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• E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

  - by kss

  sudo apt-get install acroread, i got the following output Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: libldap2 libgnome-speech7 The following NEW packages will be installed: acroread 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/60.1 MB of archives. After this operation, 142 MB of additional disk space will be used. (Reading database ... 237901 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking acroread (from .../acroread_9.5.1-1precise1_i386.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/acroread_9.5.1-1precise1_i386.deb (--unpack): failed in write on buffer copy for backend dpkg-deb during `./opt/Adobe/Reader9/Browser/intellinux/nppdf.so': No space left on device No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for man-db ... /usr/bin/mandb: can't write to /var/cache/man/1645: No space left on device Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/acroread_9.5.1-1precise1_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Http handler for classic ASP application for introducing a layer between client and server

  - by JPReddy

  I've a huge classic ASP application where in thousands of users manage their company/business data. Currently this is not multi-user so that application users can create users and authorize them to access certain areas in the system. I'm thinking of writing a handler which will act as middle man between client and server and go through every request and find out who the user is and whether he is authorized to access the data he is trying to. For the moment ignore about the part how I'm going to check the authorization and all that stuff. Just want to know whether I can implement a ASP.net handler and use it as middle man for the requests coming for a asp website? I just want to read the url and see what is the page user is trying to access and what are the parameters he is passing in the url the posted data. Is this possible? I read that Asp.net handler cannot be used with asp website and I need to use isapi filter or extensions for that and that can be developed only c/c++. Can anybody through some light on this and guide me whether I'm in the right direction or not?

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• How to choose how to store data?

  - by Eldros

  Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. - Chinese Proverb I could ask what kind of data storage I should use for my actual project, but I want to learn to fish, so I don't need to ask for a fish each time I begin a new project. So, until I used two methods to store data on my non-game project: XML files, and relational databases. I know that there is also other kind of database, of the NoSQL kind. However I wouldn't know if there is more choice available to me, or how to choose in the first place, aside arbitrary picking one. So the question is the following: How should I choose the kind of data storage for a game project? And I would be interested on the following criterion when choosing: The size of the project. The platform targeted by the game. The complexity of the data structure. Added Portability of data amongst many project. Added How often should the data be accessed Added Multiple type of data for a same application Any other point you think is of interest when deciding what to use. EDIT I know about Would it be better to use XML/JSON/Text or a database to store game content?, but thought it didn't address exactly my point. Now if I am wrong, I would gladely be shown the error in my ways.

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• two thoughts about career excellence

  - by john.rose

  I love Dickens, warts and all. Sometimes he is sententious, and (like the mediocre modern I am) at such points I am willing to listen non-ironically. This bit here struck me hard enough to stop and write it down: I mean a man whose hopes and aims may sometimes lie (as most men's sometimes do, I dare say) above the ordinary level, but to whom the ordinary level will be high enough after all if it should prove to be a way of usefulness and good service leading to no other. All generous spirits are ambitious, I suppose, but the ambition that calmly trusts itself to such a road, instead of spasmodically trying to fly over it, is of the kind I care for. It is Woodcourt's kind. (John Jarndyce to Esther Summerson, Bleak House, ch. 60) Woodcourt is, of course, one of the heroes of the story. It is a heroism that is attractive to me. Here is a similar idea, from the Screwtape Letters. In the satirically inverted logic of that book, the “Enemy” is God, the enemy of the devils but the author of good: The Enemy wants to bring the man to a state of mind in which he could design the best cathedral in the world, and know it to be the best, and rejoice in the, fact, without being any more (or less) or otherwise glad at having done it than he would be if it had been done by another. (C.S. Lewis, Screwtape Letters, ch. 14) Though I will be happy with a good Bazaar, I also dream of Cathedrals. Put whatever name you like on it, as long as I get some part in the fun of building a good one.

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• Very basic beginner Ruby question to do with elsif and ranges [migrated]

  - by MattKneale

  I've been trying to get to grasps with Ruby (for all of an hour) and this is my first language. I've got the following code: var_comparison = 5 print "Please enter a number: " my_num = Integer(gets.chomp) if my_num > var_comparison print "You picked a number greater than 5!" elsif my_num < var_comparison print "You picked a number less than 5!" elsif my_num > 99 print "Your number is too large, man." else print "You picked the number 5!" end Clearly the interpreter has no way of distinguishing between accepting the rule 5 or 99. How do I make it so that any number between 6-99 returns "You picked a number greater than 5!", but a number 100 or greater returns "Your number is too large, man!"? Do I need to specifically state a range somehow? How would I best do that? Would it by the normal range methods e.g. if my_num 6..99 or if my_num.between(6..99) ?

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• Grub2 mutual dependency issue

  - by A T

  For various reasons I am installing .deb dependencies for grub2 using dpkg directly (rather than apt-get). root@ubuntu:/dl# dpkg -i grub-gfxpayload-lists_0.6_amd64.deb Selecting previously unselected package grub-gfxpayload-lists. (Reading database ... 249808 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack grub-gfxpayload-lists_0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking grub-gfxpayload-lists (0.6) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-gfxpayload-lists: grub-gfxpayload-lists depends on grub-pc (>= 1.99~20101210-1ubuntu2); however: Package grub-pc is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package grub-gfxpayload-lists (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: grub-gfxpayload-lists By configure I assume it means install+configure, so I tried: root@ubuntu:/dl# dpkg -i grub-pc_2.02~beta2-9_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 249818 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack grub-pc_2.02~beta2-9_amd64.deb ... Unpacking grub-pc (2.02~beta2-9) over (2.02~beta2-9) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-pc: grub-pc depends on grub2-common (= 2.02~beta2-9); however: Package grub2-common is not installed. grub-pc depends on grub-pc-bin (= 2.02~beta2-9); however: Package grub-pc-bin is not installed. grub-pc depends on grub-gfxpayload-lists; however: Package grub-gfxpayload-lists is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package grub-pc (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: grub-pc How do I solve this problem?

