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  • Mean of Sampleset and powered Sampleset

    - by Milla Well
    I am working on an ICA implementation wich is based on the assumption, that all source signals are independent. So I checked on the basic concepts of Dependence vs. Correlation and tried to show this example on sample data from numpy import * from numpy.random import * k = 1000 s = 10000 mn = 0 mnPow = 0 for i in arange(1,k): a = randn(s) a = a-mean(a) mn = mn + mean(a) mnPow = mnPow + mean(a**3) print "Mean X: ", mn/k print "Mean X^3: ", mnPow/k But I couldn't produce the last step of this example E(X^3) = 0: >> Mean X: -1.11174580826e-18 >> Mean X^3: -0.00125229267144 First value I would consider to be zero, but second value is too large, isn't it? Since I subtract the mean of a, I expected the mean of a^3 to be zero as well. Does the problem lie in the random number generator, the precision of the numerical values in my misunderstanding of the concepts of mean and expected value?

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  • NZEC Run time Error Occured

    - by madan
    import math def gen_caller(a): for z in a: x,y=z if x==1: x=2 if y>=x and y-x<=100000: for i in range(x,y+1): flag=0 for j in range(2,(long(math.sqrt(i))+1)): if(i%j==0): flag=1 break if flag==0: print i print "" n=(int(raw_input())) gen_caller([[(long(raw_input())) for j in range(0,2)] for i in range(0,n) if n<=10])

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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  • Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) (i.e. Socket Layer) Streams

    - by user213060
    I have a simple problem which I'm sure someone here has done before... I want to rewrite Layer 4 TCP/IP streams (Not lower layer individual packets or frames.) Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of Layer 4 TCP/IP streams based on fixed strings or regexes. Example ettercap scripting code: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? I would like to have a configuration similar to ettercap's silent bridged sniffing configuration between two Ethernet interfaces. This way I can silently filter traffic coming from either direction with no NATing problems. Note that my filter is an application that acts as a pipe filter, similar to the design of unix command-line filters: >[eth0] <----------> [my filter] <----------> [eth1]< What I am already aware of, but are not suitable: Tun/Tap - Works at the lower packet layer, I need to work with the higher layer streams. Ettercap - I can't find any way to do replacements other than the restricted capabilities in the example above. Hooking into some VPN software? - I just can't figure out which or exactly how. libnetfilter_queue - Works with lower layer packets, not TCP/IP streams. Again, the rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Exact code will help immensely! Thanks!

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  • Google App Engine: TypeError problem with Models

    - by Rosarch
    I'm running Google App Engine on the dev server. Here is my models file: from google.appengine.ext import db import pickle import re re_dept_code = re.compile(r'[A-Z]{2,}') re_course_number = re.compile(r'[0-9]{4}') class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): sink = db.ReferenceProperty() tails = db.ListProperty() class DependencyArcTail(db.Model): courses = db.ListProperty() It gives this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3192, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3135, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 516, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2394, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2304, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2200, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "main.py", line 19, in <module> from src.Models import Course, findCourse, validateCourse, dictForJSON, clearAndBuildDependencyGraph File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1929, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1831, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1782, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "src\Models.py", line 14, in <module> class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): File "src\Models.py", line 17, in DependencyArcHead tails = db.ListProperty() TypeError: __init__() takes at least 2 arguments (1 given) What am I doing wrong?

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  • Diminishing programmer wants to get back to programming

    - by Marcus TV
    I last programmed actively in 2002. It is almost 8 years now. I learned C and then moved to Visual Basic for our thesis project in the university. I would like to ask suggestions on what programming language should I learn and put to profitability use in areas such as desktop applications, web development, and database applications.

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  • defining information out of class

    - by calccrypto
    is there a way to define a value within a class in the __init__ part, send it to some variable outside of the class without calling another function within the class? like class c: def __init__(self, a): self.a = a b = 4 # do something like this so that outside of class c, # b is set to 4 automatically when i use class c def function(self): ... # whatever. this doesnt matter i have multiple classes that have different values for b. i could just make a list that tells the computer to change b, but i would rather set b within each class

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  • Alternative pygame resources

    - by Devo
    Hi, I have been trying to access the pygame website for a few weeks now, and I can't get to it. I doubt it's down, so I have to conclude that it's blocked because I am in China. I have no idea why. Anyways, I want the pygame documentation, but all the download links I fond lead back to pygame.org (which I does not even begin loading, it's such a politically subversive website you know!). Can anyone tell me where I can get documentation and other pygame resources without going through pygame.org? I would really appreciate it, thanks. PS I am on windows XP, if it matters.

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  • SQLAlchemy autocommiting?

    - by muckabout
    I have an issue with SQLAlchemy apparently committing. A rough sketch of my code: trans = self.conn.begin() try: assert not self.conn.execute(my_obj.__table__.select(my_obj.id == id)).first() self.conn.execute(my_obj.__table__.insert().values(id=id)) assert not self.conn.execute(my_obj.__table__.select(my_obj.id == id)).first() except: trans.rollback() raise I don't commit, and the second assert always fails! In other words, it seems the data is getting inserted into the database even though the code is within a transaction! Is this assessment accurate?

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  • Django: where do I call settings.configure?

    - by RexE
    The Django docs say that I can call settings.configure instead of having a DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE. I would like my website's project to do this. In what file should I put the call to settings.configure so that my settings will get configured at the right time? Edit in response to Daniel Roseman's comment: The reason I want to do this is that settings.configure lets you pass in the settings variables as a kwargs dict, e.g. {'INSTALLED_APPS': ..., 'TEMPLATE_DIRS': ..., ...}. This would allow my app's users to specify their settings in a dict, then pass that dict to a function in my app that augments it with certain settings necessary to make my app work, e.g. adding entries to INSTALLED_APPS. What I envision looks like this. Let's call my app "rexe_app". In wsgi.py, my app's users would do: import rexe_app my_settings = {'INSTALLED_APPS': ('a','b'), ...} updated_settings = rexe_app.augment_settings(my_settings) # now updated_settings is {'INSTALLED_APPS': ('a','b','c'), 'SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST': True, ...} settings.configure(**updated_settings)

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  • How to convert list into a string?

