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• What can I do to prevent my user folder from being tampered with by malicious software?

  - by Tom Wijsman

  Let's assume some things: Back-ups do run every X minutes, yet the things I save should be permanent. There's a firewall and virus scanner in place, yet there happens to be a zero day attack on me. I am using Windows. (Although feel free to append Linux / OS X parts to your answer) Here is the problem Any software can change anything inside my user folder. Tampering with the files could cost me my life, whether it's accessing / modifying or wiping them. So, what I want to ask is: Is there a permission-based way to disallow programs from accessing my files in any way by default? Extending on the previous question, can I ensure certain programs can only access certain folders? Are there other less obtrusive ways than using Comodo? Or can I make Comodo less obtrusive? For example, the solution should be proof against (DO NOT RUN): del /F /S /Q %USERPROFILE%

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• Bacula & Multiple Tape Devices, and so on

  - by Tom O'Connor

  Bacula won't make use of 2 tape devices simultaneously. (Search for #-#-# for the TL;DR) A little background, perhaps. In the process of trying to get a decent working backup solution (backing up 20TB ain't cheap, or easy) at $dayjob, we bought a bunch of things to make it work. Firstly, there's a Spectra Logic T50e autochanger, 40 slots of LTO5 goodness, and that robot's got a pair of IBM HH5 Ultrium LTO5 drives, connected via FibreChannel Arbitrated Loop to our backup server. There's the backup server.. A Dell R715 with 2x 16 core AMD 62xx CPUs, and 32GB of RAM. Yummy. That server's got 2 Emulex FCe-12000E cards, and an Intel X520-SR dual port 10GE NIC. We were also sold Commvault Backup (non-NDMP). Here's where it gets really complicated. Spectra Logic and Commvault both sent respective engineers, who set up the library and the software. Commvault was running fine, in so far as the controller was working fine. The Dell server has Ubuntu 12.04 server, and runs the MediaAgent for CommVault, and mounts our BlueArc NAS as NFS to a few mountpoints, like /home, and some stuff in /mnt. When backing up from the NFS mountpoints, we were seeing ~= 290GB/hr throughput. That's CRAP, considering we've got 20-odd TB to get through, in a <48 hour backup window. The rated maximum on the BlueArc is 700MB/s (2460GB/hr), the rated maximum write speed on the tape devices is 140MB/s, per drive, so that's 492GB/hr (or double it, for the total throughput). So, the next step was to benchmark NFS performance with IOzone, and it turns out that we get epic write performance (across 20 threads), and it's like 1.5-2.5TB/hr write, but read performance is fecking hopeless. I couldn't ever get higher than 343GB/hr maximum. So let's assume that the 343GB/hr is a theoretical maximum for read performance on the NAS, then we should in theory be able to get that performance out of a) CommVault, and b) any other backup agent. Not the case. Commvault seems to only ever give me 200-250GB/hr throughput, and out of experimentation, I installed Bacula to see what the state of play there is. If, for example, Bacula gave consistently better performance and speeds than Commvault, then we'd be able to say "**$.$ Refunds Plz $.$**" #-#-# Alas, I found a different problem with Bacula. Commvault seems pretty happy to read from one part of the mountpoint with one thread, and stream that to a Tape device, whilst reading from some other directory with the other thread, and writing to the 2nd drive in the autochanger. I can't for the life of me get Bacula to mount and write to two tape drives simultaneously. Things I've tried: Setting Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 in the Director, File and Storage Daemons Setting Prefer Mounted Volumes = no in the Job Definition Setting multiple devices in the Autochanger resource. Documentation seems to be very single-drive centric, and we feel a little like we've strapped a rocket to a hamster, with this one. The majority of example Bacula configurations are for DDS4 drives, manual tape swapping, and FreeBSD or IRIX systems. I should probably add that I'm not too bothered if this isn't possible, but I'd be surprised. I basically want to use Bacula as proof to stick it to the software vendors that they're overpriced ;) I read somewhere that @KyleBrandt has done something similar with a modern Tape solution.. Configuration Files: *bacula-dir.conf* # # Default Bacula Director Configuration file Director { # define myself Name = backuphost-1-dir DIRport = 9101 # where we listen for UA connections QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/scripts/query.sql" WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" PidDirectory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 Password = "yourekiddingright" # Console password Messages = Daemon DirAddress = 0.0.0.0 #DirAddress = 127.0.0.1 } JobDefs { Name = "DefaultFileJob" Type = Backup Level = Incremental Client = backuphost-1-fd FileSet = "Full Set" Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" Storage = File Messages = Standard Pool = File Priority = 10 Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr" } JobDefs { Name = "DefaultTapeJob" Type = Backup Level = Incremental Client = backuphost-1-fd FileSet = "Full Set" Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" Storage = "SpectraLogic" Messages = Standard Pool = AllTapes Priority = 10 Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr" Prefer Mounted Volumes = no } # # Define the main nightly save backup job # By default, this job will back up to disk in /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir Job { Name = "BackupClient1" JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob" } Job { Name = "BackupThisVolume" JobDefs = "DefaultTapeJob" FileSet = "SpecialVolume" } #Job { # Name = "BackupClient2" # Client = backuphost-12-fd # JobDefs = "DefaultJob" #} # Backup the catalog database (after the nightly save) Job { Name = "BackupCatalog" JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob" Level = Full FileSet="Catalog" Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" # This creates an ASCII copy of the catalog # Arguments to make_catalog_backup.pl are: # make_catalog_backup.pl <catalog-name> RunBeforeJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/make_catalog_backup.pl MyCatalog" # This deletes the copy of the catalog RunAfterJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/delete_catalog_backup" Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%n.bsr" Priority = 11 # run after main backup } # # Standard Restore template, to be changed by Console program # Only one such job is needed for all Jobs/Clients/Storage ... # Job { Name = "RestoreFiles" Type = Restore