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• Don&rsquo;t Kill the Password

  - by Anthony Trudeau

  A week ago Mr. Honan from Wired.com penned an article on security he titled “Kill the Password: Why a String of Characters Can’t Protect Us Anymore.” He asserts that the password is not effective and a new solution is needed. Unfortunately, Mr. Honan was a victim of hacking. As a result he has a victim’s vendetta. His conclusion is ill conceived even though there are smatterings of truth and good advice. The password is a security barrier much like a lock on your door. In of itself it’s not guaranteeing protection. You can have a good password akin to a steel reinforced door with the best lock money can buy, or you can have a poor password like “password” which is like a sliding lock like on a bathroom stall. But, just like in the real world a lock isn’t always enough. You can have a lock, security system, video cameras, guard dogs, and even armed security guards; but none of that guarantees your protection. Even top secret government agencies can be breached by someone who is just that good (as dramatized in movies like Mission Impossible). And that’s the crux of it. There are real hackers out there that are that good. Killer coding ninja monkeys do exist! We still have locks on our doors, because they still serve their role. Passwords are no different. Security doesn’t end with the password. Most people would agree that stuffing your mattress with your life savings isn’t a good idea even if you have the best locks and security system. Most people agree its safest to have the money in a bank. Essentially this is compartmentalization. Compartmentalization extends to the online world as well. You’re at risk if your online banking accounts are linked to the same account as your social networks. This is especially true if you’re lackadaisical about linking those social networks to outside sources including apps. The object here is to minimize the damage that can be done. An attacker should not be able to get into your bank account, because they breached your Twitter account. It’s time to prioritize once you’ve compartmentalized. This simply means deciding how much security you want for the different compartments which I’ll call security zones. Social networking applications like Facebook provide a lot of security features. However, security features are almost always a compromise with privacy and convenience. It’s similar to an engineering adage, but in this case it’s security, convenience, and privacy – pick two. For example, you might use a safe instead of bank to store your money, because the convenience of having your money closer or the privacy of not having the bank records is more important than the added security. The following are lists of security do’s and don’ts (these aren’t meant to be exhaustive and each could be an article in of themselves): Security Do’s: Use strong passwords based on a phrase Use encryption whenever you can (e.g. HTTPS in Facebook) Use a firewall (and learn to use it properly) Configure security on your router (including port blocking) Keep your operating system patched Make routine backups of important files Realize that if you’re not paying for it, you’re the product Security Don’ts Link accounts if at all possible Reuse passwords across your security zones Use real answers for security questions (e.g. mother’s maiden name) Trust anything you download Ignore message boxes shown by your system or browser Forget to test your backups Share your primary email indiscriminately Only you can decide your comfort level between convenience, privacy, and security. Attackers are going to find exploits in software. Software is complex and depends on other software. The exploits are the responsibility of the software company. But your security is always your responsibility. Complete security is an illusion. But, there is plenty you can do to minimize the risk online just like you do in the physical world. Be safe and enjoy what the Internet has to offer. I expect passwords to be necessary just as long as locks.

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• Java Dragging an object from one area to another [on hold]

  - by user50369

  Hello I have a game where you drag bits of food around the screen. I want to be able to click on an ingredient and drag it to another part of the screen where I release the mouse. I am new to java so I do not really know how to do this please help me Here is me code. This is the class with the mouse listeners in it: public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) { Comp.ml = true; // placing if (manager.title == true) { if (title.r.contains(Comp.mx, Comp.my)) { title.overview = true; } else if (title.r1.contains(Comp.mx, Comp.my)) { title.options = true; } else if (title.r2.contains(Comp.mx, Comp.my)) { System.exit(0); } } if (manager.option == true) { optionsMouse(e); } mouseinventory(e); } else if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON3) { Comp.mr = true; } } private void mouseinventory(MouseEvent e) { if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) { } else if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) { } } @Override public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) { Comp.ml = false; } else if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON3) { Comp.mr = false; } } @Override public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { for(int i = 0; i < overview.im.ing.toArray().length; i ++){ if(overview.im.ing.get(i).r.contains(Comp.mx,Comp.my)){ overview.im.ing.get(i).newx = Comp.mx; overview.im.ing.get(i).newy = Comp.my; overview.im.ing.get(i).dragged = true; }else{ overview.im.ing.get(i).dragged = false; } } } @Override public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { Comp.mx = e.getX(); Comp.my = e.getY(); // System.out.println("" + Comp.my); } This is the class called ingredient public abstract class Ingrediant { public int x,y,id,lastx,lasty,newx,newy; public boolean removed = false,dragged = false; public int width; public int height; public Rectangle r = new Rectangle(x,y,width,height); public Ingrediant(){ r = new Rectangle(x,y,width,height); } public abstract void tick(); public abstract void render(Graphics g); } and this is a class which extends ingredient called hagleave public class HagLeave extends Ingrediant { private Image img; public HagLeave(int x, int y, int id) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.newx = x; this.newy = y; this.id = id; width = 75; height = 75; r = new Rectangle(x,y,width,height); } public void tick() { r = new Rectangle(x,y,width,height); if(!dragged){ x = newx; y = newy; } } public void render(Graphics g) { ImageIcon i2 = new ImageIcon("res/ingrediants/hagleave.png"); img = i2.getImage(); g.drawImage(img, x, y, null); g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height); } } The arraylist is in a class called ingrediantManager: public class IngrediantsManager { public ArrayList<Ingrediant> ing = new ArrayList<Ingrediant>(); public IngrediantsManager(){ ing.add(new HagLeave(100,200,1)); ing.add(new PigHair(70,300,2)); ing.add(new GiantsToe(100,400,3)); } public void tick(){ for(int i = 0; i < ing.toArray().length; i ++){ ing.get(i).tick(); if(ing.get(i).removed){ ing.remove(i); i--; } } } public void render(Graphics g){ for(int i = 0; i < ing.toArray().length; i ++){ ing.get(i).render(g); } } }

