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• High CPU usage in my digitalocean droplet

  - by Ibrahim Azhar Armar

  I am experiencing high CPU usage here is the stats i got from server, the consumption after every restart in 15 minutes go upto 100%, what could go wrong? I have a wordpress copy installed on the server which does not have much traffic, here is the stats that i got from using top command in server. top - 11:46:02 up 12 min, 3 users, load average: 40.89, 16.03, 6.11 Tasks: 132 total, 41 running, 91 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 24.3%us, 61.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 4.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 10.2%st Mem: 2050896k total, 1988656k used, 62240k free, 284k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 4712k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 31 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 39 0.0 1:35.53 kswapd0 899 root 20 0 15988 172 0 S 14 0.0 0:05.00 irqbalance 418 syslog 20 0 243m 600 0 S 13 0.0 0:06.85 rsyslogd 944 mysql 20 0 1320m 53m 0 S 12 2.7 0:21.15 mysqld 2357 root 20 0 17344 532 164 R 11 0.0 0:14.27 top 960 root 20 0 246m 3816 0 S 3 0.2 0:08.18 php5-fpm 2431 www-data 20 0 344m 64m 908 R 2 3.2 0:04.23 apache2 2435 www-data 20 0 304m 63m 836 R 2 3.2 0:03.43 apache2 2413 www-data 20 0 349m 63m 920 R 2 3.2 0:07.51 apache2 2465 www-data 20 0 349m 64m 944 R 2 3.2 0:05.04 apache2 2518 www-data 20 0 307m 41m 1204 R 2 2.1 0:01.37 apache2 2406 www-data 20 0 346m 56m 1144 R 2 2.8 0:03.76 apache2 2456 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 1184 R 2 2.8 0:02.67 apache2 2373 www-data 20 0 351m 63m 784 R 2 3.2 0:11.09 apache2 2439 www-data 20 0 306m 35m 916 R 2 1.8 0:02.51 apache2 2450 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 1088 R 2 2.8 0:02.96 apache2 2486 www-data 20 0 299m 10m 876 R 2 0.5 0:01.19 apache2 2523 www-data 20 0 300m 27m 796 R 2 1.4 0:00.99 apache2

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• Extremely high mysqld CPU usage with no active queries

  - by RadarNyan

  I have a VPS running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with LEMP stack, followed the guide from Linode Library (since I'm using a Linode) to setup, and everything worked fine until now. I don't know what's wrong, but my CPU usage just goes up since a week ago. Today things getting really bad - I got 74% CPU usage so I went check and found that mysqld taking too much CPU usage (somewhere around 30% ~ 80%) So I did some Google Search, tried disable InnoDB, restart mysql, reset ntp / system clock (Isn't this bug supposed to happen more than a year ago?!) and reboot my VPS, nothing helped. Even with mysql processlist empty, I still get mysqld CPU usage very high. I don't know what I missed and have totally no idea, any advice would be appreciated. Thanks in advance. Update: I got these from running "strace mysqld" write(2, "InnoDB: Unable to lock ./ibdata1"..., 44) = 44 write(2, "InnoDB: Check that you do not al"..., 115) = 115 select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, {1, 0}^[[A^[[A) = 0 (Timeout) fcntl64(3, F_SETLK64, {type=F_WRLCK, whence=SEEK_SET, start=0, len=0}, 0xbfa496f8) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) hum... I did tried to disable InnoDB and it didn't fix this problem. Any idea? Update2: # ps -e | grep mysqld 13099 ? 00:00:20 mysqld then use "strace -p 13099", the following lines appears repeatedly: fcntl64(12, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(12, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 accept(12, {sa_family=AF_FILE, NULL}, [2]) = 14 fcntl64(12, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0 getsockname(14, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"}, [30]) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_SETFL, O_RDONLY) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, "\36\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, "<\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_IP, IP_TOS, [8], 4) = -1 EOPNOTSUPP (Operation not supported) futex(0xb786a584, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0xb786a580, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1 futex(0xb7869998, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1 poll([{fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=12, events=POLLIN}], 2, -1) = 1 ([{fd=12, revents=POLLIN}]) er... now I totally don't get it x_x help

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• Archive Manager, SQL 2005 and MaxTokenSize high CPU

