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  • Converting kernel image from ELF to PE

    - by Frank Miller
    I am using Msys to build a home brew kernel that I wrote under Linux. Linux used ELF for its binary format and Msys uses PE. I have the source setup to allow it to be booted by Grub using the Multiboot spec. At the end of the build, I get some undefined symbols: init.o:init.S:(.text+0x14): undefined reference to `edata' main.o:main.c:(.text+0x121): undefined reference to `_alloca' main.o:main.c:(.text+0x126): undefined reference to `__main' ../../lib\libkern.a(mem.o):mem.c:(.text+0x242): undefined reference to `_end' ../../lib\libkern.a(mem.o):mem.c:(.text+0x323): undefined reference to `_end' These appear to be ELF oriented symbols. If anyone can advise me on how these should be dealt with in the PE world, e.g. if there are equivalents, it would help me out a lot!

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  • 64-bit 13.10 shows 1GB less RAM than 64-bit 13.04 did

    - by kiloseven
    Multiple 64-bit versions (Kubuntu, Lubuntu and Xubuntu) once installed on my ThinkPad R60 show 3GB of RAM, not the correct 4GB of RAM. Last week with 13.04, I had 4GB of RAM (which matches the BIOS) and this week I have 3GB available. Inquiring minds want to know. Details follow: Linux R60 3.11.0-12-generic #19-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 9 16:20:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux r60 free -m reports: _ total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3001 854 2146 0 22 486 -/+ buffers/cache: 346 2655 Swap: 0 0 0 . . . . . . lshw shows: description: Notebook product: 9459AT8 () vendor: LENOVO version: ThinkPad R60/R60i serial: redacted width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=notebook family=ThinkPad R60/R60i frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled uuid=126E4001-48CA-11CB-9D53-B982AE0D1ABB *-core description: Motherboard product: 9459AT8 vendor: LENOVO physical id: 0 version: Not Available *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: LENOVO physical id: 0 version: 7CETC1WW (2.11 ) date: 01/09/2007 size: 144KiB capacity: 1984KiB capabilities: pci pcmcia pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd acpi usb biosbootspecification {snip} *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 29 slot: System board or motherboard size: 4GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 0 slot: DIMM 1 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 1 slot: DIMM 2 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits dpkg -l linux-* returns: Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-======================================-=======================================-========================================================================== un linux-doc-3.2.0 (no description available) ii linux-firmware 1.79.6 Firmware for Linux kernel drivers ii linux-generic 3.2.0.52.62 Complete Generic Linux kernel un linux-headers (no description available) un linux-headers-3 (no description available) un linux-headers-3.0 (no description available) un linux-headers-3.2.0-23 (no description available) un linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic (no description available) ii linux-headers-3.2.0-52 3.2.0-52.78 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0 ii linux-headers-3.2.0-52-generic 3.2.0-52.78 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.52.62 Generic Linux kernel headers un linux-image (no description available) un linux-image-3.0 (no description available) ii linux-image-3.2.0-52-generic 3.2.0-52.78 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.2.0.52.62 Generic Linux kernel image un linux-initramfs-tool (no description available) un linux-kernel-headers (no description available) un linux-kernel-log-daemon (no description available) ii linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-52.78 Linux Kernel Headers for development un linux-restricted-common (no description available) ii linux-sound-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1.1 base package for ALSA and OSS sound systems un linux-source-3.2.0 (no description available) un linux-tools (no description available)

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  • How to use more than 3 virtual disks in Linux using CentOS and XenServer

