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  • Why i am getting NullPointerException for this btree method??

    - by user306540
    hi, i am writing code for btree algorithms. i am getting NullPointerException . why???? please somebody help me...! public void insertNonFull(BPlusNode root,BPlusNode parent,String key) { int i=0; BPlusNode child=new BPlusNode(); BPlusNode node=parent; while(true) { i=node.numKeys-1; if(node.leaf) { while(i>=0 && key.compareTo(node.keys[i])<0) { node.keys[i+1]=node.keys[i]; i--; } node.keys[i+1]=key; node.numKeys=node.numKeys+1; } else { while(i>=0 && key.compareTo(node.keys[i])<0) { i--; } } i++; child=node.pointers[i]; if(child!=null && child.numKeys==7) { splitChild(root,node,i,child); if(key.compareTo(node.keys[i])>0) { i++; } } node=node.pointers[i]; } }

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  • std::string.resize() and std::string.length()

    - by dreamlax
    I'm relatively new to C++ and I'm still getting to grips with the C++ Standard Library. To help transition from C, I want to format a std::string using printf-style formatters. I realise stringstream is a more type-safe approach, but I find myself finding printf-style much easier to read and deal with (at least, for the time being). This is my function: using namespace std; string formatStdString(const string &format, ...) { va_list va; string output; size_t needed; size_t used; va_start(va, format); needed = vsnprintf(&output[0], 0, format.c_str(), va); output.resize(needed + 1); // for null terminator?? used = vsnprintf(&output[0], output.capacity(), format.c_str(), va); // assert(used == needed); va_end(va); return output; } This works, kinda. A few things that I am not sure about are: Do I need to make room for a null terminator, or is this unnecessary? Is capacity() the right function to call here? I keep thinking length() would return 0 since the first character in the string is a '\0'. Occasionally while writing this string's contents to a socket (using its c_str() and length()), I have null bytes popping up on the receiving end, which is causing a bit of grief, but they seem to appear inconsistently. If I don't use this function at all, no null bytes appear.

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  • Why is JavaMail Transport.send() a static method?

    - by skiphoppy
    I'm revising code I did not write that uses JavaMail, and having a little trouble understanding why the JavaMail API is designed the way it is. I have the feeling that if I understood, I could be doing a better job. We call: transport = session.getTransport("smtp"); transport.connect(hostName, port, user, password); So why is Eclipse warning me that this: transport.send(message, message.getAllRecipients()); is a call to a static method? Why am I getting a Transport object and providing settings that are specific to it if I can't use that object to send the message? How does the Transport class even know what server and other settings to use to send the message? It's working fine, which is hard to believe. What if I had instantiated Transport objects for two different servers; how would it know which one to use? In the course of writing this question, I've discovered that I should really be calling: transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients()); So what is the purpose of the static Transport.send() method? Is this just poor design, or is there a reason it is this way?

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  • ArrayList<Int> Collections.Sort and LineNumberReader Help How to

    - by user1819551
    I have a issue i can't get it to work now let going to the point a explain in the code thanks. This is my class: what I want to do is insert the Integers sort the list and buffer writer in a column with out coma. Now I getting this: [1110018, 1110032, 1110056, 1110059, 1110063, 1110085, 1110096, 1110123, 1110125, 1110185, 1110456, 1110459] I want like this: 111xxxxx 111xxxx xxxx....... I can't do it in single array, have to be in ArrayList. This is my collecting: list.addNumbers(numbers); list.display(); This is my writer: Is buffered coma.write("\n"+list.display()); coma.flush();<br/> Here is my class: public class IdCount {<br/> private ArrayList<Integer> properNumber = new ArrayList<>(); public void addNumbers(Integer numbers) { properNumber.add(numbers); Collections.sort(properNumber); } public String display() { //(I try .toString() Not work) return properNumber.toString(); } My second issue is LineNumberReader: This is my collecting and my writing: try { Reader input = new BufferedReader( new FileReader(inputFile)); try (Scanner in = new Scanner(input)) { while (in.hasNext()) { //(More Code) asp = new LineNumberReader(input); int rom = 0; while (asp.readLine()!=null){ rom++; } System.out.println(rom); coma.write(rom); This one will not write anything an my System Print give me only 12 0 in column.

