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  • What question(s) does an object's behavior answer?

    - by Corwin
    Reading a book I have found the following statement: (Object) Behaviors answer either of two questions: What does this object do (for me)? or What can I do to this object? In the case of an orange, it doesn’t do a whole lot, but we can do things to it. One behavior is that it can be eaten. In my understanding of object behaviour the statement above is correct regarding the first question and is incorrect in case of the second. However, I often see classes with methods like Orange::eat(), and this makes me uncertain about my design skills. So I would like to ask is it a design mistake to give oranges a behaviour eat? (oranges and eat are used just for example)

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  • Is there a linear-time performance guarantee with using an Iterator?

    - by polygenelubricants
    If all that you're doing is a simple one-pass iteration (i.e. only hasNext() and next(), no remove()), are you guaranteed linear time performance and/or amortized constant cost per operation? Is this specified in the Iterator contract anywhere? Are there data structures/Java Collection which cannot be iterated in linear time? java.util.Scanner implements Iterator<String>. A Scanner is hardly a data structure (e.g. remove() makes absolutely no sense). Is this considered a design blunder? Is something like PrimeGenerator implements Iterator<Integer> considered bad design, or is this exactly what Iterator is for? (hasNext() always returns true, next() computes the next number on demand, remove() makes no sense). Similarly, would it have made sense for java.util.Random implements Iterator<Double>?

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  • Annoying Bug in banner cycle

    - by Davemof
    I have created a rotating banner script for a new site I'm developing View banner here(it rotates every 10 seconds) Unfortunately to the transition seems to be a biut buggy, and the image will fade out, show the same image again and then fade in the new one. I think I have made a simple error somewhere, but can't figure out where it is. the code used to cycle the banners is: In document ready: if ($('.home').length > 0){ $('<img width="100%" />').attr('src', '/assets/img/backgrounds/home/hero'+homecount+'.jpg').load(function(){ $('.hero').append( $(this) ); $('.hero img').fadeIn('medium').delay(10000).fadeOut('slow', loopImages); setHeroHeight(); }); } Outside document ready: function loopImages(){ homecount = homecount+1; if (homecount > 5){ homecount = 1; } $('.hero img') .attr('src', '/assets/img/backgrounds/home/hero'+homecount+'.jpg') .load(function(){ $('.hero img').fadeIn('fast')}).delay(10000).fadeOut('slow', loopImages); } Any help would be greatly appreciated Thanks Dave

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  • Multiple Rails forks with separate designs and layouts

    - by mettadore
    I have a Rails project that is basically a simple web app for a membership-based organization. We've open sourced the code on Github for the web app so that others can use it, but have a licensed design/layout that the original organization is going to use. This layout cannot be open sourced. I was wondering if others have run into the situation where you have an open-source Rails app with a non-OS design. My initial thought is to put app/views in .gitignore, and to have anyone forking the code add their own views directory, perhaps including an app/views_default directory with a web-app-theme layout or something else to get people running. Is this the best option (realizing that there are other files such as JavaScript, CSS, etc that come with the layout that must also be ignored). Does anyone have some good thoughts or pointers on this?

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  • How have your coding values changed since graduating?

    - by Matt
    We all walked out of school with the stars in our eyes and little experience in "real-world" programming. How have your opinions on programming as a craft changed since you've gained more experience away from academia? I've become more and more about design a la McConnell : wide use of encapsulation, quality code that gives you warm fuzzy feelings when you read it, maintainability over execution performance, etc..., whereas many of my co-workers have followed a different path of fewer middlemen layers getting in the way, code that is right out in the open and easier to locate, even if harder to read, and performance-centric designs. What have you learned about the craft of software design which has changed the way you approach coding since leaving the academic world?

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  • How to add user customized data to database?

    - by CSharperWithJava
    I am trying to design a sqlite database that will store notes. Each of these notes will have common fields like title, due date, details, priority, and completed. In addition though, I would like to add data for more specialized notes like price for shopping list items and author/publisher data for books. I also want to have a few general purpose fields that users can fill with whatever text data they want. How can I design my database table in this case? I could just have a field for each piece of data for every note, but that would waste a lot of fields and I'd like to have other options and suggestions.

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  • conceptually different entities with a few similar properties should be stored in one table or more?

    - by Haghpanah
    Assume A and B are conceptually different entities that have a few similar properties and of course their own specific properties. In database design, should I put those two entities in one big aggregated table or two respectively designed tables. For instance, I have two types of payment; Online-payment and Manual-payment with following definition, TABLE [OnlinePayments] ( [ID] [uniqueidentifier], [UserID] [uniqueidentifier], [TrackingCode] [nvarchar](32), [ReferingCode] [nvarchar](32), [BankingAccID] [uniqueidentifier], [Status] [int], [Amount] [money], [Comments] [nvarchar](768), [CreatedAt] [datetime], [ShopingCartID] [uniqueidentifier], ) And TABLE [ManualPayments] ( [ID] [uniqueidentifier], [UserID] [uniqueidentifier], [BankingAccID] [uniqueidentifier], [BankingOrgID] [uniqueidentifier], [BranchName] [nvarchar](64), [BranchCode] [nvarchar](16), [Amount] [money], [SlipNumber] [nvarchar](64), [SlipImage] [image], [PaidAt] [datetime], [Comments] [nvarchar](768), [CreatedAt] [datetime], [IsApproved] [bit], [ApprovedByID] [uniqueidentifier], ) One of my friends told me that creating two distinct tables for such similar entities is not a well design method and they should be put in one single table for the sake of performance and ease of data manipulations. I’m now wondering what to do? What is the best practice in such a case?