Client=backuphost-1-fd FileSet="Full Set" Storage = File Pool = Default Messages = Standard Where = /srv/bacula/restore } FileSet { Name = "SpecialVolume" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = /mnt/SpecialVolume } Exclude { File = /var/lib/bacula File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir File = /proc File = /tmp File = /.journal File = /.fsck } } # List of files to be backed up FileSet { Name = "Full Set" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = /usr/sbin } Exclude { File = /var/lib/bacula File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir File = /proc File = /tmp File = /.journal File = /.fsck } } Schedule { Name = "WeeklyCycle" Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05 Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05 Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05 } # This schedule does the catalog. It starts after the WeeklyCycle Schedule { Name = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" Run = Full sun-sat at 23:10 } # This is the backup of the catalog FileSet { Name = "Catalog" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = "/var/lib/bacula/bacula.sql" } } # Client (File Services) to backup Client { Name = backuphost-1-fd Address = localhost FDPort = 9102 Catalog = MyCatalog Password = "surelyyourejoking" # password for FileDaemon File Retention = 30 days # 30 days Job Retention = 6 months # six months AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files } # # Second Client (File Services) to backup # You should change Name, Address, and Password before using # #Client { # Name = backuphost-12-fd # Address = localhost2 # FDPort = 9102 # Catalog = MyCatalog # Password = "i'mnotjokinganddontcallmeshirley" # password for FileDaemon 2 # File Retention = 30 days # 30 days # Job Retention = 6 months # six months # AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files #} # Definition of file storage device Storage { Name = File # Do not use "localhost" here Address = localhost # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here SDPort = 9103 Password = "lalalalala" Device = FileStorage Media Type = File } Storage { Name = "SpectraLogic" Address = localhost SDPort = 9103 Password = "linkedinmakethebestpasswords" Device = Drive-1 Device = Drive-2 Media Type = LTO5 Autochanger = yes } # Generic catalog service Catalog { Name = MyCatalog # Uncomment the following line if you want the dbi driver # dbdriver = "dbi:sqlite3"; dbaddress = 127.0.0.1; dbport = dbname = "bacula"; DB Address = ""; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = "bbmaster63" } # Reasonable message delivery -- send most everything to email address # and to the console Messages { Name = Standard mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r" operatorcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r" mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped operator = root@localhost = mount console = all, !skipped, !saved # # WARNING! the following will create a file that you must cycle from # time to time as it will grow indefinitely. However, it will # also keep all your messages if they scroll off the console. # append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped catalog = all } # # Message delivery for daemon messages (no job). Messages { Name = Daemon mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r" mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped console = all, !skipped, !saved append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped } # Default pool definition Pool { Name = Default Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 365 days # one year } # File Pool definition Pool { Name = File Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 365 days # one year Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G # Limit Volume size to something reasonable Maximum Volumes = 100 # Limit number of Volumes in Pool } Pool { Name = AllTapes Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 31 days # one Moth } # Scratch pool definition Pool { Name = Scratch Pool Type = Backup } # # Restricted console used by tray-monitor to get the status of the director # Console { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "LastFMalsostorePasswordsLikeThis" CommandACL = status, .status } bacula-sd.conf # # Default Bacula Storage Daemon Configuration file # Storage { # definition of myself Name = backuphost-1-sd SDPort = 9103 # Director's port WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" Pid Directory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 SDAddress = 0.0.0.0 # SDAddress = 127.0.0.1 } # # List Directors who are permitted to contact Storage daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-dir Password = "passwordslinplaintext" } # # Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the # status of the storage daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "totalinsecurityabound" Monitor = yes } Device { Name = FileStorage Media Type = File Archive Device = /srv/bacula/archive LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media Random Access = Yes; AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it RemovableMedia = no; AlwaysOpen = no; } Autochanger { Name = SpectraLogic Device = Drive-1 Device = Drive-2 Changer Command = "/etc/bacula/scripts/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d" Changer Device = /dev/sg4 } Device { Name = Drive-1 Drive Index = 0 Archive Device = /dev/nst0 Changer Device = /dev/sg4 Media Type = LTO5 AutoChanger = yes RemovableMedia = yes; AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RandomAccess = no; LabelMedia = yes } Device { Name = Drive-2 Drive Index = 1 Archive Device = /dev/nst1 Changer Device = /dev/sg4 Media Type = LTO5 AutoChanger = yes RemovableMedia = yes; AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RandomAccess = no; LabelMedia = yes } # # Send all messages to the Director, # mount messages also are sent to the email address # Messages { Name = Standard director = backuphost-1-dir = all } bacula-fd.conf # # Default Bacula File Daemon Configuration file # # # List Directors who are permitted to contact this File daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-dir Password = "hahahahahaha" } # # Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the # status of the file daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "hohohohohho" Monitor = yes } # # "Global" File daemon configuration specifications # FileDaemon { # this is me Name = backuphost-1-fd FDport = 9102 # where we listen for the director WorkingDirectory = /var/lib/bacula Pid Directory = /var/run/bacula Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 #FDAddress = 127.0.0.1 FDAddress = 0.0.0.0 } # Send all messages except skipped files back to Director Messages { Name = Standard director = backuphost-1-dir = all, !skipped, !restored }

