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• VPN Setup: Mac OS X and SonicWall

  - by noloader

  I'm trying to get VPN access up and running. The company has a SonicWall firewall/concentrator and I'm working on a Mac. I'm not sure of the SonicWall's hardware or software level. My MacBook Pro is OS X 10.8, x64, fully patched. The Mac Networking applet claims the remote server is not responding. The connection attempt subsequently fails: This is utter bullshit, as a Wireshark trace shows the Protected Mode negotiation, and then the fallback to Quick Mode: I have two questions (1) does Mac OS X VPN work in real life? (2) Are there any trustworthy (non-Apple) tools to test and diagnose the connection problem (Wireshark is a cannon and I have to interpret the results)? And a third question (off topic): what is broken in Cupertino such that so much broken software gets past their QA department? EDIT (12/14/2012): The network guy sent me "VPN Configuration Guide" (Equinox document SonicOS_Standard-6-EN). It seems an IPSec VPN now requires a Firewall Unique Identifier. Just to be sure, I revisited RFC 2409, where Main Mode, Aggressive Mode, and Quick Mode are discussed. I cannot find a reference to Firewall Unique Identifier. I think I am screwed here: I am trying to connect to a broken (non-standard) firewall, with a broken Mac OS X client. Fortunately, I can purchase VPN Tracker Personal (a {SonicWall|Equinox}-authored client) for $129US from Equinox. So much for standards....

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• What is the best way to recover from a mysql replication fail?

  - by Itai Ganot

  Today, the replication between our master mysql db server and the two replication servers dropped. I have a procedure here which was written a long time ago and i'm not sure it's the fastest method to recover for this issue. I'd like to share with you the procedure and I'd appreciate if you could give your thoughts about it and maybe even tell me how it can be done quicker. At the master: RESET MASTER; FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; SHOW MASTER STATUS; And copy the values of the result of the last command somewhere. Wihtout closing the connection to the client (because it would release the read lock) issue the command to get a dump of the master: mysqldump mysq Now you can release the lock, even if the dump hasn't end. To do it perform the following command in the mysql client: UNLOCK TABLES; Now copy the dump file to the slave using scp or your preferred tool. At the slave: Open a connection to mysql and type: STOP SLAVE; Load master's data dump with this console command: mysql -uroot -p < mysqldump.sql Sync slave and master logs: RESET SLAVE; CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=98; Where the values of the above fields are the ones you copied before. Finally type START SLAVE; And to check that everything is working again, if you type SHOW SLAVE STATUS; you should see: Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes That's it! At the moment i'm in the stage of copying the db from the master to the other two replication servers and it takes more than 6 hours to that point, isn't it too slow? The servers are connected through a 1gb switch.

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• FTP Server with advanced features

  - by Nikolas Sakic

  Hi, We supply zone-files to our customers. Some zone files are big about 300MB and some are quite small, maybe like 1MB. We had this issue that someone setup a script to continually download the file. Imagine downloading 300MB file a few hundred times a day. Since, we don't have packet-shaper to throttle the traffic, we need to upgrade ftp server and use add-on modules to limit the download somehow. We currently use proftpd server. Also note that there are different users for different domains - say, if you want to download zone file for .INFO domain, then you use a particular user. That user can't download any other zone's file. This is what we are looking for: Have maximum of 400MB download per user per day. Or even have different download limit for different users per day. Have one connection per user at any time. Max # of connection (non-simultaneous) per user per day is 5. Anyone trying to exceed that gets banned for 24 hours. Has anyone used FTP server with similar restrictions above? Does anyone have any ideas where I can start? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks. -N

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• How to set up a easy-to-use proxy for the whole system with WinXP client and server?