  - by Tim Alexander

  So, I posted this question a few days ago: Impact of increasing the MaxTokenSize for Kerberos Tickets Since then the thought was to test our settings on two member servers, one with IIS and one without. I setup two GPOs to configure the MaxTokenSize reg setting to 48000 and MaxFieldLength/MaxRequestBytes to 64200 (based on MS KB2020943, these are set at 4/3 * T + 200). The member server seemed to work ok (a devalued tape backup server). The IIS server however has had some strange repercussions. The IIS Sserver host Quest Software Archive Manager (AM) 4.5 that communicates with SQL Server 2005 Enterprise on Server 2003 R2. After the changes all looked good until the SQL Server hit 100% CPU. I have removed the GPOS, removed the reg values and even replaced them with defaults (12000 for token size and can't remember the other one but was in a blog post about the issue in my other post). No change. Bouncing the IIS Server stops the high CPU and a colleague has looked at the SQL server and it is definitely the AM connection taking up the time/work on the SQL server. I haven't changed the reg values on the SQL server or the DCs but am reluctant to do so without understanding why this has happened. I am guessing its to do with the overriding auth and group issue we have but I am not seeing Kerberos errors in either event log. Has anyone seen something similar or does anyone have some tips? Was definitely blindsided by the Kerberos issue and am swimming against the tide to keep things functioning.

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• Unexpected(?) high 'wasted' memory in memcached

  - by Nanne

  Looking at our memcached stats I think I have found an issue I was not aware of before. It seems that we have a strangely high amount of wasted space. I checked with phpmemcacheadmin for a change, and found this image staring at me: Now I was under the impression that the worst-case scenario would be that there is 50% waste, although I am the first to admit not knowing all the details. I have read - amongst others- this page which is indeed somewhat old, but so is our version of memcached. I think I do understand how the system works (e.g.) I believe, but I have a hard time understanding how we could get to 76% wasted space. The eviction rate that phpmemcacheadmin shows is 2 ev/s, so there is some problem here. The primary question is: what can I do to fix this. I could throw more memory at it (there is some extra available I think), maybe I should fiddle with the slab config (is that even possible with this version?), maybe there are other options? Upgrading the memcached version is not a quickly available option. The secondairy question, out of curiosity, is of course if the rate of 75% (and rising) wasted space is expected, and if so, why. System: This is currently not something I can do anything about, I know the memcached version isn't the newest, but these are the cards I've been dealt. Memcached 1.4.5 Apache 2.2.17 PHP 5.3.5

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• wireless router - configuring for low-latency, high traffic environment

  - by Mark C

  Hey all, I have a few questions about configuring a router to achieve low-latency, high speed throughput on a local area network that is not connected to the internet. I've read up on some stuff, but thought I would solicit some opinions here on what I've found and what I want to know.... Turn off SSID broadcast - it produces extraneous packets that all clients receive and reply (?) to. Not a huge deal, but it may help a bit. Mixed-mode off - I should attempt to have all devices using the same standard (e.g. 802.11n) and turn mixed-mode off. Any thoughts on security? Does having WEP or any of the WPA variants actually increase latency? Nothing super secure is going over this LAN so if turning security off made things better, that'd be cool. Any other thoughts or things to focus on to create the low latency environment I'm trying to go for would be great. Links to webpages and papers are also cool. I'm open to go through a bunch of stuff. Thanks in advance!

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• Netgear CG3000D new Modem/Router - Random High Ping

  - by justin.chmura

  Cox just recently came out and looked at my internet and decided that the modem I had was causing high latency issue. The speed was fine but the ping would spike to around 100 and over when gaming or putting a load more than browsing on the line. After they replaced it, it seems like I get better latency, but when it spikes, I get upwards of over 300 ping with like 500 jitter. I figured I would hit the serverfault universe before sending another email to Cox. I opted not to do the Cox setup as it was an extra $20 which I thought would have just setup the wireless (which I can handle). Is it a setting or something that I missed that needs to be setup? The firmware for the CG3000D is awful and not fun to use. I did change some hidden settings on the RgServices.asp page (I'll attach a screenshot). I've also heard that the Router/Modem combos are awful and that I should go back and just ask for a modem stand-alone. Any input is helpful. All screenshots: http://imgur.com/a/JX6qu#0

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• High data on recv-q buffer and thread lock on java.io.BufferedInputStream in linux

  - by Sagar Patel

  We have a java application running on linux (ubuntu server). We have been facing high recv-q problem since quite some time. Application gets hang and does not read data from socket every few hours. In thread dump, we have found below stack trace. "Receiver-146" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00007fb3fc010000 nid=0x7642 runnable [0x00007fb5906c5000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE at java.net.SocketInputStream. socketRead0(Native Method) at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:150) at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:121) at java.io.BufferedInputStream.fill(BufferedInputStream.java:235) at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read1(BufferedInputStream.java:275) at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java:334) - locked <0x00000007688f1ff0> (a java.io.BufferedInputStream) at org.smpp.TCPIPConnection.receive(TCPIPConnection.java:413) at org.smpp.ReceiverBase.receivePDUFromConnection(ReceiverBase.java:197) at org.smpp.Receiver.receiveAsync(Receiver.java:351) at org.smpp.ReceiverBase.process(ReceiverBase.java:96) at org.smpp.util.ProcessingThread.run(ProcessingThread.java:199) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) We are not able to trace the exact reason behind this? Kindly help. We are using 16 core machine and load on the system is around 30-40 at the time of issue. We use command ss dst <ip> to find out recv-q. Recently we have been facing issues with recv-q size getting hung, were in receive buffer gets stuck at some point of time. But recvQ size is not decreasing and as a result we are losing a lot of hits from the other side, our application is not accepting any data.

