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  • Computing "average" of two colors

    - by Francisco P.
    This is only marginally programming related - has much more to do w/ colors and their representation. I am working on a very low level app. I have an array of bytes in memory. Those are characters. They were rendered with anti-aliasing: they have values from 0 to 255, 0 being fully transparent and 255 totally opaque (alpha, if you wish). I am having trouble conceiving an algorithm for the rendering of this font. I'm doing the following for each pixel: // intensity is the weight I talked about: 0 to 255 intensity = glyphs[text[i]][x + GLYPH_WIDTH*y]; if (intensity == 255) continue; // Don't draw it, fully transparent else if (intensity == 0) setPixel(x + xi, y + yi, color, base); // Fully opaque, can draw original color else { // Here's the tricky part // Get the pixel in the destination for averaging purposes pixel = getPixel(x + xi, y + yi, base); // transfer is an int for calculations transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.red + (float) pixel.red)/2); // This is my attempt at averaging newPixel.red = (Byte) transfer; transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.green + (float) pixel.green)/2); newPixel.green = (Byte) transfer; // transfer = (int) ((float) ((float) 255.0 - (float) intensity)/255.0 * (((float) color.blue) + (float) pixel.blue)/2); transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.blue + (float) pixel.blue)/2); newPixel.blue = (Byte) transfer; // Set the newpixel in the desired mem. position setPixel(x+xi, y+yi, newPixel, base); } The results, as you can see, are less than desirable. That is a very zoomed in image, at 1:1 scale it looks like the text has a green "aura". Any idea for how to properly compute this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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  • Singleton Pattern combine with a Decorator

    - by Mike
    Attached is a classic Decorator pattern. My question is how would you modify the below code so that you can wrap zero or one of each topping on to the Pizza Right now I can have a Pepporini - Sausage -- Pepporini -- Pizza class driving the total cost up to $10, charging twice for Pepporini. I don't think I want to use the Chain of Responsibility pattern as order does not matter and not all toppings are used? Thank you namespace PizzaDecorator { public interface IPizza { double CalculateCost(); } public class Pizza: IPizza { public Pizza() { } public double CalculateCost() { return 8.00; } } public abstract class Topping : IPizza { protected IPizza _pizzaItem; public Topping(IPizza pizzaItem) { this._pizzaItem = pizzaItem; } public abstract double CalculateCost(); } public class Pepporini : Topping { public Pepporini(IPizza pizzaItem) : base(pizzaItem) { } public override double CalculateCost() { return this._pizzaItem.CalculateCost() + 0.50; } } public class Sausage : Topping { public Sausage(IPizza pizzaItem) : base(pizzaItem) { } public override double CalculateCost() { return this._pizzaItem.CalculateCost() + 1.00; } } public class Onions : Topping { public Onions(IPizza pizzaItem) : base(pizzaItem) { } public override double CalculateCost() { return this._pizzaItem.CalculateCost() + .25; } } }

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  • The Implications of Modern Day Software Development Abstractions

    - by Andreas Grech
    I am currently doing a dissertation about the implications or dangers that today's software development practices or teachings may have on the long term effects of programming. Just to make it clear: I am not attacking the use abstractions in programming. Every programmer knows that abstractions are the bases for modularity. What I want to investigate with this dissertation are the positive and negative effects abstractions can have in software development. As regards the positive, I am sure that I can find many sources that can confirm this. But what about the negative effects of abstractions? Do you have any stories to share that talk about when certain abstractions failed on you? The main concern is that many programmers today are programming against abstractions without having the faintest idea of what the abstraction is doing under-the-covers. This may very well lead to bugs and bad design. So, in you're opinion, how important is it that programmers actually know what is going below the abstractions? Taking a simple example from Joel's Back to Basics, C's strcat: void strcat( char* dest, char* src ) { while (*dest) dest++; while (*dest++ = *src++); } The above function hosts the issue that if you are doing string concatenation, the function is always starting from the beginning of the dest pointer to find the null terminator character, whereas if you write the function as follows, you will return a pointer to where the concatenated string is, which in turn allows you to pass this new pointer to the concatenation function as the *dest parameter: char* mystrcat( char* dest, char* src ) { while (*dest) dest++; while (*dest++ = *src++); return --dest; } Now this is obviously a very simple as regards abstractions, but it is the same concept I shall be investigating. Finally, what do you think about the issue that schools are preferring to teach Java instead of C and Lisp ? Can you please give your opinions and your says as regards this subject? Thank you for your time and I appreciate every comment.