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• Linq IQueryable variables

  - by kevinw

  Hi i have a function that should return me a string but what is is doing is bringing me back the sql expression that i am using on the database what have i done wrong public static IQueryable XMLtoProcess(string strConnection) { Datalayer.HameserveDataContext db = new HameserveDataContext(strConnection); var xml = from x in db.JobImports where x.Processed == false select new { x.Content }; return xml; } this is the code sample this is what i should be getting back <PMZEDITRI TRI_TXNNO="11127" TRI_TXNSEQ="1" TRI_CODE="600" TRI_SUBTYPE="1" TRI_STATUS="Busy" TRI_CRDATE="2008-02-25T00:00:00.0000000-00:00" TRI_CRTIME="54540" TRI_PRTIME="0" TRI_BATCH="" TRI_REF="" TRI_CPY="main" C1="DEPL" C2="007311856/001" C3="14:55" C4="CUB2201" C5="MR WILLIAM HOGG" C6="CS12085393" C7="CS" C8="Blocked drain" C9="Scheme: CIS Home Rescue edi tests" C10="MR WILLIAM HOGG" C11="74 CROMARTY" C12="OUSTON" C13="CHESTER LE STREET" C14="COUNTY DURHAM" C15="" C16="DH2 1JY" C17="" C18="" C19="" C20="" C21="CIS" C22="0018586965 ||" C23="BD" C24="W/DE/BD" C25="EX-DIRECTORY" C26="" C27="/" C28="CIS Home Rescue" C29="CIS Home Rescue Plus Insd" C30="Homeserve Claims Management Ltd|Upon successful completion of this repair the contractor must submit an itemised and costed Homeserve Claims Management Ltd Job Sheet." N1="79.9000" N2="68.0000" N3="11.9000" N4="0" N5="0" N6="0" D1="2008-02-25T00:00:00.0000000-00:00" T2="EX-DIRECTORY" T4="Blocked drain" TRI_SYSID="9" TRI_RETRY="3" TRI_RETRYTIME="0" /> can anyone help me please

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• Trouble pre-populating drop down and textarea from MySQL Database

  - by Tony

  I am able to successfully pre-populate my questions using the following code: First Name: <input type="text" name="first_name" size="30" maxlength="20" value="' . $row[2] . '" /><br /> However, when I try to do the same for a drop down box and a textarea box, nothing is pre-populated from the database, even though there is actual content in the database. This is the code I'm using for the drop down and textarea, respectively: <?php echo ' <form action ="edit_contact.php" method="post"> <div class="contactfirstcolumn"> Prefix: <select name = "prefix" value="' . $row[0] . '" /> <option value="blank">--</option> <option value="Dr">Dr.</option> <option value="Mr">Mr.</option> <option value="Mrs">Mrs.</option> <option value="Ms">Ms.</option> </select><br />'; ?> AND Contact Description:<textarea id = "contactdesc" name="contactdesc" rows="3" cols="50" value="' . $row[20] . '" /></textarea><br /><br /> It's important to note that I am not receiving any errors. The form loads fine, however without the data for the drop down and textarea fields. Thanks! Tony

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• LEFT OUTER JOIN in Linq - How to Force

  - by dodegaard

  I have a LEFT OUTER OUTER join in LINQ that is combining with the outer join condition and not providing the desired results. It is basically limiting my LEFT side result with this combination. Here is the LINQ and resulting SQL. What I'd like is for "AND ([t2].[EligEnd] = @p0" in the LINQ query to not bew part of the join condition but rather a subquery to filter results BEFORE the join. Thanks in advance (samples pulled from LINQPad) - Doug (from l in Users join mr in (from mri in vwMETRemotes where met.EligEnd == Convert.ToDateTime("2009-10-31") select mri) on l.Mahcpid equals mr.Mahcpid into lo from g in lo.DefaultIfEmpty() orderby l.LastName, l.FirstName where l.LastName.StartsWith("smith") && l.DeletedDate == null select g) Here is the resulting SQL -- Region Parameters DECLARE @p0 DateTime = '2009-10-31 00:00:00.000' DECLARE @p1 NVarChar(6) = 'smith%' -- EndRegion SELECT [t2].[test], [t2].[MAHCPID] AS [Mahcpid], [t2].[FirstName], [t2].[LastName], [t2].[Gender], [t2].[Address1], [t2].[Address2], [t2].[City], [t2].[State] AS [State], [t2].[ZipCode], [t2].[Email], [t2].[EligStart], [t2].[EligEnd], [t2].[Dependent], [t2].[DateOfBirth], [t2].[ID], [t2].[MiddleInit], [t2].[Age], [t2].[SSN] AS [Ssn], [t2].[County], [t2].[HomePhone], [t2].[EmpGroupID], [t2].[PopulationIdentifier] FROM [dbo].[User] AS [t0] LEFT OUTER JOIN ( SELECT 1 AS [test], [t1].[MAHCPID], [t1].[FirstName], [t1].[LastName], [t1].[Gender], [t1].[Address1], [t1].[Address2], [t1].[City], [t1].[State], [t1].[ZipCode], [t1].[Email], [t1].[EligStart], [t1].[EligEnd], [t1].[Dependent], [t1].[DateOfBirth], [t1].[ID], [t1].[MiddleInit], [t1].[Age], [t1].[SSN], [t1].[County], [t1].[HomePhone], [t1].[EmpGroupID], [t1].[PopulationIdentifier] FROM [dbo].[vwMETRemote] AS [t1] ) AS [t2] ON ([t0].[MAHCPID] = [t2].[MAHCPID]) AND ([t2].[EligEnd] = @p0) WHERE ([t0].[LastName] LIKE @p1) AND ([t0].[DeletedDate] IS NULL) ORDER BY [t0].[LastName], [t0].[FirstName]

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• Cakephp Function in mode not executing

  - by Rixius

  I have a function in my Comic Model as such: <?php class Comic extends AppModel { var $name = "Comic"; // Methods for retriving information. function testFunc(){ $mr = $this->find('all'); return $mr; } } ?> And I am calling it in my controller as such: <?php class ComicController extends AppController { var $name = "Comic"; var $uses = array('Comic'); function index() { } function view($q) { $this->set('array',$this->Comic->testFunc()); } } ?> When I try to load up the page; I get the following error: Warning (512): SQL Error: 1064: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'testFunc' at line 1 [CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo_source.php, line 525] Query: testFunc And the SQL dump looks like this: (default) 2 queries took 1 ms Nr Query Error Affected Num. rows Took (ms) 1 DESCRIBE comics 10 10 1 2 testFunc 1064: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'testFunc' at line 1 0 So it looks like, instead of running the testFunc() function, it is trying to run a query of "testFunc" and failing...