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• CentOS running inside VMware as WebServer times out on outside connection

  - by Tom Hart

  I have a CentOS machine running inside VMware, and I have got PHP and Apache set up on it, so if I open a browser (on the VM) and go to either localhost, or 192.168.0.3, I get a phpinfo page I made in /var/www/html/index.php, but, if on the host (Windows 7), in my browser I go to 192.168.0.3, it times out. I can ping the IP address from Windows and get a response, I just can't through the browser. Does anyone have any ideas what I need to do to get this working? This is my first time using a VM and I'm getting lost in the network settings.

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• Coda 2 and SCP uploading files with the wrong permission

  - by Tom Black

  Currently I have a basic Ubuntu server running a website. The website is for a few students learning HTML/PHP and each student has their own account with a symbolic link to the shared website folder. Since the students are working on the website together, each user needs to be able to modify all the files (index.html for example). So I created a Webdev group containing all of the students with the default umask of 0002 set in their .bashrc (This allows newly created files to be 774). The shared folder is owned by the group Webdev with a chmod g+s so that new files/folders also belong to the group Webdev. The problem is that the students are using an IDE (Coda 2) and when they create a new file or folder using the IDE the file has the permissions of 644 on the server (not group writable). However when I make a new file through connecting with Cyberduck (SFTP client) the file permissions are 664 (as they should be). So I don't understand why Coda would be any different. However, after some trial and error I believe that Coda is first creating the file on local disk and then uploading that file to the server. On a mac by default a newly created file is 644. When the client uploads a file that's already 644 it stays 644 on the server side (umask is kind of useless in this situation). I've also tried creating ACL permissions for that folder but an uploaded file from my mac via SCP doesn't get the default ACL permissions. In Coda there is an option to change file permissions on a transfer. However this option seems to apply a chmod to all files being uploaded or saved. When one of students is modifying a file created by someone else when they try to upload the file or save it Coda tries to also do a chmod but fails because that user isn't the owner of the file. My current solution is using bindfs... I mount the shared web folder and bindfs sets permissions and group ownership of newly created files. However, bindfs seems to be a bit slow and I'm sure there is a better solution. Even if the students ditched Coda 2 and used Mac vim with scp the newly created files on the server would behave the same (644) which is default on the mac. Other options... 1) Either I teach the students to use (ssh/chmod) with their IDE to change their own file permissions when uploading. 2) I make all the students' Macs have the default umask of 0002 which would upload files with the right permissions. 3) Write a corn script to fix the file permissions every 5 to 15 minutes... (This option I think is the worst if students are working together at the same time). Is there any way that I could make all files that are uploaded via SCP have the default file permissions of 664 even though the uploaded file has a lower permission? (After hours of searching I don't think this is possible) I guess a corn script is my best option for novice users. How do web developers work together on larger sites? similar to this: http://serverfault.com/questions/283492/how-to-specify-file-permission-when-putting-a-file-using-openssh-sftp-command Also similar: http://serverfault.com/questions/395418/managing-linux-directory-permissions-sftp

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• how to run multiple shell scripts in parallel

  - by tom smith

  I've got a few test scripts, each of which runs a test php app. Each script runs forever. So, cat.sh, dog.sh, and foo.sh, each run a php script, and each shell script runs the php app in a loop, so it runs forever, sleeping after each run. I'm trying to figure out how to run the scripts in parallel, and at the same time, see the output of the php apps in the stdout/term window. I thought, simply doing something like foo.sh > &2 dog.sh > &2 cat.sh > &2 in a shell script would be sufficient, but it's not working. foo.sh, runs foo.php once, and it runs correctly dog.sh, runs dog.php in a never ending loop. it runs as expected cat.sh, runs cat.php in a never ending loop *** this never runs!!! it appears that the shell script never gets to run cat.sh. if i run cat.sh by itself in a separate window/term, it runs as expected... thoughts/comments

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• Apache doesn't immediately notice a change in the document root