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  • Designing server communications like DNS

    - by fryme
    I'm just need some help about server design. I need help in the design of the structure of the server application. Need to develop a network of servers that interact with each other. If a server receives a request and the server can not comply it, then the request is sent to another server and the result will be refunded to the sender. Information on all servers is different, and sender did not know where the result is placed in. The first thing that comes to mind is to use the model(scheme) of the DNS. But any interesting detailed articles on this subject I have not found. Any ideas?

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  • Set to null a parent record so that children are removed: howto?

    - by EugeneP
    How to delete a child row (on delete cascade ?) when setting a null value on a parent? Here's the db design. table A [id, b_id_1, b_id_2] table B [id, other fields...] b_id_1 and b_id_2 can be NULL if any of them is null, it means NO B records for corresponding FK (there are 2 of them) so (b_id_1,b_id_2) can be (null,null), (100, null), (null, 100_or_any_other_number) etc How in one SQL query both set b_id_1 or b_id_2 to null and delete all rows from B that have this id? What FK design should be applied to the 2 tables? what foreign keys should be added? A - B (FK_1: A.b_id_1 references B.id, FK_2: A.b_id_2 references B.id) and also B-A (FK_3: B.id references A.b_id_1, FK_4: B.id references A.b_id_2) ? But again, setting an A's b_id_1 or A's b_id_2 to null - will it remove any of B's records? I don't think so. So how to do that?

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  • Inheritance policy when designing the base class

    - by Xaqron
    I have a base class and a derived class both in design phase. The base class will remain one but many derived class will inherit from it. So it's very costly to make change to derived classes in the future and I'm looking for the best design to prevent this. In fact derived class only needs a few methods to override (if needed) but it's tempting to reveal more details to it. My question is about the policy which is extensible in future. Can I minimize the inherited methods/properties to derived class and reveal more in the next versions if needed without any change to derived classes ? Or I should reveal anything that maybe used by derived classes in the future and let them to choose if they need them or not ? Thanks

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  • Application wide messaging... without singletons?

    - by StormianRootSolver
    So, I want to go for a more Singleton - less design in the future. However, there seem to be a lot of tasks in an application that can't be done in meaningful way without singletons. I call them "application wide services", but they also fall into the same category as the cross cutting concerns, which I usually fix via AOP. Lets take an example: I want an application wide message queue that dispatches messages to components, every component can subscribe and publish there, it's a very nice multicast thing. The message queue and dispatching system are usually a (rather short) singleton class, which is very easy to implement in, say, C#. You can even use double dispatching and utilize message type metadata and the like, it's all so easy to do, it's almost trivial. However, having singletons is not really "object oriented design" (it introduces global variables) and it makes testing harder. Do you have any ideas? I'm asking this question because I'm willing to learn more about this topic, a LOT more. :-)

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  • building website with menu without using frames

    - by kms333
    With Dreamweaver, I use frames to define a left column menu, and clicking on each menu tab would change the html page displayed on the right frame. However, webdesign tools such as kompozer do not support frames. 1 - What is the best way to design a html personal webpage with such menu bars, without using frames ? 2 - If html is not enough, what other scripting languages would you recommend to learn for someone with Java background and have basic knowledge of html and css. 3 - What web-design tools would you recommend to build a personal website ?

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  • Designing operation (a,b) -> (c,d)

    - by golergka
    I have an operation that I need to design. That operation takes two objects of a certain class X, and returns two new objects of the same class (I may need the originals later). The logic that dictates the selection of this object is contained in class Y. On one hand, I don't want class Y to know details about class X implementation; on the other, I don't want class X to know details about selecting the different objects to perform this operation on. If that was all the problem, I'd just create a static method on class A. However, the methods in language I'm working on return only one object. Also, the operation needs to be robust, and calling operation two times to get C and D respectively isn't possible, as both C & D both rely on a single random number. How should I design such operation? Update: I'm using Obejctive C.

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  • Are free and open source templates, themes, self content management systems replacing the need of we

    - by metal-gear-solid
    Are free and open source templates, themes, self content management systems replacing the need of web designers? You can find templates online for pretty much anything these days. There are html and css templates, templates for Wordpress, all sorts of different cms templates, e-ecommerce templates, etc. Many of these are pretty cheap and some are even free, so where do web designers fit into this picture? I’ve had many clients and potential customers ask why they should use my services instead of just buying a cheap template. Are web designers being replaced?