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• Mysql server high trafic makes websites really slow or unable to load

  - by Holapress

  Lately we have been having a lot of problems with our mysql server, from websites being really slow or even unable to load them at all. The server is a dedicated server that only runs our mysql database. i have been running some test using a profiler (JetProfiler) and tool to stress test (loadUI). If I use loadUI to connect with 50 simultaneous connections to one of our websites that runs a resently big query it will already make the website be unable to load. One of the things that makes me worried is that when I look at Jetprofile it always shows a Treads_connected of 1.00 and it seems that when it hits around 2.00 that I'm unable to connect. The 3 big peaks are when I run a test with loadUI, first one was 15 simultaneous connections wich made it still able for me to load the website but just really slow, the second one was 40 simultaneous connections which already made it impossible to load and the third one was with 100 connection which also didn't make it load anymore. Another thing that worries me is that in JetProfiler it says all the queries that get used are full table scans, could this maybe be the problem? The website I run as a test runs 3 queries, one for a menu that outputs around 1000 rows, one for the adds that has around 560 rows and a big one to get posts that has around 7000 rows (see screenshot bellow) I also have monitored the cpu of the server and there seems to be no problem there, even when I make a lot of connections with loadui the cpu stays low. I can't seem to figure out what is the main cause of the websites being unable to load when there is a high amount of traffic, if anyone has other suggestions for testing or something that might cause the problem please let me know.

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• Linux 2.6.24-gentoo-r3-comtrance on x86_64 high Useage for unknown reasons

  - by Dorjan

  Hello everyone, I'm a complete rookie when it comes to all things Linux related so please treat me as such and assume I know nothing. That being said my Top says this: top - 12:08:03 up 11 days, 15:36, 0 users, load average: 5.47, 5.53, 5.46 Tasks: 296 total, 2 running, 294 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.3%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 71.3%id, 20.6%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8176880k total, 8118236k used, 58644k free, 89312k buffers Swap: 1004052k total, 0k used, 1004052k free, 7235652k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1229 root 15 -5 0 0 0 D 1 0.0 199:28.63 kjournald 2946 root 20 0 1716 676 552 D 1 0.0 145:02.94 syslogd 14553 root 20 0 2644 1268 876 R 1 0.0 0:00.34 top 14609 postfix 20 0 7896 1884 1460 D 1 0.0 0:00.02 bounce 14630 postfix 20 0 7896 1876 1452 R 0 0.0 0:00.00 bounce And my hard drives says: > df -k Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 4925556 4474836 200508 96% / /dev/sda5 489992 36090 428602 8% /tmp /dev/sda6 377951852 236171160 122581816 66% /var none 4088440 0 4088440 0% /dev/shm It has been like it for a few days now... I know not what is causing the high server load (Normally around 1.3) can anyone give any tips on how to track down the culprit? Many thanks,

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• Developing high-performance and scalable zend framework website

  - by Daniel

  We are going to develop an ads website like http://www.gumtree.com/ (it will not be like this one but just to give you an ideea) and we are having some issues regarding performance and scalability. We are planning on using Zend Framework for this project but this is all that I'm sure off at this point. I don't think a classic approch like Zend Framework (PHP) + MySQL + Memcache + jQuery (and I would throw Doctrine 2 in there to) will fix result in a high-performance application. I was thinking on making this a RESTful application (with Zend Framework) + NGINX (or maybe MongoDB) + Memcache (or eAccelerator -- I understand this will create problems with scalability on multiple servers) + jQuery, a CDN for static content, a server for images and a scalable server for the requests and the rest. My questions are: - What do you think about my approch? - What solutions would you recommand in terms of servers approch (MySQL, NGINX, MongoDB or pgsql) for a scalable application expected to have a lot of traffic using PHP?...I would be interested in your approch. Note: I'm a Zend Framework developer and don't have to much experience with the servers part (to determin what would be best solution for my scalable application)

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• MySQL Extremely High Disk Activity (Read Operations)

