Configuration Setting Given this screwed up state of affairs, the best solution to handle this is a configuration setting. Forms Authentication actually has a domain key that can be set for FormsAuthentication so that's natural choice for the storing the domain name: <authentication mode="Forms"> <forms loginUrl="~/Account/Login" name="gnc" domain="mydomain.com" slidingExpiration="true" timeout="30" xdt:Transform="Replace"/> </authentication> Although I'm not actually letting FormsAuth set my cookie directly I can still access the domain name from the static FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain property, by changing the domain assignment code to:if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain)) cookie.Domain = FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain; The key is to only set the domain when actually running on a full authority, and leaving the domain key blank on the local machine to avoid the local address debacle. Note if you want to see this fail with IE, set the domain to domain="localhost" and watch in Fiddler what happens. Logging Out When specifying a domain key for a login it's also vitally important that that same domain key is used when logging out. Forms Authentication will do this automatically for you when the domain is set and you use FormsAuthentication.SignOut(). If you use an explicit Cookie to manage your logins or other persistant value, make sure that when you log out you also specify the domain. IOW, the expiring cookie you set for a 'logout' should match the same settings - name, path, domain - as the cookie you used to set the value.HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("gne", ""); cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-5); // make sure we use the same logic to release cookie var domain = Request.Url.GetBaseDomain(); if (domain != Request.Url.DnsSafeHost) cookie.Domain = domain; HttpContext.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie); I managed to get my code to do what I needed it to, but man I'm getting so sick and tired of fixing IE only bugs. I spent most of the day today fixing a number of small IE layout bugs along with this issue which took a bit of time to trace down.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in ASP.NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Trouble with Samba Domain

  - by Arkevius

  I'm having a bit of trouble setting up this Samba domain correctly. I'm getting an Access Denied error when trying to add a Windows XP machine to the domain. I'll go through my scenario in detail, but for those of you wanting a TLDR summary it'll be at the bottom of this post. I have HP Proliant server with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installed. For this particular environment, I need this server to act as a PDC, file server, and print server. I began by updating and upgrading the packages (of course). Then went to install samba, gnome-desktop, wine, and cpanm. Samba was, of course, for the PDC and file/print services. The GUI was needed because a certain software has to be installed on there that needs a GUI. Wine was needed because the software is Windows-native. And cpanm was for a perl script I have running. For Samba, I went into the smb.conf file and enabled domain logons, changed the workgroup/domain name, the logon script for a per-group basis (netlogon/%g), enabled the netlogon and profiles share, and setup a couple of custom shares for the file service. The printer was added later, and seems to be working just fine. I then restarted the services, and used the net groupmap command to ensure my unix groups were mapped correctly to the Windows groups. After this, I went to a Windows box, and was able to successfully join the domain without a problem. After some fidgeting with the software to get it running on the win boxes from the server (it's a records management system program, which stores it's database files on the server), I went to add another computer to the domain. But now it's saying Access Denied. Before when I had this trouble it was because I forgot to add the group "machines" so Samba could create machine accounts. Thinking this was the case, I manually created the machine account to test this theory. However, it would still give me an Access Denied error. That must mean it has something to do with permissions now, correct? I've been fighting with this server for the past two weeks. If it's not one thing that;s wrong, then it's something else completely different. This would be the third time I've actually reinstalled everything to start over. I'll post snippets of my system settings below. If anything else is needed, just say the word and I'll gather up the info. The unix group 'domadmin' is the Domain Admins group. Samba Administrator account administrator:x:1000:1000:Administrator,,,:/home/administrator:/bin/bash Adminstrator's groups administrator adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare domadmin crimestar Samba's Configuration FIle (a snippet anyways) [global] workgroup = CITYPD server string = BPDServer dns proxy = no log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 syslog = 0 panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d security = user encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes map to guest = bad user domain logons = yes logon path = \\%L\srv\samba\profiles\%U logon script = logon.bat add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u domain master = yes usershare allow guests = yes [netlogon] comment = Network Logon Service path = /srv/samba/netlogon/%g guest ok = yes read only = yes browseable = no [profiles] comment = All Printers browseable = no path = /var/spool/samba printable = yes guest ok = no read only = yes create mask = 0700 [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = no write list = root, @lpadmin [crimestar] comment = "Crimestar DB" path = /srv/crimestar/db valid users = @domadmin, @crimestar admin users = administrator writeable = yes guest ok = no browseable = no create mask = 0666 directory mask = 0777 [crimestarfiles] path = /home/administrator/.wine/drive_c/crimestar admin users = administrator browseable = yes ls -la on /srv/samba/profiles drwxrwxrwx 2 root machines 4096 Nov 21 15:27 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 21 15:28 .. ls -la on /srv/samba/netlogon drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Nov 21 15:30 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 21 15:28 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 21 15:30 crimestar drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 21 18:13 domadmin drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 21 15:30 guests drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 21 15:29 users GrouMap list Domain Users (S-1-5-21-2978508755-2341913247-928297747-513) -> users Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-2978508755-2341913247-928297747-512) -> domadmin Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-2978508755-2341913247-928297747-514) -> nogroup TLDR I'm getting an Access Denied error message while trying to join a windows box to a samba domain, even after I successfully joined another computer without a problem. System settings / files are quoted above. Anyone have any ideas or suggestions?