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  • Possible to capture all events in a web browser?

    - by David
    I am working on a pet project and am at the research stage. Quick summary I am trying to intercept all form submits, onclick, and every single keydown. My library of choice is either jquery, or jquery + prototypejs. I figure I can batch up the events into a queue/stack and send it back to the server in time interval batches to keep performance relatively stable. Concerns Form submits and change's would be relatively simple.. Something like $("form :inputs").bind("change", function() { ... record event... }); But how to ensure I get precedence over the applications handlers as I have a habit of putting return false on a lot of my form handlers when there is a validation issue. As I understand it, that effectively stops the event in its tracks. My project For my smaller remote clients I will put their products onto a VPS or run it in my home data center. Currently I use a basic authentication system, given a username/password they see the website and then hopefully send me somewhat sane notes on what is broken or should be tweaked. As a better solution, I've written a simple proxy web server that does the above but allows me to have one DNS entry and then depending on credentials it makes an internal request relaying headers and re-writing URLS as needed. Every single html/text or application/* request is compressed and shoved into a sqlite table so I can partially replay what they've done. Now I am shifting to the frontend and would like to capture clicks, keydown's, and submits on everything on the page.

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  • Exception error in Erlang

    - by Jim
    So I've been using Erlang for the last eight hours, and I've spent two of those banging my head against the keyboard trying to figure out the exception error my console keeps returning. I'm writing a dice program to learn erlang. I want it to be able to call from the console through the erlang interpreter. The program accepts a number of dice, and is supposed to generate a list of values. Each value is supposed to be between one and six. I won't bore you with the dozens of individual micro-changes I made to try and fix the problem (random engineering) but I'll post my code and the error. The Source: -module(dice2). -export([d6/1]). d6(1) - random:uniform(6); d6(Numdice) - Result = [], d6(Numdice, [Result]). d6(0, [Finalresult]) - {ok, [Finalresult]}; d6(Numdice, [Result]) - d6(Numdice - 1, [random:uniform(6) | Result]). When I run the program from my console like so... dice2:d6(1). ...I get a random number between one and six like expected. However when I run the same function with any number higher than one as an argument I get the following exception... **exception error: no function clause matching dice2:d6(1, [4|3]) ... I know I I don't have a function with matching arguments but I don't know how to write a function with variable arguments, and a variable number of arguments. I tried modifying the function in question like so.... d6(Numdice, [Result]) - Newresult = [random:uniform(6) | Result], d6(Numdice - 1, Newresult). ... but I got essentially the same error. Anyone know what is going on here?

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  • Selenium: Can i test if a page loaded a flash app (ie a swf) properly?

    - by Max Williams
    hi all. I'm writing some selenium tests (in rspec for a rails app). One of my pages loads a swf and while i don't want to test the functionality of this flash app i do want to test that it loaded up ok. Is this possible? In case it helps, the html to load the swf is: <OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=8,0,0,0" width="800" height="600"> <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="http://localhost:3000/assets/players/millionaire/millionaire.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE="high"> <PARAM NAME=FlashVars VALUE="quizXML=http://localhost:3000/quizzes/371.xml?online=true&myURL=http://localhost:3000/assets/players/millionaire/&online=true"> <param name=width value="800"> <param name=height value="600"> <EMBED src="http://localhost:3000/assets/players/millionaire/millionaire.swf" FlashVars="quizXML=http://localhost:3000/quizzes/371.xml?online=true&myURL=http://localhost:3000/assets/players/millionaire/&online=true" width="800" height="600" quality=high TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"> </EMBED> </OBJECT> thanks - max

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  • Using Subsonic 3.0 Advanced Templates

    - by umit
    Hi all, I've been trying to use Subsonic Advanced Templates in a project for a while but most of the time I find myself writing a Stored Procedure as I can't find a proper way of doing it in code. Subsonic created corresponding objects for my DB tables and for foreign keys it created IQueryable fields inside each object. These fields are not loaded by default and a new SQL query is executed when you access them. 1- Is there a way to get all data in one query (deep load)? Also these fields can not be assigned. So when I want to create an object in a maintenance page, I can't put all the data into this object before saving it in DB: Post post = new Post(); //get photos for this post IList<PostPhoto> postPhotos = GetPostPhotos(); post.PostPhotos = postPhotos; 2- Is it possible to have one Post object with all fields set from user input? Think of the Post object above and assume I've successfully assigned its fields. Now I need to save it to the DB. 3- Is using BatchQuery the only way to do it in one query? If I have 4 photos in PostPhotos field; 2 of them previously saved and 2 of them new, can I use the Update method to handle both the adding and updating of these photos? Any ideas or links are appreciated. Cheers...