  - by Jake Schoermer

  I have 1GB Linode VPS with a standard LAMP stack. Apache is tuned fine but for some reason MySQL's disk usage is high. This is causing really slow site load times. RAM and CPU usage are fine. Can anyone give me any pointers on tuning mysql's disk performance? I'm using InnoDB. iotop output is below. Total DISK READ: 38.50 M/s | Total DISK WRITE: 27.20 K/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ> DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 9808 be/4 mysql 22.40 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 63.75 % mysqld 10045 be/4 mysql 2.06 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 26.65 % mysqld 9987 be/4 mysql 1694.38 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 18.33 % mysqld 10015 be/4 mysql 1554.47 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 12.71 % mysqld 10019 be/4 mysql 1461.21 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.58 % mysqld 9839 be/4 mysql 1383.48 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 25.69 % mysqld 10031 be/4 mysql 1243.58 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.68 % mysqld 10023 be/4 mysql 1057.04 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 2.02 % mysqld 10020 be/4 mysql 1025.95 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 7.05 % mysqld 10001 be/4 mysql 808.33 K/s 683.97 K/s 0.00 % 1.16 % mysqld 10025 be/4 mysql 746.15 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.28 % mysqld 10043 be/4 mysql 715.06 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.48 % mysqld 10044 be/4 mysql 672.31 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.25 % mysqld 10034 be/4 mysql 668.42 K/s 1989.73 K/s 0.00 % 5.31 % mysqld 9985 be/4 mysql 450.80 K/s 124.36 K/s 0.00 % 8.83 % mysqld 9989 be/4 mysql 357.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.21 % mysqld 10033 be/4 mysql 186.54 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 1.59 % mysqld 10021 be/4 mysql 155.45 K/s 435.25 K/s 0.00 % 1.23 % mysqld 10007 be/4 mysql 124.36 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.53 % mysqld 9763 be/4 www-data 38.86 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 4.56 % apache2 -k start 10027 be/4 mysql 31.09 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 4.24 % mysqld 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init 2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd] 3 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0] 4 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0] 5 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u:0] 6 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/0] 7 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/1]

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• HIGH CPU USAGE + low memory usage

  - by hadi

  as you can see in below , there are high cpu usage by httpd request. please help me to decrease them. thanks. 28577 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3488 S 21 0.2 1:13.67 httpd 28568 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3496 S 19 0.2 1:14.92 httpd 28608 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3428 R 19 0.2 0:28.28 httpd 28615 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3436 R 19 0.2 0:25.33 httpd 28616 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3440 S 19 0.2 0:25.83 httpd 28619 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3436 R 19 0.2 0:26.12 httpd 28635 apache 15 0 97.9m 54m 3416 S 19 0.2 0:24.86 httpd 28558 apache 15 0 97.9m 54m 3432 R 17 0.2 1:40.75 httpd 28560 apache 15 0 97.9m 54m 3496 R 17 0.2 1:40.02 httpd 28621 apache 15 0 97.9m 54m 3420 S 17 0.2 0:25.61 httpd 28641 apache 16 0 97.9m 54m 3428 R 17 0.2 0:21.52 httpd 28642 apache 15 0 99756 53m 3424 R 15 0.2 0:21.46 httpd 28643 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3424 S 15 0.2 0:21.59 httpd 28594 apache 15 0 99756 53m 3428 R 13 0.2 0:44.41 httpd 28618 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3420 S 13 0.2 0:26.15 httpd 28654 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3472 S 13 0.2 0:04.27 httpd 28575 apache 15 0 99756 53m 3436 R 11 0.2 1:14.02 httpd 28576 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3496 S 11 0.2 1:16.79 httpd 28634 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3436 S 11 0.2 0:25.36 httpd 28653 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3424 S 11 0.2 0:04.35 httpd 28574 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3440 S 10 0.2 1:13.05 httpd 28592 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3492 R 10 0.2 0:45.78 httpd 28595 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3432 R 10 0.2 0:47.02 httpd 28617 apache 16 0 99676 53m 3436 S 10 0.2 0:25.32 httpd 28620 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3432 S 10 0.2 0:25.35 httpd 28597 apache 15 0 99676 53m 3428 S 8 0.2 0:43.56 httpd 11345 mysql 15 0 2927m 198m 4472 R 4 0.6 1624:43 mysqld 1 root 15 0 2036 648 552 S 0 0.0 0:16.97 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:48.50 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:26.72 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:04.98 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 R 0 0.0 0:27.51 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:15.42 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:26.50 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2

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• Romanian parter Omnilogic Delivers “No Limits” Scalability, Performance, Security, and Affordability through Next-Generation, Enterprise-Grade Engineered Systems