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• how to enable SQL Application Role via Entity Framework

  - by Ehsan Farahani

  I'm now developing big government application with entity framework. at first i have one problem about enable SQL application role. with ado.net I'm using below code: SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("sys.sp_setapprole"); cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; cmd.Connection = _sqlConn; SqlParameter paramAppRoleName = new SqlParameter(); paramAppRoleName.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; paramAppRoleName.ParameterName = "@rolename"; paramAppRoleName.Value = "AppRole"; cmd.Parameters.Add(paramAppRoleName); SqlParameter paramAppRolePwd = new SqlParameter(); paramAppRolePwd.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; paramAppRolePwd.ParameterName = "@password"; paramAppRolePwd.Value = "123456"; cmd.Parameters.Add(paramAppRolePwd); SqlParameter paramCreateCookie = new SqlParameter(); paramCreateCookie.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; paramCreateCookie.ParameterName = "@fCreateCookie"; paramCreateCookie.DbType = DbType.Boolean; paramCreateCookie.Value = 1; cmd.Parameters.Add(paramCreateCookie); SqlParameter paramEncrypt = new SqlParameter(); paramEncrypt.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; paramEncrypt.ParameterName = "@encrypt"; paramEncrypt.Value = "none"; cmd.Parameters.Add(paramEncrypt); SqlParameter paramEnableCookie = new SqlParameter(); paramEnableCookie.ParameterName = "@cookie"; paramEnableCookie.DbType = DbType.Binary; paramEnableCookie.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; paramEnableCookie.Size = 1000; cmd.Parameters.Add(paramEnableCookie); try { cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); SqlParameter outVal = cmd.Parameters["@cookie"]; // Store the enabled cookie so that approle can be disabled with the cookie. _appRoleEnableCookie = (byte[]) outVal.Value; } catch (Exception ex) { result = false; msg = "Could not execute enable approle proc." + Environment.NewLine + ex.Message; } But no matter how much I searched I could not find a way to implement on EF. Another question is: how to Add Application Role to Entity data model designer? I'm using the below code for execute parameter with EF: AEntities ar = new AEntities(); DbConnection con = ar.Connection; con.Open(); msg = ""; bool result = true; DbCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand(); cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; cmd.Connection = con; var d = new DbParameter[]{ new SqlParameter{ ParameterName="@r", Value ="AppRole",Direction = ParameterDirection.Input} , new SqlParameter{ ParameterName="@p", Value ="123456",Direction = ParameterDirection.Input} }; string sql = "EXEC " + procName + " @rolename=@r,@password=@p"; var s = ar.ExecuteStoreCommand(sql, d); When run ExecuteStoreCommand this line return error: Application roles can only be activated at the ad hoc level.