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  • Rails: Getting rid of "X is invalid" validation errors

    - by DJTripleThreat
    I have a sign-up form that has nested associations/attributes whatever you want to call them. My Hierarchy is this: class User < ActiveRecord::Base acts_as_authentic belongs_to :user_role, :polymorphic => true end class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :user, :as => :user_role, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :user, :allow_destroy => true validates_associated :user end class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :user, :as => :user_role, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :user, :allow_destroy => true validates_associated :user end I have some validation stuff in these classes as well. My problem is that if I try to create and Customer (or Employee etc) with a blank form I get all of the validation errors I should get plus some Generic ones like "User is invalid" and "Customer is invalid" If I iterate through the errors I get something like: user.login can't be blank User is invalid customer.whatever is blah blah blah...etc customer.some_other_error etc etc Since there is at least one invalid field in the nested User model, an extra "X is invalid" message is added to the list of errors. This gets confusing to my client and so I'm wondering if there is a quick way to do this instead of having to filer through the errors myself.

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  • ActiveRecord/sqlite3 column type lost in table view?

    - by duncan
    I have the following ActiveRecord testcase that mimics my problem. I have a People table with one attribute being a date. I create a view over that table adding one column which is just that date plus 20 minutes: #!/usr/bin/env ruby %w|pp rubygems active_record irb active_support date|.each {|lib| require lib} ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection( :adapter => "sqlite3", :database => "test.db" ) ActiveRecord::Schema.define do create_table :people, :force => true do |t| t.column :name, :string t.column :born_at, :datetime end execute "create view clowns as select p.name, p.born_at, datetime(p.born_at, '+' || '20' || ' minutes') as twenty_after_born_at from people p;" end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :name end class Clown < ActiveRecord::Base end Person.create(:name => "John", :born_at => DateTime.now) pp Person.all.first.born_at.class pp Clown.all.first.born_at.class pp Clown.all.first.twenty_after_born_at.class The problem is, the output is Time Time String When I expect the new datetime attribute of the view to be also a Time or DateTime in the ruby world. Any ideas? I also tried: create view clowns as select p.name, p.born_at, CAST(datetime(p.born_at, '+' || '20' || ' minutes') as datetime) as twenty_after_born_at from people p; With the same result.

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  • Detecting Inheritence during compile time

    - by Jagannath
    I am unable to figure out why this code is returning false. I had the first version of partial specialization. It did not work, I tried with the second version. It did not work either. UPDATE: I wanted to check if "Derived" is publicly derived from "Base". template<class TBase, class TDerived> struct IsDerived { public: enum { isDerived = false }; }; template<class TBase> struct IsDerived<TBase, TBase> { public: enum { isDerived = true }; }; template<class TBase> struct IsDerived<TBase&, TBase&> { public: enum { isDerived = true }; }; int main() { cout << ((IsDerived<Base&, Derived&>::isDerived) ? "true" : "false") << endl; cout << ((IsDerived<const Derived*, const Base*>::isDerived) ? "true" : "false") << endl; }

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  • WCF code generation for large/complex schema (HR-XML/OAGIS) - is there an alternative?

    - by Sasha Borodin
    Hello, and thank you for reading. I am implementing a WCF Service based on a predefined specification (HR-XML 3.0). As such, I am starting with the schema, and working my way back to code. There are a number of large Schema documents (which import yet more Schema documents) related to my implementation, provided by this specification. I am able to generate code using xsd.exe, by supplying the "main" and "supporting" xsd files as arguments. But there are several issues, and I am wondering if this is the right approach. there are litterally hundreds of classes - the code file is half a meg in size duplicate classes (ex. Type, Type1 - which both represent the same type) there are classes declared as inheriting from a base class, but that base class is not generated/defined I understand that there are limitations to the types of Schema supported by svcutil.exe/xsd.exe when targeting the DataContractSerializer and even XmlSerializer. My question is two-fold: Are code generation "issues" fairly common when dealing with larger, modular xsd files? Has anyone had success with generating data contracts from OAGIS or HR-XML schema? Given the above issues, are there better approaches to this task, avoiding generating code and working with concrete objects? Does it make better sence to read and compose a SOAP message directly, while still taking advantage of the rest of the WCF framework? I understand that I am loosing the convenience of working with .NET objects, and the framekwork-provided (de)serialization; given these losses, would it still be advantageous to base my Service on WCF? Is there some "middle ground" between working with .NET types and pure XML? Thank you very much! -Sasha Borodin DFWHC.org

