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• Is there any use for Bash scripting anymore?

  - by Precision

  I just finished my second year as a university CS student, so my "real-world" knowledge is lacking. I learned Java my first year, continued with Java and picked up C and simple Bash scripting my second. This summer I'm trying to learn Perl (God help me). I've dabbled with Python a bit in the past. My question is, now that we have very readable, very writable scripting languages like Python, Ruby, Perl, etc, why does anyone write Bash scripts? Is there something I'm missing? I know my linux box has perl and python. Are they not ubiquitous enough? Is there really something that's easier to do in Bash than in some other hll?

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• Install Bash completion together with distutils / pip

  - by ifischer

  I have created a simple Python module and want to distribute it with pip. I also want to install a Bash completion file together with the module. I'm installing the module with Python 2.7.1+ and pip 0.8.2. I have this setup.py: setup( name='jenkinsmon', version='0.0.1', description='Jenkins Job Monitor', long_description=open('README.txt').read(), scripts=['bin/jenkinsmon'], data_files=[ ('/etc/bash_completion.d', ['extras/jenkinsmon.completion']), ], install_requires = [ 'autojenkins', 'argparse' ], ) Now if I try to install the package with pip install -e ., the Bash completion file never gets installed together with the package. I also tried workarounds by specifying a MANIFEST.in, like described here: MANIFEST.in: include extras/jenkinsmon.completion But this also doesn't help - the completion files won't get installed. What can I do to install the Bash completion files?

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• How to translate small bash code to csh / tcsh (setting GNOME terminal title)

  - by user1069609

  I need help to translate the following bash code to tcsh : case $TERM in (xterm*) PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}\007"' ;; esac It is part of my .bashrc on all the machines which have bash as login shell. The code sets the GNOME terminal title to user@somehost (obviously with the real user name and host name). However some hosts have tcsh as login shell, so I need to translate the code into tcsh and add it to the .tcshrc . I considered to somehow source another file with the bash code from inside the .tcshrc file, but I couldn't make it work.

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• Bash script — determine if file modified?

  - by Alan H.

  I have a Bash script that repeatedly copies files every 5 seconds. But this is a touch overkill as usually there is no change. I know about the Linux command watch but as this script will be used on OS X computers (which don’t have watch, and I don’t want to make everyone install macports) I need to be able to check if a file is modified or not with straight Bash code. Should I be checking the file modified time? How can I do that? Edit: I was hoping to expand my script to do more than just copy the file, if it detected a change. So is there a pure-bash way to do this?

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• Renaming and Moving Files in Bash or Perl

  - by Katie

  HI, I'm completely new to Bash and StackOverflow. I need to move a set of files (all contained in the same folder) to a target folder where files with the same name could already exist. In case a specific file exists, I need to rename the file before moving it, by appending for example an incremental integer to the file name. The extensions should be preserved (in other words, that appended incremental integer should go before the extension). The file names could contain dots in the middle. Originally, I was thinking about comparing the two folders to have a list of the existing files (I did this with "comm"), but then I got a bit stuck. I think I'm just trying to do things in the most complicated possible way. Any hint to do this in the "bash way"? It's OK if it is done in a script other than bash script.

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• Bash commands not executed when through cron job - PHP

  - by basicxman

  Hi there! I have a cron job running a PHP script every five minutes; the PHP script executes two bash commands at the end of the script. I know the script is running due to a log file it appends to. When I run the PHP script manually via the Ubuntu Gnome Terminal both bash commands execute flawlessly; however when the PHP script is triggered via cron, the two bash commands are not ran. Any ideas? $command = 'notify-send "' . count($infoleakPosts) . ' New Posts."'; `$command`; $command = 'firefox http://example.com'; `$command`; */1 * * * * php /home/andrew/grab.php USERNAME PASSWORD # JOB_ID_1

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• Cygwin bash syntax error - but script run perfectly well in Ubuntu

  - by Michael Mao

  #!/bin/bash if test "$#" == "4"; then echo "$*"; else echo "args-error" >&2; fi; This little code snippet troubles me a lot when I tried to run it on both Ubuntu and Cygwin. Ubuntu runs bash version 4.0+ whereas Cygwin runs 3.2.49; But I reckon version collision shall not be the cause of this, this code runs well under fedora 10 which is also using bash version 3.+ So basically I am wondering if there is a way to code my script once and for all so there are not to have this awful issue later on. Many thanks in advance.

