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• Recommendations for a free GIS library supporting raster images

  - by gspr

  Hi. I'm quite new to the whole field of GIS, and I'm about to make a small program that essentially overlays GPS tracks on a map together with some other annotations. I primarily need to allow scanned (thus raster) maps (although it would be nice to support proper map formats and something like OpenStreetmap in the long run). My first exploratory program uses Qt's graphics view framework and overlays the GPS points by simply projecting them onto the tangent plane to the WGS84 ellipsoid at a calibration point. This gives half-decent accuracy, and actually looks good. But then I started wondering. To get the accuracy I need (i.e. remove the "half" in "half-decent"), I have to correct for the map projection. While the math is not a problem in itself, supporting many map projection feels like needless work. Even though a few projections would probably be enough, I started thinking about just using something like the PROJ.4 library to do my projections. But then, why not take it all the way? Perhaps I might aswell use a full-blown map library such as Mapnik (edit: Quantum GIS also looks very nice), which will probably pay off when I start to want even more fancy annotations or some other symptom of featuritis. So, finally, to the question: What would you do? Would you use a full-blown map library? If so, which one? Again, it's important that it supports using (and zooming in and out with) raster maps and has pretty overlay features. Or would you just keep it simple, and go with Qt's own graphics view framework together with something like PROJ.4 to handle the map projections? I appreciate any feedback! Some technicalities: I'm writing in C++ with a Qt-based GUI, so I'd prefer something that plays relatively nicely with those. Also, the library must be free software (as in FOSS), and at least decently cross-platform (GNU/Linux, Windows and Mac, at least). Edit: OK, it seems I didn't do quite enough research before asking this question. Both Quantum GIS and Mapnik seem very well suited for my purpose. The former especially so since it's based on Qt.

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• Good object/DB set-up for CMS-esque app for managing content and user permissions?

  - by sah302

  Hi all, so I am writing a big CMS-esque app to allow users to manage web content through web applications, I've got a pretty good db-driven user permission system going, but am having trouble coming up with a good way to handle content groups and pages, I've got a couple options and not sure which one to take. Furthermore, I am not sure how to handle static page updates that have no 'widgets' in them. My current set-up for permissions is this: Objects: User, UserGroup, UserUserGroup, UserGroupType Standard many to many relationship User -> UserUserGroup <- UserGroup each Usergroup has a UserGroupType, which could be anything from Title, Department, to PermissionGroup. PermissionGroup manages the permissions. Right now on a per page basis I check permissions based on their PermissionsGroups. So for a page which has CMS features for a news widget, I check for permission groups of "Site Admin" and "News Admin". Now the issue I am coming to is, the site has many different departments involved. No problem I think, I can just have a EntityContentGroup so any widget app can be used for any departments. So my HR department, each of their news items would be in the EntityContentGroup with the news item ID, and content group of "HR" or "HR News". But maybe this isn't the most efficient way to go about it? I don't want to put the content group simply as a NewsItemType because some news items could apply to multiple areas, so I want to be able to assign them to as many areas as I want. Likewise, all of my widget apps have this, so that's why I decided to choose EntityContentGroup and not just NewsItemContentGroup. I was also thinking well instead of doing a contentGroup do a Page object that says which page some entity should be on. It seems almost like the same thing, but would I want to use Page for something else? I was thinking Page would be used for static pages with no widgets, a simple Rich Text Editor can edit the content of that page and I save that item to a page?? And then instead of doing a page level check for UserGroup permissions, would it be better to associate a usergroup to a contentgroup, and then just depending on what contentGroup content on the page is displayed, determine the permissions through that relationship? Is that better? I am not sure at this point. I guess I am just getting a tad overwhelmed at this is the largest app in scope and size that I have ever written. What is the best approach for this based on my current user permission set-up?

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• Different function returns from command line and within function

  - by Myx

  Hello: I have an extremely bizzare situation: I have a function in MATLAB which calls three other main functions and produces two figures for me. The function reads in an input jpeg image, crops it, segments it using kmeans clustering, and outputs 2 figures to the screen - the original image and the clustered image with the cluster centers indicated. Here is the function in MATLAB: function [textured_avg_x photo_avg_x] = process_database_images() clear all warning off %#ok type_num_max = 3; % type is 1='texture', 2='graph', or 3='photo' type_num_max = 1; img_max_num_photo = 100; % 400 photo images img_max_num_other = 100; % 100 textured, and graph images for type_num = 1:2:type_num_max if(type_num == 3) img_num_max = img_max_num_photo; else img_num_max = img_max_num_other; end img_num_max = 1; for img_num = 1:img_num_max [type img] = load_image(type_num, img_num); %img = imread('..\images\445.jpg'); img = crop_image(img); [IDX k block_bounds features] = segment_image(img); end end end The function segment_image first shows me the color image that was passed in, performs kmeans clustering, and outputs the clustered image. When I run this function on a particular image, I get 3 clusters (which is not what I expect to get). When I run the following commands from the MATLAB command prompt: >> img = imread('..\images\texture\1.jpg'); >> img = crop_image(img); >> segment_image(img); then the first image that is displayed by segment_image is the same as when I run the function (so I know that the clustering is done on the same image) but the number of clusters is 16 (which is what I expect). In fact, when I run my process_database_images() function on my entire image database, EVERY image is evaluated to have 3 clusters (this is a problem), whereas when I test some images individually, I get in the range of 12-16 clusters, which is what I prefer and expect. Why is there such a discrepancy? Am I having some syntax bug in my process_database_images() function? If more code is required from me (i.e. segment_images function, or crop_image function), please let me know. Thanks.