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  • Where can a self-teacher learn general good programming habits and conventions?

    - by lucid
    A few mistakes and general childishness in early adulthood have left me in a situation where I work a menial job, with no possibility (in the near future) of attending school. I aspire to one day work in the programming field (gaming specifically), after proving myself on the indie end of things. I've gotten very confident in C++, java, and python, and I find I'm able to solve any problem I want either from previous experience, or from scouring the web for help. The solutions work, and with each attempt they become more readable, maintainable, and extensible. But this is because I'm learning from mistakes and bad programming and design habits I feel I might have avoided with actual schooling. General tips like: "if it's hard to read or getting long, or you're writing it twice, it should be in one or more functions." or "design all your classes before you start coding, so you don't have to rewrite classes later when you discover an unforeseen dependency" Is there a good book or website for learning general good programming practices and design habits? Also, naming and format conventions. I realize sometimes development houses have their own conventions, but things like "Classes in python usually have the first letter of each word capitalized". I'd like to be able to show some source code to a potential employer, and be prepared when for what's expected on a team. Is there some central database of naming and formatting conventions somewhere? Also, feel free to give any thoughts on whether or not the self-teach, garner some indie sales, use them as your resume' route is realistic

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  • Is there a way to programatically check dependencies of an EXE?

    - by Mason Wheeler
    I've got a certain project that I build and distribute to users. I have two build configurations, Debug and Release. Debug, obviously, is for my use in debugging, but there's an additional wrinkle: the Debug configuration uses a special debugging memory manager, with a dependency on an external DLL. There's been a few times when I've accidentally built and distributed an installer package with the Debug configuration, and it's then failed to run once installed because the users don't have the special DLL. I'd like to be able to keep that from happening in the future. I know I can get the dependencies in a program by running Dependency Walker, but I'm looking for a way to do it programatically. Specifically, I have a way to run scripts while creating the installer, and I want something I can put in the installer script to check the program and see if it has a dependency on this DLL, and if so, cause the installer-creation process to fail with an error. I know how to create a simple CLI program that would take two filenames as parameters, and could run a DependsOn function and create output based on the result of it, but I don't know what to put in the DependsOn function. Does anyone know how I'd go about writing it?

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  • PHP form processing - how to capture text from field that has variable Name/ID

    - by user80151
    I have a form that has a field pulled from the database as a dropdown. I need to get the text selected in the dropdown but I don't know in advance what the field ID will be. This is basically just a form that has already been generated. I don't need to pull anything from the database, it's already on this page. All I need to do is get the form information and email it, no writing to the database. I know how to do the _Request for the other fields based on the ID but I'm not sure how to do this one. The ID changes. It can be ID=1, ID-2, etc. I need to do something like: _REQUEST form element where ID is LIKE "ID[*]" or something similar. Any suggestions or links to tutorials? Here are a couple samples of what the dropdown renders on the page: <div class="wrapperAttribsOptions"> <h4 class="optionName back"><label class="attribsSelect" for="attrib- 1">Model</label></h4> <div class="back"> <select name="id[1]" id="attrib-1"> <option value="45">VC3-4C</option> <option value="1">VC3-4PG</option> <option value="3">VC3-4SG</option> <div class="wrapperAttribsOptions"> <h4 class="optionName back"><label class="attribsSelect" for="attrib-14">SPK Model</label></h4> <div class="back"> <select name="id[14]" id="attrib-14"> <option value="43">SPK-4</option> <option value="44">SPK-8</option> </select> TIA

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  • Is it possible to include a Sexpr before the expression has been evaluated in Sweave / R ?