    - by 010110110101
    I've attached 5 virtual disks to a Virtual Machine in Citrix XenServer. The VM has the xs-tools installed. Initially it said that it couldn't add so many disks. After I installed the xs-tools, it let me add all the disks. But /dev doesn't show all the disks. It shows these: /dev/xvda /dev/xvdb /dev/xvdc /dev/cdrom Perhaps it is bound by the limits of an IDE bus? (3 disks + CD-ROM) If so, how does one change the VM to use SCSI? Edit: According to the documentation: 2.6.3. VM Block Devices In the PV Linux case, block devices are passed through as PV devices. XenServer does not attempt to emulate SCSI or IDE, but instead provides a more suitable interface in the virtual environment in the form of xvd* devices. It is also possible to get an sd* device using the same mechanism, where the PV driver inside the VM takes over the SCSI device namespace. This is not desirable so it is best to use xvd* where possible for PV guests (this is the default for Debian and RHEL). For Windows or other fully virtualized guests, XenServer emulates an IDE bus in the form of an hd* device. When using Windows, installing the Citrix Tools for Virtual Machines installs a special PV driver that works in a similar way to Linux, except in the fully virtualized environment. Still, with 5 virtual disks attached, I don't see the other xvd devices. Edit #2: (attached requested info) Host Machine: XenServer 6.1 Linux version 2.6.32.43-0.4.1.xs1.6.10.777.170770xen (geeko@buildhost) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-51)) #1 SMP Wed Apr 17 05:52:03 EDT 2013 Guest Machine: CentOS release 6.4 (Final) Linux version 2.6.32-358.6.2.el6.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu May 16 20:59:36 UTC 2013 Output of 'fdisk -l' on Guest Machine: Note, the disk beyond the first 3 attached are not displaying -- there should be 4 100GB disks. (There are a total of 5 disks displayed in XenCenter -- 16GB, 100GB, 100GB, 100GB, 100GB) Disk /dev/xvdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xfb6c95b9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 1 13054 104856223+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e5f41 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvda2 64 2089 16264192 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/xvdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xed249ced Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdc1 1 13054 104856223+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/vg_blue-lv_root: 14.6 GB, 14571012096 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1771 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_blue-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 I see that the Linux versions say SMP. The Guest VM doesn't say "xen" in the name. However, I have already run yum install kernel-xen. Could be a clue?

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  • How can I log when reads to /dev/random block?

    - by ldrg
    I've noticed that since updating my server to Debian Squeeze the amount of entropy as reported by /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail is much lower than it was before the upgrade. I would like to know if this lower pool size is big enough to function with or if I need to look into getting more entropy sources. I think having a way to log blocking reads of /dev/random would show whether I have enough entropy or not.

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  • Forcedeth - too many iterations (6) in > nv_nic_irq

    - by RyanC
    Hey, I'm having trouble with an onboard nvidia gigabit network, under times of heavy load on the network, I'm seeing this error logged: "too many iterations (6) in nv_nic_irq" I'm running Hadoop DFS over these NICs and I see checksum errors build up until the whole thing just fails. I'm running the 2.6.26-2-amd64 kernel, and my initial research seems to imply its a problem with the forcedeth driver. Has anyone run into this problem before? Thanks in advance if anyone can help! Ryan

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  • To control decibels in speakers by Ubuntu

    - by Masi
    I need to load the module pcspkr to Linux kernel often by sudo modprobe pcspkr. It sometimes happens that something goes totally wrong such that I cannot stand the amount of decibels in my speakers. I would like to control the amount of decibels in my speakers and to have a visual speaker in my top panel which indicates the amount of decibels in my computer at each given time How can you solve at least one of the problems?

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  • Is there much difference between X86 Assembly language on Windows and Linux?

    - by Logan545
    I'm a complete beginner at Assembly, and my aim is to learn as much as I can to do with Assembly to one day I can reach expert level (I know I'm way off right now, but you never know). My only problem is this: I've got two books which both teach assembly, one on a Linux and the other on Windows. They are Jeff Duntemann's Assembly Language Step By Step (the linux one) and Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture (the windows version). If I want to get the best out of assembly, should I do this on linux and windows? Also, is the syntax the same on Windows and Linux or will I have teach my self again when learning on the other OS( which is my main concern, I want to be able to use assembly on windows and linux).

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  • Processor affinity settings for Linux kernel modules?

    - by Stephen Pape
    In Windows, I can set the processor affinity of driver code using KeSetSystemAffinityThread, and check which processor my code is running on using KeGetCurrentProcessorNumber. I'm trying to do something similar in a Linux kernel module, but the only affinity calls I can see are for userland processes. Is there any way to do this, so that I can run assembly code on a specific processor? (i.e. sgdt)

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  • How can I get page faults statistics from kernel

    - by osgx
    Hello How can I get page faults statistics from kernel for my application while it is running? What about other events, like inter-cpu migrations count in SMP nodes, or number of context switches? I want to count such events for various small parts of the program. Thanks.