  - by Tom

  We use capistrano for website deployments and our Apache document root is a symlink to a particular code release. The deployment procedure switches the symlink from the old release to the new release as the final step of the deployment. We are migrating our webservers from real servers running RHEL 5.6 to Amazon EC2 virtual machines running Ubuntu 11.10 and the new servers are suffering from a problem where Apache doesn't immediately notice the change to it's document root when the symlink is switched. It can take a second or so (and I think I've even seen it take a couple of minutes). It's kind of like Apache has cached the physical path of the symlink for some time. Does anyone know some Apache settings I could look at to get it to "scan" for changes to it's served files quicker. Thoughts: I read that the disks on virtual machines are much slower (since they are network attached storage). Perhaps the filesystem cache somehow works differently too? If so, is there anything that can be done? The website runs PHP code. Perhaps there is some PHP config differences between RHEL and Ubuntu? I checked realpath_cache_ttl but both servers have it commented out: e.g. ; Duration of time, in seconds for which to cache realpath information for a given ; file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing this ; value. ; http://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.realpath-cache-ttl ;realpath_cache_ttl = 120 We do use the APC opcode cache but don't think it's the issue due to experimentation. The PHP code is in different file paths for each deployment and we ensure stat=1. Here is a similar question that is very interesting: 294107 - but doesn't provide an answer for me. One solution would be to reload Apache everytime we modify the document root symlink. I'll do this if we can't find another solution.

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• On a failing hard drive, I am able to view data but unable to copy it - why?

  - by Tom

  I have a 2.5" external hard drive that is failing. It's not making the expected 'clicking' noise that most hard drives and I am able to view the data, but I am unable to actually retrieve the data. I attempted to use SpinRite in order to access the data on the drive, but it didn't like the external drive. When I view the drive's property page, the drive shows that it's used space is at 100% and that it has 0 bytes available; however, the progress indicator under the drive icon in Windows Explorer shows that it's roughly 50% full (which is correct). When I attempt to run Windows' "Error Checking" tool and attempt to "scan for an attempt recovery of bad sectors," the tool begins to run then immediately closes with no error message. I am able to browse the contents of the drive using Windows Explorer. When I begin to try copying any given single file, the copy process begins, an indicator starts, and then the copy fails with no real error message. The Disk Management page in Computer Management under Control Panel also shows this drive has being 'Healthy.' I dropped the drive off at a data recovery store and they said that "The data seems to be intact, but an internal failure is preventing any information from being retrieved." They offered to provide me references to a data recovery specialist. I've also attempted to run CHKDSK on the drive (with and without arguments) but it returns the following error: The type of the filesystem is RAW. CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives. Before going the route of more expensive data recovery, I'm wondering if these symptoms sound familiar to anyone? Other questions... I'm willing to continue trying tools such as TestDisk and/or PhotoRec (as the majority of the data that I'd like to salvage are photos) but how long I should expect either tool to run given approximately 400GB of data? I'm also comfortable using Linux so I welcome any suggestions for utilities or tools and strategies with which you've had success.

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• HP to Cisco spanning tree root flapping