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  • What are good design practices when working with Entity Framework

    - by AD
    This will apply mostly for an asp.net application where the data is not accessed via soa. Meaning that you get access to the objects loaded from the framework, not Transfer Objects, although some recommendation still apply. This is a community post, so please add to it as you see fit. Applies to: Entity Framework 1.0 shipped with Visual Studio 2008 sp1. Why pick EF in the first place? Considering it is a young technology with plenty of problems (see below), it may be a hard sell to get on the EF bandwagon for your project. However, it is the technology Microsoft is pushing (at the expense of Linq2Sql, which is a subset of EF). In addition, you may not be satisfied with NHibernate or other solutions out there. Whatever the reasons, there are people out there (including me) working with EF and life is not bad.make you think. EF and inheritance The first big subject is inheritance. EF does support mapping for inherited classes that are persisted in 2 ways: table per class and table the hierarchy. The modeling is easy and there are no programming issues with that part. (The following applies to table per class model as I don't have experience with table per hierarchy, which is, anyway, limited.) The real problem comes when you are trying to run queries that include one or many objects that are part of an inheritance tree: the generated sql is incredibly awful, takes a long time to get parsed by the EF and takes a long time to execute as well. This is a real show stopper. Enough that EF should probably not be used with inheritance or as little as possible. Here is an example of how bad it was. My EF model had ~30 classes, ~10 of which were part of an inheritance tree. On running a query to get one item from the Base class, something as simple as Base.Get(id), the generated SQL was over 50,000 characters. Then when you are trying to return some Associations, it degenerates even more, going as far as throwing SQL exceptions about not being able to query more than 256 tables at once. Ok, this is bad, EF concept is to allow you to create your object structure without (or with as little as possible) consideration on the actual database implementation of your table. It completely fails at this. So, recommendations? Avoid inheritance if you can, the performance will be so much better. Use it sparingly where you have to. In my opinion, this makes EF a glorified sql-generation tool for querying, but there are still advantages to using it. And ways to implement mechanism that are similar to inheritance. Bypassing inheritance with Interfaces First thing to know with trying to get some kind of inheritance going with EF is that you cannot assign a non-EF-modeled class a base class. Don't even try it, it will get overwritten by the modeler. So what to do? You can use interfaces to enforce that classes implement some functionality. For example here is a IEntity interface that allow you to define Associations between EF entities where you don't know at design time what the type of the entity would be. public enum EntityTypes{ Unknown = -1, Dog = 0, Cat } public interface IEntity { int EntityID { get; } string Name { get; } Type EntityType { get; } } public partial class Dog : IEntity { // implement EntityID and Name which could actually be fields // from your EF model Type EntityType{ get{ return EntityTypes.Dog; } } } Using this IEntity, you can then work with undefined associations in other classes // lets take a class that you defined in your model. // that class has a mapping to the columns: PetID, PetType public partial class Person { public IEntity GetPet() { return IEntityController.Get(PetID,PetType); } } which makes use of some extension functions: public class IEntityController { static public IEntity Get(int id, EntityTypes type) { switch (type) { case EntityTypes.Dog: return Dog.Get(id); case EntityTypes.Cat: return Cat.Get(id); default: throw new Exception("Invalid EntityType"); } } } Not as neat as having plain inheritance, particularly considering you have to store the PetType in an extra database field, but considering the performance gains, I would not look back. It also cannot model one-to-many, many-to-many relationship, but with creative uses of 'Union' it could be made to work. Finally, it creates the side effet of loading data in a property/function of the object, which you need to be careful about. Using a clear naming convention like GetXYZ() helps in that regards. Compiled Queries Entity Framework performance is not as good as direct database access with ADO (obviously) or Linq2SQL. There are ways to improve it however, one of which is compiling your queries. The performance of a compiled query is similar to Linq2Sql. What is a compiled query? It is simply a query for which you tell the framework to keep the parsed tree in memory so it doesn't need to be regenerated the next time you run it. So the next run, you will save the time it takes to parse the tree. Do not discount that as it is a very costly operation that gets even worse with more complex queries. There are 2 ways to compile a query: creating an ObjectQuery with EntitySQL and using CompiledQuery.Compile() function. (Note that by using an EntityDataSource in your page, you will in fact be using ObjectQuery with EntitySQL, so that gets compiled and cached). An aside here in case you don't know what EntitySQL is. It is a string-based way of writing queries against the EF. Here is an example: "select value dog from Entities.DogSet as dog where dog.ID = @ID". The syntax is pretty similar to SQL syntax. You can also do pretty complex object manipulation, which is well explained [here][1]. Ok, so here is how to do it using ObjectQuery< string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); The first time you run this query, the framework will generate the expression tree and keep it in memory. So the next time it gets executed, you will save on that costly step. In that example EnablePlanCaching = true, which is unnecessary since that is the default option. The other way to compile a query for later use is the CompiledQuery.Compile method. This uses a delegate: static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => ctx.DogSet.FirstOrDefault(it => it.ID == id)); or using linq static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); to call the query: query_GetDog.Invoke( YourContext, id ); The advantage of CompiledQuery is that the syntax of your query is checked at compile time, where as EntitySQL