    - by PARIJAT
    I have extracted some data from the file and want to write it in the file 2 but the program says 'sequence item 1: expected string, list found', I want to know how I can convert buffer[] i.e. string into sequence, so that it could be saved in file 2. file = open('/ddfs/user/data/k/ktrip_01/hmm.txt','r') file2 = open('/ddfs/user/data/k/ktrip_01/hmm_write.txt','w') buffer = [] rec = file.readlines() for line in rec : field = line.split() print '>',field[0] term = field[0] buffer.append(term) print field[1], field[2], field[6], field[12] term1 = field [1] buffer.append(term1) term2 = field[2] buffer.append[term2] term3 = field[6] buffer.append[term3] term4 = field[12] buffer.append[term4] file2.write(buffer) file.close() file2.close()

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  • How to disable translations during unit tests in django?

    - by Denilson Sá
    I'm using Django Internationalization tools to translate some strings from my application. The code looks like this: from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ def my_view(request): output = _("Welcome to my site.") return HttpResponse(output) Then, I'm writing unit tests using the Django test client. These tests make a request to the view and compare the returned contents. How can I disable the translations while running the unit tests? I'm aiming to do this: class FoobarTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): # Do something here to disable the string translation. But what? # I've already tried this, but it didn't work: django.utils.translation.deactivate_all() def testFoobar(self): c = Client() response = c.get("/foobar") # I want to compare to the original string without translations. self.assertEquals(response.content.strip(), "Welcome to my site.")

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  • Image upload and Manipulation in Django

    - by Saransh Mohapatra
    I am trying upload images and than create an thumbnail of it and than store both in S3. After the file has been uploaded i am first uploading it to S3 and than trying to create thumbnail but it doesn't work as than PIL is not able to recognise the image. And secondly if I create the thumbnail first than while uploading original image I get EOF. I think Django allows just once for the uploaded files to be used only once....Please kindly tell me a way to do so....Thanks in advance

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  • How to extend the Turbogears 2.1 login functionality

    - by Marc
    I'm using Turbogears 2.1 and repoze.who/what and am having trouble figuring out how to extend the basic authentication functionality. I am essentially attempting to require users to activate their account via an emailed link before they can login. If they try to login without activating their account, I want to display an appropriate error message. The default Turbogears functionality simply displays one message for all errors. I created my own authentication plugin which works fine. It won't allow users to login if they have not activated their account. However, the problem comes when I try to create the form and display custom error messages. How can I go about doing this? Thanks

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  • Custom Django tag & jQuery

    - by pocoa
    I'm new to Django. Today I created some Django custom tags which is not that hard. But now I wonder what is the best way to include some jQuery or some Javascript code packed into my custom tag definition. What is the regular way to include a custom library into my code? For example: {% faceboxify item %} So assume that it'll create a specific HTML output for Facebox plugin. I just want to learn some elegant way to import this plugin into my code. I want the above definition to be enough for all functionality. Is there any way to do it? I couldn't find any example. Maybe I'm missing something.. Thank you.

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  • Numpy array, how to select indices satisfying multiple conditions?

    - by Bob
    Suppose I have a numpy array x = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5], y = ['f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r']. I want to select the elements in y corresponding to elements in x that are greater than 1 and less than 5. I tried x = array([5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5]) y = array(['f','o','o','b','a','r']) output = y[x > 1 & x < 5] # desired output is ['o','o','b','a'] but this doesn't work. How would I do this?

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  • How do I use a string as a keyword argument?

    - by Issac Kelly
    Specifically, I'm trying to use a string to arbitrairly filter the ORM. I've tried exec and eval solutions, but I'm running into walls. The code below doesn't work, but it's the best way I know how to explain where I'm trying to go from gblocks.models import Image f = 'image__endswith="jpg"' # Would be scripted in another area, but passed as text <user input> d = Image.objects.filter(f) #for the non-django pythonistas: d = Image.objects.filter(image__endswith="jpg") # would be the non-dynamic equivalent.

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • Suggestions for a django db structure

    - by rh0dium
    Hi Say I have the unknown number of questions. For example: Is the sky blue [y/n] What date were your born on [date] What is pi [3.14] What is a large integ [100] Now each of these questions poses a different but very type specific answer (boolean, date, float, int). Natively django can happily deal with these in a model. class SkyModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("Is the sky blue") answer = models.BooleanField(default=False) class BirthModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("What date were your born on") answer = models.DateTimeField(default=today) class PiModel(models.Model) question = models.CharField("What is pi") answer = models.FloatField() But this has the obvious problem in that each question has a specific model - so if we need to add a question later I have to change the database. Yuck. So now I want to get fancy - How do a set up a model where by the answer type conversion happens automagically? ANSWER_TYPES = ( ('boolean', 'boolean'), ('date', 'date'), ('float', 'float'), ('int', 'int'), ('char', 'char'), ) class Questions(models.model): question = models.CharField(() answer = models.CharField() answer_type = models.CharField(choices = ANSWER_TYPES) default = models.CharField() So in theory this would do the following: When I build up my views I look at the type of answer and ensure that I only put in that value. But when I want to pull that answer back out it will return the data in the format specified by the answer_type. Example 3.14 comes back out as a float not as a str. How can I perform this sort of automagic transformation? Or can someone suggest a better way to do this? Thanks much!!

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