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• Best method for converting several sets of numbers with several different ratios

  - by C Patton

  I'm working on an open-source harm reduction application for opioid addicts. One of the features in this application is the conversion (in mg/mcg) between common opioids, so people don't overdose by accident. If you're morally against opioid addiction and wouldn't respond because of your morals, please consider that this application is for HARM REDUCTION.. So people don't end up dead. I have this data.. 3mg morphine IV = 10mcg fentanyl IV 2mg morphine oral = 1mg oxycodone oral 3mg oral morphine = 1mg oxymorphone oral 7.0mg morphine oral = 1mg hydromorphone oral 1mg morphine iv = .10mg oxymorphone iv 1mg morphine oral = 1mg hydrocodone oral 1mg morphine oral = 6.67mg codeine oral 1mg morphine oral = .10mg methadone oral And I have a textbox that is the source dosage in mg (a double) that the user can enter in. Underneath this, I have radio boxes for the source substance (ie: morphine) and the destination substance (ie oxycodone) for conversion.. I've been trying to think of the most efficient way to do this, but nearly every seems sloppy. If I were to do something like public static double MorphinetoOxycodone(string morphineValue) { double morphine = Double.Parse(morphineValue); return (morphine / 2 ); } I would also have to make a function for OxycodonetoMorphine, OxycodonetoCodeine, etc.. and then would end up with dozens functions.. There must be an easier way than this that I'm missing. If you'll notice, all of my conversions use morphine as the base value.. what might be the easiest way to use the morphine value to convert one opioid to another? For example, if 1mg morphine oral is equal to 1mg hydrocodone and 1mg morphine oral is equal to .10mg methadone, wouldn't I just multiply 1*.10 to get the hydrocodone-methadone value? Implementing this idea is what I'm having the most trouble with. Any help would be GREATLY appreciated.. and if you'd like, I would add your name/nickname to the credits in this program. It's possible that many, many people around the world will use this (I'm translating it into several languages as well) and to know that your work could've helped an addict from dying.. I think that's a great thing :) -cory

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• MATLAB: different function returns from command line and within function

  - by Myx

  Hello: I have an extremely bizzare situation: I have a function in MATLAB which calls three other main functions and produces two figures for me. The function reads in an input jpeg image, crops it, segments it using kmeans clustering, and outputs 2 figures to the screen - the original image and the clustered image with the cluster centers indicated. Here is the function in MATLAB: function [textured_avg_x photo_avg_x] = process_database_images() clear all warning off %#ok type_num_max = 3; % type is 1='texture', 2='graph', or 3='photo' type_num_max = 1; img_max_num_photo = 100; % 400 photo images img_max_num_other = 100; % 100 textured, and graph images for type_num = 1:2:type_num_max if(type_num == 3) img_num_max = img_max_num_photo; else img_num_max = img_max_num_other; end img_num_max = 1; for img_num = 1:img_num_max [type img] = load_image(type_num, img_num); %img = imread('..\images\445.jpg'); img = crop_image(img); [IDX k block_bounds features] = segment_image(img); end end end The function segment_image first shows me the color image that was passed in, performs kmeans clustering, and outputs the clustered image. When I run this function on a particular image, I get 3 clusters (which is not what I expect to get). When I run the following commands from the MATLAB command prompt: >> img = imread('..\images\texture\1.jpg'); >> img = crop_image(img); >> segment_image(img); then the first image that is displayed by segment_image is the same as when I run the function (so I know that the clustering is done on the same image) but the number of clusters is 16 (which is what I expect). In fact, when I run my process_database_images() function on my entire image database, EVERY image is evaluated to have 3 clusters (this is a problem), whereas when I test some images individually, I get in the range of 12-16 clusters, which is what I prefer and expect. Why is there such a discrepancy? Am I having some syntax bug in my process_database_images() function? If more code is required from me (i.e. segment_images function, or crop_image function), please let me know. Thanks.

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• How can I structure and recode messy categorical data in R?

  - by briandk

  I'm struggling with how to best structure categorical data that's messy, and comes from a dataset I'll need to clean. The Coding Scheme I'm analyzing data from a university science course exam. We're looking at patterns in student responses, and we developed a coding scheme to represent the kinds of things students are doing in their answers. A subset of the coding scheme is shown below. Note that within each major code (1, 2, 3) are nested non-unique sub-codes (a, b, ...). What the Raw Data Looks Like I've created an anonymized, raw subset of my actual data which you can view here. Part of my problem is that those who coded the data noticed that some students displayed multiple patterns. The coders' solution was to create enough columns (reason1, reason2, ...) to hold students with multiple patterns. That becomes important because the order (reason1, reason2) is arbitrary--two students (like student 41 and student 42 in my dataset) who correctly applied "dependency" should both register in an analysis, regardless of whether 3a appears in the reason column or the reason2 column. How Can I Best Structure Student Data? Part of my problem is that in the raw data, not all students display the same patterns, or the same number of them, in the same order. Some students may do just one thing, others may do several. So, an abstracted representation of example students might look like this: Note in the example above that student002 and student003 both are coded as "1b", although I've deliberately shown the order as different to reflect the reality of my data. My (Practical) Questions Should I concatenate reason1, reason2, ... into one column? How can I (re)code the reasons in R to reflect the multiplicity for some students? Thanks I realize this question is as much about good data conceptualization as it is about specific features of R, but I thought it would be appropriate to ask it here. If you feel it's inappropriate for me to ask the question, please let me know in the comments, and stackoverflow will automatically flood my inbox with sadface emoticons. If I haven't been specific enough, please let me know and I'll do my best to be clearer.