is not. However, there are other consideration... Includes Lets say you want to have the data for the dog owner to be returned by the query to avoid making 2 calls to the database. Easy to do, right? EntitySQL string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)).Include("Owner"); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); CompiledQuery static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include("Owner") where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); Now, what if you want to have the Include parametrized? What I mean is that you want to have a single Get() function that is called from different pages that care about different relationships for the dog. One cares about the Owner, another about his FavoriteFood, another about his FavotireToy and so on. Basicly, you want to tell the query which associations to load. It is easy to do with EntitySQL public Dog Get(int id, string include) { string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)) .IncludeMany(include); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); } The include simply uses the passed string. Easy enough. Note that it is possible to improve on the Include(string) function (that accepts only a single path) with an IncludeMany(string) that will let you pass a string of comma-separated associations to load. Look further in the extension section for this function. If we try to do it with CompiledQuery however, we run into numerous problems: The obvious static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, Dog>((ctx, id, include) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include(include) where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); will choke when called with: query_GetDog.Invoke( YourContext, id, "Owner,FavoriteFood" ); Because, as mentionned above, Include() only wants to see a single path in the string and here we are giving it 2: "Owner" and "FavoriteFood" (which is not to be confused with "Owner.FavoriteFood"!). Then, let's use IncludeMany(), which is an extension function static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, Dog>((ctx, id, include) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.IncludeMany(include) where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); Wrong again, this time it is because the EF cannot parse IncludeMany because it is not part of the functions that is recognizes: it is an extension. Ok, so you want to pass an arbitrary number of paths to your function and Includes() only takes a single one. What to do? You could decide that you will never ever need more than, say 20 Includes, and pass each separated strings in a struct to CompiledQuery. But now the query looks like this: from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include(include1).Include(include2).Include(include3) .Include(include4).Include(include5).Include(include6) .[...].Include(include19).Include(include20) where dog.ID == id select dog which is awful as well. Ok, then, but wait a minute. Can't we return an ObjectQuery< with CompiledQuery? Then set the includes on that? Well, that what I would have thought so as well: static readonly Func<Entities, int, ObjectQuery<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, ObjectQuery<Dog>>((ctx, id) => (ObjectQuery<Dog>)(from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog)); public Dog GetDog( int id, string include ) { ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = query_GetDog(id); oQuery = oQuery.IncludeMany(include); return oQuery.FirstOrDefault; } That should have worked, except that when you call IncludeMany (or Include, Where, OrderBy...) you invalidate the cached compiled query because it is an entirely new one now! So, the expression tree needs to be reparsed and you get that performance hit again. So what is the solution? You simply cannot use CompiledQueries with parametrized Includes. Use EntitySQL instead. This doesn't mean that there aren't uses for CompiledQueries. It is great for localized queries that will always be called in the same context. Ideally CompiledQuery should always be used because the syntax is checked at compile time, but due to limitation, that's not possible. An example of use would be: you may want to have a page that queries which two dogs have the same favorite food, which is a bit narrow for a BusinessLayer function, so you put it in your page and know exactly what type of includes are required. Passing more than 3 parameters to a CompiledQuery Func is limited to 5 parameters, of which the last one is the return type and the first one is your Entities object from the model. So that leaves you with 3 parameters. A pitance, but it can be improved on very easily. public struct MyParams { public string param1; public int param2; public DateTime param3; } static readonly Func<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, myParams) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == myParams.param2 && dog.Name == myParams.param1 and dog.BirthDate > myParams.param3 select dog); public List<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string Name, DateTime birthDate ) { MyParams myParams = new MyParams(); myParams.param1 = name; myParams.param2 = age; myParams.param3 = birthDate; return query_GetDog(YourContext,myParams).ToList(); } Return Types (this does not apply to EntitySQL queries as they aren't compiled at the same time during execution as the CompiledQuery method) Working with Linq, you usually don't force the execution of the query until the very last moment, in case some other functions downstream wants to change the query in some way: static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, age, name) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == age && dog.Name == name select dog); public IEnumerable<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string name ) { return query_GetDog(YourContext,age,name); } public void DataBindStuff() { IEnumerable<Dog> dogs = GetSomeDogs(4,"Bud"); // but I want the dogs ordered by BirthDate gridView.DataSource = dogs.OrderBy( it => it.BirthDate ); } What is going to happen here? By still playing with the original ObjectQuery (that is the actual return type of the Linq statement, which implements IEnumerable), it will invalidate the compiled query and be force to re-parse. So, the rule of thumb is to return a List< of objects instead. static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, age, name) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == age && dog.Name == name select dog); public List<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string