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  • Need help with strange Class#getResource() issue

    - by Andreas_D
    I have some legacy code that reads a configuration file from an existing jar, like: URL url = SomeClass.class.getResource("/configuration.properties"); // some more code here using url variable InputStream in = url.openStream(); Obviously it worked before but when I execute this code, the URL is valid but I get an IOException on the third line, saying it can't find the file. The url is something like "file:jar:c:/path/to/jar/somejar.jar!configuration.properties" so it doesn't look like a classpath issue - java knows pretty well where the file can be found.. The above code is part of an ant task and it fails while the task is executed. Strange enough - I copied the code and the jar file into a separate class and it works as expected, the properties file is readable. At some point I changed the code of the ant task to URL url = SomeClass.class.getResource("/configuration.properties"); // some more code here using url variable InputStream in = SomeClass.class.getResourceAsStream("/configuration.properties"); and now it works - just until it crashes in another class where a similiar access pattern is implemented.. Why could it have worked before, why does it fail now? The only difference I see at the moment is, that the old build was done with java 1.4 while I'm trying it with Java 6 now. Workaround Today I installed Java 1.4.2_19 on the build server and made ant to use it. To my totally frustrating surprise: The problem is gone. It looks to me, that java 1.4.2 can handle URLs of this type while Java 1.6 can't (at least in my context/environment). I'm still hoping for an explanation although I'm facing the work to rewrite parts of the code to use Class#getRessourceAsStream which behaved much more stable...

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  • Problems with rails and saving to the database.

    - by Grantismo
    I've been having some difficulty in understanding the source of a problem. Below is a listing of the model classes. Essentially the goal is to have the ability to add sentences to the end of the story, or to add stories to an existing sentence_block. Right now, I'm only attempting to allow users to add sentences, and automatically create a new sentence_block for the new sentence. class Story < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :sentence_blocks, :dependent => :destroy has_many :sentences, :through => :sentence_blocks accepts_nested_attributes_for :sentence_blocks end class SentenceBlock < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :story has_many :sentences, :dependent => :destroy end class Sentence < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :sentence_block def story @sentence_block = SentenceBlock.find(self.sentence_block_id) Story.find(@sentence_block.story_id) end end The problem is occurring when using the show method of the Story. The Story method is as follows, and the associated show method for a sentence is also included. Sentence.show def show @sentence = Sentence.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| format.html {redirect_to(@sentence.story)} format.xml { render :xml => @sentence } end end Story.show def show @story = Story.find(params[:id]) @sentence_block = @story.sentence_blocks.build @new_sentence = @sentence_block.sentences.build(params[:sentence]) respond_to do |format| if @new_sentence.content != nil and @new_sentence.sentence_block_id != nil and @sentence_block.save and @new_sentence.save flash[:notice] = 'Sentence was successfully added.' format.html # new.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @story } else @sentence_block.destroy format.html format.xml { render :xml => @story } end end end I'm getting a "couldn't find Sentence_block without and id" error. So I'm assuming that for some reason the sentence_block isn't getting saved to the database. Can anyone help me with my understanding of the behavior and why I'm getting the error? I'm trying to ensure that every time the view depicts show for a story, an unnecessary sentence_block and sentence isn't created, unless someone submits the form, I'm not really sure how to accomplish this. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Conditional column values in NSTableView?

    - by velocityb0y
    I have an NSTableView that binds via an NSArrayController to an NSMutableArray. What's in the array are derived classes; the first few columns of the table are bound to properties that exist on the base class. That all works fine. Where I'm running into problem is a column that should only be populated if the row maps to one specific subclass. The property that column is meant to display only exists in that subclass, since it makes no sense in terms of the base class. The user will know, from the first two columns, why the third column's cell is populated/editable or not. The binding on the third column's value is on arrangedObjects, with a model path of something like "foo.name" where foo is the property on the subclass. However, this doesn't work, as the other subclasses in the hierarchy are not key-value compliant for foo. It seems like my only choice is to have foo be a property on the base class so everybody responds to it, but this clutters up the interfaces of the model objects. Has anyone come up with a clean design for this situation? It can't be uncommon (I'm a relative newcomer to Cocoa and I'm just learning the ins and outs of bindings.)