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• Composite Views and View Controllers

  - by BillyK

  Hi, I'm somewhat new to Android and am in the process of designing an application with a couple fairly complex views. One of the views is intended to involve a complex view displaying information associated with model objects and segregated into several different views; the navigation of which is meant to be achieved using sliding effects (i.e. sliding one's finger across the screen to traverse from one screen to the next, etc). The view itself will be used to host multiple sets of views for varying types of model objects, but with a general structure that is reused between them all. As a rough example, the view might come up to display information about a person (the model object), displaying several details views: a view for general information, a view displaying a list of hobbies, and a view displaying a list of other individuals associated with their social network. The same general view, when given a model object representing a particular car would give several different views: A general view with details, A view containing photo images for that vehicle, a view representing locations which it could be purchased from, and a view providing a list of related cars. (NOTE: This is not the real data involved, but is representative of the general intent for the view). The subviews will NOT cover the entire screen real-estate and other features within the view should be both visible and able to be interacted with by the user. The idea here is that there is a general view structure that is reusable and which will manage a set of subviews dynamically generated based upon the type of model object handed to the view. I'm trying to determine the appropriate way to leverage the Android framework in order to best achieve this without violating the integrity of the framework. Basically, I'm trying to determine how to componentize this larger view into reusable units (i.e. general view, model-specific sub-view controllers, and individual detail views). To be more specific, I'm trying to determine if this view is best designed as a composite of several custom View classes or a composite of several Activity classes. I've seen several examples of custom composite views, but they typically are used to compose simple views without complex controllers and without attention to the general Activity lifecycle (i.e. storing and retrieving data related to the model objects, as appropriate). On the other hand, the only real example I've seen regarding a view comprised of a composite of Activities is the TabActivity itself, and that isn't customizable in the fashion that would be necessary for this. Does anyone have any suggestions as to the appropriate way to structure my view to achieve the application framework I'm looking for? Views? Activities? Something else? Any guidance would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• How and why do I set up a C# build machine?

  - by mmr

  Hi all, I'm working with a small (4 person) development team on a C# project. I've proposed setting up a build machine which will do nightly builds and tests of the project, because I understand that this is a Good Thing. Trouble is, we don't have a whole lot of budget here, so I have to justify the expense to the powers that be. So I want to know: What kind of tools/licenses will I need? Right now, we use Visual Studio and Smart Assembly to build, and Perforce for source control. Will I need something else, or is there an equivalent of a cron job for running automated scripts? What, exactly, will this get me, other than an indication of a broken build? Should I set up test projects in this solution (sln file) that will be run by these scripts, so I can have particular functions tested? We have, at the moment, two such tests, because we haven't had the time (or frankly, the experience) to make good unit tests. What kind of hardware will I need for this? Once a build has been finished and tested, is it a common practice to put that build up on an ftp site or have some other way for internal access? The idea is that this machine makes the build, and we all go to it, but can make debug builds if we have to. How often should we make this kind of build? How is space managed? If we make nightly builds, should we keep around all the old builds, or start to ditch them after about a week or so? Is there anything else I'm not seeing here? I realize that this is a very large topic, and I'm just starting out. I couldn't find a duplicate of this question here, and if there's a book out there I should just get, please let me know. EDIT: I finally got it to work! Hudson is completely fantastic, and FxCop is showing that some features we thought were implemented were actually incomplete. We also had to change the installer type from Old-And-Busted vdproj to New Hotness WiX. Basically, for those who are paying attention, if you can run your build from the command line, then you can put it into hudson. Making the build run from the command line via MSBuild is a useful exercise in itself, because it forces your tools to be current.

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• Sort/Group XML data with PHP?

  - by Volmar

  I'm trying to make a page using data from the discogs.com (XML)-API. i've been parsing it with simpleXML and it's working pretty well but there is some things i'm not sure how to do. Here is part of the XML: <releases> <release id="1468764" status="Accepted" type="Main"> <title>Versions</title> <format>12", EP</format> <label>Not On Label</label> <year>1999</year> </release> <release id="72246" status="Accepted" type="Main"> <title>The M.O.F Blend</title> <format>LP</format> <label>Blenda Records</label> <year>2002</year> </release> <release id="890064" status="Accepted" type="Main"> <title>The M.O.F Blend</title> <format>CD</format> <label>Blenda Records</label> <year>2002</year> </release> <release id="1563561" status="Accepted" type="TrackAppearance"> <title>Ännu En Gång Vol. 3</title> <trackinfo>Backtrack</trackinfo> <format>Cass, Comp, Mix</format> <label>Hemmalaget</label> <year>2001</year> </release> </releases> What i want to achieve is something similair to how discogs presents the releases: http://www.discogs.com/artist/Mics+Of+Fury where diferent versions of the same release are sorted together. (see. The M.O.F Blend in my link) This is done on discogs with having a master release that features the other releases. unfortunately this information isn't present in the API data, so i want to do the same thing by grouping the <release>-nodes with the same <title>-tags, or add a flag to the <releases> that don't have a unique <title>? any good ideas on the best way of doing this? i also like to know if it's possible to count the <release>-nodes (child of releases) that have the same type-attribute? like in this example count the releases with the type "Main"? maybe it's better to do this things with XMLReader or XPath?

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• SVN: Branches for Every Little Change?

  - by yar

  Hi. We have a client (who has a client, who has a client) who is driving us mad with change requests to a code base (in PHP). Our first response was to just work in a main trunk in SVN, but the client often comes back and requests that a certain change needs to get pushed to the live servers ASAP. On the other hand, other changes get reduced in priority suddenly, which originally came grouped with other changes (seemingly). We are thinking of using a branch for every change request. Is this mad? What other solutions might work? Thanks! Edit: This is a really hard question to choose the correct answer for. Thanks to everybody for your great answers. Edit: I know that the best answer I chose was not particularly popular. I too wanted to find a technical solution to this problem. But now I think that if the client wants software with features that can be deployed in a modular fashion... this problem should not be solved in our use of the version control system. It would have to be designed into the software. Edit: Now it's almost a month later and my coworker/client has convinced me that multiple branches is the way to go. This is not just due to the client's insanity, but also based on our need to be able to determine if a feature is "ready to go" or "needs more work" or whatever. I don't have the SVN with me, but we merge using the advice from the SVN Cookbook: you merge the branch from the revision it was branched to the head revision. Also, using this system, we merge all branches at some point and that becomes the new QA and then live build. Then we branch from that. Last Edit (Perhaps): Months later, this system is still working out for us. We create branches for every ticket and rarely have problems. On the other hand, we do try to keep things separate as far as what people are working on... Two Years Later: We use GIT now, and now this system is actually quite reasonable.

