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  • Design Patterns: What is a type

    - by contactmatt
    A very basic question, but after reading the "Design Patterns: Elements of reusable OO Software" book, I'm a little confused. The book states, "An object's type only refers to its interface-the set of request to which it can respond. An object can have many types, and objects of different classes can have the same type." Could someone please better explain what a Type is? I also don't understand how one object can have multiple types...unless the book is speaking of polymorphism....

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  • FileNotFoundException Java

    - by Troels Hansen
    Hi, I'm trying to make a simple highscore system for a minesweeper game. However i keep getting a file not found exception, and i've tried to use the full path for the file aswell. package minesweeper; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class Highscore{ public static void submitHighscore(String difficulty) throws IOException{ int easy = 99999; int normal = 99999; int hard = 99999; //int newScore = (int) MinesweeperView.getTime(); int newScore = 10; File f = new File("Highscores.dat"); if (!f.exists()){ f.createNewFile(); } Scanner input = new Scanner(f); PrintStream output = new PrintStream(f); if (input.hasNextInt()){ easy = input.nextInt(); normal = input.nextInt(); hard = input.nextInt(); } output.flush(); if(difficulty.equals("easy")){ if (easy > newScore){ easy = newScore; } }else if (difficulty.equals("normal")){ if (normal > newScore){ normal = newScore; } }else if (difficulty.equals("hard")){ if (hard > newScore){ hard = newScore; } } output.println(easy); output.println(normal); output.println(hard); } //temporary main method used for debugging public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { submitHighscore("easy"); } }

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  • Thin & Sinatra not taking port

    - by NekoNova
    I'm having problems settig up my application using Thin and Sinatra. I have created a development-config.ru file that contains the following settings: # This is a rack configuration file to fire up the Sinatra application. # This allows better control and configuration as we are using the modular # approach here for controlling our application. # # Extend the Ruby load path with the root of the API and the lib folder # so that we can automatically include all our own custom classes. This makes # the requiring of files a bit cleaner and easier to maintain. # This is basically what rails does as well. # We also store the root of the API in the ENV settings to ensure we have # always access to the root of the API when building paths. ENV['API_ROOT'] = File.dirname(__FILE__) $:.unshift ENV['API_ROOT'] $:.unshift File.expand_path(File.join(ENV['API_ROOT'], 'lib')) $:.unshift File.expand_path(File.join(ENV['API_ROOT'], 'db')) # Now we can require all the gems used for the entire API by simpling requiring # them here. We can also include the classes that we have defined inside the lib # folder. require 'rubygems' require 'bundler' # Run Bundler to setup our gems properly. This will install all the missing gems on # the system and ensure that the deployment environment is ready to run. Bundler.require # To make the loading easier for the application, we will now automatically load all # models that have been defined inside the lib folder. This ensures that we do not need # to load them anymore anywhere else in our application, as the models will be known to # ruby everywhere. Dir.glob(File.join(ENV['API_ROOT'], 'lib', '**', '*.rb')).each{|file| require file} # Now we will configure the Sinatra application so that we can fire up the entire API. # This requires some detailed settings like whether logging is allowed, the port to be # used and some folder locations. require 'sinatra' require 'app' set :logging, true set :dump_errors, true set :port, 3001 set :views, "#{ENV['API_ROOT']}/views" set :public_folder, "#{ENV['API_ROOT']}/public" set :environment, :test # Start up the Sinatra application with all the settings that we have defined. run App.new This is based upon the information I found on the Sinatra website. However, the problem is that I cannot get the application running on port 3001. If I use thin start -R development-config.ru it runs on port 3000. If I use rackup config-development.ru it runs on port 9696. However I never see Sinatra kick in or run over port 3000. My application looks like this: # Author : Arne De Herdt # Email : # This is the actuall application that will be running under Sinatra # to serve the requests for the billing middleware API. # We use the modular approach here to allow control when deploying # the application using Capistrano. require 'sinatra/base' require 'logger' require 'savon' require 'billcrux' class App < Sinatra::Base # This action responds to POST requests on the URI '/billcrux/register' # and is responsible for handeling registration requests with the # BillCrux payment system. # The post "/billcrux/register" do # do stuff end end Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong?

