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  • LINQ: Single vs. SingleOrDefault

    - by Paulo Morgado
    Like all other LINQ API methods that extract a scalar value from a sequence, Single has a companion SingleOrDefault. The documentation of SingleOrDefault states that it returns a single, specific element of a sequence of values, or a default value if no such element is found, although, in my opinion, it should state that it returns a single, specific element of a sequence of values, or a default value if no such element is found. Nevertheless, what this method does is return the default value of the source type if the sequence is empty or, like Single, throws an exception if the sequence has more than one element. I received several comments to my last post saying that SingleOrDefault could be used to avoid an exception. Well, it only “solves” half of the “problem”. If the sequence has more than one element, an exception will be thrown anyway. In the end, it all comes down to semantics and intent. If it is expected that the sequence may have none or one element, than SingleOrDefault should be used. If it’s not expect that the sequence is empty and the sequence is empty, than it’s an exceptional situation and an exception should be thrown right there. And, in that case, why not use Single instead? In my opinion, when a failure occurs, it’s best to fail fast and early than slow and late. Other methods in the LINQ API that use the same companion pattern are: ElementAt/ElementAtOrDefault, First/FirstOrDefault and Last/LastOrDefault.

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  • Good Guy Vs. Bad Guy In SEO

    Search Engine Optimization, or simply called SEO, involves the use of many techniques and methods. However, like many other Internet marketing techniques, SEO is also known for its malicious or unort... [Author: Margarette Mcbride - Web Design and Development - May 02, 2010]

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  • Software Architecture and Design vs Psychology of HCI class

    - by Joey Green
    I have two classes to choose from and I'm wanting to get an opinion from the more experienced game devs which might be better for someone who wants to be an indie game dev. The first is a Software Architecture and Design course and the second is a course titled Psychology of HCI. I've previously have taken a Software Design course that was focused only on design patterns. I've also taken an Introduction to HCI course. Software Architecture and Design Description Topics include software architectures, methodologies, model representations, component-based design ,patterns,frameworks, CASE-based desgins, and case studies. Psychology of HCI Description Exploration of psychological factors that interact with computer interface usablilty. Interface design techniques and usability evaluation methods are emphasized. I know I would find both interesting, but my concern is really which one might be easier to pick up on my own. I know HCI is relevant to game dev, but am un-sure if the topics in the Software Architecture class would be more for big software projects that go beyond the scope of games. Also, I'm not able to take both because the overlap.

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  • How can I manage SQL CE databases in SQL Server Management Studio?

    - by Arul
    Dear all, I have Sqlserver 2005 Express Edition only. and VS 2005. How to i create my .sdf file. and how to create tables in that file... I am developing a SmartDevice Application. if any possible to access the Sql server 2000 DataBase without using .SDF file. Note: in my system i have VS 2005, SQL SERVER 2000, SQL SERVER 2005 Express Edition. And aslo i installed MS-SQL SERVER 2005 Compact Edition Developer SDK[ENU]. In my Sql server 2005 Studio, there is no any sqlserver compact edition in the EngineType Combo. what are the things i need to do.. to perfectly run my application with Data Base. Thanks, Thanks for previous one also.

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  • Recursion VS memory allocation

    - by Vladimir Kishlaly
    Which approach is most popular in real-world examples: recursion or iteration? For example, simple tree preorder traversal with recursion: void preorderTraversal( Node root ){ if( root == null ) return; root.printValue(); preorderTraversal( root.getLeft() ); preorderTraversal( root.getRight() ); } and with iteration (using stack): Push the root node on the stack While the stack is not empty Pop a node Print its value If right child exists, push the node's right child If left child exists, push the node's left child In the first example we have recursive method calls, but in the second - new ancillary data structure. Complexity is similar in both cases - O(n). So, the main question is memory footprint requirement?