  - by Pekka

  I am working together intensively with a colleague on the Canary Islands. We speak through live messenger and work together using a RDP software. She has frequent problems with connections to certain big-name and small-name sites (amongst others live.com, google.com, gmx.de) very likely to be caused by the spanish provider (the connections simply time out, this has been going on for weeks already). I have been thinking about setting up my computer as a proxy to make these connections work. I have a DSL connection and am behind a NAT capable router that I control. Does anybody know a simple, "one-click" way to transport ALL network traffic through a remote proxy? Without having to set proxy settings for each application that uses the internet? VPN is not an option, because I am behind a firewall that supports protocol 47 and such, but I have never succeeded in getting an incoming VPN connection to work. I can however redirect normal traffic using NAT. A VPN solution that does not need strange protocols would also be an option.

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• can't ssh from mac to windows (running ssh server on cygwin)

  - by Denise

  I set up an ssh server on a fresh windows 7 machine using the latest version of cygwin. Disabled the firewall. I can ssh into it from itself, from a different windows box (using winssh), and from a linux vm. In spite of that, I tried to ssh in from two different macs, and neither would let me! This is the debug output: OpenSSH_5.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7l 28 Sep 2006 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to 3dbuild [172.18.4.219] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/Denise/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/Denise/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/Denise/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '3dbuild' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/Denise/.ssh/known_hosts:43 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/Denise/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/Denise/.ssh/id_rsa Connection closed by [ip] It shows the same output, and fails at the same place, whether I have put my public key on the ssh server or not. Any help would be appreciated-- hopefully someone has run into this before?

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• IIS6 Multiple SSL websites to a single HTTP website?

  - by docflabby

  Running a IIS6 server on Windows 2003. All the websites use ASP.NET I have a number of websites all running separate HTTP websites: www.domain1.com www.domain2.com www.domain3.com I have a separate HTTPS website www.secure.com These websites are all running on the same server. I now wish to intergrate the content of www.secure.com into each of the domains in a transparent way. Such that each website despite having its own SSL connection displays the same website. The complicatrion is www.secure.com needs to know which website the connection has come from to apply the appropriate branding. The idea behind this is to have only one website, and location, but it keeps the core website brand. https://domain1.com looks alot better from a marketing point of view (and avoids users getting confused about what our secure website is) SSL www.domain1.com/secure - displays www.secure.com (branded domain1) SSL www.domain2.com/secure - displays www.secure.com (branded domain2) SSL www.domain3.com/secure - displays www.secure.com (branded domain3) How would the best way of achieving this, i'm open to using additional software if necessery. Would a reverse proxy be sutible for this situation?

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• mysqld refusing connections from localhost

  - by Dennis Rardin

  My mail server (Ubuntu 10.04) uses mysql for virtual domains, virtual users. For some reason, mysqld has started refusing connections from localhost. I see these in the mail server log: Oct 6 00:31:14 apollo postfix/trivial-rewrite[16888]: fatal: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf(0,lock|fold_fix): table lookup problem and: Oct 7 13:39:15 apollo postfix/proxymap[25839]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 0 I also get the following in auth.log: Oct 6 22:33:31 apollo mysqld[31775]: refused connect from 127.0.0.1 Telnet to the local port: root@apollo:/var/log/mysql# telnet localhost 3306 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host. root@apollo:/var/log/mysql# I am not sure why this started happening, but there was a disk failure in a RAID 1 pair a bit earlier that day. So it's possible I have a damaged config file or something. But mail was working for at least an hour after the drive event, so who knows for sure? phpmyadmin works fine, and the databases themselves look like they're intact. I think/believe that selinux and iptables are disabled and not running. So ... why is mysqld refusing connections from localhost? What should I check? What processes might cause this if a .conf file or possibly a binary was damaged? Which other log files might contain clues? I've enabled "general logging" in /etc/mysql/my.cnf, but I get no interesting or informative entries there. Thanks, m00tpoint

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• Debian can't connect to internet using LAN

  - by tampe125

  I have a headless Raspberry Pi using Debian Wheezy. I have a wifi dongle and if I connect my Raspberry using it, everything works fine: I can connect to the Internet, I can ping, I can update. However, if I get down my wifi and set up the lan interface, I lost my internet connection. I still can connect locally, using my laptop, but the connection doesn't exit (ie ping is not working). Some useful info: cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 ping www.google.com (nothing request timed out) ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:a2:b5:20 inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:97223 (94.9 KiB) TX bytes:146140 (142.7 KiB) ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18007ms cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 well, I think that's all... Any ideas?