    - by PaulHurleyuk
    Hello, I'm writing a Sweave document, and I want to include a small section that details the R and package versions, platofrms and how long ti took to evalute the doucment, however, I want to put this in the middle of the document ! I was using a \Sexpr{elapsed} to do this (which didn't work), but thought if I put the code printing elapsed in a chunk that evaluates at the end, I could then include the chunk half way through, which also fails. My document looks something like this % \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{Sweave} \geometry{left=1.25in, right=1.25in, top=1in, bottom=1in} \begin{document} <<label=start, echo=FALSE, include=FALSE>>= startt<-proc.time()[3] @ Text and Sweave Code in here % This document was created on \today, with \Sexpr{print(version$version.string)} running on a \Sexpr{print(version$platform)} platform. It took approx sec to process. <<>>= <<elapsed>> @ More text and Sweave code in here <<label=bye, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>= odbcCloseAll() endt<-proc.time()[3] elapsedtime<-as.numeric(endt-startt) @ <<label=elapsed, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>= print(elapsedtime) @ \end{document} But this doesn't seem to work (amazingly !) Does anyone know how I could do this ? Thanks Paul.

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  • forcing stack w/i 32bit when -m64 -mcmodel=small

    - by chaosless
    have C sources that must compile in 32bit and 64bit for multiple platforms. structure that takes the address of a buffer - need to fit address in a 32bit value. obviously where possible these structures will use natural sized void * or char * pointers. however for some parts an api specifies the size of these pointers as 32bit. on x86_64 linux with -m64 -mcmodel=small tboth static data and malloc()'d data fit within the 2Gb range. data on the stack, however, still starts in high memory. so given a small utility _to_32() such as: int _to_32( long l ) { int i = l & 0xffffffff; assert( i == l ); return i; } then: char *cp = malloc( 100 ); int a = _to_32( cp ); will work reliably, as would: static char buff[ 100 ]; int a = _to_32( buff ); but: char buff[ 100 ]; int a = _to_32( buff ); will fail the assert(). anyone have a solution for this without writing custom linker scripts? or any ideas how to arrange the linker section for stack data, would appear it is being put in this section in the linker script: .lbss : { *(.dynlbss) *(.lbss .lbss.* .gnu.linkonce.lb.*) *(LARGE_COMMON) } thanks!

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  • PHP Socket Server vs node.js: Web Chat

    - by Eliasdx
    I want to program a HTTP WebChat using long-held HTTP requests (Comet), ajax and websockets (depending on the browser used). Userdatabase is in mysql. Chat is written in PHP except maybe the chat stream itself which could also be written in javascript (node.js): I don't want to start a php process per user as there is no good way to send the chat messages between these php childs. So I thought about writing an own socket server in either PHP or node.js which should be able to handle more then 1000 connections (chat users). As a purely web developer (php) I'm not much familiar with sockets as I usually let web server care about connections. The chat messages won't be saved on disk nor in mysql but in RAM as an array or object for best speed. As far as I know there is no way to handle multiple connections at the same time in a single php process (socket server), however you can accept a great amount of socket connections and process them successive in a loop (read and write; incoming message - write to all socket connections). The problem is that there will most-likely be a lag with ~1000 users and mysql operations could slow the whole thing down which will then affect all users. My question is: Can node.js handle a socket server with better performance? Node.js is event-based but I'm not sure if it can process multiple events at the same time (wouldn't that need multi-threading?) or if there is just an event queue. With an event queue it would be just like php: process user after user. I could also spawn a php process per chat room (much less users) but afaik there are singlethreaded IRC servers which are also capable to handle thousands of users. (written in c++ or whatever) so maybe it's also possible in php. I would prefer PHP over Node.js because then the project would be php-only and not a mixture of programming languages. However if Node can process connections simultaneously I'd probably choose it.