  - by Tim Brigham

  Per a recent question I recently configured both my HP (2x 2900) and Cisco (1x 3750) hardware to use MSTP for interoperability. I thought this was functional until I applied the change to the third device (HP switch 1 below) at which time the spanning tree root started flapping causing performance issues (5% packet loss) between my two HP switches. I'm not sure why. HP Switch 1 A4 connected to Cisco 1/0/1. HP Switch 2 B2 connected to Cisco 2/0/1. HP Switch 1 A2 connected to HP Switch 2 A1. I'd prefer the Cisco stack to act as the root. EDIT: There is one specific line - 'spanning-tree 1 path-cost 500000' in the HP switch 2 that I didn't add and was preexisting. I'm not sure if it could have the kind of impact that I'm describing. I'm more a security and monitoring guy then networking. EDIT 2: I'm starting to believe the problem lies in the fact that the value for my MST 0 instance on the Cisco is still at the default 32768. I worked up a diagram: This is based on every show command I could find for STP. I'll make this change after hours and see if it helps. Cisco 3750 Config: version 12.2 spanning-tree mode mst spanning-tree extend system-id spanning-tree mst configuration name mstp revision 1 instance 1 vlan 1, 40, 70, 100, 250 spanning-tree mst 1 priority 0 vlan internal allocation policy ascending interface TenGigabitEthernet1/1/1 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk ! interface TenGigabitEthernet2/1/1 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk ! interface Vlan1 no ip address ! interface Vlan100 ip address 192.168.100.253 255.255.255.0 ! Cisco 3750 show spanning tree: show spanning-tree MST0 Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp Root ID Priority 32768 Address 0004.ea84.5f80 Cost 200000 Port 53 (TenGigabitEthernet1/1/1) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32768 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 0) Address a44c.11a6.7c80 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Te1/1/1 Root FWD 2000 128.53 P2p MST1 Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp Root ID Priority 1 Address a44c.11a6.7c80 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 1 (priority 0 sys-id-ext 1) Address a44c.11a6.7c80 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Te1/1/1 Desg FWD 2000 128.53 P2p Cisco 3750 show logging: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan100, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan100, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up HP Switch 1: ; J9049A Configuration Editor; Created on release #T.13.71 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1-8,10,13-16,18-23,A1-A4 ip address 100.100.100.17 255.255.255.0 no untagged 9,11-12,17,24 exit vlan 100 name "192.168.100" untagged 9,11-12,17,24 tagged 1-8,10,13-16,18-23,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 21 name "Users_2" tagged 1,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 40 name "Cafe" tagged 1,4,7,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 250 name "Firewall" tagged 1,4,7,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 70 name "DMZ" tagged 1,4,7-8,13,A1-A4 no ip address exit spanning-tree spanning-tree config-name "mstp" spanning-tree config-revision 1 spanning-tree instance 1 vlan 1 40 70 100 250 password manager password operator HP Switch 1 show spanning tree: show spanning-tree Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information STP Enabled : Yes Force Version : MSTP-operation IST Mapped VLANs : 2-39,41-69,71-99,101-249,251-4094 Switch MAC Address : 0021f7-126580 Switch Priority : 32768 Max Age : 20 Max Hops : 20 Forward Delay : 15 Topology Change Count : 363,490 Time Since Last Change : 14 hours CST Root MAC Address : 0004ea-845f80 CST Root Priority : 32768 CST Root Path Cost : 200000 CST Root Port : 1 IST Regional Root MAC Address : 0021f7-126580 IST Regional Root Priority : 32768 IST Regional Root Path Cost : 0 IST Remaining Hops : 20 Root Guard Ports : TCN Guard Ports : BPDU Protected Ports : BPDU Filtered Ports : PVST Protected Ports : PVST Filtered Ports : | Prio | Designated Hello Port Type | Cost rity State | Bridge Time PtP Edge ----- --------- + --------- ---- ---------- + ------------- ---- --- ---- A1 | Auto 128 Disabled | A2 10GbE-CX4 | 2000 128 Forwarding | 0021f7-126580 2 Yes No A3 10GbE-CX4 | Auto 128 Disabled | A4 10GbE-SR | Auto 128 Disabled | HP Switch 1 Logging: I removed the date / time fields since they are inaccurate (no NTP configured on these switches) 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 0:a44c11-a67c80 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 0:a44c11-a67c80 00842 stp: MSTI 1 starved for an MSTI Msg Rx on port A4 from 0:a44c11-a67c80 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 0:a44c11-a67c80 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 0:a44c11-a67c80 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 0:a44c11-a67c80 to ... HP Switch 2 Configuration: ; J9146A Configuration Editor; Created on release #W.14.49 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1,3-17,21-24,A1-A2,B2 ip address 100.100.100.36 255.255.255.0 no untagged 2,18-20,B1 exit vlan 100 name "192.168.100" untagged 2,18-20 tagged 1,3-17,21-24,A1-A2,B1-B2 no ip address exit vlan 21 name "Users_2" tagged 1,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit vlan 40 name "Cafe" tagged 1,13-14,16,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit vlan 250 name "Firewall" tagged 1,13-14,16,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit vlan 70 name "DMZ" tagged 1,13-14,16,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit logging 192.168.100.18 spanning-tree spanning-tree 1 path-cost 500000 spanning-tree config-name "mstp" spanning-tree config-revision 1 spanning-tree instance 1 vlan 1 40 70 100 250 HP Switch 2 Spanning Tree: show spanning-tree Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information STP Enabled : Yes Force Version : MSTP-operation IST Mapped VLANs : 2-39,41-69,71-99,101-249,251-4094 Switch MAC Address : 0024a8-cd6000 Switch Priority : 32768 Max Age : 20 Max Hops : 20 Forward Delay : 15 Topology Change Count : 21,793 Time Since Last Change : 14 hours CST Root MAC Address : 0004ea-845f80 CST Root Priority : 32768 CST Root Path Cost : 200000 CST Root Port : A1 IST Regional Root MAC Address : 0021f7-126580 IST Regional Root Priority : 32768 IST Regional Root Path Cost : 2000 IST Remaining Hops : 19 Root Guard Ports : TCN Guard Ports : BPDU Protected Ports : BPDU Filtered Ports : PVST Protected Ports : PVST Filtered Ports : | Prio | Designated Hello Port Type | Cost rity State | Bridge Time PtP Edge ----- --------- + --------- ---- ---------- + ------------- ---- --- ---- A1 10GbE-CX4 | 2000 128 Forwarding | 0021f7-126580 2 Yes No A2 10GbE-CX4 | Auto 128 Disabled | B1 SFP+SR | 2000 128 Forwarding | 0024a8-cd6000 2 Yes No B2 | Auto 128 Disabled | HP Switch 2 Logging: I removed the date / time fields since they are inaccurate (no NTP configured on these switches) 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 32768:0004ea-845f80 00839 stp: IST Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 32768:0024a8-cd6000 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0004ea-845f80 to 32768:0024a8-cd6000 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0024a8-cd6000 to 32768:0004ea-845f80 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0004ea-845f80 to 32768:0024a8-cd6000 00435 ports: port B1 is Blocked by STP 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0024a8-cd6000 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: IST Root changed from 32768:0024a8-cd6000 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 32768:0004ea-845f80

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• BGP Multihomed/Multi-location best practice