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• Which programming language to choose? (for a specific problem/domain, details inside)

  - by Bijan

  I am building a trading portfolio management system that is responsible for production, optimization, and simulation of non-high frequency trading portfolios (dealing with 1min or 3min bars of data, not tick data). I plan on employing Amazon web services to take on the entire load of the application. I have four choices that I am considering as language. a) Java b) C++ c) C# d) Python Here is the scope of the extremes of the project scope. This isn't how it will be, maybe ever, but it's within the scope of the requirements: Weekly simulation of 10,000,000 trading systems. (Each trading system is expected to have its own data mining methods, including feature selection algorithms which are extremely computationally-expensive. Imagine 500-5000 features using wrappers. These are not run often by any means, but it's still a consideration) Real-time production of portfolio w/ 100,000 trading strategies Taking in 1 min or 3 min data from every stock/futures market around the globe (approx 100,000) Portfolio optimization of portfolios with up to 100,000 strategies. (rather intensive algorithm) Speed is a concern, but I believe that Java can handle the load. I just want to make sure that Java CAN handle the above requirements comfortably. I don't want to do the project in C++, but I will if it's required. The reason C# is on there is because I thought it was a good alternative to Java, even though I don't like Windows at all and would prefer Java if all things are the same. Python - I've read somethings on PyPy and pyscho that claim python can be optimized with JIT compiling to run at near C-like speeds.... That's pretty much the only reason it is on this list, besides that fact that Python is a great language and would probably be the most enjoyable language to code in, which is not a factor at all for this project, but a perk. To sum up: - real time production - weekly simulations of a large number of systems - weekly/monthly optimizations of portfolios - large numbers of connections to collect data from There is no dealing with millisecond or even second based trades. The only consideration is if Java can possibly deal with this kind of load when spread out of a necessary amount of EC2 servers. Thank you guys so much for your wisdom.

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• Question about Architecture for Viewing Images in ASP.NET MVC App

  - by Charlie Flowers

  I have an approach in mind for an image viewer in a web app, and want to get a sanity check and any thoughts you stackoverflowers might have. Here's the whirlwind nutshell summary: I'm working on an ASP.NET MVC application that will run in my company's retail stores. Even though it is a web application, we own the store machines and have control over them. We have a "windows agent" running on the store machine which we can talk to from the browser via javascript (it is a WCF service, and our web app has permission to talk to it from the browser). One of the web pages needs to be an "image viewer" page with some common things like Rotate & Zoom. Now, there are some WebForms controls that offer Rotate and Zoom. However, they take up server resources and generate a good bit of traffic between the server and the browser. For example, the Rotate function would cause an ajax call to the server, which would then generate a new image written to a .NET Canvas object, which would then be written to a file on the server, which would then be returned from the ajax call and refreshed inside the browser. Normally, that's a pretty good way of doing things. But in our case, we have code running on the store machine that we can communicate with. This leads me to consider the following approach: When the user asks to view an image, we tell our "windows agent" to download it from our image server to the store machine. We then redirect our browser to our image viewer page, which will pull the image from the local file we just wrote to the store machine. When the user clicks "Rotate", we cause JavaScript code in the browser to call our "windows agent" software, asking it to perform the "Rotate" function. The "windows agent" does the rotation using the same kind of imaging control that would formerly have been used on the server, but it does so now on the store machine. Javascript in the browser then refreshes the image on the page to show the newly rotated image. Zoom and similar features would be implemented the same way. This seems to be much more efficient, scalable, and responsive for the end-users. However, I've never heard of anything like it being done, mostly because it's rare to have this combination of a web app plus a "windows agent" on the client machine. What do you think? Feasible? Reasonable? Any pitfalls I overlooked or improvements / suggestions you can see? Has anyone done anything like this who would like to offer the wisdom of experience? Thanks!

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• mounting ext4 fs with block size of 65536

  - by seaquest

  I am doing some benchmarking on EXT4 performance on Compact Flash media. I have created an ext4 fs with block size of 65536. however I can not mount it on ubuntu-10.10-netbook-i386. (it is already mounting ext4 fs with 4096 bytes of block sizes) According to my readings on ext4 it should allow such big block sized fs. I want to hear your comments. root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 65536 /dev/sda3 Warning: blocksize 65536 not usable on most systems. mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) mkfs.ext4: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096) Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Warning: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096), forced to continue Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=65536 (log=6) Fragment size=65536 (log=6) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 19968 inodes, 19830 blocks 991 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 1 block group 65528 blocks per group, 65528 fragments per group 19968 inodes per group Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. root@ubuntu:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 4cf3f507-e7b4-463c-be11-5b408097099b Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 19968 Block count: 19830 Reserved block count: 991 Free blocks: 18720 Free inodes: 19957 First block: 0 Block size: 65536 Fragment size: 65536 Blocks per group: 65528 Fragments per group: 65528 Inodes per group: 19968 Inode blocks per group: 78 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Sat Feb 5 14:40:02 2011 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Thu Aug 4 14:39:55 2011 Lifetime writes: 70 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: afb5b570-9d47-4786-bad2-4aacb3b73516 Journal backup: inode blocks root@ubuntu:~# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda3 /mnt/ mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so

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• How do I classify using SVM Classifier?