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  • Visual Studio - Edit source code located in a database

    - by mfeingold
    I am building something similar to Server Explorer for Apache CouchDB. One of the things necessary is to be able to edit CouchDB view definitions which in CouchDB are JavaScript functions. How can I trick Visual Studio into using my object to retrieve and save the content of the JavaScript function but still use the rest of it - I am happy with editor itself and have no intention of writing my own Editor/Language Service, etc. The latter would be much bigger effort than what this project warrants Edit After more digging I am still stuck. Here is what I know: IVsUIShellOpenDocument interface provides a method OpenStandardEditor which can be used to open the standard Visual Studio editor. As one of the parameters this method takes a Pointer to the IUnknown interface of the document data object. This object is supposed to implement several interfaces described in many places all over the MSDN. Visual Studio SDK also provides a 'sample' implementation of the document data object VsTextBufferClass. I can create an instance of this class and when I pass the pointer to the instance to the OpenStandardEditor I can see my editor and it seems to work ok. When I try to implement my own class implementing the same interfaces (IVsTextBuffer, VsTextBuffer, IVsTextLines) OpenStandardEditor method returns success, but VS bombs out on call editor.Show() with an access violation. My suspicion is that VsTextBufferClass also implements some other interface(s) but not in C# way but rather in the good old COM way. I just do not know which one(s). Any thoughts?

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  • How do I get into a career as a programmer/development DBA?

    - by markle976
    About 8-9 years ago I started getting into programming as a hobby. I started with my TI-86 calculator, and then moved into using Visual Basic. After about a year I started playing around with HTML and JavaScript. Then I discovered Flash; I programmed with Actionscript 2.0 for about 2 years which lead me to start using Coldfusion. After a while I realized that A) I am not a designer, and B) with the way that things were going with AJAX, .NET, and PHP there wasn’t much future in Coldfusion/Actionscript. I had been working mostly as an administrative assistant, but about 3-4 years ago I got a position where I would be doing some web development, and assisting the system admin with supporting windows desktop PCs. I have gotten some decent experience over the past few years, but it has been spread out in somewhat disparate areas: I spend about 40% of my time writing PHP/MySQL and HTML/CSS, etc. I spend about 20% of my time helping users with PC questions. I spend about 20% of my time doing administrative things (mail-merges, excel, etc). I spend about 20% of my time managing / creating reports from our Access Database. I have also taught myself many things on my own, and now have a beginner’s level understanding of things like: Windows Server, Java, Linux, Objective-C, SQL Server, C#, C++, Ruby, Mac OSX, VBA, VBScript, and basic IP networks. I feel like I am in a bit of a rut – I want to get my career moving, but I am not sure what I need to do. If I practice with C# and SQL Server Express for a year will that be enough to get me in the door somewhere? Would it be easier to get a position if I teach myself Linux/Apache since I have more experience with PHP/MySQL?

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  • Insert data in an object to a database.

    - by paul
    I am facing the following design/implementation dilemma. I have a class Customer which is below with getters and setters. I would like to insert the value of the Customer into a "Customer" table of a database. But Customer has an address which is of type "Address". How do I go about inserting this field into the database?(I am using sqlite3). I thought of writing a separate table "Address(customerId,doorNo,city,state,country,pinCode)". But I am having second thoughts about generating the primary key(customerId) which should be same for both the "customer" and "Address" table. Sqlite3 faq states that I can do "Integer Primary Key" to use the field to generate an auto number. But if I do that in customer table, I would have to retrieve the same Id to be used in Address table. This kinda looks wrong to me :-?. There should be an elegant method to solve this. Any ideas would be much appreciated. Thanks in advance. import java.io.*; import java.sql.*; class Customer { private String id; private String name; private Address address; private Connection connection; private ResultSet resultSet; private PreparedStatement preparedStatement; public void insertToDatabase(){ } } class Address{ private String doorNumber; private String streetName; private String cityName; private String districtName; private String stateName; private String countryName; private long pinCode; }

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  • Excess errors on model from somewhere

    - by gmile
    I have a User model, and use an acts_as_authentic (from authlogic) on it. My User model have 3 validations on username and looks as following: User < ActiveRecord::Base acts_as_authentic validates_presence_of :username validates_length_of :username, :within => 4..40 validates_uniqueness_of :username end I'm writing a test to see my validations in action. Somehow, I get 2 errors instead of one when validating a uniqueness of a name. To see excess error, I do the following test: describe User do before(:each) do @user = Factory.build(:user) end it "should have a username longer then 3 symbols" do @user2 = Factory(:user) @user.username = @user2.username @user.save puts @user.errors.inspect end end I got 2 errors on username: @errors={"username"=>["has already been taken", "has already been taken"]}. Somehow the validation passes two times. I think authlogic causes that, but I don't have a clue on how to avoid that. Another case of problem is when I set username to nil. Somehow I get four validation errors instead of three: @errors={"username"=>["is too short (minimum is 3 characters)", "should use only letters, numbers, spaces, and .-_@ please.", "can't be blank", "is too short (minimum is 4 characters)"]} I think authlogic is one that causes this strange behaviour. But I can't even imagine on how to solve that. Any ideas?