  - by Tom O'Connor

  We're in the process of designing a new iteration of our network where we improve resilliency by adding a second datacentre. We'll be adding a second datacentre, with an identical configuration of servers as our primary location. To achieve network connectivity, we're looking into a couple of possible methods. See earlier questions http://serverfault.com/questions/86736/best-way-to-improve-resilience and http://serverfault.com/questions/101582/dns-round-robin-failover-and-load-balancing I'm pretty convinced that BGP is the right way to go about this, and this question is not about RRDNS. 1) If we have 2 locations, do we announce the same IP address block from both locations? 2) If we did this, but had a management ssh interface on x.x.x.50 from datacentre A, but it was on x.x.x.150 in datacentre B. What is the best practice mechanism for achieving this? Because if I were nearest to A, then all my traffic would go to x.50, but if i attempted to connect to x.150, I'd not be able to connect, because this address wouldn't be valid at A, but only at B. Is the best solution to announce 2 different netblocks, one at each location, facilitating the need for RRDNS, or to announce a single block, and run some form of VPN between the two sites for managment traffic?

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• SQL Server 2008 R2 upgrade fails on upgrade rule check

  - by Tim

  I'm trying to upgrade an evaluation instance of SQL Server 2008 to a fully licensed instance of SQL Server 2008 R2. I made it most of the way through the installer, but I'm getting stopped at the Upgrade Rules page - the SQL Server Analysis Services Upgrade Service Functional Check is failing. The specific error I get: Rule "SQL Server Analysis Services Upgrade Service Functional Check" failed. The current instance of the SQL Server Analysis Services service cannot be upgraded because the Analysis Services service is disabled or not online. Please start the service and then run the upgrade rules check again. Simple enough - just need to start the service. Here's where it gets troublesome. When I open Services and go to start the SQL Server Analysis Services (MSSQLSERVER) service, it provides me the following message: The SQL Server Analysis Services (MSSQLSERVER) service on Local Computer started and then stopped. Some services stop automatically if they are not in use by other services or programs. Trying from the command line as Administrator yields: PS C:\Windows\System32 net start MSSQLServerOLAPService The SQL Server Analysis Services (MSSQLSERVER) service is starting... The SQL Server Analysis Services (MSSQLSERVER) service could not be started. The service did not report an error. More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 3534. I've tried changing the logon setting of this service to Administrator, a user with admin privileges, and both the Local System and Network Service accounts - nothing works. In addition, when I look at the service through the SQL Server Configuration Manager (also run as Administrator), attempting to change the logon setting for the service results in the message: The server threw an exception. [0x80010105] I have no need for analysis services themselves - all I need is for this one service to be running long enough to do the R2 upgrade, then it can shut down again. Any thoughts on how to get the Analysis Services service running? Update: Checking the event log, I found an error logged to the Application log from the MSSQLServerOLAPService. It has event ID 0, task category (289), and says: The service cannot be started: XML parsing failed at line 1, column 4: Unrecognized input signature.

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• Errors reported by "powercfg -energy"

  - by Tim

  Running "powercfg -energy" under Windows 7 command line, I received a report with following three errors: System Availability Requests:Away Mode Request The program has made a request to enable Away Mode. Requesting Process \Device\HarddiskVolume2\Program Files\Windows Media Player\wmpnetwk.exe CPU Utilization:Processor utilization is high The average processor utilization during the trace was high. The system will consume less power when the average processor utilization is very low. Review processor utilization for individual processes to determine which applications and services contribute the most to total processor utilization. Average Utilization (%) 49.25 Platform Power Management Capabilities:PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) Disabled PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) has been disabled due to a known incompatibility with the hardware in this computer. I was wondering for the first error, what does "enable away mode" mean? for the second, what utilization percentage of CPU is reasonable? for the third, what is "PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM)"? How I can correct the three errors? Thanks and regards!

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• After Effects: Mac to PC

  - by Tom

  Is it possible to open an After Effects file that's been created on a Mac with PC? I don't know what version the AE was on the Mac side, but I want to oepn it with CS3 on a PC laptop.

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• How can I move this file away?

  - by Tim

  I have identified the file that prevent me from further shrinking C: partition for Windows 7 OS. By query shrinking and then checking Event Viewer, this is the file: The last unmovable file appears to be: \ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Applications\Wi ndows\Projects\SystemIndex\Indexer\CiFiles\0001001 5.wid::$DATA I was wondering how to move this file away? I guess I have to move the whole \ProgramData away, not just that file?

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• Hints on diagnosing performance issue in OpenBSD firewall

  - by Tom

  My OpenBSD 4.6 pf firewall has started having really bad performance in the past few weeks. I've isolated the firewall (as opposed to the WAN connection, switch, cable, etc.) as the problem, but need a hint on how to further diagnose or fix the problem. The facts: Normal setup is: DSL Modem - FW Ext. NIC - FW Int. NIC - Switch - Laptop Normal setup described above gives only 25 Kbps! Plugging the laptop straight from the DSL modem gives a 1 MBps connection (full speed, as advertised). Therefore, the DSL connection seems to be OK. Plugging the laptop directly into the firewall's internal NIC (bypassing the switch) also gives only 25 Kbps. Therefore, the switch does not seem to be a problem. I've replaced the ethernet cables, but it didn't help. Here's the weird thing. Reloading the ruleset (/sbin/pfctl -Fa -f /etc/pf.conf) causes the laptop's connection to go up to 1 Mbps (i.e. full speed) for a few minutes before it gradually degrades back down to 25Kbps again. Any ideas on what's wrong or how I could further diagnose the problem?