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• Debian can't connect to internet using LAN

  - by tampe125

  I have a headless Raspberry Pi using Debian Wheezy. I have a wifi dongle and if I connect my Raspberry using it, everything works fine: I can connect to the Internet, I can ping, I can update. However, if I get down my wifi and set up the lan interface, I lost my internet connection. I still can connect to it locally, using my laptop, but the connection doesn't exit (ie ping is not working). Some useful info: cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 ping www.google.com (nothing request timed out) ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:a2:b5:20 inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:97223 (94.9 KiB) TX bytes:146140 (142.7 KiB) ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18007ms cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 well, I think that's all... Any ideas?

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• How do I upgrade Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard (OEM Key) to Enterprise (MSDN Key) using DISM?

  - by Tom Crane

  (Originally asked as After upgrading to 2008 R2 Enterprise and installing more RAM, Windows can only see 4.00 GB but now I know what the question really is...) My Dell server came preinstalled with 2008 R2 Standard. I upgraded to Enterprise to take advantage of more than 32GB RAM. This server is purely for dev and testing, so I want to use my MSDN product key for the upgrade. I originally tried to uprade using the MSDN Enterprise key, but it wouldn't have it: dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerEnterprise /ProductKey:[MSDN key] => Error DISM DISM Transmog Provider: PID=5728 Product key is keyed to [], but user requested transmog to [ServerEnterprise] - CTransmogManager::ValidateTransmogrify I tried several things, including changing the current product key to the MSDN one. Eventually I used a KMS generic key which can be found in several technet forum posts. dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerEnterprise /ProductKey:[KMS Generic Key] ... and this appeared to work. I then changed the product key again (using the control panel) to the MSDN key, thinking that was the end of the matter. Only later when tried to start up VMs did I realise I only had 4GB of usable RAM. I didn't make the connection with the licensing changes at this point and went off on a wild goose chase of BIOS settings, memory configurations and the like. Only later when I saw this... http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/winserverTS/thread/6debc586-0977-4731-b418-ca1edb34fe8b ...did I make the connection and reapply the KMS Generic key - which gave me all the RAM back. But now I have a system that isn't properly licensed, presumably I won't be able to activate it as it is, so I've got 2 days to enjoy it. With the MSDN key applied, only 4GB RAM is usable. Is there a way round this without a) rebuilding the server from scratch with the MSDN key from the start or b) buying a retail Enterprise license

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• How to bypass vpn talking to VMWare Guest?

  - by marc esher

  Greetings. Network/VPN n00b question here. I'm running VMWare Workstation with a Guest Windows 2003 Server. It has SQL Server 2000 installed. The sole purpose for this Guest is to house SQL Server... it needn't have internet access or access to any other resources on the network other than the host. When launch Check Point VPN software, the host routes through the company network before it connects to the guest ... i.e. it's no longer a direct connection. I assume this is just how things are supposed to work. However, what's happening is that the connection between my host and the SQL Server instance on the guest intermittently drops. It's not consistent, and some databases on the server will be responsive while others aren't. It appears that the databases with the most traffic on the guest (the ones I'm hitting with load tests) are the ones that become intermittently unresponsive. This problem only manifests when VPN is on; when it's off, I can pound away on this database with no troubles. Thanks for any advice!

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• Server 2003 and XP Client; Why are HTTP connections being silently dropped.