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  • d2: assigning ranges/iterators to array slices

    - by modchan
    Consider following code: enum size = 16; double[size] arr1 = [...]; double[size] arr2 = [...]; process = (double x) { return (x + 1); }; arr2[] = map!(process)(arr1[]); // here I have trouble converting results of map back to my plain array. Problem applies not only to map, but also to take, repeat and all those fine tools from std.algorithm and std.range that operate on ranges. On this assignment, I get Error: cannot implicitly convert expression (map(arr1[])) of type Result to double[]. How can I evaluate range to array without using uint i = 0; foreach (x; map!(process)(arr1[])) { arr2[i] = x; i++; } ? Additionally, can someone please explain, why I must call map!(process)(arr1[]) instead of map!(process)(arr1) with static arrays? Shouldn't static arrays be compatible with dynamic for means of iteration, or I don't get something? Also, it seems that straightforward enumeration syntax foreach (index, item; sequence) does not work for ranges - are there workarounds? I guess the reason is the same as why ranges cannot be assigned to array slices.

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  • Attempted to render a circle in opengl es 1.1, renders as oval

    - by eipxen
    Hi all, I attempted to render a circle in opengl es 1.1 as a test before building a larger program, but it renders as an oval. Here is the code I use to generate and render my vertices: static const int numVerts = 40; static GLfloat myFirstCircle[82]; myFirstCircle[0] = 0.0f; myFirstCircle[1] = 0.0f; for (int i = 2; i < (numVerts+1)*2; i+=2) { myFirstCircle[i] = .5 * cosf(i*2*3.14159/numVerts); myFirstCircle[i+1] = .5 * sinf(i*2*3.14159/numVerts); } glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, myFirstCircle); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 22); I'm still somewhat new to this system, so I may have a silly error that I do not see, but it seems to me like this should generate 40 vertices on a circle of radius .5. When it renders, the shape on screen appears to be an oval, significantly taller than it is wide. My question is thus: why is my circle rendering this way, and what could I do to fix it? This is the first question on stackoverflow, so I'm not sure how to share an image of my output.

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  • JavaFX: File upload to REST service / servlet fails because of missing boundary

    - by spa
    I'm trying to upload a file using JavaFX using the HttpRequest. For this purpose I have written the following function. function uploadFile(inputFile : File) : Void { // check file if (inputFile == null or not(inputFile.exists()) or inputFile.isDirectory()) { return; } def httpRequest : HttpRequest = HttpRequest { location: urlConverter.encodeURL("{serverUrl}"); source: new FileInputStream(inputFile) method: HttpRequest.POST headers: [ HttpHeader { name: HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE value: "multipart/form-data" } ] } httpRequest.start(); } On the server side, I am trying to handle the incoming data using the Apache Commons FileUpload API using a Jersey REST service. The code used to do this is a simple copy of the FileUpload tutorial on the Apache homepage. @Path("Upload") public class UploadService { public static final String RC_OK = "OK"; public static final String RC_ERROR = "ERROR"; @POST @Produces("text/plain") public String handleFileUpload(@Context HttpServletRequest request) { if (!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)) { return RC_ERROR; } FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List<FileItem> items = null; try { items = upload.parseRequest(request); } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return RC_ERROR; } ... } } However, I get a exception at items = upload.parseRequest(request);: org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException: the request was rejected because no multipart boundary was found I guess I have to add a manual boundary info to the InputStream. Is there any easy solution to do this? Or are there even other solutions?