  - by Gomathi

  I'm doing a project in liver tumor classification. Actually I initially used Region Growing method for liver segmentation and from that I segmented tumor using FCM. I,then, obtained the texture features using Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix. My output for that was stats = autoc: [1.857855266614132e+000 1.857955341199538e+000] contr: [5.103143332457753e-002 5.030548650257343e-002] corrm: [9.512661919561399e-001 9.519459060378332e-001] corrp: [9.512661919561385e-001 9.519459060378338e-001] cprom: [7.885631654779597e+001 7.905268525471267e+001] Now how should I give this as an input to the SVM program. function [itr] = multisvm( T,C,tst ) %MULTISVM(2.0) classifies the class of given training vector according to the % given group and gives us result that which class it belongs. % We have also to input the testing matrix %Inputs: T=Training Matrix, C=Group, tst=Testing matrix %Outputs: itr=Resultant class(Group,USE ROW VECTOR MATRIX) to which tst set belongs %----------------------------------------------------------------------% % IMPORTANT: DON'T USE THIS PROGRAM FOR CLASS LESS THAN 3, % % OTHERWISE USE svmtrain,svmclassify DIRECTLY or % % add an else condition also for that case in this program. % % Modify required data to use Kernel Functions and Plot also% %----------------------------------------------------------------------% % Date:11-08-2011(DD-MM-YYYY) % % This function for multiclass Support Vector Machine is written by % ANAND MISHRA (Machine Vision Lab. CEERI, Pilani, India) % and this is free to use. email: [email protected] % Updated version 2.0 Date:14-10-2011(DD-MM-YYYY) u=unique(C); N=length(u); c4=[]; c3=[]; j=1; k=1; if(N>2) itr=1; classes=0; cond=max(C)-min(C); while((classes~=1)&&(itr<=length(u))&& size(C,2)>1 && cond>0) %This while loop is the multiclass SVM Trick c1=(C==u(itr)); newClass=c1; svmStruct = svmtrain(T,newClass); classes = svmclassify(svmStruct,tst); % This is the loop for Reduction of Training Set for i=1:size(newClass,2) if newClass(1,i)==0; c3(k,:)=T(i,:); k=k+1; end end T=c3; c3=[]; k=1; % This is the loop for reduction of group for i=1:size(newClass,2) if newClass(1,i)==0; c4(1,j)=C(1,i); j=j+1; end end C=c4; c4=[]; j=1; cond=max(C)-min(C); % Condition for avoiding group %to contain similar type of values %and the reduce them to process % This condition can select the particular value of iteration % base on classes if classes~=1 itr=itr+1; end end end end Kindly guide me. Images:

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• What are the Options for Storing Hierarchical Data in a Relational Database?

  - by orangepips

  Good Overviews One more Nested Intervals vs. Adjacency List comparison: the best comparison of Adjacency List, Materialized Path, Nested Set and Nested Interval I've found. Models for hierarchical data: slides with good explanations of tradeoffs and example usage Representing hierarchies in MySQL: very good overview of Nested Set in particular Hierarchical data in RDBMSs: most comprehensive and well organized set of links I've seen, but not much in the way on explanation Options Ones I am aware of and general features: Adjacency List: Columns: ID, ParentID Easy to implement. Cheap node moves, inserts, and deletes. Expensive to find level (can store as a computed column), ancestry & descendants (Bridge Hierarchy combined with level column can solve), path (Lineage Column can solve). Use Common Table Expressions in those databases that support them to traverse. Nested Set (a.k.a Modified Preorder Tree Traversal) First described by Joe Celko - covered in depth in his book Trees and Hierarchies in SQL for Smarties Columns: Left, Right Cheap level, ancestry, descendants Compared to Adjacency List, moves, inserts, deletes more expensive. Requires a specific sort order (e.g. created). So sorting all descendants in a different order requires additional work. Nested Intervals Combination of Nested Sets and Materialized Path where left/right columns are floating point decimals instead of integers and encode the path information. Bridge Table (a.k.a. Closure Table: some good ideas about how to use triggers for maintaining this approach) Columns: ancestor, descendant Stands apart from table it describes. Can include some nodes in more than one hierarchy. Cheap ancestry and descendants (albeit not in what order) For complete knowledge of a hierarchy needs to be combined with another option. Flat Table A modification of the Adjacency List that adds a Level and Rank (e.g. ordering) column to each record. Expensive move and delete Cheap ancestry and descendants Good Use: threaded discussion - forums / blog comments Lineage Column (a.k.a. Materialized Path, Path Enumeration) Column: lineage (e.g. /parent/child/grandchild/etc...) Limit to how deep the hierarchy can be. Descendants cheap (e.g. LEFT(lineage, #) = '/enumerated/path') Ancestry tricky (database specific queries) Database Specific Notes MySQL Use session variables for Adjacency List Oracle Use CONNECT BY to traverse Adjacency Lists PostgreSQL ltree datatype for Materialized Path SQL Server General summary 2008 offers HierarchyId data type appears to help with Lineage Column approach and expand the depth that can be represented.

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• How to learn proper C++?

  - by Chris

  While reading a long series of really, really interesting threads, I've come to a realization: I don't think I really know C++. I know C, I know classes, I know inheritance, I know templates (& the STL) and I know exceptions. Not C++. To clarify, I've been writing "C++" for more than 5 years now. I know C, and I know that C and C++ share a common subset. What I've begun to realize, though, is that more times than not, I wind up treating C++ something vaguely like "C with classes," although I do practice RAII. I've never used Boost, and have only read up on TR1 and C++0x - I haven't used any of these features in practice. I don't use namespaces. I see a list of #defines, and I think - "Gracious, that's horrible! Very un-C++-like," only to go and mindlessly write class wrappers for the sake of it, and I wind up with large numbers (maybe a few per class) of static methods, and for some reason, that just doesn't seem right lately. The professional in me yells "just get the job done," the academic yells "you should write proper C++ when writing C++" and I feel like the point of balance is somewhere in between. I'd like to note that I don't want to program "pure" C++ just for the sake of it. I know several languages. I have a good feel for what "Pythonic" is. I know what clean and clear PHP is. Good C code I can read and write better than English. The issue is that I learned C by example, and picked up C++ as a "series of modifications" to C. And a lot of my early C++ work was creating class wrappers for C libraries. I feel like my own personal C-heavy background while learning C++ has sort of... clouded my acceptance of C++ in it's own right, as it's own language. Do the weathered C++ lags here have any advice for me? Good examples of clean, sharp C++ to learn from? What habits of C does my inner-C++ really need to break from? My goal here is not to go forth and trumpet "good" C++ paradigm from rooftops for the sake of it. C and C++ are two different languages, and I want to start treating them that way. How? Where to start? Thanks in advance! Cheers, -Chris