  - by Asa Yeamans

  On my network, my edge-router, a windows 2003 r2 server router with all the latest updates, will drop packets, but only under specific circumstances. I have troubleshot and isolated it down to the most simple configuration i can. There is NO NAT involved. Only fully-public IP addresses. No Firewalls are running either, all ahve been disabled. no packet filters on any interfaces anywhere either. I have a single Windows XP virtual machine and my edge-router(the windows 2003 r2 server, and also a virtual machine) running on a windows 2008 x64 r2 system (running virtual server 2005 as i dont have Intel-VT compatible chip yet). The edge router can access any external http site just fine, no issues. However the windows XP machine is only able to access certain sites. These work: www.google.com www.txstate.edu www.workintexas.com www.thedailywtf.com . These Dont: www.yahoo.com www.utexas.edu en.wikipedia.org slashdot.org www.bing.com. I have removed all possibility of DNS issues by connecting with net-cat from the XP box and sending GET /\r\nHost: \r\n\r\n and that connection replicates the issue as well. The network setup: My statically assigned IP block: x.x.x.168/29 DSL Modem -----PPPoE Connection---- x.x.x.169[EdgeRouter] [EdgeRouter]x.x.x.170 -----Virtual Ethernet----- x.x.x.174 [Test2] Test2's Default gateway is x.x.x.170 and test2 can ping any and every valid, accessible, public IP address with no packet loss what-so-ever. If i connect directly over PPPoE from test2 (the XP box) everything works just fine... Im at my wits end, i have NO IDEA whats causing this.

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• Setting up a network where packets are traced

  - by Marcus

  My situation is the following: I have an internet connection, which is shared between people. More or less obviously, people is using it to download illegal stuff. Since I'm the owner of the connection, I want to avoid being sued. I don't want to prevent the people from doing the things they want, but I want to be legally safe. Now, I have relatively little competences in network administration, so I was wondering: is it possible to setup a network, where the source and destination of the packets are logged? I would use this to prove, in case of lawsuit, that the traffic was coming from a given machine. if the idea is feasible, is there any wireless router on which I can install linux, where I can install the packet sniffer? how much space could the logs take (containing only the timestamp/source/destination), per GB of traffic? a very rough estimation would be very helpful. if a machine on my network is sending bittorrent packets to a certain IP, would this log be able to reflect the time, source ip and destination ip? I assume that obviously the torrent data would be encrypted and un-decryptable. Am I missing something? Is there a better strategy? Any pointer to documentation would be helpful as well - in that case, I would use this as starting point.

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• port forwarding problem

  - by Claudiu

  I want to set up an svn server on my computer, so it's available from anywhere. I think I set up the repository correctly, using CollabSVN. If I go to Repo-Browser with TortoiseSVN and point it to svn://localhost:3690, it shows the proper repository. The problem now is that I'm behind a router. My local IP is 192.168.1.45 . Doing svn://192.168.1.45:3690 also works. My global IP is, say, x.x.x.x. Just doing svn://x.x.x.x:3690 doesn't work, which makes sense, since I have to set up port forwarding. I'm using a Verizon router. Using their web interface (on 192.168.1.1) I added the following port forwarding rule: IP Address forward to: 192.168.1.45 Source Ports: Any Dest Ports: 3690 Forward to: 3690 Protocol: TCP However, even after applying this rule, going to svn://x.x.x.x:3690 doesn't work. It takes a few seconds to fail, then says that the connection couldn't be established because the server connected to didn't respond properly after a period of time. What's interesting is that a random port, like svn://x.x.x.x:36904 fails immediately, saying that the target machine actively refused the connection. So I figure that the forwarding rule did something, but not fully what was necessary. Any ideas on how to get this working? The router model is MI424-WR and the firmware version is 4.0.16.1.56.0.10.12.3. UPDATE: I also tried setting destination port to 45000, and still forwarding to 3690, in case something was wrong w/ the lower-numbered ports, but to no avail. I also tried port 80 to port 3690, still all in vain.