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  • walking list in KDB/kernel debugger

    - by user291849
    I need to walk a link list in the kernel debugger. How can I determine the head pointer and walk the list? I have a listing and can find the address and location in the code where I check to see if I have a head, so I know the specific code location and address. But not sure how to determine the pointer or how to determine the next element and pointer on the list.

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  • GRE keepalive with Linux and RouterOS

    - by eri
    I have a Linux host and couple of routerboadrs. I created a GRE tunnel, but Linux does not answer keepalive packages. Then router mark gre connection as unreachable, so I cant send to Linux host from router subnet. If linux sends something into tunnel (ping, etc.) - RouterOS mark connection as reacheble. Second and next packages routed nicely until one minute idle (no traffic). Tunnel in linux a make in this way: remote=x.x.x.x dev=gre21 network=10.21.0.0/16 ip tunnel add ${dev} mode gre remote ${remote} ttl 255 ip addr add 172.16.1.1/24 peer 172.16.1.21 dev ${dev} ip link set ${dev} up ip route add ${network} dev ${dev} And ip l: 14: gre21: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1476 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/gre 0.0.0.0 peer 109.60.170.15 How to set state "running"? How to keep alive tunnel? Ping in cron?

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  • How to use suse linux as a small router

    - by Mingo
    I has 2 subnet 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24 and one suse linux, the linux has 2 interface, eth0 and eth1. I want to configurate the suse linux as a router so that make these 2 subnet can communicate with each other. This is my steps: 1.set the linux eth0 ip as 192.160.1.254,eth1 ip 192.168.2.254 2.add route in linux: route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0 route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth1 3.set 192.168.1.0/24 gw as 192.168.1.254,and 192.168.2.0/24 gw as 192.168.2.254 I am not sure this will work or not? or some step i missing?

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  • Untar after uploading to linux from windows

    - by Miqdad Ali
    I have created tar.gz from my linux server, and I downloaded the same to my linux system and I successfully doen untar with tar -xvf package.tar.gz. And now my issue I downloaded same package.tar.gz to the windows system then uploaded to another linux server, and tried same command tar -xvf package.tar.gz. but it getting tar: This does not look like a tar archive tar: Skipping to next header tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors as response. I also tried filezill manual trnasfer with binary mode. How can I do the same ? Update When I directly download to the linux system its working fine. When I downloaded to the windows system and try to extract with 7zip or winrar error is getting When I download to windows and upload to linux same error getting

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  • Put a Windows computer to sleep remotely (from a Linux box)

    - by snark
    I'd like to have my Linux box (a QNAP TS-210 NAS) send the order to go to sleep (or hibernation) to my main Windows 7 computer. As the NAS is running Linux, I can't use psshutdown from SysInternals' PsTools. Is there any Linux equivalent? Or some "magic packet" that can order the Win7 computer to sleep. I know I could install a SSH daemon and trigger a shutdown command from the Linux box using ssh, but ideally I do not want to install anything on the Win7 computer. I can install Linux software on the NAS, no problem about this. PHP, python and perl are also available on it.

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  • Publishing and setting permissions to a Linux share to AD

    - by blsub6
    I have a Linux share that I want to publish to users on my Active Directory domain. I'd like to be able to control the permissions to access that share using security groups. So say I have a share named "Share" on my Linux machine named "Linux" with IP address 192.168.1.2. I publish \\192.168.1.2\Share in AD and make it so that only people who are part of the "IT" security group can access it. What's to stop anyone who's not in the "IT" security group from just going to explorer and typing in \\192.168.1.2\Share or \\Linux\Share into their Explorer to access this share? Do I need to set up permissions on the Linux file server?