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• create this array

  - by calccrypto

  i know this sounds silly, but can someone please post the arrays described by rfc2612: Cm = 0x5A827999 Mm = 0x6ED9EBA1 Cr = 19 Mr = 17 for (i=0; i<24; i++) { for (j=0; j<8; j++) { Tmj_(i) = Cm Cm = (Cm + Mm) mod 2**32 Trj_(i) = Cr Cr = (Cr + Mr) mod 32 } } i think im doing is wrong for some reason i get this for Tr [[10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2], [10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2, 10, 18, 26, 2]]

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• Can I use a *.tag from another *.tag file in the same /WEB-INF/tags folder?

  - by Ytsejammer

  Hello, I am trying to refactor my JSP code so that a small conditional test condition gets reused through a *.tag file. There are some big parts of my UI that depend on the value of a two-state property of an object present in the request. Let's say the property is 'gender' and the object is of type Person. Like I said, I would like to simplify & centralize the test on the gender property using a tag. For this purpose, I created two tag files: /WEB-INF/tags/if-male.tag /WEB-INF/tags/if-female.tag Now, I have another tiny spot that gets repeated in all over my application; let's say is the salutation to my site user. With this idea, I created a tag like this: /WEB-INF/tags/salutation.tag As you can imagine, I am trying to use the if-male/if-female test within the salutation.tag file to output 'Mrs.' or 'Mr.' like this: <%@ tag body-content="empty" %> <%@ taglib prefix="g" uri="/WEB-INF/tags" %> <g:if-male> Mr. </g:if-male> <g:if-female> Mrs. </g:if-female> Is the use of the if-male/if-female tags legal within the salutation.tag file? I have tried with such arrangement, but it looks like the JDeveloper 10.1.3.4 compiler gets confused and cannot deal with the salutation.tag tag invoking the other two tags in the same 'library' (folder under /WEB-INF/tags). The reference works perfectly in Jetty 6 and it looks like it works as well if I deploy the application to OC4J directly without relying on JDeveloper to pre-compile all my JSPs. I hope someone can shed some light on this. Thanks, YJ

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• String Manipulation: Spliting Delimitted Data

  - by Milli Szabo

  I need to split some info from a asterisk delimitted data. Data Format: NAME*ADRESS LINE1*ADDRESS LINE2 Rules: 1. Name should be always present 2. Address Line 1 and 2 might not be 3. There should be always three asterisks. Samples: MR JONES A ORTEGA*ADDRESS 1*ADDRESS2* Name: MR JONES A ORTEGA Address Line1: ADDRESS 1 Address Line2: ADDRESS 2 A PAUL*ADDR1** Name: A PAUL Address Line1: ADDR1 Address Line2: Not Given My algo is: 1. Iterate through the characters in the line 2. Store all chars in a temp variables until first * is found. Reject the data if no char is found before first occurence of asterisk. If some chars found, use it as the name. 3. Same as step 2 for finding address line 1 and 2 except that this won't reject the data if no char is found My algo looks ugly. The code looks uglier. Spliting using //* doesn't work either since name can be replaced with address line 1 If the data is *Address 1*Address2, split will create two indexes in the array where index 0 will have the value of Address 1 and index 2 will have the value of Address2. Where's the name. Was there a name? Any suggestion?

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• Using map/reduce for mapping the properties in a collection

  - by And

  Update: follow-up to MongoDB Get names of all keys in collection. As pointed out by Kristina, one can use Mongodb 's map/reduce to list the keys in a collection: db.things.insert( { type : ['dog', 'cat'] } ); db.things.insert( { egg : ['cat'] } ); db.things.insert( { type : [] }); db.things.insert( { hello : [] } ); mr = db.runCommand({"mapreduce" : "things", "map" : function() { for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); } }, "reduce" : function(key, stuff) { return null; }}) db[mr.result].distinct("_id") //output: [ "_id", "egg", "hello", "type" ] As long as we want to get only the keys located at the first level of depth, this works fine. However, it will fail retrieving those keys that are located at deeper levels. If we add a new record: db.things.insert({foo: {bar: {baaar: true}}}) And we run again the map-reduce +distinct snippet above, we will get: [ "_id", "egg", "foo", "hello", "type" ] But we will not get the bar and the baaar keys, which are nested down in the data structure. The question is: how do I retrieve all keys, no matter their level of depth? Ideally, I would actually like the script to walk down to all level of depth, producing an output such as: ["_id","egg","foo","foo.bar","foo.bar.baaar","hello","type"] Thank you in advance!

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• Perl Regex - Condensing groups of find/replace

  - by brydgesk

  I'm using Perl to perform some file cleansing, and am running into some performance issues. One of the major parts of my code involves standardizing name fields. I have several sections that look like this: sub substitute_titles { my ($inStr) = @_; ${$inStr} =~ s/ PHD./ PHD /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ P H D / PHD /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ PROF./ PROF /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ P R O F / PROF /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ DR./ DR /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ D.R./ DR /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ HON./ HON /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ H O N / HON /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ MR./ MR /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ MRS./ MRS /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ M R S / MRS /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ MS./ MS /; ${$inStr} =~ s/ MISS./ MISS /; } I'm passing by reference to try and get at least a little speed, but I fear that running so many (literally hundreds) of specific string replaces on tens of thousands (likely hundreds of thousands eventually) of records is going to hurt the performance. Is there a better way to implement this kind of logic than what I'm doing currently? Thanks Edit: Quick note, not all the replace functions are just removing periods and spaces. There are string deletions, soundex groups, etc.