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  • WSDL-world vs CLR-world – some differences

    - by nmarun
    A change in mindset is required when switching between a typical CLR application and a web service application. There are some things in a CLR environment that just don’t add-up in a WSDL arena (and vice-versa). I’m listing some of them here. When I say WSDL-world, I’m mostly talking with respect to a WCF Service and / or a Web Service. No (direct) Method Overloading: You definitely can have overloaded methods in a, say, Console application, but when it comes to a WCF / Web Services application, you need to adorn these overloaded methods with a special attribute so the service knows which specific method to invoke. When you’re working with WCF, use the Name property of the OperationContract attribute to provide unique names. 1: [OperationContract(Name = "AddInt")] 2: int Add(int arg1, int arg2); 3:  4: [OperationContract(Name = "AddDouble")] 5: double Add(double arg1, double arg2); By default, the proxy generates the code for this as: 1: [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute( 2: Action="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfService/AddInt", 3: ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfService/AddIntResponse")] 4: int AddInt(int arg1, int arg2); 5: 6: [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute( 7: Action="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/AddDouble", 8: ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/AddDoubleResponse")] 9: double AddDouble(double arg1, double arg2); With Web Services though the story is slightly different. Even after setting the MessageName property of the WebMethod attribute, the proxy does not change the name of the method, but only the underlying soap message changes. 1: [WebMethod] 2: public string HelloGalaxy() 3: { 4: return "Hello Milky Way!"; 5: } 6:  7: [WebMethod(MessageName = "HelloAnyGalaxy")] 8: public string HelloGalaxy(string galaxyName) 9: { 10: return string.Format("Hello {0}!", galaxyName); 11: } The one thing you need to remember is to set the WebServiceBinding accordingly. 1: [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.None)] The proxy is: 1: [System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapDocumentMethodAttribute("http://tempuri.org/HelloGalaxy", 2: RequestNamespace="http://tempuri.org/", 3: ResponseNamespace="http://tempuri.org/", 4: Use=System.Web.Services.Description.SoapBindingUse.Literal, 5: ParameterStyle=System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapParameterStyle.Wrapped)] 6: public string HelloGalaxy() 7:  8: [System.Web.Services.WebMethodAttribute(MessageName="HelloGalaxy1")] 9: [System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapDocumentMethodAttribute("http://tempuri.org/HelloAnyGalaxy", 10: RequestElementName="HelloAnyGalaxy", 11: RequestNamespace="http://tempuri.org/", 12: ResponseElementName="HelloAnyGalaxyResponse", 13: ResponseNamespace="http://tempuri.org/", 14: Use=System.Web.Services.Description.SoapBindingUse.Literal, 15: ParameterStyle=System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapParameterStyle.Wrapped)] 16: [return: System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute("HelloAnyGalaxyResult")] 17: public string HelloGalaxy(string galaxyName) 18:  You see the calling method name is the same in the proxy, however the soap message that gets generated is different. Using interchangeable data types: See details on this here. Type visibility: In a CLR-based application, if you mark a field as private, well we all know, it’s ‘private’. Coming to a WSDL side of things, in a Web Service, private fields and web methods will not get generated in the proxy. In WCF however, all your operation contracts will be public as they get implemented from an interface. Even in case your ServiceContract interface is declared internal/private, you will see it as a public interface in the proxy. This is because type visibility is a CLR concept and has no bearing on WCF. Also if a private field has the [DataMember] attribute in a data contract, it will get emitted in the proxy class as a public property for the very same reason. 