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  • How to make schema dumps comparable between Windows and Linux

    - by Jonathan
    I have two systems running, one on linux and the other on windows. From the linux box, I ran pg_dump against both systems and dumped the schema. pg_dump command: pg_dump -h HOST -U USER -s -f /tmp/out.sql DB_NAME After I removed all of the "--" comments, I diffed the files together. Diff output snippet, linux compared to windows: - ADD CONSTRAINT sys_c004775 FOREIGN KEY (ruleid) REFERENCES rule(ruleid); + ADD CONSTRAINT sys_c004775 FOREIGN KEY (ruleid) REFERENCES "rule"(ruleid); The linux dump does not quote any entities and windows does. Is this a function of some encoding or just of a difference between windows and linux? Is there an option in pg_dump to make the output more consistent?

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  • Minimal Linux distribution with sshd and apt

    - by Sergey Mikhanov
    When I signed up for my Debian Linux VPS hosting and first logged on and invoked ps, there was the only user process running: sshd. As I can see, this was minimal Linux with only two things installed and configured: sshd and apt (plus all dependencies, of course). I want to build (or use existing) similar Linux distro, any advice on how to build (or pick) one? Googling "minimum linux", or "linux with sshd only" usually brings up Debian's netinstall, which is not what I want. Thanks in advance.

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  • printing in linux

    - by Neilvert Noval
    Hello all. I've been a linux user for quite some time. But haven't do printing until now. I just wanna ask how to do printing in linux? I have researched a bit on it. I found some $> echo "print me" > /dev/lp0, but unfortunately, I have no lp0 in my /dev. I don't know if this is the right thing to do. Nevertheless, please tell me of ways on how I can print from my linux box. Here are some details: OS: debian linux 5.0.4 printer: disclosed until it is necessary connection: usb connection So do i need to add a printer first? From the printer manual that I read, this printer model has no linux driver.

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  • Setting up a linux switch

    - by Shahmir Javaid
    I have a C++ Program to sniff each and every packet that crosses my linux box. However i need to now get my linux box to listen to every traffic in my network. I could buy a managed switch and set up port spanning, but i aint paying 200+ £'s for a switch and plus gives me a chance to learn. My Network +---------Computer A | Internet-----Router------Switch-------------+---------Linux Box | +---------Computer B Proposed Network +---------Computer A | Internet-----Router------Linux Box--------Switch eth0^ ^eth1 | +---------Computer B How would i setup this in linux. Do i just configure both the ethernet on different IP Address on the same network. Or am i completelly on the wrong track My System Fedora 13. Thanks

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  • SSD runs faster on Windows as compared to Linux [closed]

    - by wushugene
    Windows 7 seems to install, boot and run much smoother & faster than each the three linux distros I have recently tried (Ubuntu 12.04 unity, Linux mint 13 MATE, and Fedora 17 on gnome 3.4). Why am I facing bad performance in Linux? I have tweaked my Linux installs for the SSD (enabling trim, disabling swap, etc.) I'm using an Acer TravelMate with i5-2410m processor, intel hd 3000 graphics, 8 gigs of ram, and a 256 gb samsung 830 ssd. Edit: Boot times are 10-15 seconds slower, there is noticeable delay from login to fully loaded desktop, and in general does not appear to be as responsive as my old windows 7 install or the Linux guests I had running on it.

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  • Can't boot Windows after installing Linux

    - by user4035
    I have a partition /dev/sdb1, where my old Windows XP resides. All the files are there intact and I can see them, mounting the disk from Linux. Linux is on /dev/sdb2. But when I choose Windows in LILO prompt, it doesn't load. I have the following lilo.conf: boot = /dev/sdb # Linux bootable partition config begins image = /boot/vmlinuz root = /dev/sdb2 label = Linux read-only # Partitions should be mounted read-only for checking # Linux bootable partition config ends # Windows bootable partition config begins other = /dev/sdb1 label = Windows table = /dev/sdb # Windows bootable partition config ends What can be wrong?

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  • How to build Linux system from kernel to UI layer

    - by mohit
    Hi, I have been looking into MeeGo, maemo, Android architecture. They all have Linux Kernel, build some libraries on it, then build middle layer libraries [e.g telephony, media etc...]. Suppose i wana build my own system, say Linux Kernel, with some binariers like glibc, Dbus,.... UI toolkit like GTK+ and its binaries. I want to compile every project from source to customize my own linux system for desktop, netbook and handheld devices. [starting from netbook first :)] How can i build my own customize system from kernel to UI.

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