  - by swalker

  Omnilogic SRL is a leading technology and information systems provider in Romania and central and Eastern Europe. An Oracle Value-Added Distributor Partner, Omnilogic resells Oracle software, hardware, and engineered systems to Oracle Partner Network members and provides specialized training, support, and testing facilities. Independent software vendors (ISVs) also use Omnilogic’s demonstration and testing facilities to upgrade the performance and efficiency of their solutions and those of their customers by migrating them from competitor technologies to Oracle platforms. Omnilogic also has a dedicated offering for ISV solutions, based on Oracle technology in a hosting service provider model. Omnilogic wanted to help Oracle Partners and ISVs migrate solutions to Oracle Exadata and sell Oracle Exadata to end-customers. It installed Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-2 Quarter Rack at its data center to create a demonstration and testing environment. Demonstrations proved that Oracle Exadata achieved processing speeds up to 100 times faster than competitor systems, cut typical back-up times from 6 hours to 20 minutes, and stored 10 times more data. Oracle Partners and ISVs learned that migrating solutions to Oracle Exadata’s preconfigured, pre-integrated hardware and software can be completed rapidly, at low cost, without business disruption, and with reduced ongoing operating costs. Challenges A word from Omnilogic “Oracle Exadata is the new killer application—the smartest solution on the market. There is no competition.” – Sorin Dragomir, Chief Operating Officer, Omnilogic SRL Enable Oracle Partners in Romania and central and eastern Europe to achieve Oracle Exadata Ready status by providing facilities to test and optimize existing applications and build real-life proofs of concept (POCs) for new solutions on Oracle Exadata Database Machine Provide technical support and demonstration facilities for ISVs migrating their customers’ solutions from competitor technologies to Oracle Exadata to maximize performance, scalability, and security; optimize hardware and datacenter space; cut maintenance costs; and improve return on investment Demonstrate power of Oracle Exadata’s high-performance, high-capacity engineered systems for customer-facing businesses, such as government organizations, telecommunications, banking and insurance, and utility companies, which typically require continuous availability to support very large data volumes Showcase Oracle Exadata’s unchallenged online transaction processing (OLTP) capabilities that cut application run times to provide unrivalled query turnaround and user response speeds while significantly reducing back-up times and eliminating risk of unplanned outages Capitalize on providing a world-class training and demonstration environment for Oracle Exadata to accelerate sales with Oracle Partners Solutions Created a testing environment to enable Oracle Partners and ISVs to test their own solutions and those of their customers on Oracle Exadata running on Oracle Enterprise Linux or Oracle Solaris Express to benchmark performance prior to migration Leveraged expertise on Oracle Exadata to offer Oracle Exadata training, migration, support seminars and to showcase live demonstrations for Oracle Partners Proved how Oracle Exadata’s pre-engineered systems, that come assembled, configured, and ready to run, reduce deployment time and cost, minimize risk, and help customers achieve the full performance potential immediately after go live Increased processing speeds 10-fold and with zero data loss for a telecommunications provider’s client-facing customer relationship management solution Achieved performance improvements of between 6 and 100 times faster for financial and utility company applications currently running on IBM, Microsoft, or SAP HANA platforms Showed how daily closure procedures carried out overnight by banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions to analyze each day’s business, can typically be cut from around six hours to 20 minutes, some 18 times faster, when running on Oracle Exadata Simulated concurrent back-ups while running applications under normal working conditions to prove that Oracle Exadata-based solutions can be backed up during business hours without causing bottlenecks or impacting the end-user experience Demonstrated that Oracle Exadata’s built-in analytics, data mining and OLTP capabilities make it the highest-performance, lowest-cost choice for large data warehousing operations Showed how Oracle Exadata’s columnar compression and intelligent storage architecture allows 10 times more data to be stored than on competitor platforms Demonstrated how Oracle Exadata cuts hardware requirements significantly by consolidating workloads on to fewer servers which delivers greater power efficiency and lower operating costs that competing systems from IBM and other manufacturers Proved to ISVs that migrating solutions to Oracle Exadata’s preconfigured, pre-integrated hardware and software can be completed rapidly, at low cost, and with minimal business disruption Demonstrated how storage servers, database servers, and network switches can be added incrementally and inexpensively to the Oracle Exadata platform to support business expansion On track to grow revenues by 10% in year one and by 15% annually thereafter through increased business generated from Oracle Partners and ISVs

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• If spaces in filenames are possible, why do some of us still avoid using them?

  - by Chris W. Rea

  Somebody I know expressed irritation today regarding those of us who tend not to use spaces in our filenames, e.g. NamingThingsLikeThis.txt -- despite most modern operating systems supporting spaces in filenames. Non-technical people must look at filenames created by geeks and wonder where we learned English. So, what are the reasons that spaces in filenames are avoided or discouraged? The most obvious reason I could think of, and why I typically avoid it, are the extra quotes required on the command line when dealing with such files. Are there any other significant reasons, other than the practice being a vestigial preference? UPDATE: Thanks for all your answers! I'm surprised how popular this was. So, here's a summary: Six Reasons Why Geeks Prefer Filenames Without Spaces In Them It's irritating to put quotes around them when referenced on the command line (or elsewhere.) Some older operating systems didn't used to support them and us old dogs are used to that. Some tools still don't support spaces in filenames at all or very well. (But they should.) It's irritating to escape spaces when used where spaces must be escaped, such as URLs. Certain unenlightened services (e.g. file hosting, webmail) remove or replace spaces anyway! Names without spaces can be shorter, which is sometimes desirable as paths are limited.