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• Ubuntu - why would /var/log/dmesg stop updating after boot? does not show panic/cpu_hung errors which the console shows

  - by Tom G

  So I have an Ubuntu 10.04 install VM on a host. Latest 2.6.38-15-server kernel . /var/log/dmesg displays only the bootup but will stop recording after that. It will not show the trace/cpu_hung errors I am trying to troubleshoot. /var/log/dmesg.0 , dmesg.1 nothing - I did a string search for the text that displays on the console during the crash and NOTHING gets logged anywhere in /var/log/* . I have to call into the provider and ask them to take a screenshot of the console since nothing shows in dmesg. Why would /var/log/dmesg not record kernel panics, or such?

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• Windows NT workstation on AD domain

  - by Tom

  We run a Windows NT workstation connected to special manufacturing equipment, that everyone is deathly afraid to touch. It has custom software and special cards inside of the machine, making a rebuild impossible. The problem is, we are migrating to an AD domain from an NT domain, and this workstation stills needs access to storage on the network (AD computers). How should I go about doing this, after we get rid of our NT Domain controller? Upgrading to 2000 is not an option (so says management). I know, I know, if it dies we are in trouble. But that's managements choice, we just need to get rid of this NT domain.

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• Error adding 4tb LUN (Raw Device Mapping) to ESX4 VM

  - by Tom Gardiner

  Hi guys, I'm trying to map an existing 4tb LUN from a Fibre Channel SAN, through to a VM in my ESX4 environment. It keeps telling me that the VMDK file size exceeds the the maximum size supported by the datastore. I've tried in Physical compatibility mode, and also both Virtual styles. I'm a little confused by this as we had the same LUN mapped through to another VM when we were running ESX3.5... I've also noticed that some of my other RAW mappings are generating extremely large VMDK files on the ESX servers. Does anyone know if this change in behaviour is intentional? And if so why? It doesn't seem to me that if the LUN is mapped directly to the VM that it's size should be relevant. We're running 4.0.0 build 236512, and 4.0.0 build 219382 and I've not had any success on either. Any insight or advice would be much appreciated! TG

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• When you add a new node to a cluster, what do you do to the default services?

  - by Tom

  Everytime I acquire a new server or reload an existing server (CentOS 6.X) I have to decide what services to leave running in chkconfig. It seems the datacenter staff aren't using a single edition of CentOS and sometimes the default services running are different. I'm always inclined to turn off every service I've never heard of but then I think, if it's not broken don't fix it. How do you deal with the default services in a new installation?

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• How does one get rid of fishy behavior in Windows?

  - by Tom Wijsman

  After I had boot my computer this morning there suddenly flooded water from the top of the screen, after which some fishes dropped into it. Now I can barely see what I am doing because the water distorts the view. Sometimes the fish follow the cursor so I need to move it away or wait for the fish to mind their own business. This makes it very annoying to use my system. What have I tried? Reboot the system. This caused the water to deplete from the desktop. Upon reboot, the screen was refilled with water and fishes. Attach another monitor. Same problem, fills that monitor as well and gives me extra fish. Clicking the fish. Makes them turn direction. Right clicking the fish. Changes color of the fish, not really useful. I'm locked out of changing the background or screen saver settings. Hence, I had to post the lady below... Safe mode doesn't save me from the fishes. It does give me another background there, but I can't screenshot easily. Other user accounts experience this as well. The Guest account seems to experience more fish than the other accounts. Using HijackThis, OTL Timekeeper List, Syninternal Autoruns, RootKitRevealer, ShellExView and similar tools I can't seem to find any entries that could be it, the Sysinternals tools show everything as verified. I'm suspecting this to be a driver problem. Randomly removing drivers doesn't seem to alleviate the problem. When removing the Graphics Drivers, it makes my screen black. While that could be considered the solution, it's not what I want. Changing the time / date settings does also not seem to affect the fishes. Changing the time a few years in the future, I would have expected the fishes to be dead. But, the same fishes are still there... They simply won't die! Tried to get used to them. They are really bothering me, looks like they require food. I don't know how to give them food, but apparently they get it elsewhere during reboot... Tried to disable my mouse pointer and use the keyboard. This works, they now swim around more randomly. They do put their attention to huge changes on the screen, so I need to type slow. Or otherwise I can't see what I'm tying exactly. Hold my laptop upside down. This seems to affect the water and fishes, but the water stays in the screen. They seem super resistant against water sickness and confusion though... What does the problem look like? What do I need? A way to get rid of these fishes on my screen forever, they are really annoying me a lot and I'm about to crack the screen to see if that makes them escape. Do you have any idea why this problem is occurring? What are my considerations? Buying an USB fish tank could make the fish leave the screen, I am uncertain though whether the fish could leave the screen through the USB cable. Using the FISh (programming language) which seems to provide EXPRESSIVE POWER and EFFICIENT EXECUTION, I can however not find any examples on how to remove fish. What are my Specifications? I'm using a Sony Vaio Fishy laptop. Sony VAIO VGN-Fishy, VAIO. Processor: 1337 MHz, Intel Core 2 Duo, T5432, 1 MB, Intel PM965 Express, 667 MHz. Memory: 1024 MB, DDR2-SDRAM, 667 MHz, 2 x 1024 MB, 4 GB. Disk Drive: 50 GB, Serial ATA, 5400 RPM. Storage Media: Memory Stick™, Memory Stick PRO™. Display: 15.4 ", 1280 x 800 pixels, LCD. Video: GeForce 8400M GT, 128 MB. Optical Drive: DVD±R/RW DL, 24 x, 24 x, 24 x, 6 x, 4 x, 6 x, 4 x, 5 x, 5 x, 8 x, 8 x, 8 x, 8 x, 6 x, 6 x, 24 x, 24 x, 24 x, 16 x. Camera: 1.3 MP, 30 fps. Networking: 2.0+EDR. Keyboard: Touchpad, AZERTY. Operating System/Software: Windows Vista Home Premium. Security: Kensington. Weight & Dimensions: 98.8 oz (2800 g), 14 " (355.8 mm), 10 " (254.4 mm), 0.98 " (24.9 mm). Other features: 100 BASE-TX/10 BASE-T, 802.11a/b/g/n/Draft n, V92/V.90, fishes. Plz! Help me...