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• BASH Install Of Wordpress, Without Visiting wp-admin/install.php

  - by user916825

  I wrote this little BASH script that creates a folder,unzips Wordpress and creates a database for a site. The final step is actually installing Wordpress, which usually involves pointing your browser to install.php and filling out a form in the GUI. I want to do this from the BASH shell, but can't figure out how to invoke wp_install() and pass it the parameters it needs: -admin_email -admin_password -weblog_title -user_name (line 85 in install.php) Here's a similar question, but in python #!/bin/bash #ask for the site name echo "Site Name:" read name # make site directory under splogs mkdir /var/www/splogs/$name dirname="/var/www/splogs/$name" #import wordpress from dropbox cp -r ~/Dropbox/Web/Resources/Wordpress/Core $dirname cd $dirname #unwrap the double wrap mv Core/* ./ rm -r Core mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php sed -i 's/database_name_here/'$name'/g' ./wp-config.php sed -i 's/username_here/root/g' ./wp-config.php sed -i 's/password_here/mypassword/g' ./wp-config.php cp -r ~/Dropbox/Web/Resources/Wordpress/Themes/responsive $dirname/wp-content/t$ cd $dirname CMD="create database $name" mysql -uroot -pmypass -e "$CMD" How do I alter the script to automatically run the installer without the need to open a browser?

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• Bash: Check if file was modified since used in script

  - by Thomas Münz

  I need to check in a script if a file was modified since I read it (another application can modify it in between). According to bash manual there is a "-N" test which should report if a file was modified since last read. I tried it in a small script but it seems like it doesn't work. #!/bin/bash file="test.txt" echo "test" > $file cat $file; if [ -N $file ]; then echo "modified since read"; else echo "not modified since read"; fi I also tried an alternative way by touching another file and using if [ "file1" -nt "file2 ]; but this works only on a seconds accuracy which may under rare conditions not be sufficient. Is there any other bash-inbuilt solution for this problem or I do really need to use diff or md5sum?

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• How to log messages to a log file in a specific path from a bash script

  - by Erik

  How do you log messages to a log file in a specific path from a bash script? A naive implementation would be commands like: echo My message >>/my/custom/path/to/my_script.log But this probably has many disadvantages (no log rotation for example). I could use the 'logger' command, but it does not support logs in custom paths as far as I know and is not easy to configure if you have lots of bash scripts that could use a custom log file. In a scripting language like Ruby all this is quite easy: https://github.com/rudionrails/yell/wiki/101-the-datefile-adapter I could also make my own logger command based on this ruby library and call it from my bash scripts, but I guess there is already a well known solution that provides similar behavior for shell scripts?

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• Perl standard input with argument inside Bash

  - by neversaint

  I want to have such pipe in bash #! /usr/bin/bash cut -f1,2 file1.txt | myperl.pl foo | sort -u Now in myperl.pl it has content like this my $argv = $ARG[0] || "foo"; while (<>) { chomp; if ($argv eq "foo") { # do something with $_ } else { # do another } } But why the Perl script can't recognize the parameter passed through bash? Namely the code break with this message: Can't open foo: No such file or directory at myperl.pl line 15. What the right way to do it so that my Perl script can receive standard input and parameter at the same time?

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• How can I have it to where "git push" pushes to local repositories?

  - by ForeverConfused

  I can do "git remote add origin x@x:~/blah" and "git push" will work. But if I create a local copy "git clone ~/blah" inside /var -- then "git remote add local /var/blah" inside ~/blah, when I try "git push" it doesn't push the updates. How can I make git push updates to local copies? I have a shared library I use in a bunch of projects. I use "git clone" inside other folders to get a local copy of the library. When I update the main library I have to go to each local copy and type "git pull" to get the updates? How can I say "git push" to push code to all libraries?

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• What is an effective git process for managing our central code library?

  - by Mathew Byrne

  Quick background: we're a small web agency (3-6 developers at any one time) developing small to medium sized Symfony 1.4 sites. We've used git for a year now, but most of our developers have preferred Subversion and aren't used to a distributed model. For the past 6 months we've put a lot of development time into a central Symfony plugin that powers our custom CMS. This plugin includes a number of features, helpers, base classes etc. that we use to build custom functionality. This plugin is stored in git, but branches wildly as the plugin is used in various products and is pulled from/pushed to constantly. The repository is usually used as a submodule within a major project. The problems we're starting to see now are a large number of Merge conflicts and backwards incompatible changes brought into the repository by developers adding custom functionality in the context of their own project. I've read Vincent Driessen's excellent git branching model and successfully used it for projects in the past, but it doesn't seem to quite apply well to our particular situation; we have a number of projects concurrently using the same core plugin while developing new features for it. What we need is a strategy that provides the following: A methodology for developing major features within the code repository. A way of migrating those features into other projects. A way of versioning the core repository, and of tracking which version each major project uses. A plan for migrating bug fixes back to older versions. A cleaner history that's easier to see where changes have come from. Any suggestions or discussion would be greatly appreciated.