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• Getting started with webserver clustering.

  - by Ernie

  I work for a small ISP, and we host about 250 domains and all the stuff that goes along with that: DNS, mail, spam filtering, and backups. Currently, we have separate DNS servers (two of them) and mail servers (outgoing mail is actually on the secondary DNS server, but was previously on its own server). In the past, this was done as an insurance measure. The last thing we need is for some doofus (usually yours truly) to hose a server, taking out DNS and mail right along with it, or for spammers to jam our incoming SMTP server, preventing outgoing mail from being sent too. In the past, this was a problem, and our servers were set up the way they are now to combat it. However, clustering solutions like Sun's Cobalt RAQ (in days of olde) and Virtualmin appear to cater to an all-in-one approach, then deal with failures through redundant servers. I have avoided this thus far, but we've been using Virtualmin on our web server for a while now, and I'd like to expand into using it for a high availability cluster. Our networking partner has recently built a datacenter that has eliminated all of our other bugaboos like network, cooling, and power issues, so now the only thing left to go wrong is me hosing a server, which happened earlier this month. One of the bigger reasons we've avoided going this route is because our hardware requirements aren't particularly high. One server easily handles all the sites we host (most of them are flat sites). Also, load-balancing routers tend to be expensive and complicated. All that I'm really expecting to do is building a two-node cluster for redundancy so that when I hose a server (however rare that might be), we're not out for 8-12 hours while I rebuild it. What I need to know is how to get started, and if I'm really in a position to bother with this kind of thing at all.

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• Using UDF on a USB flash drive

  - by CesarB

  After failing to copy a file bigger than 4G to my 8G USB flash drive, I formatted it as ext3. While this is working fine for me so far, it will cause problems if I want to use it to copy files to someone which does not use Linux. I am thinking of formatting it as UDF instead, which I hope would allow it to be read (and possibly even written) on the three most popular operating systems (Windows, MacOS, and Linux), without having to install any extra drivers. However, from what I found on the web already, there seem to be several small gotchas related to which parameters are used to create the filesystem, which can reduce the compability (but most of the pages I found are about optical media, not USB flash drives). I would like to know: Which utility should I use to create the filesystem? (So far I have found mkudffs and genisoimage, and mkudffs seems the best option.) Which parameters should I use with the chosen utility for maximum compability? How compatible with the most common versions of these three operating systems UDF actually is? Is using UDF actually the best idea? Is there another filesystem which would have better compatibility, with no problematic restrictions like the FAT32 4G file size limit, and without having to install special drivers in every single computer which touches it?

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• Using UDF on a USB flash drive

  - by CesarB

  After failing to copy a file bigger than 4G to my 8G USB flash drive, I formatted it as ext3. While this is working fine for me so far, it will cause problems if I want to use it to copy files to someone which does not use Linux. I am thinking of formatting it as UDF instead, which I hope would allow it to be read (and possibly even written) on the three most popular operating systems (Windows, MacOS, and Linux), without having to install any extra drivers. However, from what I found on the web already, there seem to be several small gotchas related to which parameters are used to create the filesystem, which can reduce the compability (but most of the pages I found are about optical media, not USB flash drives). I would like to know: Which utility should I use to create the filesystem? (So far I have found mkudffs and genisoimage, and mkudffs seems the best option.) Which parameters should I use with the chosen utility for maximum compability? How compatible with the most common versions of these three operating systems UDF actually is? Is using UDF actually the best idea? Is there another filesystem which would have better compatibility, with no problematic restrictions like the FAT32 4G file size limit, and without having to install special drivers in every single computer which touches it?

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• One USB flash drive to rule them all

  - by Chris

  Yesterday I purchased a 32GB USB flash drive. I have a myrid of systems in my home, and would like to have one flash drive with setup files for all the various systems throughout the house. I kept the Fat 32 filesystem on the drive, as I figured that is probably the most universal. I then made the partition bootable using fdisk. I then copied the Windows 7 setup files to the drive. I then installed grub 2 (1.98) onto the drive using backtrack 5. I was then able to load the windows 7 setup / install from the flash drive on an older BIOS type motherboard. Now I would like to know how to get this to work on my MacBook Pro 8,2 with still retaining support for legacy computers. Is this possible, or is this just a pipe dream. I plan on getting OS X on the drive, gparted, and OS X86 on the drive when all is said and done. I've done various google searches but really haven't found a guide on how to setup a swiss army usb flash drive.