name ) { return query_GetDog(YourContext,age,name).ToList(); //<== change here } public void DataBindStuff() { List<Dog> dogs = GetSomeDogs(4,"Bud"); // but I want the dogs ordered by BirthDate gridView.DataSource = dogs.OrderBy( it => it.BirthDate ); } When you call ToList(), the query gets executed as per the compiled query and then, later, the OrderBy is executed against the objects in memory. It may be a little bit slower, but I'm not even sure. One sure thing is that you have no worries about mis-handling the ObjectQuery and invalidating the compiled query plan. Once again, that is not a blanket statement. ToList() is a defensive programming trick, but if you have a valid reason not to use ToList(), go ahead. There are many cases in which you would want to refine the query before executing it. Performance What is the performance impact of compiling a query? It can actually be fairly large. A rule of thumb is that compiling and caching the query for reuse takes at least double the time of simply executing it without caching. For complex queries (read inherirante), I have seen upwards to 10 seconds. So, the first time a pre-compiled query gets called, you get a performance hit. After that first hit, performance is noticeably better than the same non-pre-compiled query. Practically the same as Linq2Sql When you load a page with pre-compiled queries the first time you will get a hit. It will load in maybe 5-15 seconds (obviously more than one pre-compiled queries will end up being called), while subsequent loads will take less than 300ms. Dramatic difference, and it is up to you to decide if it is ok for your first user to take a hit or you want a script to call your pages to force a compilation of the queries. Can this query be cached? { Dog dog = from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog; } No, ad-hoc Linq queries are not cached and you will incur the cost of generating the tree every single time you call it. Parametrized Queries Most search capabilities involve heavily parametrized queries. There are even libraries available that will let you build a parametrized query out of lamba expressions. The problem is that you cannot use pre-compiled queries with those. One way around that is to map out all the possible criteria in the query and flag which one you want to use: public struct MyParams { public string name; public bool checkName; public int age; public bool checkAge; } static readonly Func<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, myParams) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where (myParams.checkAge == true && dog.Age == myParams.age) && (myParams.checkName == true && dog.Name == myParams.name ) select dog); protected List<Dog> GetSomeDogs() { MyParams myParams = new MyParams(); myParams.name = "Bud"; myParams.checkName = true; myParams.age = 0; myParams.checkAge = false; return query_GetDog(YourContext,myParams).ToList(); } The advantage here is that you get all the benifits of a pre-compiled quert. The disadvantages are that you most likely will end up with a where clause that is pretty difficult to maintain, that you will incur a bigger penalty for pre-compiling the query and that each query you run is not as efficient as it could be (particularly with joins thrown in). Another way is to build an EntitySQL query piece by piece, like we all did with SQL. protected List<Dod> GetSomeDogs( string name, int age) { string query = "select value dog from Entities.DogSet where 1 = 1 "; if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) query = query + " and dog.Name == @Name "; if( age > 0 ) query = query + " and dog.Age == @Age "; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>( query, YourContext ); if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "Name", name ) ); if( age > 0 ) oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "Age", age ) ); return oQuery.ToList(); } Here the problems are: - there is no syntax checking during compilation - each different combination of parameters generate a different query which will need to be pre-compiled when it is first run. In this case, there are only 4 different possible queries (no params, age-only, name-only and both params), but you can see that there can be way more with a normal world search. - Noone likes to concatenate strings! Another option is to query a large subset of the data and then narrow it down in memory. This is particularly useful if you are working with a definite subset of the data, like all the dogs in a city. You know there are a lot but you also know there aren't that many... so your CityDog search page can load all the dogs for the city in memory, which is a single pre-compiled query and then refine the results protected List<Dod> GetSomeDogs( string name, int age, string city) { string query = "select value dog from Entities.DogSet where dog.Owner.Address.City == @City "; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>( query, YourContext ); oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "City", city ) ); List<Dog> dogs = oQuery.ToList(); if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) dogs = dogs.Where( it => it.Name == name ); if( age > 0 ) dogs = dogs.Where( it => it.Age == age ); return dogs; } It is particularly useful when you start displaying all the data then allow for filtering. Problems: - Could lead to serious data transfer if you are not careful about your subset. - You can only filter on the data that you returned. It means that if you don't return the Dog.Owner association, you will not be able to filter on the Dog.Owner.Name So what is the best solution? There isn't any. You need to pick the solution that works best for you and your problem: - Use lambda-based query building when you don't care about pre-compiling your queries. - Use fully-defined pre-compiled Linq query when your object structure is not too complex. - Use EntitySQL/string concatenation when the structure could be complex and when the possible number of different resulting queries are small (which means fewer pre-compilation hits). - Use in-memory filtering when you are working with a smallish subset of the data or when you had to fetch all of the data on the data at first anyway (if the performance is fine with all the data, then filtering in memory will not cause any time to be spent in the db). Singleton access The best way to deal with your context and entities accross all your pages is to use the singleton pattern: public sealed class YourContext { private const string instanceKey = "On3GoModelKey"; YourContext(){} public static YourEntities Instance { get { HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current; if( context == null ) return Nested.instance; if (context.Items[instanceKey] == null) { On3GoEntities entity = new On3GoEntities(); context.Items[instanceKey] = entity; } return (YourEntities)context.Items[instanceKey]; } } class Nested { // Explicit static constructor to tell C# compiler // not to mark type as beforefieldinit static Nested() { } internal static readonly YourEntities instance = new YourEntities(); } } NoTracking, is it worth it? When executing a query, you can tell the framework to track the objects it will return or not. What does it mean? With tracking enabled (the default option), the framework will track what is going on with the object (has it been modified? Created? Deleted?) and will also link objects together, when further queries are made from the database, which is what is of interest here. For example, lets assume that Dog with ID == 2 has an owner which ID == 10. Dog dog = (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog).FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; Person owner = (from o in YourContext.PersonSet where o.ID == 10 select dog).FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == true; If we were to do the same with no tracking, the result would be different. ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>) (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Dog dog = oDogQuery.FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; ObjectQuery<Person> oPersonQuery = (ObjectQuery<Person>) (from o in YourContext.PersonSet where o.ID == 10 select o); oPersonQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Owner owner = oPersonQuery.FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; Tracking is very useful and in a perfect world without performance issue, it would always be on. But in this world, there is a price for it, in terms of performance. So, should you use NoTracking to speed things up? It depends on what you are planning to use the data for. Is there any chance that the data your query with NoTracking can be used to make update/insert/delete in the database? If so, don't use NoTracking because associations are not tracked and will causes exceptions to be thrown. In a page where there are absolutly no updates to the database, you can use NoTracking. Mixing tracking and NoTracking is possible, but it requires you to be extra careful with updates/inserts/deletes. The problem is that if you mix then you risk having the framework trying to Attach() a NoTracking object to the context where another copy of the same object exist with tracking on. Basicly, what I am saying is that Dog dog1 = (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2).FirstOrDefault(); ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>) (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Dog dog2 = oDogQuery.FirstOrDefault(); dog1 and dog2 are 2 different objects, one tracked and one not. Using the detached object in an update/insert will force an Attach() that will say "Wait a minute, I do already have an object here with the same database key. Fail". And when you Attach() one object, all of its hierarchy gets attached as well, causing problems everywhere. Be extra careful. How much faster is it with NoTracking It depends on the queries. Some are much more succeptible to tracking than other. I don't have a fast an easy rule for it, but it helps. So I should use NoTracking everywhere then? Not exactly. There are some advantages to tracking object. The first one is that the object is cached, so subsequent call for that object will not hit the database. That cache is only valid for the lifetime of the YourEntities object, which, if you use the singleton code above, is the same as the page lifetime. One page request == one YourEntity object. So for multiple calls for the same object, it will load only once per page request. (Other caching mechanism could extend that). What happens when you are using NoTracking and try to load the same object multiple times? The database will be queried each time, so there is an impact there. How often do/should you call for the same object during a single page request? As little as possible of course, but it does happens. Also remember the piece above about having the associations connected automatically for your? You don't have that with NoTracking, so if you load your data in multiple batches, you will not have a link to between them: ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>)(from dog in YourContext.DogSet select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; List<Dog> dogs = oDogQuery.ToList(); ObjectQuery<Person> oPersonQuery = (ObjectQuery<Person>)(from o in YourContext.PersonSet select o); oPersonQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; List<Person> owners = oPersonQuery.ToList(); In this case, no dog will have its .Owner property set. Some things to keep in mind when you are trying to optimize the performance. No lazy loading, what am I to do? This can be seen as a blessing in disguise. Of course it is annoying to load everything manually. However, it decreases the number of calls to the db and forces you to think about when you should load data. The more you can load in one database call the better. That was always true, but it is enforced now with this 'feature' of EF. Of course, you can call if( !ObjectReference.IsLoaded ) ObjectReference.Load(); if you want to, but a better practice is to force the framework to load the objects you know you will need in one shot. This is where the discussion about parametrized Includes begins to make sense. Lets say you have you Dog object public class Dog { public Dog Get(int id) { return YourContext.DogSet.FirstOrDefault(it => it.ID == id ); } } This is the type of function you work with all the time. It gets called from all over the place and once you have that Dog object, you will do very different things to it in different functions. First, it should be pre-compiled, because you will call that very often. Second, each different pages will want to have access to a different subset of the Dog data. Some will want the Owner, some the FavoriteToy, etc. Of course, you could call Load() for each reference you need anytime you need one. But that will generate a call to the database each time. Bad idea. So instead, each page will ask for the data it wants to see when it first request for the Dog object: static public Dog Get(int id) { return GetDog(entity,"");} static public Dog Get(int id, string includePath) { string query = "select value o " + " from YourEntities.DogSet as o " +