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• error: unexplained error (code 130) at rsync.c(541) [sender=3.0.7]

  - by brazorf

  This error: unexplained error (code 130) at rsync.c(541) [sender=3.0.7] error is happening after i changed router. Actually, i found out that this error just happens on a ctrl+c signal, so it could be not representative about the error itself. The command i run is very basic: rsync -avz --delete /local/path/ username@host:/path/to/remote/directory Basically, the rsync just stuck there and nothing's happening, until i ctrl+c. After interrupting the process i got the error in subject. I past the whole thing here: rsync -avvvvz --delete /source/path/ username@host:/path/to/direectory cmd=<NULL> machine=HOSTNAME user=username path=/path/to/direectory cmd[0]=ssh cmd[1]=-l cmd[2]=username cmd[3]=HOSTNAME cmd[4]=rsync cmd[5]=--server cmd[6]=-vvvvlogDtprze.iLsf cmd[7]=--delete cmd[8]=. cmd[9]=/path/to/direectory opening connection using: ssh -l username HOSTNAME rsync --server -vvvvlogDtprze.iLsf --delete . /path/to/direectory note: iconv_open("UTF-8", "UTF-8") succeeded. ^C[sender] _exit_cleanup(code=20, file=rsync.c, line=541): entered rsync error: unexplained error (code 130) at rsync.c(541) [sender=3.0.7] [sender] _exit_cleanup(code=20, file=rsync.c, line=541): about to call exit(130) The authentication runs on ssh via rsa key. I tried basic troubleshoot such as: ping the remote host ssh -l username remote.host check software firewall logs i asked the remote host sysadmin to check for logs, and when i run that command a ssh connection is actually being established and i can state there is no comunication/authentication/name resolution issue here. Rolling back to old router make this work again. Both client and server are running ubuntu 10.04. Try to take a look at my router configuration, where i'm no experienced at all, but i didnt see any "suspect" (what i was looking for is firewall blocking something) setting. The router itself is DLINK DVA-G3670B. Any suggestion? Thank You F.

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• Ubuntu - No gnome-panels, no right-click, no internet, no hotkeys

  - by Darthfett

  Hey guys, I've been using Ubuntu (Maverick 10.10) on my desktop (ATI Radeon 5830) for about 3 weeks now, but all of a sudden I am unable to even use my computer. As soon as I start up, I see my desktop, with icons, but I don't see any gnome-panels, and I'm unable to get any options if I right-click. I can start programs by double clicking them. I also cannot get an internet connection. I've tried restarting gnome-panel by killing it, using Ctrl+Alt+5 to switch to a terminal (I don't have a shortcut to one on my desktop, and no hotkeys will work), but no luck. Restarting my computer has no effect upon this (I have to manually cut the power, since I don't know the terminal command). As far as I know, I have not made any changes, and I've never had any problems in the past. This started when I was playing Minecraft, but my internet crapped out, and no amount of re-trying the connection would work. I know it was my computer, as my brother's was working fine in the other room. Any clues as to what's going on? I'm more than willing to troubleshoot.

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• Postfix cannot deliver mail to Cyrus mailbox on Ubuntu 11.10 server

  - by user105804

  I have installed and configured Postfix and Cyrus IMAP server with webcyradm according to this document - http://www.delouw.ch/linux/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/html/index.html . I can access webcyradm interface, I can create new domains and new users, and I can login via IMAP after creating the user account. However, Postfix fails to deliver mail to cyrus mailboxes. Mail log contains errors shown below. Installing any IMAP server other than cyrus is not an option because it is needed by the web application. Please advise me how to make Postfix deliver email to cyrus mailboxes. The solution should not necessary include web-cyradm, but there should be a web interface for managing mail domains and mailboxes as user-friendly as possible. Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: accepted connection Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: lmtp connection preauth'd as postman Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/cleanup[4868]: 065D5240035: message-id=<[email protected]> Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: verify_user(user.imap0001) failed: Mailbox does not exist Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/bounce[4867]: 6C6CA24185C: sender non-delivery notification: 065D5240035 Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 065D5240035: from=<>, size=3372, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 6C6CA24185C: removed Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/lmtp[4866]: 53421240372: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp], delay=165, delays=165/0.02/0.17/0.09, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp] said: 550-Mailbox unknown. Either there is no mailbox associated with this 550-name or you do not have authorization to see it. 550 5.1.1 User unknown (in reply to RCPT TO command))