1: [DataContract] 2: public struct Person 3: { 4: [DataMember] 5: private int _x; 6:  7: [DataMember] 8: public int Id { get; set; } 9:  10: [DataMember] 11: public string FirstName { get; set; } 12:  13: [DataMember] 14: public string Header { get; set; } 15: } 16: } See the ‘_x’ field is a private member with the [DataMember] attribute, but the proxy class shows as below: 1: [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMemberAttribute()] 2: public int _x { 3: get { 4: return this._xField; 5: } 6: set { 7: if ((this._xField.Equals(value) != true)) { 8: this._xField = value; 9: this.RaisePropertyChanged("_x"); 10: } 11: } 12: } Passing derived types to web methods / operation contracts: Once again, in a CLR application, I can have a derived class be passed as a parameter where a base class is expected. I have the following set up for my WCF service. 1: [DataContract] 2: public class Employee 3: { 4: [DataMember(Name = "Id")] 5: public int EmployeeId { get; set; } 6:  7: [DataMember(Name="FirstName")] 8: public string FName { get; set; } 9:  10: [DataMember] 11: public string Header { get; set; } 12: } 13:  14: [DataContract] 15: public class Manager : Employee 16: { 17: [DataMember] 18: private int _x; 19: } 20:  21: // service contract 22: [OperationContract] 23: Manager SaveManager(Employee employee); 24:  25: // in my calling code 26: Manager manager = new Manager {_x = 1, FirstName = "abc"}; 27: manager = LearnWcfServiceClient.SaveManager(manager); The above will throw an exception saying: In short, this is saying, that a Manager type was found where an Employee type was expected! Hierarchy flattening of interfaces in WCF: See details on this here. In CLR world, you’ll see the entire hierarchy as is. That’s another difference. Using ref parameters: * can use ref for parameters, but operation contract should not be one-way (gives an error when you do an update service reference)   => bad programming; create a return object that is composed of everything you need! This one kind of stumped me. Not sure why I tried this, but you can pass parameters prefixed with ref keyword* (* terms and conditions apply). The main issue is this, how would we know the changes that were made to a ‘ref’ input parameter are returned back from the service and updated to the local variable? Turns out both Web Services and WCF make this tracking happen by passing the input parameter in the response soap. This way when the deserializer does its magic, it maps all the elements of the response xml thereby updating our local variable. Here’s what I’m talking about. 1: [WebMethod(MessageName = "HelloAnyGalaxy")] 2: public string HelloGalaxy(ref string galaxyName) 3: { 4: string output = string.Format("Hello {0}", galaxyName); 5: if (galaxyName == "Andromeda") 6: { 7: galaxyName = string.Format("{0} (2.5 million light-years away)", galaxyName); 8: } 9: return output; 10: } This is how the request and response look like in soapUI. As I said above, the behavior is quite similar for WCF as well. But the catch comes when you have a one-way web methods / operation contracts. If you have an operation contract whose return type is void, is marked one-way and that has ref parameters then you’ll get an error message when you try to reference such a service. 1: [OperationContract(Name = "Sum", IsOneWay = true)] 2: void Sum(ref double arg1, ref double arg2); 3:  4: public void Sum(ref double arg1, ref double arg2) 5: { 6: arg1 += arg2; 7: } This is what I got when I did an update to my service reference: Makes sense, because a OneWay operation is… one-way – there’s no returning from this operation. You can also have a one-way web method: 1: [SoapDocumentMethod(OneWay = true)] 2: [WebMethod(MessageName = "HelloAnyGalaxy")] 3: public void HelloGalaxy(ref string galaxyName) This will throw an exception message similar to the one above when you try to update your web service reference. In the CLR space, there’s no such concept of a ‘one-way’ street! Yes, there’s void, but you very well can have ref parameters returned through such a method. Just a point here; although the ref/out concept sounds cool, it’s generally is a code-smell. The better approach is to always return an object that is composed of everything you need returned from a method. These are some of the differences that we need to bear when dealing with services that are different from our daily ‘CLR’ life.