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• String Manipulation: Splitting Delimitted Data

  - by Milli Szabo

  I need to split some info from a asterisk delimitted data. Data Format: NAME*ADRESS LINE1*ADDRESS LINE2 Rules: 1. Name should be always present 2. Address Line 1 and 2 might not be 3. There should be always three asterisks. Samples: MR JONES A ORTEGA*ADDRESS 1*ADDRESS2* Name: MR JONES A ORTEGA Address Line1: ADDRESS 1 Address Line2: ADDRESS 2 A PAUL*ADDR1** Name: A PAUL Address Line1: ADDR1 Address Line2: Not Given My algo is: 1. Iterate through the characters in the line 2. Store all chars in a temp variables until first * is found. Reject the data if no char is found before first occurence of asterisk. If some chars found, use it as the name. 3. Same as step 2 for finding address line 1 and 2 except that this won't reject the data if no char is found My algo looks ugly. The code looks uglier. Spliting using //* doesn't work either since name can be replaced with address line 1 if the data was *Address 1*Address2. Any suggestion?

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• Creating one row of information in excel using a unique value

  - by user1426513

  This is my first post. I am currently working on a project at work which requires that I work with several different worksheets in order to create one mail master worksheet, as it were, in order to do a mail merge. The worksheet contains information regarding different purchases, and each purchaser is identified with their own ID number. Below is an example of what my spreadsheet looks like now (however I do have more columns): ID Salutation Address ID Name Donation ID Name Tickets 9 Mr. John Doe 123 12 Ms. Jane Smith 100.00 12 Ms.Jane Smith 300.00 12 Ms. Jane Smith 456 22 Mr. Mike Man 500.00 84 Ms. Jo Smith 300.00 What I would like to do is somehow sort my data so that everythign with the same unique identifier (ID) lines up on the same row. For example ID 12 Jane Smith - all the information for her will show up under her name matched by her ID number, and ID 22 will match up with 22 etc... When I merged all of my spreadsheets together, I sorted them all by ID number, however my problem is, not everyone who made a donation bought a ticket or some people just bought tickets and nothing us, so sorting doesn't work. Hopefully this makes sense. Thanks in advance.

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• How to save to Django Model that Have Mulitple Foreign Keys Fields

  - by Spikie

  I have Models for business Apps class staff_name(models.Model): TITLE_CHOICES = ( ('Mr', 'Mr'), ('Miss', 'Miss'), ( 'Mrs', 'Mrs'), ( 'chief', 'chief'), ) titlename = models.CharField(max_length=10,choices=TITLE_CHOICES) firstname = models.CharField(max_length=150) surname = models.CharField(max_length=150) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class meta: ordering = ["date"] get_latest_by = "date" class inventory_transaction(models.Model): stock_in = models.DecimalField(blank=True, null=True,max_digits=8, decimal_places=2) stock_out = models.DecimalField(blank=True,null=True,max_digits=8, decimal_places=2) Number_container = models.ForeignKey(container_identity) staffs = models.ForeignKey(staff_name) goods_details = models.ForeignKey(departments) balance = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) What i want to accomplish is check if the staff have made entry to the table before if yes add the value for the stock in plus (last) balance field and assign to balance if no just assign stock in value to balance field and save these are my codes These are my codes: try: s = staffname.staffs_set.all().order_by("-date").latest() # staffname is the instant of the class model staff_name e = s.staffs_set.create(stockin=vdataz,balance=s.balance + vdataz ) # e is the instant of the class model inventory_transaction e.save e.staffs.add(s) e.from_container.add(containersno) e.goods_details.add(department) except ObjectDoesNotExist: e = staff_name.objects.create(stockin=vdataz,balance=vdataz ) e.save e.staffs.add(staffname) e.from_container.add(containersno) e.goods_details.add(department) I will really appreciate a solution Thanks I hope it make more sense now. iam on online if you need more explanation just ask in the comment.Thank you for your help

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• SQLAuthority News – Community Tech Days – A SQL Legends in Ahmedabad – December 11, 2010

  - by pinaldave

  Ahmedabad is going to be fortunate city again on December 11. We are going to have SQL Server Legends present at the prestigious event of Community Tech Days in Ahmedabad. The venue details are as following: H K Hall, H K College Campus, Near Handloom House, Opp. Natraj Cinema, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380009 Click here to Registration for the event. Agenda of the event is as following. 10:15am – 10:30am     Welcome – Pinal Dave 10:30am – 11:15am     SQL Tips and Tricks for .NET Developers by Jacob Sebastian 11:15am – 11:30am     Tea Break 11:30am – 12:15pm     Best Database Practice for SharePoint Server by Pinal Dave 12:15pm – 01:00pm     Self Service Business Intelligence by Rushabh Mehta 01:00pm – 02:00pm     Lunch 02:00pm – 02:45pm     Managing your future, Managing your time by Vinod Kumar 02:45pm – 03:30pm     Windows Azure News and Introducing Storage Services by Mahesh Devjibhai Dhola 03:30pm – 03:45pm     Tea Break 03:45pm – 04:30pm     Improve Silverlight application with Threads and MEF by Prabhjot Singh Bakshi 04:30pm – 04:45pm     Thank you – Mahesh Devjibhai Dhola Ahmedabad considers itself extremely fortunate when there are SQL Legends presenting on various subjects in front of community. Here is brief introduction about them in my own words. (Their names are in order of the agenda). 1) Jacob Sebastian (SQL Server MVP) – This person needs no introduction. Every developer and programmer in Ahmedabad and India knows him. He is the one man who is founder of various community-related ideas like SQL Challenges, SQL Quiz and BeyondRelational. He works with me on all the community-related activities; we are extremely good friends. 2) Rushabh Mehta (SQL Server MVP) – If you use SQL Server – you know this man. He is the President of SQL Server of Professional Association (PASS) and one of the leading Business Intelligence (BI) Experts renowned in the world. He has blessed Ahmedabad once before and now doing once again this year. 3) Vinod Kumar (Microsoft Evangelist – SQL Server & BI) – Ahmedabad remembers him very well. During his last visit to Ahmedabad, a fight had almost broke outside the hall amidst the rush to listen him. There were more people standing and listening to him than those who were seated. This is one man Ahmedabad will never forget. 4) and Myself. I will not rate myself in the league of abovementioned experts, but I must say that I am fortunate to have friends like those above. We also have two strong .NET presenters – Mahesh and Prabhjot. During this event, there will be plenty of giveaways, lots of fun, demos and pure technical talk, specifically no marketing and promotion – just pure technical talk. The most interesting part is that all the SQL Legends – Jacob, Rushabh and Vinod are for sure presenting on SQL Server but with a twist. Jacob – He is going to talk about .NET and SQL – Optimization Techniques Rushabh – He is going to talk about SQL and BI – Self Service BI Vinod – He is going to talk about professional development of developers – Managing Time Pinal – Best Practices for SharePoint Database Administrators – SharePoint DBA – I have presented this session earlier. I promise this event is going to be one of the best events held ever. You can read about the earlier event over here. ?Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: About Me, MVP, Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology