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  • How to merge objects in php ?

    - by The Devil
    Hey everybody, I'm currently re-writing a class which handles xml files. Depending on the xml file and it's structure I sometimes need to merge objects. Lets say once I have this: <page name="a title"/> And another time I have this: <page name="a title"> <permission>administrator</permission> </page> Before, I needed only the attributes from the "page" element. That's why a lot of my code expects an object containing only the attributes ($loadedXml-attributes()). Now there are xml files in which the <permission> element is required. I did manage to merge the objects (though not as I wanted) but I can't get to access one of them (most probably it's something I'm missing). To merge my objects I used this code: (object) array_merge( (array) $loadedXml->attributes(), (array) $loadedXml->children() ); This is what I get from print_r(): stdClass Object ( [@attributes] => Array ( [name] => a title ) [permission] => Array ( [0] => administrator ) ) So now my question is how to access the @attributes method ? Thanks in advance, The Devil

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  • Keeping sync in multiplayer RTS game that uses floating point arithmetic

    - by Calmarius
    I'm writing a 2D space RTS game in C#. Single player works. Now I want to add some multiplayer functionality. I googled for it and it seems there is only one way to have thousands of units continuously moving without a powerful net connection: send only the commands through the network while running the same simulation at every player. And now there is a problem the entire engine uses doubles everywhere. And floating point calculations are depends heavily on compiler optimalizations and cpu architecture so it is very hard to keep things syncronized. And it is not grid based at all, and have a simple phisics engine to move the space-ships (space ships have impulse and angular-momentum...). So recoding the entire stuff to use fixed point would be quite cumbersome (but probably the only solution). So I have 2 options so far: Say bye to the current code and restart from scratch using integers Make the game LAN only where there is enough bandwidth to have 8 players with thousands of units and sending the positions and orientation etc in (almost) every frame... So I looking for better opinions, (or even tips on migrating the code to fixed-point without messing everything up...)

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  • Comparing two images from the clipboard class

    - by VeXe
    In a C# winform app. I'm writing a Clipboard log manager that logs test to a log file, (everytime a Ctrl+c/x is pressed the copied/cut text gets appended to the file) I also did the same for images, that is, if you press "prtScreen", the screen shot you took will also go to a folder. I do that by using a timer, inside I have something which 'looks' like this: if (Clipboard.ContainsImage()) { if (IsClipboardUpdated()) { LogData(); UpdateLastClipboardData(); } } This is how the rest of the methods look like: public void UpdateLastClipboardData() { // ... other updates LastClipboardImage = Clipboard.GetImage(); } // This is how I determine if there's a new image in the clipboard... public bool IsClipboardUpdated() { return (LastClipboardImage != Clipboard.GetImage()); } public void LogData() { Clipboard.GetImage().Save(ImagesLogFolder + "\\Image" + now_hours + "_" + now_mins + "_" + now_secs + ".jpg"); } The problem is: inside the update method, "LastClipboardImage != Clipboard.GetImage()" is always returning true! I even did the following inside the update method: Image img1 = Clipboard.GetImage(); Image img2 = Clipboard.GetImage(); Image img3 = img2; bool b1 = img1 == img2; // this returned false. WHY?? bool b2 = img3 == img2; // this returned true. Makes sense. Please help, the comparison isn't working... why?