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  • MIT vs. BSD vs. Dual License

    - by ryanve
    My understanding is that: MIT-licensed projects can be used/redistributed in BSD-licensed projects. BSD-licensed projects can be used/redistributed in MIT-licensed projects. The MIT and the BSD 2-clause licenses are essentially identical. BSD 3-clause = BSD 2-clause + the "no endorsement" clause Issuing a dual license allows users to choose from those licenses—not be bound to both. If all of the above is correct, then what is the point of using a dual MIT/BSD license? Even if the BSD refers to the 3-clause version, then can't a user legally choose to only abide by the MIT license? It seems that if you really want the "no endorsement" clause to apply then you have to license it as just BSD (not dual). If you don't care about the "no endorsement" clause, then MIT alone is sufficient and MIT/BSD is redundant. Similarly, since the MIT and BSD licenses are both "GPL-compatible" and can be redistributed in GPL-licensed projects, then dual licensing MIT/GPL also seems redundant.

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  • Ajax application: using SOAP vs REST ?

    - by coder
    I'm building an ajax heavy application (client-side strictly html/css/js) which will be getting all the data and using server business logic via webservices. I know REST seems to be the hot topic but I can't find any good arguments. The main argument seems to be its "light-weight". My impression so far is that wsdl/soap based services are more expressive and allow for more a more complex transfer of data. It appears that soap would be more useful in the application I'm building where the only code consuming the services will be the js downloaded in the client browser. REST on the other hand seems to have a smaller entry barrier and so can be more useful for services like twitter in allowing other developers to consume these services easily. Also, REST seems to Te better suited for simple data transfers. So in summary SOAP is useful for complex data transfer and REST is useful in simple data transfer. I'm currently under the impression that using SOAP would be best due to the complexity of the messages but perhaps there's other factors. What are your thoughts on the pros/cons of soap/rest for a heavy ajax web app? EDIT: While the wsdl is in xml, the data I'm transferring back and forth is actually in JSON. It just appears more natural to use wsdl/soap here due to the nature of the app. The verbs GET and POST may not be enough. I may want to say something like: processQueue, or executeTimer. This is why my conclusion has been wsdl/soap would be good for bridging a complex layer between two applications (client and server) whereas REST would be better (due to its simplicity) for allowing many developer-users to consume resources programmatically. So you could say the choice falls along two lines Will the app be verb-oriented (completing tasks: use soap) or noun-oriented (consuming resources: use REST) Will the api be consumed by few developers or many developers (REST is strong for many developers)? Since such an ajax heavy app would potentially use many verbs and would only be used by the client developer it appears soap/wsdl would be the best fit.

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  • DIVIDE vs division operator in #dax

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    Alberto Ferrari wrote an interesting article about DIVIDE performance in DAX. This new function has been introduced in SQL Server Analysis Services 2012 SP1, so it is available also in Excel 2013 (which still doesn’t have other features/fixes introduced by following Cumulative Updates…). The idea that instead of writing: IF ( Sales[Quantity] <> 0, Sales[Amount] / Sales[Quantity], BLANK () ) you can write: DIVIDE ( Sales[Amount], Sales[Quantity] ) There is a third optional argument in DIVIDE that defines the result in case the denominator (second argument) is zero, and by default its value is BLANK, so I omitted the third argument in my example. Using DIVIDE is very important, especially when you use a measure in MDX (for example in an Excel PivotTable) because it raise the chance that the non empty evaluation for the result is evaluated in bulk mode instead of cell-by-cell. However, from a DAX point of view, you might find it’s better to use the standard division operator removing the IF statement. I suggest you to read Alberto’s article, because you will find that an expression applying a filter using FILTER is faster than using CALCULATE, which is against any rule of thumb you might have read until now! Again, this is not always true, and depends on many conditions – trying to simplify, we might say that for a simple calculation, the query plan generated by FILTER could be more efficient – but, as usual, it depends, and 90% of the times using FILTER instead of CALCULATE produces slower performance. Do not take anything for granted, and always check the query plan when performance are your first issue!

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  • Responsive website VS mobile website

    - by Saif Bechan
    I am creating a new blog. Nowadays, especially for a blog, it's important that the websites are accessible for all devices. Now I have to make a choice on what to do. I have seen 2 options. Option 1 is to go with a normal fixed website, for example 960px wide (grid960). And for mobile users have a mobile version. This takes some more time, but then there are 2 good versions of the website. Option 2 I haven't seen a lot yet, creating a adaptive website, or also called responsive website. I am now looking into the LESS framework, where the website automatically switches to to required width. Only downside is that when the normal browser is re-sized, everything re-sizes. Another problem I found is that pinch-to-zoom on devices does not work. Now the question is, which one would you prefer for a blog. One that constantly changes layout when you move your device, or one where you have the choice to view mobile and normal. If there are any other options, please let me know.