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• DNS failover in a two datacenter scenario

  - by wanson

  I'm trying to implement a low-cost solution for website high availability. I'm looking for the downsides of the following scenario: I have two servers with the same configuration, content, mysql replication (dual-master). They are in different datacenters - let's call them serverA and serverB. Users use serverA - serverB is more like a backup. Now, I want to use DNS failover, to switch users from serverA to serverB when serverA goes down. My idea is that I setup DNS servers (bind/powerdns) on serverA and serverB - let's call them ns1.website.com and ns2.website.com (assuming I own website.com). Then I configure my domain to use them as its nameservers. Both DNS servers will return serverA IP as my website's IP. If serverA goes down I can (either manually or automatically from serverB) change configuration of serverB's DNS, to return IP of serverB as website's IP. Of course the TTL will be low, as it's supposed to be in DNS failovers. I know that it may take some time to switch to serverB (DNS ttl, time to detect serverA failure, serverB DNS reconfiguration etc), and that some small part of users won't use serverB anyway. And I'm OK with that. But what are other downsides of such an approach? An alternative scenario is that ns1.website.com will return serverA IP as website's IP, and ns2.website.com will return serverB IP as website's IP. But AFAIK clients not always use primary nameserver and sometimes would use secondary one. So some small part of users would use serverB instead of serverA which is not quite what I'd like. Can you confirm that DNS clients behave like that and can you tell what percentage of clients would possibly use serverB instead of serverA (statistically)? This one also has the downside that when serverA goes back up, it will be automatically used as website's primary server, which is also a bad situation (cold cache, mysql replication could fail in the meantime etc). So I'm adding it only as a theoretical alternative. I was thinking about using some professional DNS failover companies but they charge for the number of DNS requests and the fees are very high (why?)

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• General name for Macs' operating system

  - by andy124

  First of all, I hope that my question is fairly suitable for this site. I have a website where I would like to write articles about some operating systems. Therefore, I have created a main category called "Operating systems". Within a subcategory, I would like to write articles about Apple's operating system that is running on Macs. However, I do not know what to name this category. I have always thought the name was just OS X, but come to think about it, the "X" is actually part of the version (10). Therefore I cannot exactly call my category OS X, because what about when OS 11 is released in a few years? And since Apple has gone from Mac OS X to just OS X, then I cannot use "Mac OS". And, if I remove the X from OS X, then I only have "OS" left, which does not seem so proper. I am really looking for a meaningful all-round name for the Macs' operating system that does not involve the versioning. I was thinking about just calling the category "Mac", but that is not precise either - but perhaps the closest I can get?

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• "iostat" command different in two equal machines

  - by Oz.

  We have several machines on Amazon (ec2) of the type c1.xlarge with 8 cpus, running the Amazon AMI. Details on the machine: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge One out of the several machines is showing a high load average, since we have run the last yum upgrade a couple of weeks a go. We did not yet update the other machines, and everything looks normal on them. The strange thing is that the top command not showing any hint for the cause of the load. CPUs are - 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st. Mem is about 1.5GB free. Any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? iostat command on the proper machine: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 8.97 0.03 4.46 0.19 0.14 86.23 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 1.60 0.69 55.38 587620 47254184 xvdfp2 2.64 1.10 61.04 934786 52091056 xvdfp4 0.86 0.19 41.72 163866 35601920 xvdfp1 4.37 36.59 73.89 31220810 63051504 xvdfp3 8.03 7.08 94.63 6045402 80749184 iostat command on problematic machine: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 9.29 0.04 5.55 0.26 0.11 84.74 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 2.13 3.34 68.85 246244 5077888 xvdfp1 7.60 74.31 104.88 5480362 7734840 xvdfp3 13.22 73.67 125.00 5433386 9218600 xvdfp4 1.11 0.76 65.08 55762 4799248 xvdfp2 4.16 3.31 99.17 243818 7313264 Many thanks for the help.

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• Difference between all servers in one cluster and more than one cluster with servers?

  - by silla

  Not sure I understand what´s the difference or how it works when servers a running in one cluster or if there are more than one clusters with servers in it - regard High availability & Load Balancing. For me they are somehow the same, there is not really a big difference. Let´s make a simple example: 2 Servers in 1 Cluster 2 Clusters with each 1 Server - 1. If one Server failure, the other one is able to continue the work. The same for Load Balancing, these two Servers are able to balance the work together. - 2. The same thing! If one Server failure... The only thing that could be a problem with point 1. is if the Cluster fails (then both of the Server are dead). But is this even possible? I was reading stuff about clustering and high availability but I think I do not get this really. Probably I did not really understand how a cluster is working. Are these 2 points with 1 Cluster and 2 Clusters somehow the same or are there really some big differences? What should I know about it? Thank you

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• Load Balance WCF and Share a Remote MSMQ for High Throughput