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• WCF: Using Streaming and Username/Password authentication at the same time

  - by Kay

  Hi, I have a WCF Service with the following requirements: a) The client requests a file from the server which is transferred as a Stream. Files may be 100MB or larger. I need streaming or chucking or whatever to make sure that IIS is not loading the whole package into memory before starting to send it. b) The client will transfer an ID to identify the file to be downloaded. The user should be authenticated by providing username/password. c) While the username/password part of the communication needs to be encrypted, encryption of the downloaded file is optional for our use case. My other services, where I am returning smaller files, I am using the following binding: <ws2007HttpBinding> <binding name="ws2007HttpExtern" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536000"> <security mode="Message"> <message clientCredentialType="UserName" /> </security> </binding> </ws2007HttpBinding> But, as I said, that is no good for streaming (Message encryption needs the complete message to encrypt and that is not the case when streaming). So, I asked Microsoft support and I got more or less the following proposal: <bindings> <basicHttpBinding> <binding name="basicStreaming" messageEncoding="Mtom" transferMode="StreamedResponse"> <security mode="Transport"> <transport clientCredentialType="Basic" /> </security> </binding> </bindings> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="MyProject.WCFInterface.DownloadBehavior" name="MyProject.WCFInterface.DownloadFile"> <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="basicStreaming" contract="MyProject.WCFInterface.IDownloadFile" /> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="MyProject.WCFInterface.DownloadBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="false" httpsGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> When I use this, I get the following error message: Could not find a base address that matches scheme https for the endpoint with binding BasicHttpBinding. Registered base address schemes are [http]. I am using the Web Development Server so far (for production IIS7). I have two questions. a) How would you configure WCF to achieve the goal? b) If the MS proposal is good: What I am doing wrong, the error message does not really help me. Thanks.

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• iPhone 3DES encryption key length issue

  - by Russell Hill

  Hi, I have been banging my head on a wall with this one. I need to code my iPhone application to encrypt a 4 digit "pin" using 3DES in ECB mode for transmission to a webservice which I believe is written in .NET. + (NSData *)TripleDESEncryptWithKey:(NSString *)key dataToEncrypt:(NSData*)encryptData { NSLog(@"kCCKeySize3DES=%d", kCCKeySize3DES); char keyBuffer[kCCKeySize3DES+1]; // room for terminator (unused) bzero( keyBuffer, sizeof(keyBuffer) ); // fill with zeroes (for padding) [key getCString: keyBuffer maxLength: sizeof(keyBuffer) encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; // encrypts in-place, since this is a mutable data object size_t numBytesEncrypted = 0; size_t returnLength = ([encryptData length] + kCCBlockSize3DES) & ~(kCCBlockSize3DES - 1); // NSMutableData* returnBuffer = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:returnLength]; char* returnBuffer = malloc(returnLength * sizeof(uint8_t) ); CCCryptorStatus ccStatus = CCCrypt(kCCEncrypt, kCCAlgorithm3DES , kCCOptionECBMode, keyBuffer, kCCKeySize3DES, nil, [encryptData bytes], [encryptData length], returnBuffer, returnLength, &numBytesEncrypted); if (ccStatus == kCCParamError) NSLog(@"PARAM ERROR"); else if (ccStatus == kCCBufferTooSmall) NSLog(@"BUFFER TOO SMALL"); else if (ccStatus == kCCMemoryFailure) NSLog(@"MEMORY FAILURE"); else if (ccStatus == kCCAlignmentError) NSLog(@"ALIGNMENT"); else if (ccStatus == kCCDecodeError) NSLog(@"DECODE ERROR"); else if (ccStatus == kCCUnimplemented) NSLog(@"UNIMPLEMENTED"); if(ccStatus == kCCSuccess) { NSLog(@"TripleDESEncryptWithKey encrypted: %@", [NSData dataWithBytes:returnBuffer length:numBytesEncrypted]); return [NSData dataWithBytes:returnBuffer length:numBytesEncrypted]; } else return nil; } } I do get a value encrypted using the above code, however it does not match the value from the .NET web service. I believe the issue is that the encryption key I have been supplied by the web service developers is 48 characters long. I see that the iPhone SDK constant "kCCKeySize3DES" is 24. So I SUSPECT, but don't know, that the commoncrypto API call is only using the first 24 characters of the supplied key. Is this correct? Is there ANY way I can get this to generate the correct encrypted pin? I have output the data bytes from the encryption PRIOR to base64 encoding it and have attempted to match this against those generated from the .NET code (with the help of a .NET developer who sent the byte array output to me). Neither the non-base64 encoded byte array nor the final base64 encoded strings match.

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