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  • IIS6: Web Site presenting the wrong SSL certificate

    - by pcampbell
    Consider an IIS6 installation with multiple Web Sites. Each is intended to be a different subdomain with its own cert (not a wildcard cert). Each has their host-header specified properly. foo.example.com - port 443. Require SSL w/128 bit. Working properly! It presents its SSL cert properly to the browser. Configured for a specific IP address. bar.example.com - port 443. Require SSL w/128 bit. Configured for all unassigned addresses. When inspecting the IIS property page, it fully shows the cert for bar.example.com on the View Certificate button. This is a NEW web site that is having cert problems. It's presenting the cert for foo.example.com. Ouch! Question: can you have more than one subdomains both running on separate websites with SSL certs on the same port (443)? How would you configure 2 web sites on the same range of 'all unassigned' for the same port (443) ? Update: ignoring the cert error, when browsing to https://bar, the content served is from https://foo site. When NOT using SSL, browsing to http://bar serves the correct content from bar. Just one address is assigned to this DMZ server.

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  • Apache Reverse Proxy not working inside a VirtualHost running a Mono Web Application

    - by Arwen
    I have a mono web application running with this virtual host below. It is running on Apache 2.2.20 / Ubuntu 11.10. I tried to add a reverse proxy inside this virtualhost so I can make asynchronous or AJAX type calls back to this same domain. My asynchronous requests would have problems in many browsers calling services that are on another domain (cross domain requests problem). I am wanting to do reverse proxy calls to this other service using http://www.whatever.com/monkey/. So, I added the directive and top directive to try to make this work. It is weird though...nothing I do seems to have any effect. I can put the exact same markup in my default website virtualhost file and it works great. What is the deal? Are some of these Mono directives causing problems? <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.whatever.com ServerAlias whatever.com *.whatever.com ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/myuser/web/whatever ProxyRequests off <Proxy *> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Proxy> <Location /monkey/> ProxyPass http://www.google.com/ ProxyPassReverse http://www.google.com/ </Location> MonoServerPath www.whatever.com "/usr/bin/mod-mono-server2" MonoSetEnv www.whatever.com MONO_IOMAP=all MonoApplications www.whatever.com "/:/home/myuser/web/whatever" <Location "/"> Allow from all Order allow,deny MonoSetServerAlias www.whatever.com SetHandler mono SetOutputFilter DEFLATE SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI "\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$" no-gzip dont-vary </Location> <IfModule mod_deflate.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/javascript </IfModule> </VirtualHost>

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  • getting "No LoginModules configured" for JAAS login under WebSphere security domain

    - by user1739040
    I have a JAX-RPC web service running on WebSphere V7. It requires a UserNameToken for security. I have a custom login module (MyLoginModule) which extracts the username and password, and that module is defined as a JAAS application login in the websphere admin console. Using IBM RAD 8.0, I have bound the token consumer to the login module using the JAAS config name of the module. This all works fine and happy on my development server. Now I realize, that for deployment to another server, I am required to move the JAAS login from global security to a security domain. When I do that, it breaks my web service. I get this SOAP Fault message: com.ibm.wsspi.wssecurity.SoapSecurityException: WSEC6520E: Construction of the login context failed. The exception is : javax.security.auth.login.LoginException: No LoginModules configured for MyLoginModule According to the IBM docs: The JAAS application logins, the JAAS system logins, and the JAAS J2C authentication data aliases can all be configured at the domain level. By default, all of the applications in the system have access to the JAAS logins configured at the global level. The security runtime first checks for the JAAS logins at the domain level. If it does not find them, it then checks for them in the global security configuration. Configure any of these JAAS logins at a domain only when you need to specify a login that is used exclusively by the applications in the security domain. So I am looking to make sure my application is in the domain, and I have tried everything I can think of. (I have assigned the domain to "all scopes", to the entire cell, etc.) No luck, I keep getting the same error response to my web service client. Any help or hints are appreciated.

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  • Emails from web site sometimes blank or gibberish

    - by John Gardeniers
    Our company has one web site with an online store based on osCommerce. The system sends emails for various reasons, such as password changes, order confirmations, etc., using PHP's mail() function. We occasionally have customers report that the email they received is either blank (email is plain text format) or gibberish (email is in HTML format). In the latter case it's really just HTML that's being displayed as raw text but of course the customers can't read it. In this case the first opening tag's <, and sometimes a few more characters, has gone missing. In an attempt to determine whether this was happening only for certain customers or email systems I configured the web site to send a CC of each message to a service account at my end. Those CC'd messages always arrive intact and display correctly in Outlook. For what it's worth, it seems to happen a little more frequently to Hotmail users but is certainly not limited to them. As the web site is on a shared (Debian) host there's precious little I can do about debugging things from that end, although if I made the right request I feel the hosting company staff would help me, even though they have limited resources to spend on such matters. Any suggestions on what else I might do to try and determine just why those emails are not being received correctly by some customers, yet a CC copy arrives just fine?