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• Using git through cygwin on windows 8

  - by 9point6

  I've got a windows 8 dev preview (not sure if it's relevant, but I never had this hassle on w7) machine and I'm trying to clone a git repo from github. The problem is that my ~/.ssh/id_rsa has 440 permissions and it needs to be 400. I've tried chmodding it but the any changes on the user permissions gets reflected in the group permissions (i.e. chmod 600 results in 660, etc). This appears to be constant throughout any file in the whole filesystem. I've tried messing with the ACLs but to no avail (full control on my user and deny everyone resulted in 000) here's a few outputs to help: $ git clone [removed] Cloning into [removed]... @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Permissions 0660 for '/home/john/.ssh/id_rsa' are too open. It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others. This private key will be ignored. bad permissions: ignore key: /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa Permission denied (publickey). fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly $ ll ~/.ssh total 6 -r--r----- 1 john None 1675 Nov 30 19:15 id_rsa -rw-rw---- 1 john None 411 Nov 30 19:15 id_rsa.pub -rw-rw-r-- 1 john None 407 Nov 30 18:43 known_hosts $ chmod -v 400 ~/.ssh/id_rsa mode of `/home/john/.ssh/id_rsa' changed from 0440 (r--r-----) to 0400 (r--------) $ ll ~/.ssh total 6 -r--r----- 1 john None 1675 Nov 30 19:15 id_rsa -rw-rw---- 1 john None 411 Nov 30 19:15 id_rsa.pub -rw-rw-r-- 1 john None 407 Nov 30 18:43 known_hosts $ set | grep CYGWIN CYGWIN='sbmntsec ntsec server ntea' I realize I could use msysgit or something, but I'd prefer to be able to do everything from a single terminal Edit: Msysgit doesn't work either for the same reasons

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• How to set up multi users on dev server with git and github

  - by Derek Organ

  I'm working on lamp application. We have 2 servers (Debian) Live and Dev. I constantly work on dev main to add new features and fix bugs. When happy all works well I scp the relevant code to the Live system. Database (mysql) is local to each machine. Now this is pretty basic setup really and I want to improve the workflow a bit. I use git and github for version control. Admittedly I've only really used one branch. Their can be 3 different developers who work on the code at different times. We all use the same linux username to connect to the dev server and edit the code directly when needed. I usually then commit and push the code at the end of the day to github. One thing to bare in mind is it isn't easy to run this code on a local machine as there are many apache and subdomain configurations that wouldn't work on a local machine so it is important to work on the dev server not locally. I need to create a new process because we need to have a main trunk now and a branch with a big code re-write. What is the best way to do this. Should I create different unix logins for each developer and set up different working areas on the dev server for there changes? e.g. /var/www/mysite_derek /var/www/mysite_paul /var/www/mysite_mike my thinking is they can do a pull from the main branch and then create there own branch and merge it back in. I'm not sure how this will work though with git locally and with github. will i need to create different github user accounts as well. I'd like to do this the 'right' way and future proof for having lots of potential developers but I also don't want to over complicate it. I simple and elegant solution is preferred. any recommendations or suggestions?

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• May I define aliases elsewhere than into .bashrc ?

  - by Luc M

  We are several persons using the same login id on Linux Box. I want to define my own aliases without interfering with anyone. In the .bashrc, I define a alias to my bash file defining my own aliases. alias luc=/full/path/to/my/def_alias_luc.sh The file /full/path/to/my/def_alias_luc.sh contains #!/bin/bash echo "" echo "Defining Luc's aliases" echo "" echo "" echo "aliases before..." echo "" alias alias vimluc="vim -u /full/path/to/my/.vimrc " echo "" echo "aliases after" echo "" alias After executing /full/path/to/my/def_alias_luc.sh, the alias is still undefined. What do I miss ?

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• Bash: Reset and Clear Commands

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have been using the command: reset to clear my terminal. Although I am pretty sure this is not what I should be doing. Reset, as the name suggests resets your entire terminal (changes lots of stuff). Here is what I want: I basically want to use the command clear. However if you clear and then scroll up you still get tonnes of stuff from before. In general this is not a problem however I am looking at gross logs that are long and I want to make sure that I am just viewing the most recent one. I know that I could use more or something like that but I prefer this approach.