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• writing XML with Xerces 3.0.1 and C++ on windows

  - by Jon

  Hi, i have the following function i wrote to create an XML file using Xerces 3.0.1, if i call this function with a filePath of "foo.xml" or "../foo.xml" it works great, but if i pass in "c:/foo.xml" then i get an exception on this line XMLFormatTarget *formatTarget = new LocalFileFormatTarget(targetPath); can someone explain why my code works for relative paths, but not absolute paths please? many thanks. const int ABSOLUTE_PATH_FILENAME_PREFIX_SIZE = 9; void OutputXML(xercesc::DOMDocument* pmyDOMDocument, std::string filePath) { //Return the first registered implementation that has the desired features. In this case, we are after a DOM implementation that has the LS feature... or Load/Save. DOMImplementation *implementation = DOMImplementationRegistry::getDOMImplementation(L"LS"); // Create a DOMLSSerializer which is used to serialize a DOM tree into an XML document. DOMLSSerializer *serializer = ((DOMImplementationLS*)implementation)->createLSSerializer(); // Make the output more human readable by inserting line feeds. if (serializer->getDomConfig()->canSetParameter(XMLUni::fgDOMWRTFormatPrettyPrint, true)) serializer->getDomConfig()->setParameter(XMLUni::fgDOMWRTFormatPrettyPrint, true); // The end-of-line sequence of characters to be used in the XML being written out. serializer->setNewLine(XMLString::transcode("\r\n")); // Convert the path into Xerces compatible XMLCh*. XMLCh *tempFilePath = XMLString::transcode(filePath.c_str()); // Calculate the length of the string. const int pathLen = XMLString::stringLen(tempFilePath); // Allocate memory for a Xerces string sufficent to hold the path. XMLCh *targetPath = (XMLCh*)XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager->allocate((pathLen + ABSOLUTE_PATH_FILENAME_PREFIX_SIZE) * sizeof(XMLCh)); // Fixes a platform dependent absolute path filename to standard URI form. XMLString::fixURI(tempFilePath, targetPath); // Specify the target for the XML output. XMLFormatTarget *formatTarget = new LocalFileFormatTarget(targetPath); //XMLFormatTarget *myFormTarget = new StdOutFormatTarget(); // Create a new empty output destination object. DOMLSOutput *output = ((DOMImplementationLS*)implementation)->createLSOutput(); // Set the stream to our target. output->setByteStream(formatTarget); // Write the serialized output to the destination. serializer->write(pmyDOMDocument, output); // Cleanup. serializer->release(); XMLString::release(&tempFilePath); delete formatTarget; output->release(); }

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• Implementing coroutines in Java

  - by JUST MY correct OPINION

  This question is related to my question on existing coroutine implementations in Java. If, as I suspect, it turns out that there is no full implementation of coroutines currently available in Java, what would be required to implement them? As I said in that question, I know about the following: You can implement "coroutines" as threads/thread pools behind the scenes. You can do tricksy things with JVM bytecode behind the scenes to make coroutines possible. The so-called "Da Vinci Machine" JVM implementation has primitives that make coroutines doable without bytecode manipulation. There are various JNI-based approaches to coroutines also possible. I'll address each one's deficiencies in turn. Thread-based coroutines This "solution" is pathological. The whole point of coroutines is to avoid the overhead of threading, locking, kernel scheduling, etc. Coroutines are supposed to be light and fast and to execute only in user space. Implementing them in terms of full-tilt threads with tight restrictions gets rid of all the advantages. JVM bytecode manipulation This solution is more practical, albeit a bit difficult to pull off. This is roughly the same as jumping down into assembly language for coroutine libraries in C (which is how many of them work) with the advantage that you have only one architecture to worry about and get right. It also ties you down to only running your code on fully-compliant JVM stacks (which means, for example, no Android) unless you can find a way to do the same thing on the non-compliant stack. If you do find a way to do this, however, you have now doubled your system complexity and testing needs. The Da Vinci Machine The Da Vinci Machine is cool for experimentation, but since it is not a standard JVM its features aren't going to be available everywhere. Indeed I suspect most production environments would specifically forbid the use of the Da Vinci Machine. Thus I could use this to make cool experiments but not for any code I expect to release to the real world. This also has the added problem similar to the JVM bytecode manipulation solution above: won't work on alternative stacks (like Android's). JNI implementation This solution renders the point of doing this in Java at all moot. Each combination of CPU and operating system requires independent testing and each is a point of potentially frustrating subtle failure. Alternatively, of course, I could tie myself down to one platform entirely but this, too, makes the point of doing things in Java entirely moot. So... Is there any way to implement coroutines in Java without using one of these four techniques? Or will I be forced to use the one of those four that smells the least (JVM manipulation) instead?