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• How to test nginx proxy timeouts

  - by mkorszun

  Target: I would like to test all Nginx proxy timeout parameters in very simple scenario. My first approach was to create really simple HTTP server and put some timeouts: Between listen and accept to test proxy_connect_timeout Between accept and read to test proxy_send_timeout Between read and send to test proxy_read_timeout Test: 1) Server code (python): import socket import os import time import threading def http_resp(conn): conn.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n") conn.send("Content-Length: 0\r\n") conn.send("Content-Type: text/xml\r\n\r\n\r\n") def do(conn, addr): print 'Connected by', addr print 'Sleeping before reading data...' time.sleep(0) # Set to test proxy_send_timeout data = conn.recv(1024) print 'Sleeping before sending data...' time.sleep(0) # Set to test proxy_read_timeout http_resp(conn) print 'End of data stream, closing connection' conn.close() def main(): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) s.bind(('', int(os.environ['PORT']))) s.listen(1) print 'Sleeping before accept...' time.sleep(130) # Set to test proxy_connect_timeout while 1: conn, addr = s.accept() t = threading.Thread(target=do, args=(conn, addr)) t.start() if __name__ == "__main__": main() 2) Nginx configuration: I have extended Nginx default configuration by setting explicitly proxy_connect_timeout and adding proxy_pass pointing to my local HTTP server: location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8888; proxy_connect_timeout 200; } 3) Observation: proxy_connect_timeout - Even though setting it to 200s and sleeping only 130s between listen and accept Nginx returns 504 after ~60s which might be because of the default proxy_read_timeout value. I do not understand how proxy_read_timeout could affect connection at so early stage (before accept). I would expect 200 here. Please explain! proxy_send_timeout - I am not sure if my approach to test proxy_send_timeout is correct - i think i still do not understand this parameter correctly. After all, delay between accept and read does not force proxy_send_timeout. proxy_read_timeout - it seems to be pretty straightforward. Setting delay between read and write does the job. So I guess my assumptions are wrong and probably I do not understand proxy_connect and proxy_send timeouts properly. Can some explain them to me using above test if possible (or modifying if required).

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• fwbuilder/iptables manually scripted + autogenerated rules at startup?

  - by Jakobud

  Fedora 11 Our previous IT-guy setup iptable rules on our firewall in a way that is confusing me and he didn't document any of it. I was hoping someone could help me make some sense of it. The iptables service is obviously starting at startup, but the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file was untouched (default values). I found in /etc/rc.local he was doing this: # We have multiple ISP connections on our network. # The following is about 50+ rules to route incoming and outgoing # information. For example, certain internal hosts are specified here # to use ISP A connection while everyone else on the network uses # ISP B connection when access the internet. ip rule add from 99.99.99.99 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.98 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.97 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.96 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.95 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 192.168.1.103 table ISB_A ip rule add from 192.168.1.105 table ISB_A ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 table ISB_B # etc... and then near the end of the file, AFTER all the ip rules he just declared, he has this: /root/fw/firewall-rules.fw He's executing the firewall rules file that was auto-generated by fwbuilder. Some questions Why is he declaring all these ip rules in rc.local instead of declaring them in fwbuilder like all the other rules? Any advantage or necessity to this? Or is this just a poorly organized way to implement firewall rules? Why is he declaring ip rules BEFORE executing the fwbuilder script? I would assume that one of the first things the fwbuilder script does it get rid of any existing rules before declaring all the new ones. Am I wrong about this? If that was the case, the fwbuilder script would basically just delete all the ip rules that were defined in rc.local. Does this make any sense? Why is he executing all this stuff at startup in rc.local instead of just using iptables-save to keep the firewall settings at /etc/sysconfig/iptables that will get implemented at runtime?