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  • geom_ribbon doesn't work - Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : object 'variable' not found

    - by Marciszka
    I try to add a geom_ribbon object to my ggplot2 plot. In my data frame, I have an NA values that (I guess) may cause a problem. This is a reproducible example of data drame I have: base <- c(1:10, rep(NA, 10)) output1 <- c(rep(NA, 9), 10 - 0:10) output2 <- c(rep(NA, 9), 10 + 0:10) xaxis <- 1:20 df <- data.frame(xaxis, base, output1, output2) df xaxis base output1 output2 1 1 1 NA NA 2 2 2 NA NA 3 3 3 NA NA 4 4 4 NA NA 5 5 5 NA NA 6 6 6 NA NA 7 7 7 NA NA 8 8 8 NA NA 9 9 9 NA NA 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 NA 9 11 12 12 NA 8 12 13 13 NA 7 13 14 14 NA 6 14 15 15 NA 5 15 16 16 NA 4 16 17 17 NA 3 17 18 18 NA 2 18 19 19 NA 1 19 20 20 NA 0 20 And my attempt to plot a ggplot2 object with a geom_ribbon: dfm <- melt(df, id=1) ggplot(dfm, aes(x = xaxis, y = value, colour = variable)) + geom_line(aes(group=variable)) + geom_ribbon(data=df, aes(group = 1, ymin=output1, ymax=output2)) And, eventually, I got an error I cannot deal with: Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : object 'variable' not found Thank ypu in advance for any suggestions.

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  • rspec and ruby 1.9.1: problem with dummy controller and routes

    - by giorgian
    I want to test a module that basically executes some verify statements, to ensure that actions are invoked with the correct method. # /lib/rest_verification.rb module RestVerification def self.included(base) # :nodoc: base.extend(ClassMethods) end module ClassMethods def verify_rest_actions verify :method => :post, :only => [:create], :redirect_to => { :action => :new } ... end end end I tried this: describe RestVerification do class FooController < ActionController::Base include RestVerification verify_rest_actions def new ; end def index ; end def create ; end def edit ; end def update ; end def destroy ; end end # controller_name 'foo' # this only works with ruby 1.8.7 : 1.9.1 says "uninitialized constant FooController" tests FooController # this works with both before(:each) do ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map| map.resources :foo end end after(:each) do ActionController::Routing::Routes.reload! end it ':create should redirect to :new if invoked with wrong verb' do [:get, :put, :delete].each do |verb| send verb, :create response.should redirect_to(new_foo_url) end end ... end When testing: $ ruby -v ruby 1.8.7 (2010-01-10 patchlevel 249) [i486-linux] $ rake RestVerification :create should redirect to :new if invoked with wrong verb Finished in 0.175586 seconds $ rvm use 1.9.1 Using ruby 1.9.1 p378 $ rake RestVerification :create should redirect to :new if invoked with wrong verb (FAILED - 1) 1) 'RestVerification :create should redirect to :new if invoked with wrong verb' FAILED expected redirect to "http://test.host/foo/new", got redirect to "http://test.host/spec/rails/example/controller_example_group/subclass_1/foo/new" Is this a known issue? Is there a workaround?

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  • Castle, sharing a transient component between a decorator and a decorated component

    - by Marius
    Consider the following example: public interface ITask { void Execute(); } public class LoggingTaskRunner : ITask { private readonly ITask _taskToDecorate; private readonly MessageBuffer _messageBuffer; public LoggingTaskRunner(ITask taskToDecorate, MessageBuffer messageBuffer) { _taskToDecorate = taskToDecorate; _messageBuffer = messageBuffer; } public void Execute() { _taskToDecorate.Execute(); Log(_messageBuffer); } private void Log(MessageBuffer messageBuffer) {} } public class TaskRunner : ITask { public TaskRunner(MessageBuffer messageBuffer) { } public void Execute() { } } public class MessageBuffer { } public class Configuration { public void Configure() { IWindsorContainer container = null; container.Register( Component.For<MessageBuffer>() .LifeStyle.Transient); container.Register( Component.For<ITask>() .ImplementedBy<LoggingTaskRunner>() .ServiceOverrides(ServiceOverride.ForKey("taskToDecorate").Eq("task.to.decorate"))); container.Register( Component.For<ITask>() .ImplementedBy<TaskRunner>() .Named("task.to.decorate")); } } How can I make Windsor instantiate the "shared" transient component so that both "Decorator" and "Decorated" gets the same instance? Edit: since the design is being critiqued I am posting something closer to what is being done in the app. Maybe someone can suggest a better solution (if sharing the transient resource between a logger and the true task is considered a bad design)

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  • How are declared private ivars different from synthesized ivars?