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  • Detection of negative integers using bit operations

    - by Nawaz
    One approach to check if a given integer is negative or not, could be this: (using bit operations) int num_bits = sizeof(int) * 8; //assuming 8 bits per byte! int sign_bit = given_int & (1 << (num_bits-1)); //sign_bit is either 1 or 0 if ( sign_bit ) { cout << "given integer is negative"<<endl; } else { cout << "given integer is positive"<<endl; } The problem with this solution is that number of bits per byte couldn't be 8, it could be 9,10, 11 even 16 or 40 bits per byte. Byte doesn't necessarily mean 8 bits! Anyway, this problem can be easily fixed by writing, //CHAR_BIT is defined in limits.h int num_bits = sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT; //no assumption. It seems fine now. But is it really? Is this Standard conformant? What if the negative integer is not represented as 2's complement? What if it's representation in a binary numeration system that doesn't necessitate only negative integers to have 1 in it's most significant bit? Can we write such code that will be both portable and standard conformant? Related topics: Size of Primitive data types Why is a boolean 1 byte and not 1 bit of size?

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  • Boost Date_Time problem compiling a simple program

    - by Andry
    Hello! I'm writing a very stupid program using Boost Date_Time library. int main(int srgc, char** argv) { using namespace boost::posix_time; date d(2002,Feb,1); //an arbitrary date ptime t1(d, hours(5)+nanosec(100)); //date + time of day offset ptime t2 = t1 - minutes(4)+seconds(2); ptime now = second_clock::local_time(); //use the clock date today = now.date(); //Get the date part out of the time } Well I cannot compile it, compiler does not recognize a type... Well I used many features of Boost libs like serialization and more... I correctly built them and, looking in my /usr/local/lib folder I can see that libboost_date_time.so is there (a good sign which means I was able to build that library) When I compile I write the following: g++ -lboost_date_time main.cpp But the errors it showed me when I specify the lib are the same of those ones where I do not specify any lib. What is this? Anyone knows? The error is main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: main.cpp:9: error: ‘date’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:9: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘d’ main.cpp:10: error: ‘d’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:10: error: ‘nanosec’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:13: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘today’

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  • Counting entries in a list of dictionaries: for loop vs. list comprehension with map(itemgetter)

    - by Dennis Williamson
    In a Python program I'm writing I've compared using a for loop and increment variables versus list comprehension with map(itemgetter) and len() when counting entries in dictionaries which are in a list. It takes the same time using a each method. Am I doing something wrong or is there a better approach? Here is a greatly simplified and shortened data structure: list = [ {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'biscuits and gravy'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'peaches and cream'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'Abbott and Costello'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': True, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'over and under'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': True, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'Scotch and... well... neat, thanks'} ] Here is the for loop version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True key1 = key2 = 0 for dictionary in list: if dictionary["key1"]: key1 += 1 if dictionary["key2"]: key2 += 1 print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above: Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 Here is the other, perhaps more Pythonic, version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True from operator import itemgetter KEY1 = 0 KEY2 = 1 getentries = itemgetter("key1", "key2") entries = map(getentries, list) key1 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1]]) key2 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1] and x[KEY2]]) print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above (same as before): Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 I'm a tiny bit surprised these take the same amount of time. I wonder if there's something faster. I'm sure I'm overlooking something simple. One alternative I've considered is loading the data into a database and doing SQL queries, but the data doesn't need to persist and I'd have to profile the overhead of the data transfer, etc., and a database may not always be available. I have no control over the original form of the data. The code above is not going for style points.

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  • Syntax error beyond end of program

    - by a_m0d
    I am experimenting with writing a toy compiler in ocaml. Currently, I am trying to implement the offside rule for my lexer. However, I am having some trouble with the ocaml syntax (the compiler errors are extremely un-informative). The code below (33 lines of it) causes an error on line 34, beyond the end of the source code. I am unsure what is causing this error. open Printf let s = (Stack.create():int Stack.t); let rec check x = ( if Stack.is_empty s then Stack.push x s else if Stack.top s < x then ( Stack.push x s; printf "INDENT\n"; ) else if Stack.top s > x then ( printf "DEDENT\n"; Stack.pop s; check x; ) else printf "MATCHED\n"; ); let main () = ( check 0; check 4; check 6; check 8; check 5; ); let _ = Printexc.print main () Ocaml output: File "lexer.ml", line 34, characters 0-0: Error: Syntax error Can someone help me work out what the error is caused by and help me on my way to fixing it?

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