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  • memory usage by objects in common lisp

    - by Farzad Bekran
    Is there a way to find out how much memory is used by an instance of a class or basic data types in general? I have a toy webframework in cl that creates and manages web pages with instances of classes that represent the html tags and their properties, and as they are supposed to make an html page, they have children in a slot called children. so I was thinking how much a user's session will cost the server if I take this approach. Thanks.

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  • Difficulty porting raw PCM output code from Java to Android AudioTrack API.

    - by IndigoParadox
    I'm attempting to port an application that plays chiptunes (NSF, SPC, etc) music files from Java SE to Android. The Android API seems to lack the javax multimedia classes that this application uses to output raw PCM audio. The closest analog I've found in the API is AudioTrack and so I've been wrestling with that. However, when I try to run one of my sample music files through my port-in-progress, all I get back is static. My suspicion is that it's the AudioTrack I've setup which is at fault. I've tried various different constructors but it all just outputs static in the end. The DataLine setup in the original code is something like: AudioFormat audioFormat = new AudioFormat( AudioFormat.Encoding.PCM_SIGNED, 44100, 16, 2, 4, 44100, true ); DataLine.Info lineInfo = new DataLine.Info( SourceDataLine.class, audioFormat ); DataLine line = (SourceDataLine)AudioSystem.getLine( lineInfo ); The constructor I'm using right now is: AudioTrack = new AudioTrack( AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 44100, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize( 44100, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT ), AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM ); I've replaced constants and variables in those so they make sense as concisely as possible, but my basic question is if there are any obvious problems in the assumptions I made when going from one format to the other.

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  • Base class with abstract subclasses in C# ?

    - by Nick Brooks
    public abstract class Request { public class Parameters { //Threre are no members here //But there should be in inherited classes } public Request() { parameters = new Parameters(); } public Parameters parameters; } Two questions: How do I make it so I can add stuff to the constructor but the original constructor will still be executed? How do I make it so the subclasses can add members to the Parameters class?

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  • How can I load a property lazily in JDO (on Google App Engine)?

    - by luciano
    I have this code in one of my @PersistenceCapable classes: @Persistent private Blob data; The Blob can be quite big, so I'd like to load it lazily since most of the times I don't need it. How can I annotate that property to avoid immediate loading? I could create another class that contains the Blob alone and then use a lazy one-to-one, but I'd like to solve this with annotations.

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  • How do I return an array from a method?

    - by dwwilson66
    I'm trying to create a deck of cards for my homework. Code is posted below. I need to create four sets of cards (the four suits) and am create a multidimensional array. When I print the results instead of trying to pass the array, I can see that the data in the array is as expected. However, when I try to pass the array card, I get an error cannot find symbol. I've got this modeled after texbook and Java tutorial examples, and I need some help figuring out what I'm missing. I've over-documented to give an idea of how I'm thinking this SHOULD work...please let me know where I've gone horribly wrong in my understanding. import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; // public class CardGame { public static int[][] main(String[] args) { int[][] startDeck = deckOfCards(); /* cast new deck as int[][], calling method deckOfCards System.out.println(" /// from array: " + Arrays.deepToString(startDeck)); } public static int[][] deckOfCards() /* method to return a multi-dimensional array */ { int rank; int suit; for(rank=1;rank<14;rank++) /* cards 1 - 13 .... */ { for(suit=1;suit<5;suit++) /* suits 1 - 4 .... */ { int[][] card = new int[][] /* define a new card... */ { {rank,suit} /* with rank/suit from for... loops */ }; System.out.println(" /// from array: " + Arrays.deepToString(card)); } } return card; /* Error: cannot find symbol } }

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  • JNI cached jclass global reference variables being garbage collected?