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• Why Wireshark does not recognize this HTTP response?

  - by Alois Mahdal

  I have a trivial CGI script that outputs simple text content. It's written in Perl and using CGI module and it specifies only the most basic headers: print $q->header( -type => 'text/plain', -Content_length => $length, ); print $stuff; There's no apparent issue with functionality, but I'm confused about the fact that Wireshark does not recognize the HTTP response as HTTP--it's marked as TCP. Here is request and response: GET /cgi-bin/memfile/memfile.pl?mbytes=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: 10.6.130.38 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: cs,en-us;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 05 Apr 2012 18:52:23 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Win32) mod_ssl/2.2.15 OpenSSL/0.9.8m Content-length: 1048616 Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 XXXXXXXX... And here is the packet overview (Full packet is here on pastebin) No. Time Source srcp Destination dstp Protocol Info tcp.stream abstime 5 0.112749 10.6.130.38 80 10.6.130.53 48072 TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 0 20:52:23.228063 Frame 5: 1514 bytes on wire (12112 bits), 1514 bytes captured (12112 bits) Ethernet II, Src: Dell_97:29:ac (00:1e:4f:97:29:ac), Dst: Dell_3b:fe:70 (00:24:e8:3b:fe:70) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.6.130.38 (10.6.130.38), Dst: 10.6.130.53 (10.6.130.53) Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: http (80), Dst Port: 48072 (48072), Seq: 1, Ack: 330, Len: 1460 Now when I see this in Wireshark: there's usual TCP handshake then the GET request shown as HTTP with preview then the next packet contains the response, but is not marked as an HTTP response--just a generic "[TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]", and is not caught by "http.response" filter. Can somebody explain why Wireshark does not recognize it? Is there something wrong with the response?

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• SASL - Plaintext password not accepted - Encrypted works

  - by leviathanus

  I have a very strange issue! SASL does not work properly, as it does not accept plain-text passwords (like Outlook sends them) Oct 2 10:35:09 srf cyrus/imap[4119]: accepted connection Oct 2 10:35:09 srf cyrus/imap[4119]: badlogin: [217.XX.XXX.140] plaintext [email protected] SASL(-1): generic failure: checkpass failed Now I switch to "Encrypted password" in Thunderbird. I have the same issue as Outlook above on Thunderbird if I turn on "Plain Password"): Oct 2 10:40:40 srf cyrus/imap[14644]: accepted connection Oct 2 10:40:41 srf cyrus/imap[14622]: login: [217.XX.XXX.140] [email protected] CRAM-MD5 User logged in Same with Postfix: Without Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: connect from unknown[217.XX.XXX.140] Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: warning: SASL authentication failure: cannot connect to saslauthd server: Permission denied Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Oct 2 10:42:48 srf postfix/smtpd[17980]: warning: unknown[217.XX.XXX.140]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: generic failure With "Encrypted password": Oct 2 10:45:27 srf postfix/smtpd[21872]: connect from unknown[217.XX.XXX.140] Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/smtpd[21872]: 50B3A332AAB: client=unknown[217.XX.XXX.140], sasl_method=CRAM-MD5, [email protected] Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/cleanup[21899]: 50B3A332AAB: message-id=<[email protected]> Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/qmgr[6181]: 50B3A332AAB: from=<[email protected]>, size=398, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 2 10:45:28 srf postfix/smtpd[21872]: disconnect from unknown[217.XX.XXX.140] Config: /etc/imapd.conf:sasl_mech_list:LOGIN PLAIN CRAM-MD5 and /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf:mech_list: LOGIN PLAIN CRAM-MD5 I have no idea where to dig. Please advise.

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• How can I switch from a custom linux network namespace back to the default one?