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  • VMware Virtual Infrastructure Web Access not starting on Fedora 14

    - by FusionHammer
    I am running a Fedora 14 server with VMware Server 2. When I initially installed VMware Server, everything was working fine. This included accessing Web Access on port 8333 (https) and 8222 (http). I had to perform a server restart and afterwards, the Web Access is not starting when I run: /etc/init.d/vmware-mgmt start The VMware Server Host Agent starts [OK], but the Web Access has no [OK] or [Failed] next to it. I also checked ports 8333 and 8222 by running a netstat, but neither are showing up. In addition, I checked the proxy.log and client.log files in the following directory: /usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/logs/ The proxy.log doesn't have entries in it past 9-18-2012, which is the date the server restart occurred. The client.log is empty. I not sure what is causing this issue or what log files will be helpful in narrowing down the cause. I could re-install VMware Server, but I would like to narrow down the cause as it could occur again with the new re-installed environment.

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  • ASP.NET Web API returns 404 for PUT only on some servers

    - by Greg Bacchus
    Ok, I have been racking my brain and the internet for a solution to this. I just can't figure it out. I have written a site that uses ASP.NET MVC Web API and all working nicely until I put it on staging server. The site works fine on my local machine and the dev web server. Both dev and staging servers are Win Server 2008 R2. The problem is this: basically the site works, but there are some API calls that use the HTTP PUT method. These fail on staging returning a 404, but work fine elsewhere. The first problem that I came across and fixed was in Request Filtering. But still getting the 404. I have turned on tracing in IIS and get the following problem. 168. -MODULE_SET_RESPONSE_ERROR_STATUS ModuleName IIS Web Core Notification 16 HttpStatus 404 HttpReason Not Found HttpSubStatus 0 ErrorCode 2147942402 ConfigExceptionInfo Notification MAP_REQUEST_HANDLER ErrorCode The system cannot find the file specified. (0x80070002) The configs are the same on dev and staging, matter of fact the whole site is a direct copy. Why would the GETs and POSTs work, but not the PUTs? Thanks Greg

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  • nginx 2 symfony2 web application, one ip no domain

    - by Krzysztof Koch
    I have irritating with nginx. I set up in /usr/share/nginx/www/firstapp one application and in /usr/share/nginx/www/secondapp. in my default conf i setup that in / root localization i want first app: when write 9.9.9.9 in browser show me first app, and when i write 9.9.9.9/makeup, there not show me seccond app. Why first app displays me good, and seccondapp cannot? Please help me. Sorry for quality here pasterbin code: enter link description here server { listen 80; server_name localhost; root /usr/share/nginx/www/firstapp/web; access_log /var/log/nginx/$host.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log error; # strip app.php/ prefix if it is present rewrite ^/app\.php/?(.*)$ /$1 permanent; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/www/firstapp/web/; index app.php; try_files $uri @rewriteapp; } location /makeup/ { alias /usr/share/nginx/www/seccondapp/web/; index app.php; try_files $uri @rewriteapp; } location @rewriteapp { rewrite ^(.*)$ /app.php/$1 last; } # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 location ~ ^/(app|app_dev)\.php(/|$) { #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/lib/php5-fpm/www.sock; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS off; #fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT 80; }

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  • Windows Server 2008 (Web Server) Replication

    - by justjoshingyou
    We have a load balanced environment with Windows Server 2008. What are some best practices to setting up replication across the web servers? Do I only want to replicate the web folders? How about replicating IIS changes - or do I need to make IIS changes on every server? I've never, ever set up replication, but I have worked with a web farm that used it before. Basically, I only know the basics about how it works, and am looking for any advice, guides, warnings, etc on setting this up. If you'd like to offer any advice, I'll let you know how our environment is for now. We have 1 prod server up and the second is nearly ready to go. We are using a cloud system and all machines are VM's. I am in the process of setting up the domain controller now (as I need to have one for DFS). Any ideas on the best way to go about setting up replication? Should we just stick the prod server in from the start or set up using a test VM and our second server and then switch it up later? I do not want to risk overwriting our prod server. Thanks!

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  • Web-based SVG or JavaScript Org Chart or Tree Graph Plotting Visualization API

    - by asoltys
    Hi, I'm looking to build an interactive web-based org chart for a large organization. I somewhat like the interface at ancestry.com where you can hover over people and pan/zoom around and click on different nodes to make them the root. Ideally, I'd like it if people could belong to multiple organizational entities like committees, working groups, etc. In other words the API should support graphs in general, not just trees. I'd like to be able to visually explode each organizational substructure into substituents by clicking on it, with a nice animation of the employees ballooning or spilling out so you can really interactively drill down through the organization. I found http://code.google.com/apis/visualization/documentation/gallery/orgchart.html but it looks a bit rudimentary. I know there are desktop tools like OrgPlus and Visio that can build static charts but I'm really looking for a free, web-based API with open standards-based output like SVG or HTML5 Canvas elements rather than Flash or some proprietary output. Something I can embed into a custom web application and style myself. Something interactive.

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