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• SQLAuthority Guest Post – Lessons from Life and Work by Srini Chandra (Author of 3 Lives, in search of bliss)

  - by pinaldave

  Work and life are confusing terms together. How can one consider work outside of life. Work should be part of life or are we considering ourselves dead when we are at work. I have often seen developers and DBA complaining and confused about their job, work and life. Complaining is easy and everyone can do. I have heard quite often expression – “I do not have any other option.” I requested Srini Chanda (renowned author of Amazon Best Seller 3 Lives, in search of bliss (Amazon | Flipkart) to write a guest post on this subject which developer can read and appreciate. Let us see Srini’s thoughts in his own words. Each of us who works in the technology industry carries an especially heavy burden nowadays. For, fate has placed in our hands an awesome power to shape our society and its consciousness. For that reason, we must pay more and more attention to issues of professionalism, social responsibility and ethics. Equally importantly, the responsibility lies in our hands to ensure that we view our work and career as an opportunity to enlighten and lift ourselves up. Story: A Prisoner, 20 years and a Wheel Many years ago, I heard this story from a professor when I was a student at Carnegie Mellon. A man was sentenced to 20 years in prison. During his time in prison, he was asked to turn a wheel every day. So, every day he turned the wheel. At times, when he was tired or puzzled and stopped turning the wheel, he would be flogged with a whip. The man did not know anything about the wheel other than that it was placed outside his jail somewhere. He wondered if the wheel crushed corn or if it ground wheat or something similar. He wondered if turning the wheel was useful to anyone. At the end of his jail term, he rushed out to see what the wheel was doing. To his disappointment, he found that the wheel was not connected to anything. All these years, he had been toiling for nothing. He gave a loud, frustrated shout and dropped dead. How many of us are turning wheels wondering what it is connected to? How many of us have unstated, uncaring attitudes towards our careers? How many of us view work as drudgery, as no more than a way to earn that next paycheck? How many of us have wondered about the spiritually uplifting aspect of work? Can a workforce that views work as merely a chore, be ethical? Can it produce truly life enhancing technology? Can it make positive contributions to the quality of life of a society? I think not. Thanks to Pinal and you, his readers, for giving me this opportunity to share my thoughts in a series of guest posts. I’d like to present a few ways over the next few weeks, in which we can tap into the liberating potential of work and make our lives better in the process. Now, please allow me to tell you another version of the story that the good professor shared with us in the classroom that day. Story: A Prisoner, 20 years, a Wheel and the LIFE A man was sentenced to 20 years in prison. During his time in prison, he was asked to turn a wheel every day. So, every day he turned the wheel. At first, his whole body and mind rebelled against his predicament. So, his limbs grew weary and his mind became numb and confused. And then, his self-awareness began to grow. He began to wonder how he came to be in the prison in the first place. He looked around and saw all his fellow prisoners also turning the wheel. His wife, his parents, his friends and his children – they were all in the prison too, and turning their own wheels! He began to wonder how this came about. As he wondered more and more, he began to focus less on his physical drudgery and boredom. And he began to clearly see his inner spirit which guided him in ways that allowed him to see the world with a universal view. His inner spirit guided him towards the source of eternal wisdom and happiness. He began to see the source of happiness in everything around him – his prison bound relationships, even his jailers and in his wheel. He became a source of light to those around him. His wheel jokes and humor infected them with joy and happiness. Finally, the day came for his release from jail. He walked calmly outside the jail and laughed aloud when he saw that the wheel was not connected to anything. He knelt down, kissed it and thanked it for the wisdom it taught him. Life is the prison. The wheel is your work. Both are sacred. Both have enormous powers to teach us wisdom and bring us happiness. Whether we allow them to do so, is a choice we have to make. Over the next few weeks, I hope to share with you a few lessons that I have learnt at the wheel in my two decades of my career (prison). Thank you for reading, and do let me know what you think. Reference: Srini Chandra (3 Lives, in search of bliss), Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Book Review, T SQL, Technology

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• Automating custom software installation in a zone