    - by bubbadoughball
    I'm working in the JNI Invocation API, calling into Java from C. I have some upfront initialization to cache 30+ Java classes into global references. The results of FindClass are passed into NewGlobalRef to acquire a global reference to the class. I'm caching these class variables to reuse them later. I have 30+ global references to classes (and 30+ global methodIDs for the class constructors). In the following sample, I've removed exception handling as well as JNI invocation for the purpose of shortening the code snippet. My working code has exception checks after every JNI call and I'm running with -Xcheck:jni. Here's the snippet: jclass aClass; jclass bClass; jmethodID aCtor; jmethodID bCtor; void getGlobalRef(const char* clazz, jclass* globalClass) { jclass local = (*jenv)->FindClass(jenv,clazz); if (local) { *globalClass = (jclass) (*jenv)->NewGlobalRef(jenv,local); (*jenv)->DeleteLocalRef(jenv,local); } } methodID getMethodID(jclass clazz, const char* method, const char* sig) { return (*jenv)->GetMethodID(jenv,clazz,method,sig); } void initializeJNI() { getGlobalRef("MyProj/Testclass1", &aclass); getGlobalRef("MyProj/Testclass2", &bclass); . . aCtor = getMethodID(aclass,"<init>","()V"); bCtor = getMethodID(bclass,"<init>","(I)V"); } The initializeJNI() function sets the global references for jclasses and method IDs for constructors as well as some jfieldID's and some initialization of C data structures. After initialization, when I call into a JNI function using some of the cached jclasses and ctor jmethodIDs, I get a bad global or local reference calling reported from the -Xcheck:jni. In gdb, I break at the last line of initializeJNI(), and print all jclasses and jmethodIDs and the ones causing problems look to have been turned into garbage or garbage-collected (i.e. 0x00 or 0x06). Is it possible for global references to be gc'ed? Any suggestions?

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  • importing class and its function from another file

    - by user343934
    Hi everyone, I am having little problem with importing classes in python. My work flow goes like this index.py class Template: def header(): def body(): def form(): def footer(): display.py I want to call function header(), body() and footer () in my display.py page. Will anyone make me clear about this issue in python. Thanks for your concern.

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  • class vs structure c#

    - by Enriquev
    I'm doing course 3354 (Implementing System Types and Interfaces in the .NET Framework 2.0) and it is said that for simple classes, with members variables and functions, it is better to use a struct than a class because of overhead. I have never heard of such a thing, what is the validity of this claim?

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  • Thread Management Object

    - by Gusdor
    I feel rather foolish as this is just a short question. I was reading about a bunch of thread management helper classes in .net, specifically one that aids the storage of threads to help a service manager object automatically invoke delegates onto the subscribing thread. I'm pretty sure it had something to do with creating dispatchers. Totally forgotten the name, can't find it :( Anyone know what I'm talking about?

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  • When does the call() method get called in a Java Executor using Callable objects?

    - by MalcomTucker
    This is some sample code from an example. What I need to know is when call() gets called on the callable? What triggers it? public class CallableExample { public static class WordLengthCallable implements Callable { private String word; public WordLengthCallable(String word) { this.word = word; } public Integer call() { return Integer.valueOf(word.length()); } } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); Set<Future<Integer>> set = new HashSet<Future<Integer>>(); for (String word: args) { Callable<Integer> callable = new WordLengthCallable(word); Future<Integer> future = pool.submit(callable); //**DOES THIS CALL call()?** set.add(future); } int sum = 0; for (Future<Integer> future : set) { sum += future.get();//**OR DOES THIS CALL call()?** } System.out.printf("The sum of lengths is %s%n", sum); System.exit(sum); } }

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  • Using JAXB to customise the generation of java enums