  - by Martin

  With ip netns exec you can execute a command in a custom network namespace - but is there also a way to execute a command in the default namespace? For example, after executing these two commands: sudo ip netns add test_ns sudo ip netns exec test_ns bash How can the newly created bash execute programs in the default network namespace? There is no ip netns exec default or anything similar as far as I've found. My scenario is: I want to run a SSH server in a separate network namespace (to keep the rest of the system unaware of the network connection, as the system is used for network testing), but want to be able to execute programs in the default network namespace via the SSH connection. What I've found out so far: Created network namespaces are listed as files under /var/run/netns (but there is no file for the default namespace) The ip netns exec code can be found here: http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git/tree/ip/ipnetns.c#n132 - I haven't grasped everything that it is doing yet, but it doesn't look very promising. ip netns identify $$ as suggested by Howto query and change network namespace on linux? returns nothing when in the default network namespace

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• Connect linux server to VPN server via PPTP

  - by wowpatrick

  I'm trying to connect a Linux (Ubuntu 10.04 LST) server to a VPN server via the PPTP client to an VPN server. I configured the PPTP client as said in the documentation. The connection is correctly added as an interface, but somehow the connection dose not work. ping -I ppp0 google.com dose not return anything and traceroute -i ppp0 only shows the first hop, and then displays nothing. Any ideas of what is going wrong? Incorrect routing configuration? ifconfig output for the configured interface: ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:xx.x.xxx.xxx P-t-P:10.0.0.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1496 Metric:1 RX packets:415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:468 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:31428 (31.4 KB) TX bytes:32394 (32.3 KB) route output Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface xx.x.x.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 xx.xxx.xxx.xx sp.ip 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.2.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default sp.ip 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth1

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• Windows 2008 R2 RDS - Double Login

  - by colo_joe

  Issue: Double logins when connecting to RemoteApps or Remote Desktop Environment: Gateway = 1 server 2008 R2 - Roles = Gateway, Session Broker, Connection Mgr, Session Host Configuration server Session hosts = 2 servers 2008 R2 - Roles = App Manager and Session host configuration Testing: I can get to the url http://RDS.domain.com/rdweb - I get prompted for authentication (1) Pass authentication, get list of remote apps. Click on remoteapps or remote desktop, get prompted for authentication again (2). Pass authentication, I get access to app or RDP. Done so far. On session host Signed rdp files with cert. Added the following to the custom RDP settings: Authenticaton level:i:0 = If server authentication fails, connect to the computer without warning (Connect and don’t warn me). prompt for credentials on client:i:1 = RDC will prompt for credentials when connecting to a server that does not support server authentication. enablecredsspsupport:i:1 = RDP will use CredSSP, if the operating system supports CredSSP. Edited the javascript file as found in http://support.microsoft.com/kb/977507 Added Connection ID, and added Web Access server to TS Web Access Computers group on the Session host servers, and Signed apps as found in hxxp://blogs.msdn.com/b/rds/archive/2009/08/11/introducing-web-single-sign-on-for-remoteapp-and-desktop-connections.aspx Note: This double login happens internally and externally.

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• How is route automatic metric calculated on Windows 7?

  - by e-t172

  KB299540 explains how Windows XP automatically assign metrics to IP routes: The following table outlines the criteria that is used to assign metrics for routes that are bound to network interfaces of various speeds. Greater than 200 Mb: 10 Greater than 20 Mb, and less than or equal to 200 Mb: 20 Greater than 4 Mb, and less than or equal to 20 Mb: 30 Greater than 500 kilobits (Kb), and less than or equal to 4 Mb: 40 Less than or equal to 500 Kb: 50 However, they seem to have changed their algorithm in Windows 7, as my routing table looks like this: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.3 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.202.254.254 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.0.0 255.255.0.0 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.1.2 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 192.168.0.3 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 40 =========================================================================== The only "correct" metric is the first one (Gigabit connection = 10). However, other routes using the Gigabit connection have metric = 266, my VPN has metric = 286, and loopback is 306 (?!). Any idea what's going on?

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