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• Google Code + SVN or GitHub + Git

  - by Nazgulled

  Let me start by telling you that I never used anything besides SVN and I'm also a Windows user. I have a couple of simple projects that are open-source, others are on there way when I'm happy enough to release their source code but either way, I was thinking of using Google Code and SVN to share the source code of my projects instead of providing a link to the source on my website. This as always been a pain cause I had to update the binaries and the code every time I released a new version. This would also help me out to have a backup of my code some where instead of just my local machine (I used to have a local Subversion server running). What I want from a service like this is very simple... I just want a place to store my source code that people can download if they want, allows me to control revisions and provide a simple and easy issue system so people can submit bugs and stuff like that. I guess both of them have this. But I don't want to host any binaries in their websites, I want this to be hosted on my website so I can control download statistics with my own scripts, I also don't have the need for wiki pages as I prefer to have all the documentation in my own website. Does anyone of this services provide a way to "disable" features like wiki and downloads and don't show them at all for my project(s)? Now, I'm sure there are lots of pros and cons about using Google Code with SVN and GitHub with Git (of course) but here's what it's important for me on each one and why I like them: Google Code: As with any Google page, the complexity is almost non-existent Everyone (or almost) as a Google account and this is nice if people want to report problems using the issues system GitHub: May (or may not) be a little more complex (not a problem for me though) than Google's pages but... ...has a much prettier interface than Google's service It needs people to be registered on GitHub to post about issues I like the fact that with Git, you have your own revisions locally (can I use TortoiseGit for this or?) Basically that's it, not much I know... What other, most common, pros and cons can you tell me about each site/software? Keep in mind that my projects are simple, I'm probably the only one who will ever develop these projects on these repositories (or maybe not, for now I will)

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• Implicit vs explicit getters/setters in AS3, which to use and why?

  - by James

  Since the advent of AS3 I have been working like this: private var loggy:String; public function getLoggy ():String { return loggy; } public function setLoggy ( loggy:String ):void { // checking to make sure loggy's new value is kosher etc... this.loggy = loggy; } and have avoided working like this: private var _loggy:String; public function get loggy ():String { return loggy; } public function set loggy ( loggy:String ):void { // checking to make sure loggy's new value is kosher etc... this.loggy = loggy; } I have avoided using AS3's implicit getters/setters partly so that I can just start typing "get.." and content assist will give me a list of all my getters, and likewise for my setters. I also dislike underscores in my code which turned me off the implicit route. Another reason is that I prefer the feel of this: whateverObject.setLoggy( "loggy's awesome new value!" ); to this: whateverObject.loggy = "loggy's awesome new value!"; I feel that the former better reflects what is actually happening in the code. I am calling functions, not setting values directly. After installing Flash Builder and the great new plugin SourceMate ( which helps to get some of the useful features that FDT is famous into FB ) I realized that when I use SourceMate's "generate getters and setters" feature it automatically sets my code up using the implicit route: private var _loggy:String; public function get loggy ():String { return loggy; } public function set loggy ( loggy:String ):void { // do whatever is needed to check to make sure loggy is an acceptable value this.loggy = loggy; } I figure that these SourceMate people must know what they are doing or they wouldn't be writing workflow enhancement plugins for coding in AS3, so now I am questioning my ways. So my question to you is: Can anyone give me a good reason why I should give up my explicit g/s ways, start using the implicit technique, and embrace those stinky little _underscores for my private vars? Or back me up in my reasons for doing things the way that I do?

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• What makes great software?

  - by VirtuosiMedia

  From the perspective of an end user, what makes a software great rather than just good or functional? What are some fundamental principles that can shift the way a software is used and perceived? What are some of the little finishing touches that help put an application over the top? I'm in the later stages of developing a web app and I'm looking for ideas or concepts that I may have missed. If you have specific examples of software or apps that you absolutely love, please share the reasons or features that make it special. Keep in mind that I'm looking for examples that directly affect the end user, but not necessarily just UI suggestions. Here are some of the principles and little touches I'm trying to use: Keep the UI as simple as possible. Remove absolutely everything that isn't necessary. Use progressive disclosure when more information can be needed sometimes but isn't needed all the time. Provide inline help and useful error messages. Verbs on buttons wherever possible. Make anything that's clickable obvious. Fast, responsive UI. Accessibility (this is a work in progress). Reusable UI patterns. Once a user learns a skill, they will be able to use it in multiple places. Intelligent default settings. Auto-focusing forms when filling out the form is the primary action to be taken on the page. Clear metaphors (like tabs) and headings indicating location within the app. Automating repetitive tasks (with the ability to disable the automation). Use standardized or accepted metaphors for icons (like an "x" for delete). Larger text sizes for improved readability. High contrast so that each section is distinct. Making sure that it's obvious on every page what the user is supposed to do by establishing a clear information hierarchy and drawing the eye to the call to action. Most deletions can be undone. Discoverability - Make it easy to learn how to do new tasks. Group similar elements together.

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• Creating multiple heads in remote repository

  - by Jab

  We are looking to move our team (~10 developers) from SVN to mercurial. We are trying to figure out how to manage our workflow. In particular, we are trying to see if creating remote heads is the right solution. We currently have a very large repository with multiple, related projects. They share a lot of code, but pieces of the project are deployed by different teams (3 teams) independent of other portions of the code-base. So each team is working on concurrent large features. The way we currently handles this in SVN are branches. Team1 has a branch for Feature1, same deal for the other teams. When Team1 finishes their change, it gets merged into the trunk and deployed out. The other teams follow suite when their project is complete, merging of course. So my initial thought are using Named Branches for these situations. Team1 makes a Feature1 branch off of the default branch in Hg. Now, here is the question. Should the team PUSH that branch, in it's current/half-state to the repository. This will create a second head in the core repo. My initial reaction was "NO!" as it seems like a bad idea. Handling multiple heads on our repository just sounds awful, but there are some advantages... First, the teams want to setup Continuous Integration to build this branch during their development cycle(months long). This will only work if the CI can pull this branch from the repo. This is something we do now with SVN, copy a CI build and change the branch. Easy. Second, it makes it easier for any team member to jump onto the branch and start working. Without pushing to the core repo, they would have to receive a push from a developer on that team with the changeset information. It is also possible to lose local commits to hardware failure. The chances increase a lot if it's a branch by a single developer who has followed the "don't push until finished" approach. And lastly is just for ease of use. The developers can easily just commit and push on their branch at any time without consequence(as they do today, in their SVN branches). Is there a better way to handle this scenario that I may be missing? I just want a veteran's opinion before moving forward with the strategy. For bug fixes we like the general workflow of mecurial, anonymous branches that only consist of 1-2 commits. The simplicity is great for those cases. By the way, I've read this , great article which seems to favor Named branches.