    - by lemnar
    I know that the modern Objective-C runtime can synthesize ivars. I thought that synthesized ivars behaved exactly like declared ivars that are marked @private, but they don't. As a result, come code compiles only under the modern runtime that I expected would work on either. For example, a superclass: @interface A : NSObject { #if !__OBJC2__ @private NSString *_c; #endif } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *d; @end @implementation A @synthesize d=_c; - (void)dealloc { [_c release]; [super dealloc]; } @end and a subclass: @interface B : A { #if !__OBJC2__ @private NSString *_c; #endif } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *e; @end @implementation B @synthesize e=_c; - (void)dealloc { [_c release]; [super dealloc]; } @end A subclass can't have a declared ivar with the same name as one of its superclass's declared ivars, even if the superclass's ivar is private. This seems to me like a violation of the meaning of @private, since the subclass is affected by the superclass's choice of something private. What I'm more concerned about, however, is how should I think about synthesized ivars. I thought they acted like declared private ivars, but without the fragile base class problem. Maybe that's right, and I just don't understand the fragile base class problem. Why does the above code compile only in the modern runtime? Does the fragile base class problem exist when all superclass instance variables are private?

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  • web service client authentication

    - by Jack
    I want to consume Java based web service with c#.net client. The problem is, I couldnt authenticate to the service. it didnt work with this: mywebservice.Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential(userid, userpass); I tried to write base class for my client method. public class ClientProtocols : SoapHttpClientProtocol { protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri uri) { System.Net.WebRequest request = base.GetWebRequest(uri); if (null != Credentials) request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthHeader()); return request; } protected override WebResponse GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) { WebResponse response = base.GetWebResponse(request); return response; } private string GetAuthHeader() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append("Basic "); NetworkCredential cred = Credentials.GetCredential(new Uri(Url), "Basic"); string s = string.Format("{0}:{1}", cred.UserName, cred.Password); sb.Append(Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s))); return sb.ToString(); } } How can I use this class and authorize to the web service? Thanks.

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  • Overriding content_type for Rails Paperclip plugin

    - by Fotios
    I think I have a bit of a chicken and egg problem. I would like to set the content_type of a file uploaded via Paperclip. The problem is that the default content_type is only based on extension, but I'd like to base it on another module. I seem to be able to set the content_type with the before_post_process class Upload < ActiveRecord::Base has_attached_file :upload before_post_process :foo def foo logger.debug "Changing content_type" #This works self.upload.instance_write(:content_type,"foobar") # This fails because the file does not actually exist yet self.upload.instance_write(:content_type,file_type(self.upload.path) end # Returns the filetype based on file command (assume it works) def file_type(path) return `file -ib '#{path}'`.split(/;/)[0] end end But...I cannot base the content type on the file because Paperclip doesn't write the file until after_create. And I cannot seem to set the content_type after it has been saved or with the after_create callback (even back in the controller) So I would like to know if I can somehow get access to the actual file object (assume there are no processors doing anything to the original file) before it is saved, so that I can run the file_type command on that. Or is there a way to modify the content_type after the objects have been created.

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  • Doing coding in Linux through a virtual machine on Windows VS partitioning

    - by ihaveitnow
    I already have experience with setting up virtual machines, running them and other minor tasks. Im a gamer, so I wont get rid of windows (for now at least...) but I do want to be a great programmer and to be involved with the Open-Source community. Id like to know if its a good idea to do my programming in linux through a virtual machine, vs giving it a partitioned section of the HDD. Id like to know about performance pros and cons and functionality. All responses are appreciated, thanks in advance. The type of programming I intend to dive into : Android Dev, Web Dev, Desktop Dev...More Android and Web right now though. So im looking at C#,C,C++,Java,PHP,HTML,MySQL...Off the top of the dome. I do web designing as well, so dreamweaver is added as an "essential". But im sure I can do dreamweaver files and upload them to the server after programming in Linux...Right? And any info on IDE's in Linux for the above mentioned are appreciated, but i would prefer going the coding route and understanding the essence of whats happening "under the covers" Thanks to all for reading, I appreciate it. Hope this isnt confusing :S