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• sequential SSH command execution not working in Ubuntu/Bash

  - by kumar

  My requirement is I will have a set of commands that needs to be executed in a text file. My Shell script has to read each command, execute and store the results in a separate file. Here is the snippet which does the above requirement. while read command do echo 'Command :' $command >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" redirect_pos=`expr index "$command" '>>'` if [ `expr index "$command" '>>'` != 0 ];then redirect_fn "$redirect_pos" "$command"; else $command state=$? if [ $state != 0 ];then echo "command failed." >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" else echo "executed successfully." >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" fi fi echo >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" done < "$INPUT_FILE" Sample Commands.txt will be like this ... tar -rvf /var/tmp/logs.tar -C /var/tmp/ Commands_log.txt gzip /var/tmp/logs.tar rm -f /var/tmp/list.txt This is working fine for commands which needs to be executed in local machine. But When I am trying to execute the following ssh commands only the 1st command getting executed. Here are the some of the ssh commands added in my text file. ssh uname@hostname1 tar -rvf /var/tmp/logs.tar -C /var/tmp/ Commands_log.txt ssh uname@hostname2 gzip /var/tmp/logs.tar ssh .. etc When I am executing this in cli it is working fine. Could anybody help me in this?

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• test filenames for regex patterns in bash

  - by rk

  I'm not sure exactly how the code should be written but I want to test a file/folder for naming patterns, something like: if [ -d $i ] && [ regex([0-9].,$i) { do something } I want it to check if the file/folder is a directory and that the name of it is a number (i.e. 1 or 101 or 10007)...

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• Bash: Read lines in a file scenario with sed or awk

  - by user105566

  I have this scenarios: File Content: 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.4 I want sed or awk so that when i cat the file every time new line is returned. like First iteration: cat ip | some magic 10.1.1.1 Second iteration returns 10.1.1.2 Third iteration returns 10.1.1.3 Fourth iteration returns 10.1.1.4 and after n number of iterations, it returns to line 1 Fifth iteration returns: 10.1.1.1 Can we do it using sed or awk.

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• calling a different python interpreter from bash command line

  - by Dennis Daniels

  I have python 2.7 installed [user@localhost google_appengine]$ python Python 2.7 (r27:82500, Sep 16 2010, 18:03:06) [GCC 4.5.1 20100907 (Red Hat 4.5.1-3)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. I want to use the python 2.5.2 that is in this directory [user@localhost Downloads]$ ls |grep "Python-2*" Python-2.5.2 Python-2.5.2.tgz to run a python script in Khan Academy platform against a google app engine application sudo python sample_data.py -a ~/workspace/GAE/google_appengine/appcfg.py upload Currently, when running the last script 2.7 python complains a lot (Google App Engine runs on 2.5.2 mostly and 2.6 almost) I would like to do something like sudo python env set ~/Downloads/Python-2.5.2 sample_data.py -a ~/workspace/GAE/google_appengine/appcfg.py upload Is this possible? If yes, please point the way. If not, please suggest a way to call python2.5.2 WITHOUT having to uninstall python 2.7 many many thanks Dennis

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• Bash: Reset and Clear Commands

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have been using the command: reset to clear my terminal. Although I am pretty sure this is not what I should be doing. Reset, as the name suggests resets your entire terminal (changes lots of stuff). Here is what I want: I basically want to use the command clear. However if you clear and then scowl up you still get tones of stuff from before. In general this is not a problem however I am looking at gross logs that are long and I want to make sure that I am just viewing the most recent one. I know that I could use more or something like that but I prefer this approach.

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• osx bash grep - finding search terms in a large file with one single line

  - by unsynchronized

  Is there simple unix command line i can enter which lets me isolate say 512 bytes either side of a search term, even if there is only one "line" in a very large text file? Ok, this should be easy. Famous last words. I'm not that familiar with grep, but it seems it is mainly used to filter out lines in the input that contain search terms. I have a very large json file that I downloaded that i want to search for a particular term. before you click the link - it's over 244MB so be warned - it is from the internet wayback machine and contains lists of zip files of archived photos. i am trying to find mine. Their web interface is broken, so i found the json file that they make public here - it's the last one on the list. when i grep looking for my username, it finds it, but proceeds to dump that line to the console. the problem is that line is 244MB long, and it's the only line in the file. i tried using less, but could not get that to do much - it's very slow, and seems to have the same issue. is there simple unix command line i can enter which lets me isolate say 512 bytes either side of a search term?

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• watch with bash colors preserved

  - by Pawel Goscicki

  From man watch: Non-printing characters are stripped from program output. Use "cat -v" as part of the command pipeline if you want to see them. So how do I use cat -v if I want to see the colored output from: watch ls -al --color

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• Getting "-bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable" in OSX

  - by Joseph Tura

  I seem to run into problems with the max. number of processes every so often. Anyone know what is best practice for fixing this? Running OSX 10.6 on a MacBook Pro i7. ulimit -a returns these values: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited file size (blocks, -f) unlimited max locked memory (kbytes, -l) unlimited max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 256 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 1 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 266 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited When the error occurred I checked, and there were 102 running tasks and 523 threads.

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