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• PHP - JSON Steam API query

  - by Hunter

  First time using "JSON" and I've just been working away at my dissertation and I'm integrating a few features from the steam API.. now I'm a little bit confused as to how to create arrays. function test_steamAPI() { $api = ('http://api.steampowered.com/ISteamUser/GetPlayerSummaries/v0002/?key='.get_Steam_api().'&steamids=76561197960435530'); $test = decode_url($api); var_dump($test['response']['players'][0]['personaname']['steamid']); } //Function to decode and return the data. function decode_url($url) { $decodeURL = $url; $data = file_get_contents($url); $data_output = json_decode($data, true); return $data_output; } So ea I've wrote a simple method to decode Json as I'll be doing a fair bit.. But just wondering the best way to print out arrays.. I can't for the life of me get it to print more than 1 element without it retunring an error e.g. Warning: Illegal string offset 'steamid' in /opt/lampp/htdocs/lan/lan-includes/scripts/class.steam.php on line 48 string(1) "R" So I can print one element, and if I add another it returns errors. EDIT -- Thanks for help, So this was my solution: function test_steamAPI() { $api = ('http://api.steampowered.com/ISteamUser/GetPlayerSummaries/v0002/?key='.get_Steam_api().'&steamids=76561197960435530,76561197960435530'); $data = decode_url($api); foreach($data ['response']['players'] as $player) { echo "Steam id:" . $player['steamid'] . "\n"; echo "Community visibility :" . $player['communityvisibilitystate'] . "\n"; echo "Player profile" . $player['profileurl'] ."\n"; } } //Function to decode and return the data. function decode_url($url) { $decodeURL = $url; $json = file_get_contents($decodeURL); $data_output = json_decode($json, true); return $data_output; } Worked this out by taking a look at the data.. and a couple json examples, this returns an array based on the Steam API URL (It works for multiple queries.... just FYI) and you can insert loops inside for items etc.. (if anyone searches for this).

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• grdb not working variables

  - by stupid_idiot

  hi, i know this is kinda retarded but I just can't figure it out. I'm debugging this: xor eax,eax mov ah,[var1] mov al,[var2] call addition stop: jmp stop var1: db 5 var2: db 6 addition: add ah,al ret the numbers that I find on addresses var1 and var2 are 0x0E and 0x07. I know it's not segmented, but that ain't reason for it to do such escapades, because the addition call works just fine. Could you please explain to me where is my mistake? I see the problem, dunno how to fix it yet though. The thing is, for some reason the instruction pointer starts at 0x100 and all the segment registers at 0x1628. To address the instruction the used combination is i guess [cs:ip] (one of the segment registers and the instruction pointer for sure). The offset to var1 is 0x10 (probably because from the begining of the code it's the 0x10th byte in order), i tried to examine the memory and what i got was: 1628:100 8 bytes 1628:108 8 bytes 1628:110 <- wtf? (assume another 8 bytes) 1628:118 ... whatever tricks are there in the memory [cs:var1] points somewhere else than in my code, which is probably where the label .data would usually address ds.... probably.. i don't know what is supposed to be at 1628:10 ok, i found out what caused the assness and wasted me whole fuckin day. the behaviour described above is just correct, the code is fully functional. what i didn't know is that grdb debugger for some reason sets the begining address to 0x100... the sollution is to insert the directive ORG 0x100 on the first line and that's the whole thing. the code was working because instruction pointer has the right address to first instruction and goes one by one, but your assembler doesn't know what effective address will be your program stored at so it pretty much remains relative to first line of the code which means all the variables (if not using label for data section) will remain pointing as if it started at 0x0. which of course wouldn't work with DOS. and grdb apparently emulates some DOS features... sry for the language, thx everyone for effort, hope this will spare someone's time if having the same problem... heheh.. at least now i know the reason why to use .data section :))))

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• Javascript self contained sandbox events and client side stack

  - by amnon

  I'm in the process of moving a JSF heavy web application to a REST and mainly JS module application . I've watched "scalable javascript application architecture" by Nicholas Zakas on yui theater (excellent video) and implemented much of the talk with good success but i have some questions : I found the lecture a little confusing in regards to the relationship between modules and sandboxes , on one had to my understanding modules should not be effected by something happening outside of their sandbox and this is why they publish events via the sandbox (and not via the core as they do access the core for hiding base libary) but each module in the application gets a new sandbox ? , shouldn't the sandbox limit events to the modoules using it ? or should events be published cross page ? e.g. : if i have two editable tables but i want to contain each one in a different sandbox and it's events effect only the modules inside that sandbox something like messabe box per table which is a different module/widget how can i do that with sandbox per module , ofcourse i can prefix the events with the moduleid but that creates coupling that i want to avoid ... and i don't want to package modules toghter as one module per combination as i already have 6-7 modules ? while i can hide the base library for small things like id selector etc.. i would still like to use the base library for module dependencies and resource loading and use something like yui loader or dojo.require so in fact i'm hiding the base library but the modules themself are defined and loaded by the base library ... seems a little strange to me libraries don't return simple js objects but usualy wrap them e.g. : u can do something like $$('.classname').each(.. which cleans the code alot , it makes no sense to wrap the base and then in the module create a dependency for the base library by executing .each but not using those features makes a lot of code written which can be left out ... and implemnting that functionality is very bug prone does anyonen have any experience with building a front side stack of this order ? how easy is it to change a base library and/or have modules from different libraries , using yui datatable but doing form validation with dojo ... ? some what of a combination of 2+4 if u choose to do something like i said and load dojo form validation widgets for inputs via yui loader would that mean dojocore is a module and the form module is dependant on it ? Thanks .

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