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• Puppet won't execute command

  - by tom

  Puppet 0.25.4 on ubuntu point blank refuses to execute the following command: exec {"initiate replica set": command => "echo 'rs.initiate()' | mongo", path => ["/usr/bin","/usr/sbin","/bin"], user => "root", require => Class["mongodb"] } I can execute the command as root myself, so I'm guessing perhaps it's an issue with the shell. Unfortunately upgrading puppet isn't an option (and causes other issues anyway). I've tried specifying explicit paths to the binaries instead of relying on the path parameter, and also changing the command to: "bash -c \"echo 'rs.initiate()' | mongo\"" Still doesn't work. Any ideas? I get an error message saying something like "failed to change from notrun to 0"

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• How to improve the HTML formatting in Evolution mail client

  - by Tom

  I have a question about viewing HTML emails in the Evolution mail client. Basically, I am receiving some emails that look lovely in Thunderbird but not in Evolution because the HTML rendering of Evolution isn't as advanced. Does anyone know how to improve the HTML rendering of Evolution? e.g. a plugin, tip, code patch, etc... The closest I've got is to right-click the email, "Save As...", save as a html file, then open in Firefox. Not exactly streamline! What emails can't it display well? We use the subversion revision control system which is set up to send an email whenever someone commits via svnnotify all nicely coloured via the --handler HTML::ColorDiff -d parameter. When Evolution fails to use the colours, I find it very had to read the raw diff.

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• kill process but fail

  - by Tim

  Hi, I am running a bash script as a background job. The bash script calls a time-consuming executable. If I am not wrong, the running of the bash script is the parent process and the running of the executable is the child process. I now want to stop the whole running by killing the parent process which is the background job kill -9 $(jobs -p) The terminal shows that the running of the bash script is killed. But the running of the executable still hangs on the output of top. I just wonder how to also kill the child process? Thanks and regards!

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• What causes winsock 10055 errors? How should I troubleshoot?

  - by Tom Kerr

  I'm investigating some issues with winsock 10055 errors on a chain of custom applications (some of which we control, some not) and was hoping to get some advice on techniques to troubleshoot the problem. No buffer space available. An operation on a socket could not be performed because the system lacked sufficient buffer space or because a queue was full. From research, non-paged pool and ports seem to be the only resources which can cause this error. Is there another resource which might cause 10055 errors? Currently, we have perfmon counters setup on the applications and non-paged pool usage looks low in most circumstances. Open TCP connections looks low and I am unaware of another way to monitor ports. Since it only happens in production, we are unable to use more invasive counters. Is there some other tool or procedure you would recommend to diagnose which application is causing the issue?

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• Configuring service restart with 'restart service after' parameter

  - by Tim Brigham

  It appears that sc.exe isn't capable of setting the 'restart service after' parameter and powershell isn't capable of setting up service restarts at all. My intended configuration is failure1/restart failure2/restart failure3/nothing with a five minute counter between each restart. The five minute timer is extremely important. Is there anything else I can look at other than some registry hackery configure this?

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• Email delivery error

  - by Tim

  I sent an email, but immediately got a reply saying: Final-Recipient: rfc822;[email protected] Action: failed Status: 5.0.0 (permanent failure) Diagnostic-Code: smtp; 5.1.2 - Bad destination host 'DNS Hard Error looking up smtpint.xxx.edu (MX): NXDomain' (delivery attempts: 0) I was wondering what this error report means, where in the delivery route the error happened, who should be contacted to solve this issue and how to solve it? Thanks and regards! I also appreciate if someone can explain a bit more about the mechanism behind the email delivery.

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