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  • Leveraging hobby experience to get a job

    - by Bernard
    Like many other's I began programming at an early age. I started when I was 11 and I learned C when I was 14 (now 26). While most of what I did were games just to entertain myself I did everything from low level 2D graphics, and binary I/O, to interfacing with free API's, custom file systems, audio, 3D animations, OpenGL, web sites, etc. I worked on a wide variety of things trying to make various games. Because of this experience I have tested out of every college level C/C++ programming course I have ever been offered. In the classes I took, my classmates would need a week to do what I finished in class with an hour or two of work. I now have my degree now and I have 2 years of experience working full time as a web developer however I would like to get back into C++ and hopefully do simulation programming. Unfortunately I have yet to do C++ as a job, I have only done it for testing out of classes and doing my senior project in college. So most of what I have in C++ is still hobby experience and I don't know how to best convey that so that I don't end up stuck doing something too low level for me. Right now I see a job offer that requires 2 years of C++ experience, but I have at least 9 (I didn't do C++ everyday for the last 14 years). How do I convey my experience? How much is it truly worth? and How do I get it's full value? The best thing that I can think of is a demo and a portfolio, however that only comes into play after an interview has been secured. I used a portfolio to land my current job. All answers and advice are appreciated.

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  • Keeping updated with the latest technologies.

    - by Prashanth
    I am a software developer and I have been programming since the past six years. I simply love the mental challenge involved in trying to come up with solutions to hard problems, reading up programming literature, blogs by prominent developers and so on. I work on Microsoft platform and I have trouble keeping up with the pace at which various frameworks are rolled out. Remoting,WCF,ASP.NET,ASP.NET MVC, LINQ, WPF, WWF, OSLO, ADO.NET data services, DSL tools etc etc. Even understanding all these frameworks at an abstract level and see how they are all tied up with MS vision itself is a major hurdle. Now when you add other non microsoft technologies, programming languages etc to the equation, I wonder how do people manage? Given that there are only 24 hours in a day, how does one keep himself updated about so many technology changes that happen everyday? My question is , is it even worth doing that? The thing is, I am also interested in other fields such as literature, science. I try my best to at least gain a superficial understanding of what is happening in other fields of my interest and don't want to give up on that :)

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  • Different behaviour of method overloading in C#

    - by Wondering
    Hi All, I was going through C# Brainteasers(http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/teasers.html) and came accross one question:what should be the o/p of below code class Base { public virtual void Foo(int x) { Console.WriteLine ("Base.Foo(int)"); } } class Derived : Base { public override void Foo(int x) { Console.WriteLine ("Derived.Foo(int)"); } public void Foo(object o) { Console.WriteLine ("Derived.Foo(object)"); } } class Test { static void Main() { Derived d = new Derived(); int i = 10; d.Foo(i); // it prints ("Derived.Foo(object)" } } but if I change the code to enter code here class Derived { public void Foo(int x) { Console.WriteLine("Derived.Foo(int)"); } public void Foo(object o) { Console.WriteLine("Derived.Foo(object)"); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Derived d = new Derived(); int i = 10; d.Foo(i); // prints Derived.Foo(int)"); Console.ReadKey(); } } I want to why the o/p is getting changde when we are inheriting vs not inheriting , why method overloading is behaving differently in both the cases

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  • Yii CGridView and dropdown filter

    - by Dmitriy Gunchenko
    I created dropdown filter, it's display, but don't worked right. As I anderstand trouble in search() method view: $this->widget('zii.widgets.grid.CGridView', array( 'dataProvider'=>$model->search(), 'filter' => $model, 'columns'=>array( array( 'name' => 'client_id', 'filter' => CHtml::listData(Client::model()->findAll(), 'client_id', 'name'), 'value'=>'$data->client->name' ), 'task' ) )); I have to tables, and they relations are shown down model: public function relations() { // NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related // class name for the relations automatically generated below. return array( 'client' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'Client', 'client_id'), ); } public function search() { // Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that // should not be searched. $criteria=new CDbCriteria; $criteria->with = array('client'); $criteria->compare('task_id',$this->task_id); $criteria->compare('client_id',$this->client_id); $criteria->compare('name',$this->client->name); $criteria->compare('task',$this->task,true); $criteria->compare('start_date',$this->start_date,true); $criteria->compare('end_date',$this->end_date,true); $criteria->compare('complete',$this->complete); return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array( 'criteria'=>$criteria, )); }