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  • java+netbeans+mysql+ubuntu 64 bits LTS VS C#+MS SQL for fast develop trading system

    - by crunchor
    I am going to build a trading system and use with the broker "Interactive Broker" API. The API supports C++ Socket, Java Socket, DDE, Active X APIs in Windows. The API supports Java Socket API, Posix C++ Socket API in Unix kind like Ubuntu. My trading system has some real time long calculations to do and a lot of maths for backtest. I am using a retail trading program Amibroker which is written in C++ and I run it in windows xp 32 bits, it will take me days to do one serious backtest with my G620 Sandy Bridge CPU and 3GB of ram. So for my trading system, I need to have 1. speed, 2. stability, 3. fast development I have done some research, C++ is fastest but I am not good at it and it takes much longer time to develop. Other than C++, Java in linux has the best speed. I also did some research for database and look like mysql has the best speed. Mysql and PostgreSQL both are very popular open source sql db, which one should I choose? I see MySQL has Workbench now which looks like similar to MS SQL management studio so look like a good start. Netbeans should be the most popular Java IDE now and seem like its GUI design can be as easy as Virtual Studio now. I am not sure if made by Netbeans would affect the speed and if its GUI design is really that good and easy to use. Ubuntu 64 bits LTS has good long term support, good community support, and stable. I will buy a new computer if I can create a good trading system for live trading and backtest. Very likely I will buy a I7 or I5 depends on if I7 can really have better speed for my case. Actually I mainly deal with C# in my jobs and I just knew java but not good at java. What would you guys recommend? Any better solution? This will be a big project and very likely life long project for me so I seriously do research including asking you guys before I start and focus on what I should, thanks!

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  • Open source vs commercial game engines

    - by Vanangamudi
    How commercial game accomplsih stunnning graphics with smooth game play? I am a huge die hard fan and follower of GNU Stallman and his philosophies and other Libre people Cmon how wud I miss Linus. but I got to admit commercial games does excellent jobs. One such good example is Assasin's Creed from Ubisoft. It has good quality graphcis and plays smoothly in my Dual core CPU with Nvidia Geforce 8400ES. Rockstar GTA4 has awesome graphcis but it's slower than AC considering the graphics quality tradeoff. Age of Empires from Ensemble studios, does include Massive crowd AI simulation, yet it plays so smoothly with eyecandy graphics and very large weapon sets and different techtree elements on the other hand. Open source games like Glest, 0A.D(still in alpha :) are not so smooth even though they have very restricted abilities? Coming to question: how do game companies achieve such optmizations, or the open source community is not doing optimizations, or there are any propriarity technological elements that benefits only the companies exists huh?? e.g the OpenSubDiv from Pixar just released open to community?? something like that. and why it is hard to implement optimizations? are there any legal restrictions???

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  • Maya 6 vs Maya 2013

    - by DiscreteGenius
    I have the entire "Learning Maya 6" books that I purchased back when Maya 6/6.5 was the hottest thing. I read some of the books but never finished the series. I don't know much about Maya or the field. I want to get back into the field but I have a concern. My question: Would I be failing if I decided to use my old Maya 6 books and Maya 6.5 software? As opposed to ditching my old books and starting with Maya 2013 and online tutorials, videos, etc.?

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  • Code Generation and IDE vs writing per Hand

    - by sytycs
    I have been programming for about a year now. Pretty soon I realized that I need a great Tool for writing code and learned Vim. I was happy with C and Ruby and never liked the idea of an IDE. Which was encouraged by a lot of reading about programming.[1] However I started with (my first) Java Project. In a CS Course we were using Visual Paradigm and encouraged to let the program generate our code from a class diagram. I did not like that Idea because: Our class diagram was buggy. Students more experienced in Java said they would write the code per hand. I had never written any Java before and would not understand a lot of the generated code. So I took a different approach and wrote all methods per Hand (getter and Setter included). My Team-members have written their parts (partly generated by VP) in an IDE and I was "forced" to use it too. I realized they had generated equal amounts of code in a shorter amount of time and did not spend a lot of time setting their CLASSPATH and writing scripts for compiling that son of a b***. Additionally we had to implement a GUI and I dont see how we could have done that in a sane matter in Vim. So here is my Problem: I fell in love with Vim and the Unix way. But it looks like for getting this job done (on time) the IDE/Code generation approach is superior. Do you have equal experiences? Is Java by the nature of the language just more suitable for an IDE/Code generated approach? Or am I lacking the knowledge to produce equal amounts of code "per Hand"? [1] http://heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/~matloff/eclipse.html