  - by BarDev

  After a ton of reading in books and on the web, I have noticed hints of information that WCF and MSMQ can be used in achieving high throughput. The information I have seen mentions using multiple WCF services in a farm that reads from a single MSMQ queue. The problem is that I have found paragraphs here and there that mentions that high throughput can be done, but I cannot seem to find a document of how to implement it. The following is an excerpt from a MSDN article. The following paragraph is from Best Practices for Queued Communication http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731093.aspx To achieve higher throughput and availability, use a farm of WCF services that read from the queue. This requires that all of these services expose the same contract on the same endpoint. The farm approach works best for applications that have high production rates of messages because it enables a number of services to all read from the same queue. This is what I'm trying to solve. I have an intranet application where a client sends a request to a WCF service. But I want the ability to load balance the WCF services on multiple servers in a farm. I also want these WCF services in the farm to do transactional reads from a remote MSMQ when an item is available in the Queue. If this is possible, an issue I have is that I do not understand the activation process of WCF to retrieve messages from a remote queue. If this is possible, does anyone know of any articles or Webcasts that would explain it in detail? BarDev

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• java distributed cache for low latency, high availability

  - by Shahbaz

  I've never used distributed caches/DHTs like memcached, jboss cache, ehcache, etc. I'm wondering which, if any, is appropriate for my use. First, I'm not doing web applications (as most of these project seem to be geared towards web apps). I write servers (Order Management Systems actually) for financial trading firms. The servers themselves are not too complicated. They need to receive information (market data, orders, executions, etc.) rout them to their destination while possibly transforming some of these messages. I am looking at these products to solve the following problems: * Safe repository of the state of the server. I'd rather build the logic of my application as a bunch of transformers (similar to Apache Camel) and store the state in a 'safe' place * This repository should be distributed: in case one of these data stores crashes, one or two more should be up and I should be able to switch to them seamlessly * This repository should be fast. Single digits milliseconds count here, in other words, systems which consume/process this data are automated systems, not humans clicking on links. This system needs to have high-throughput and low latency. By sending my data outside the process, I am necessarily slowing performance, but I am trying to balance absolute raw speed and absolute protection of data. * This repository should be safe. Similar to the point about several on-line backups, this system needs to write data to disk (potentially more than one disk). I'd really like to stop writing my own 'transaction servers.' Am I correct to be looking into projects such as jboss cache, ehcache, etc.? Thanks

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• High apache load but little traffic logged

  - by nrambeck

  I recently installed Varnish to sit in front of Apache on a dedicated server running a single site. It appears to be working well, but the load on Apache is still very high. What doesn't make sense is that the Apache access log shows almost no traffic getting past Varnish. When I tail the apache log I see about 1-3 hits per second come through. Here is what the load on Apache looks like : USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND apache 13834 8.1 1.0 107716 34164 ? S 08:24 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13835 8.1 1.0 107716 33856 ? S 08:24 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11483 7.9 0.9 105916 30788 ? S 08:23 0:06 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 12255 7.5 1.0 107476 33312 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 9340 7.2 1.1 107732 34916 ? R 08:23 0:09 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 12029 6.8 0.9 106908 30416 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11577 6.7 1.0 107192 34180 ? S 08:24 0:05 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11486 6.6 1.0 106176 33112 ? S 08:23 0:05 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11796 6.4 1.0 106936 31916 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13815 6.3 1.0 107988 34464 ? S 08:24 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 18089 6.3 1.3 107444 43212 ? S 08:11 0:52 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11797 5.9 1.0 107716 34580 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7655 5.9 0.0 0 0 ? Z 08:22 0:09 [httpd] <defunct> mysql 8033 5.9 6.2 318240 199512 ? Sl May14 352:34 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/va apache 11488 5.8 0.9 106924 31632 ? S 08:23 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 9375 5.7 1.1 106956 35552 ? S 08:23 0:07 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3551 5.6 1.1 106956 36140 ? S 08:20 0:14 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7657 5.6 1.0 106968 32472 ? S 08:22 0:09 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11433 5.6 1.0 107716 34396 ? S 08:23 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 5505 5.5 1.1 106944 34924 ? S 08:21 0:12 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7172 5.3 1.1 106972 35368 ? S 08:22 0:09 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 10088 5.2 0.9 106160 31240 ? S 08:23 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7656 5.1 1.0 106436 34388 ? S 08:22 0:08 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3468 5.0 1.1 107716 35968 ? S 08:20 0:13 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 14242 4.8 1.0 107728 33032 ? S 08:25 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3578 4.8 1.1 107988 35964 ? S 08:20 0:12 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 28192 4.8 1.2 106944 38060 ? S 08:17 0:23 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3277 4.6 1.1 106956 35688 ? S 08:20 0:13 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 15434 3.7 0.7 106908 24684 ? S 08:25 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd There is a default apache log and then one other VirtualHost log setup. I'm concerned that Apache is handling some kind of traffic that is not being logged. Is that possible? And is there anything I can do to capture that traffic?

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