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  • Rails: Getting rid of generic "X is invalid" validation errors

    - by DJTripleThreat
    I have a sign-up form that has nested associations/attributes whatever you want to call them. My Hierarchy is this: class User < ActiveRecord::Base acts_as_authentic belongs_to :user_role, :polymorphic => true end class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :user, :as => :user_role, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :user, :allow_destroy => true validates_associated :user end class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :user, :as => :user_role, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :user, :allow_destroy => true validates_associated :user end I have some validation stuff in these classes as well. My problem is that if I try to create and Customer (or Employee etc) with a blank form I get all of the validation errors I should get plus some Generic ones like "User is invalid" and "Customer is invalid" If I iterate through the errors I get something like: user.login can't be blank User is invalid customer.whatever is blah blah blah...etc customer.some_other_error etc etc Since there is at least one invalid field in the nested User model, an extra "X is invalid" message is added to the list of errors. This gets confusing to my client and so I'm wondering if there is a quick way to do this instead of having to filer through the errors myself.

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  • Career day in kindergarten

    - by Péter Török
    I was invited to the kindergarten group of my elder daughter to talk and answer the kids' questions about my profession. There are 26 kids of age 4-6 in the group, plus 3 teachers who are fairly scared of anything related to programming and IT themselves, but bold enough to learn new tricks. I would have about 20-30 minutes, without projector or anything. They have an old computer though, which by its look may be a 486, and I am not even sure if it's functioning. My research turned up excellent earlier threads, with lots of good tips: How would you explain your job to a 5-year old? Career Day: how do I make “computer programmer” sound cool to 8 year olds? What things can I teach a group of children about programming in one day? My situation is different from each of the above though: the latter ones are concerned with older children, while the first one is about talking to a single kid (or elder person)—a group of 20 is a whole different challenge. How can I teach the kids and their teachers about programming in a fun way?

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  • Accepts Nested Attributes For - edit form displays incorrect number of items ( + !map:ActiveSupport:

    - by Brightbyte8
    Hi, I have a teacher profile model which has many subjects (separate model). I want to add subjects to the profile on the same form for creating/editing a profile. I'm using accepts_nested_attributes for and this works fine for creation. However on the edit page I am getting a very strange error - instead of seeing 3 subjects (I added three at create and a look into the console confirms this), I see 12 subjects(!). #Profile model class Profile < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :subjects accepts_nested_attributes_for :subjects end #Subject Model class Subject < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :profile end #Profile Controller (only showing deviations from normal RESTFUL setup) def new @profile = Profile.new 3.times do @profile.subjects.build end end #Here's 1 of three parts of the subject output of = debug @profile errors: !ruby/object:ActiveRecord::Errors base: *id004 errors: !map:ActiveSupport::OrderedHash {} subjects: - &id001 !ruby/object:Subject attributes: exam: Either name: "7" created_at: 2010-04-15 10:38:13 updated_at: 2010-04-15 10:38:13 level: Either id: "31" profile_id: "3" attributes_cache: {} # Note that 3 of these attributes are displayed despite me seeing 12 subjects on screen Other info in case it's relevant. Rails: 2.3.5 Ruby 1.8.7 p149 HAML I've never had so much difficulty with a bug before - I've already lost about 8 hours to it. Would really appreciate any help! Thanks to any courageous takers Jack

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  • Saving an active record, in what order are the associated objects saved?

    - by Bryan
    In rails, when saving an active_record object, its associated objects will be saved as well. But has_one and has_many association have different order in saving objects. I have three simplified models: class Team < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :players has_one :coach end class Player < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :team validates_presence_of :team_id end class Coach < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :team validates_presence_of :team_id end I expected that when team.save is called, team should be saved before its associated coach and players. I use the following code to test these models: t = Team.new team.coach = Coach.new team.save! team.save! returns true. But in another test: t = Team.new team.players << Player.new team.save! team.save! gives the following error: > ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: > Validation failed: Players is invalid I figured out that team.save! saves objects in the following order: 1) players, 2) team, and 3) coach. This is why I got the error: When a player is saved, team doesn't yet have a id, so validates_presence_of :team_id fails in player. Can someone explain to me why objects are saved in this order? This seems not logical to me.

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