  - by mgerdts

  In Solaris 11, the internals of zone installation are quite different than they were in Solaris 10.  This difference allows the administrator far greater control of what software is installed in a zone.  The rules in Solaris 10 are simple and inflexible: if it is installed in the global zone and is not specifically excluded by package metadata from being installed in a zone, it is installed in the zone.  In Solaris 11, the rules are still simple, but are much more flexible:  the packages you tell it to install and the packages on which they depend will be installed. So, where does the default list of packages come from?  From the AI (auto installer) manifest, of course.  The default AI manifest is /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml.  Within that file you will find:             <software_data action="install">                 <name>pkg:/group/system/solaris-small-server</name>             </software_data> So, the default installation will install pkg:/group/system/solaris-small-server.  Cool.  What is that?  You can figure out what is in the package by looking for it in the repository with your web browser (click the manifest link), or use pkg(1).  In this case, it is a group package (pkg:/group/), so we know that it just has a bunch of dependencies to name the packages that really wants installed. $ pkg contents -t depend -o fmri -s fmri -r solaris-small-server FMRI compress/bzip2 compress/gzip compress/p7zip ... terminal/luit terminal/resize text/doctools text/doctools/ja text/less text/spelling-utilities web/wget If you would like to see the entire manifest from the command line, use pkg contents -r -m solaris-small-server. Let's suppose that you want to install a zone that also has mercurial and a full-fledged installation of vim rather than just the minimal vim-core that is part of solaris-small-server.  That's pretty easy. First, copy the default AI manifest somewhere where you will edit it and make it writable. # cp /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml ~/myzone-ai.xml # chmod 644 ~/myzone-ai.xml Next, edit the file, changing the software_data section as follows:             <software_data action="install">                 <name>pkg:/group/system/solaris-small-server</name>                 <name>pkg:/developer/versioning/mercurial</name>                <name>pkg:/editor/vim</name>             </software_data> To figure out  the names of the packages, either search the repository using your browser, or use a command like pkg search hg. Now we are all ready to install the zone.  If it has not yet been configured, that must be done as well. # zonecfg -z myzone 'create; set zonepath=/zones/myzone' # zoneadm -z myzone install -m ~/myzone-ai.xml A ZFS file system has been created for this zone. Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20111113T004303Z.myzone.install Image: Preparing at /zones/myzone/root. Install Log: /system/volatile/install.15496/install_log AI Manifest: /tmp/manifest.xml.XfaWpE SC Profile: /usr/share/auto_install/sc_profiles/enable_sci.xml Zonename: myzone Installation: Starting ... Creating IPS image Installing packages from: solaris origin: http://localhost:1008/solaris/54453f3545de891d4daa841ddb3c844fe8804f55/ DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 169/169 34047/34047 185.6/185.6 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 46498/46498 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 169/169 Image State Update Phase 2/2 Installation: Succeeded Note: Man pages can be obtained by installing pkg:/system/manual done. Done: Installation completed in 531.813 seconds. Next Steps: Boot the zone, then log into the zone console (zlogin -C) to complete the configuration process. Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/myzone/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20111113T004303Z.myzone.install Now, for a few things that I've seen people trip over: Ignore that bit about man pages - it's wrong.  Man pages are already installed so long as the right facet is set properly.  And that's a topic for another blog entry. If you boot the zone then just use zlogin myzone, you will see that services you care about haven't started and that svc:/milestone/config:default is starting.  That is because you have not yet logged into the console with zlogin -C myzone. If the zone has been booted for more than a very short while when you first connect to the zone console, it will seem like the console is hung.  That's not really the case - hit ^L (control-L) to refresh the sysconfig(1M) screen that is prompting you for information.

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• Lesi, from Graduate Trainee to Territory Manager

  - by Maria Sandu

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 It’s the final year, University is now coming to an end. A new chapter now awaits my arrival. This part of my life is called “Looking for a Job”. With no form of experience whatsoever, getting a job at a well renowned IT company is something that every IT student dreams about. CV: v, Application form: v, interviews: v. Acceptance Call, “Lesi I’m pleased to inform you that you have been accepted to be part of the Oracle Graduate Program for 2012”. Life would never again be the same. Being Part of the Graduate Program Going into the Graduate program, I felt like a baby seeing candy for the first time. The Program gave me the platform to not only break in to the workplace but also to help launch my career. Over the next 3 months, I went through various trainings / workshops / events / coaching / mentorship sessions. Like a construction worker building a solid foundation for a beautifully designed architecture, a clear path to build my career was set. With training out the way, it was now time to start working closely with my team. For the rest of the year, it was all about selling. Sales, Pipeline, Forecasting and numbers soon became the common words in my career. As the saying goes, “once a sales man, always a sales man”. There was no turning back now, a career in sales was the new hustle in my life. I worked closely with my mentor & coach (Ibrahim) who was heading up Zambia and Malawi. This was to be one of my best moments in the program as I started engaging with customers and getting some hands on experience in the field. By the end of the program all the experience, hard work, training and resources came in handy as I was now ready and fully groomed to be a sales rep. Life after the Graduate Program I’m proud to say that now I’m a Territory Manager, heading up Malawi, selling Technology, Middleware & Applications across all industries. I’m part of the Transition Cluster Team, a powerful team headed by the seasoned Senior Director. As a Territory Manager my role is to push for coverage, to penetrate the market by selling Oracle from end- to- end to all accounts in Malawi. I now spend my days living out of a suitcase, moving from hotel to hotel, chasing after business in all areas of Malawi. It’s the life of a Sales Man and I’m enjoying every minute of it. I’m truly fortunate and grateful to have been part of such a wonderful graduate program. I owe my Sales career to the graduate program, and I truly hope that the program will continue to develop and to groom new talent amongst the youth of this world. If you're interested in joining the Graduate Program in South Africa keep an eye on our CampusatOracle Facebook Page page to get the latest updates! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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• FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel

  - by SaveTheRbtz

  I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctl.conf/loader.conf/KENCONF. It was initially based on Igor Sysoev's (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Tunings are for FreeBSD-CURRENT. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. sysctl.conf: # No zero mapping feature # May break wine # (There are also reports about broken samba3) #security.bsd.map_at_zero=0 # If you have really busy webserver with apache13 you may run out of processes #kern.maxproc=10000 # Same for servers with apache2 / Pound #kern.threads.max_threads_per_proc=4096 # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Can cause this on older kernels: # http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=10485760 # Mbuf 2k clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 25600 is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G kern.ipc.nmbclusters=262144 # Jumbo pagesize(_SC_PAGESIZE) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=262144 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=65536 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=32768 # For lower latency you can decrease scheduler's maximum time slice # default: stathz/10 (~ 13) #kern.sched.slice=1 # Increase max command-line length showed in `ps` (e.g for Tomcat/Java) # Default is PAGE_SIZE / 16 or 256 on x86 # This avoids commands to be presented as [executable] in `ps` # For more info see: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=120749 kern.ps_arg_cache_limit=4096 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # On some systems HPET is almost 2 times faster than default ACPI-fast # Useful on systems with lots of clock_gettime / gettimeofday calls # See http://old.nabble.com/ACPI-fast-default-timecounter,-but-HPET-83--faster-td23248172.html # After revision 222222 HPET became default: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=222222 kern.timecounter.hardware=HPET # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65535 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65535 # Turn off receive autotuning # You can play with it. #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=0 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) # Also timestamp field is useful when using syncookies net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on high-speed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) # If you set it there is no need in TCP_NODELAY sockopt (see man tcp) net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) # This sysctl was removed in 10-CURRENT: # See: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg06178.html #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # TCP slowstart algorithm tunings # We assuming we have very fast clients #net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=100 #net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=100 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't checked it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # # stops route cache degregation during a high-bandwidth flood # http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/securing-freebsd.html #net.inet.ip.rtexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtminexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache=1024 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # # There is also good example of sysctl.conf with comments: # http://www.thern.org/projects/sysctl.conf # # icmp may NOT rst, helpful for those pesky spoofed # icmp/udp floods that end up taking up your outgoing # bandwidth/ifqueue due to all that outgoing RST traffic. # #net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst=0 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # IPv6 Security # For more info see http://www.fosslc.org/drupal/content/security-implications-ipv6 # Disable Node info replies # To see this vulnerability in action run `ping6 -a sglAac ::1` or `ping6 -w ::1` on unprotected node net.inet6.icmp6.nodeinfo=0 # Turn on IPv6 privacy extensions # For more info see proposal http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/net/2008-06/msg00103.html net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr=1 net.inet6.ip6.prefer_tempaddr=1 # Disable ICMP redirect net.inet6.icmp6.rediraccept=0 # Disable acceptation of RA and auto linklocal generation if you don't use them #net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0 #net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal=0 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds # (default: 30000. RFC from 1979 recommends 120000) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=200000 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becomes lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Note from commit http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head@211031 : # For systems with RAID volumes and/or virtualization envirnments, where # read performance is very important, increasing this sysctl tunable to 32 # or even more will demonstratively yield additional performance benefits. vfs.read_max=32 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 # ZFS # Enable prefetch. Useful for sequential load type i.e fileserver. # FreeBSD sets vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable to 1 on any i386 systems and # on any amd64 systems with less than 4GB of avaiable memory # For additional info check this nabble thread http://old.nabble.com/Samba-read-speed-performance-tuning-td27964534.html #vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0 # On highload servers you may notice following message in dmesg: # "Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the # vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max tunable" vm.pmap.shpgperproc=2048 loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Useful when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Linux specific devices in /dev # As for 8.1 it only /dev/full #lindev_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load="YES" #siis_load="YES" # FreeBSD 8.2+ # New Congestion Control for FreeBSD # http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools/cc_chd-readme-0.1.txt # http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/78/slides/iccrg-5.pdf # Initial merge commit message http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31410.html #cc_chd_load="YES" # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # If your server has lots of swap (>4Gb) you should increase following value # according to http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-October/029616.html # Otherwise you'll be getting errors # "kernel: swap zone exhausted, increase kern.maxswzone" # kern.maxswzone="256M" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 10% of mem) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # FreeBSD 9+ # HPET "legacy route" support. It should allow HPET to work per-CPU # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg03603.html #hint.atrtc.0.clock=0 #hint.attimer.0.clock=0 #hint.hpet.0.legacy_route=1 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=512 net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit=65536 # Increased hostcache # Later host cache can be viewed via net.inet.tcp.hostcache.list hidden sysctl # Very useful for it's RTT RTTVAR # Must be power of two net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize=65536 # hashsize * bucketlimit (which is 30 by default) # It allocates 255Mb (1966080*136) of RAM net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit=1966080 # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Disable ipfw deny all # Should be uncommented when there is a chance that # kernel and ipfw binary may be out-of sync on next reboot #net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=1 # # SIFTR (Statistical Information For TCP Research) is a kernel module that # logs a range of statistics on active TCP connections to a log file. # See prerelease notes http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.freebsd.current/browse_thread/thread/b4c18be6cdce76e4 # and man 4 sitfr #siftr_load="YES" # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em/igb drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg # sysctl dev.em.0.debug=1 ; dmesg # Also after r209242 (-CURRENT) there is a separate sysctl for each stat variable; # Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.maxthreads=4 #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # # FreeBSD 9.x+ # Increase interface send queue length # See commit message http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=207554 #net.link.ifqmaxlen=1024 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is KERNCONF: # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU >= 4k # This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets # Also this epic thread on kernel trap: # http://kerneltrap.org/node/6506 # Here Linus says that "anybody that does it that way (FreeBSD) is totally incompetent" #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE # There was stackoverflow found in KAME IPSec stack: # See http://secunia.com/advisories/43995/ # For quick workaround you can use `ipfw add deny proto ipcomp` options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL # On 8.1+ you can disable verbose to see blocked packets on ipfw0 interface. # Also there is no point in compiling verbose into the kernel, because # now there is net.inet.ip.fw.verbose tunable. #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron device amdtemp # Same for Intel processors device coretemp # man 4 cpuctl device cpuctl # CPU control pseudo-device # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # Debug & DTrace options KDB # Kernel debugger related code options KDB_TRACE # Print a stack trace for a panic options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only(?) options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks #options DDB #options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (8.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 # FreeBSD 8.1+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html # (FYI: "resolution" is panic so use with caution) #options DEADLKRES # Increase maximum size of Raw I/O and sendfile(2) readahead #options MAXPHYS=(1024*1024) #options MAXBSIZE=(1024*1024) # For scheduler debug enable following option. # Debug will be available via `kern.sched.stats` sysctl # For more information see http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/conf/NOTES?view=markup #options SCHED_STATS If you are tuning network for maximum performance you may wish to play with ifconfig options like: # You can list all capabilities via `ifconfig -m` ifconfig [-]rxcsum [-]txcsum [-]tso [-]lro mtu In case you've enabled DDB in kernel config, you should edit your /etc/ddb.conf and add something like this to enable automatic reboot (and textdump as bonus): script kdb.enter.panic=textdump set; capture on; show pcpu; bt; ps; alltrace; capture off; call doadump; reset script kdb.enter.default=textdump set; capture on; bt; ps; capture off; call doadump; reset And do not forget to add ddb_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf Since FreeBSD 9 you can select to enable/disable flowcontrol on your NIC: # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control and # http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg07927.html for additional info ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. FreeBSD WIP * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 7? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 8? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 9? So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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