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  • Cross-platform desktop programming: C++ vs. Python

    - by John Wells
    Alright, to start off, I have experience as an amateur Obj-C/Cocoa and Ruby w/Rails programmer. These are great, but they aren't really helpful for writing cross-platform applications (hopefully GNUStep will one day be complete enough for the first to be multi platform, but that day is not today). C++, from what I can gather, is extremely powerful but also a huge, ugly behemoth that can take half a decade or more to master. I've also read that you can very easily not only shoot yourself in the foot, but blow your entire leg off with it since memory management is all manual. Obviously, this is all quite intimidating. Is it correct? Python seems to provide most of the power of C++ and is much easier to pick up at the cost of speed. How big is this sacrifice? Is it meaningful or can it be ignored? Which will have me writing fast, stable, highly reliable applications in a reasonable amount of time? Also, is it better to use Qt for your UI or instead maintain separate, native front ends for each platform? EDIT: For extra clarity, there are two types applications I want to write: one is an extremely friendly and convenient database frontend and the other, which no doubt will come much later on, is a 3D world editor.

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  • Android SDK vs NDK in oppurtunities and career scope

    - by Gopal S Akshintala
    Hi I am very much interested in Android Mobile Developement and I am equally comfortable with Java and C/C++. I would like to build my career in Android. So I am confused on to which way to go, wheather as Android SDK developer or NDK developer. Please advice me pros n cons of both and also the career scope and oppurtunities in both(With factors like excitement in Job, Payroll, competetion, Openings in Job Market, career growth etc).Thanks...:)

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  • Ms Build publishing vs Visual Studio IDE publishing

    - by reggie
    I am currently working on ms build to publish my winform application based on the environment selected (Dev or Prod). I am using Ms Build Community Task and referencing this article to achieve this purpose. I had a few theoretical doubts based on publishing application. 1) Is there any difference in publishing through the visual studio ide and msbuild? 2) What do most developers prefer to use and why? 3) What are the advantages of using MsBuild to publish an application as compared to publishing through the visual studio IDE? 4) What is faster? I am using a .net 3.5 winform application developed in Csharp and my question is pertaining to clickonce windows applications only. Please help me clear these doubts

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  • Django vs Ruby on Rails [closed]

    - by Michal Gumny
    I know that this is not place for languages war, but my question is quite specific. I'm iOS developer and I have friend who is Android developer, we have idea to make some commercial project together, but we will need quite advaned back-end. We want to learn one of this two frameworks and their languages from scratch, so my question is what language is faster to learn, and write app, which is better for small start up

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  • Test driven vs Business requirements constant changing

    - by James Lin
    One of the new requirement of our dev team set by the CTO/CIO is to become test driven development, however I don't think the rest of the business is going to help because they have no sense of development life cycles, and requirements get changed all the time within a single sprint. Which gets me frustrated about wasting time writing 10 test cases and will become useless tomorrow. We have suggested setting up processes to dodge those requirement changes and educate the business about development life cycles. What if the business fails to get the idea? What would you do?

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  • Stack vs queue -based programming language efficiency [closed]

    - by Core Xii
    Suppose there are two programming languages; one where the only form of storage is one (preferred) or two (may be required for Turing-completeness) stacks, and another where the only form of storage is a single queue, with appropriate instructions in each to manipulate their respective storage to achieve Turing-completeness. Which one can more efficiently encode complex algorithms? Such that most given algorithms take less code to implement, less time to compute and less memory to do so. Also, how do they compare to a language with a traditional array (or unbounded tape, if you will) as storage?

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