    - by belltower
    I'm using an external bindings file when using jaxb against an XML schema. I'm mostly using the bindings file to map from the XML schema primitives to my own types. This is a snippet of the bindings file <jxb:bindings version="1.0" xmlns:jxb="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxb" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ai="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxb/xjc" extensionBindingPrefixes="ai"> <jxb:bindings schemaLocation="xsdurl" node="xs:schema"> <jxb:globalBindings> <jxb:javaType name="com.companyname.StringType" xmlType="xs:string" parseMethod="parse" printMethod="print" hasNsContext="true"> </jxb:javaType> </jxb:globalBindings> </jxb:bindings> </jxb:bindings> So whenever a xs:string is encountered, the com.companyname.StringType the methods print / parse are called for marshalling/unmarshalling etc. Now if JAXB encounters an xs:enumeration it will generate a java enum. For example: <xs:simpleType name="Address"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="ADDR"/> <xs:enumeration value="PBOX"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> public enum Address { ADDR, PBOX, public String value() { return name(); } public static Address fromValue(String v) { return valueOf(v); } } Does anyone know if it is possible to customise the creation of an enum like it is for a primitive? I would like to be able to: Add a standard member variable / other methods to every enum generated by jaxb. Specify the static method used to create the enum.

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  • Can this extension method be improved?

    - by Newbie
    I have the following extension method public static class ListExtensions { public static IEnumerable<T> Search<T>(this ICollection<T> collection, string stringToSearch) { foreach (T t in collection) { Type k = t.GetType(); PropertyInfo pi = k.GetProperty("Name"); if (pi.GetValue(t, null).Equals(stringToSearch)) { yield return t; } } } } What it does is by using reflection, it finds the name property and then filteres the record from the collection based on the matching string. This method is being called as List<FactorClass> listFC = new List<FactorClass>(); listFC.Add(new FactorClass { Name = "BKP", FactorValue="Book to price",IsGlobal =false }); listFC.Add(new FactorClass { Name = "YLD", FactorValue = "Dividend yield", IsGlobal = false }); listFC.Add(new FactorClass { Name = "EPM", FactorValue = "emp", IsGlobal = false }); listFC.Add(new FactorClass { Name = "SE", FactorValue = "something else", IsGlobal = false }); List<FactorClass> listFC1 = listFC.Search("BKP").ToList(); It is working fine. But a closer look into the extension method will reveal that Type k = t.GetType(); PropertyInfo pi = k.GetProperty("Name"); is actually inside a foreach loop which is actually not needed. I think we can take it outside the loop. But how? PLease help. (C#3.0)

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  • Objects With No Behavior

    - by Patrick Donovan
    I've been teaching myself object oriented programming and I'm thinking about a situation where I have an object "Transaction", that has quite a few properties to it like account, amount, date, currency, type, etc. I never plan to mutate these data points, and calculation logic will live in other classes. My question is, is it poor Python design to instantiate thousands of objects just to hold data? I find the data far easier to work with embedded in a class rather than trying to cram it into some combination of data structures.

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  • Why does C# allow abstract class with no abstract members?

    - by fatcat1111
    The C# spec, section 10.1.1.1, states: An abstract class is permitted (but not required) to contain abstract members. This allows me to create classes like this: public abstract class A { public void Main() { // it's full of logic! } } This is really a concrete class; it's only abstract in so far as one can't instantiate it. If inheritors don't actually have to provide implementation, then why call it abstract?

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  • colorbox not displaying first caption from flickr gallery integration

    - by Mark
    I am pulling small thumbnails into my page from the flickr API, and using Colorbox to display larger thumbnails and captions from the title attribute. Using the API with C#. However, on the first instance of opening colorbox it does not display the caption from the anchors title attribute. If you click next or previous then it appears. The actual caption is physically there in the source code, just not getting put into the colorbox window. Demo here, if you click on a thumbnail you will see there is no caption, click next then prev and it will appear. Here's the code: <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $("a[rel='group']").colorbox({ opacity: 0.75 }); }); </script> <a href='http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5015/5511378425_e63d4a62f7.jpg' title='Little Hermit (Peter Dunn)' rel='group' class='tooltip'> <img src='http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5015/5511378425_e63d4a62f7_s.jpg' alt='Little Hermit (Peter Dunn)' /> </a> If i view source, the title attribute is populated with the caption, but if i ook in firebug it is not in the colorbox code. Any help on this would be great Ive ran out of ideas!

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