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  • How to achieve interaction between GUI class with logic class

    - by volting
    Im new to GUI programming, and haven't done much OOP. Im working on a basic calculator app to help me learn GUI design and to brush up on OOP. I understand that anything GUI related should be kept seperate from the logic, but Im unsure how to implement interaction between logic an GUI classes when needed i.e. basically passing variables back and forth... Im using TKinter and when I pass a tkinter variable to my logic it only seems to hold the string PY_VAR0. def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) Im sure that im probably doing something fundamentally wrong and probabaly really stupid, I spent a considerable amount of time experimenting (and searching for answers online) but Im getting no where. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks, V The Full Program (well just enough to show the structure..) import Tkinter class Gui(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.grid() self.create_widgets() """ grid config """ #self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1,pad=0) self.resizable(False, False) def create_widgets(self): """row 0 of grid""" """Create Text Entry Box""" self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,width=30,textvariable=self.entryVariable) self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 3 ) self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_press_enter) """create equal button""" equal_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="=",width=4,command=self.on_equal_btn_click) equal_btn.grid(column=3, row=0) """row 1 of grid""" """create number 1 button""" number1_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="1",width=8,command=self.on_number1_btn_click) number1_btn.grid(column=0, row=1) . . . def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) class Calc(): def __init__(self, equation): self.equation = equation def calculate(self): #TODO: parse string and calculate... return self.equation if __name__ == "__main__": app = Gui(None) app.title('Calculator') app.mainloop()

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  • How can this code be made more Pythonic?

    - by usethedeathstar
    This next part of code does exactly what I want it to do. dem_rows and dem_cols contain float values for a number of things i can identify in an image, but i need to get the nearest pixel for each of them, and than to make sure I only get the unique points, and no duplicates. The problem is that this code is ugly and as far as I get it, as unpythonic as it gets. If there would be a pure-numpy-solution (without for-loops) that would be even better. # next part is to make sure that we get the rounding done correctly, and than to get the integer part out of it # without the annoying floatingpoint-error, and without duplicates fielddic={} for i in range(len(dem_rows)): # here comes the ugly part: abusing the fact that i overwrite dictionary keys if I get duplicates fielddic[int(round(dem_rows[i]) + 0.1), int(round(dem_cols[i]) + 0.1)] = None # also very ugly: to make two arrays of integers out of the first and second part of the keys field_rows = numpy.zeros((len(fielddic.keys())), int) field_cols = numpy.zeros((len(fielddic.keys())), int) for i, (r, c) in enumerate(fielddic.keys()): field_rows[i] = r field_cols[i] = c

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • Django: What's the correct way to get the requesting IP address?

    - by swisstony
    I'm trying to develop an app using Django 1.1 on Webfaction. I'd like to get the IP address of the incoming request, but when I use request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] it returns 127.0.0.1. There seems to be a number of different ways of getting the address, such as using HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR or plugging in some middleware called SetRemoteAddrFromForwardedFor. Just wondering what the best approach was?

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Serving large generated files using Google App Engine?

    - by John Carter
    Hiya, Presently I have a GAE app that does some offline processing (backs up a user's data), and generates a file that's somewhere in the neighbourhood of 10 - 100 MB. I'm not sure of the best way to serve this file to the user. The two options I'm considering are: Adding some code to the offline processing code that 'spoofs' it as a form upload to the blob store, and going thru the normal blobstore process to serve the file. Having the offline processing code store the file somewhere off of GAE, and serving it from there. Is there a much better approach I'm overlooking? I'm guessing this is functionality that isn't well suited to GAE. I had thought of storing in the datastore as db.Text or Dd.Blob but there I encounter the 1 MB limit. Any input would be appreciated,

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  • What is an efficient way to erase substrings?

    - by Legend
    I have a long string and a set of <end-index, string> list like the following: long_sentence = "This is a long long long long sentence" indices = [[6, "is"], [8, "is a"], [18, "long"], [23, "long"]] An element 6, "is" indicates that 6 is the end index of the word "is" in the string. I want to get the following string in the end: >> print long_sentence This .... long ......... long sentence" I tried an approach like this: temp = long_sentence for i in indices: temp = temp[:int(i[0]) - len(i[1])] + '.'*(len(i[1])+1) + temp[i[0]+1:] While this seems to be working, it is taking exceptionally long time (more than 6 hours on 5000 strings inside a 300 MB file). Is there a way to speed this up?

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  • How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

    - by siebert
    Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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  • error in fetching url data

    - by Rahul s
    from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.api import urlfetch class TrakHtml(db.Model): hawb = db.StringProperty(required=False) htmlData = db.TextProperty() class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): Traks = list() Traks.append('93332134') #Traks.append('91779831') #Traks.append('92782244') #Traks.append('38476214') for st in Traks : trak = TrakHtml() trak.hawb = st url = 'http://etracking.cevalogistics.com/eTrackResultsMulti.aspx?sv='+st result = urlfetch.fetch(url) self.response.out.write(result.read()) trak.htmlData = result.read() trak.put() result.read() is not giving whole file , it giving some portion. trak.htmlData is a textproparty() so it have to store whole file and i want that only

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  • Load image from string

    - by zaf
    Given a string containing jpeg image data, is it possible to load this directly in pygame? I've tried using StringIO but failed and I don't completely understand the 'file-like' object concept. Currently, as a workaround, I'm saving to disk and then loading an image the standard way: # imagestring contains a jpeg f=open('test.jpg','wb') f.write(imagestring) f.close() image=pygame.image.load('test.jpg') Any suggestions on improving this so that we avoid creating a temp file?

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  • Django: Extending User Model - Inline User fields in UserProfile

    - by Jack Sparrow
    Is there a way to display User fields under a form that adds/edits a UserProfile model? I am extending default Django User model like this: class UserProfile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, unique=True) about = models.TextField(blank=True) I know that it is possible to make a: class UserProfileInlineAdmin(admin.TabularInline): and then inline this in User ModelAdmin but I want to achieve the opposite effect, something like inverse inlining, displaying the fields of the model pointed by the OneToOne Relationship (User) in the page of the model defining the relationship (UserProfile). I don't care if it would be in the admin or in a custom view/template. I just need to know how to achieve this. I've been struggling with ModelForms and Formsets, I know the answer is somewhere there, but my little experience in Django doesn't allow me to come up with the solution yet. A little example would be really helpful!

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  • manyToManyField question

    - by dotty
    Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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  • Interesting task using random numbers only

    - by psihodelia
    Given any number of the random real numbers from the interval [0,1] is there exist any method to construct a floating point number with zero decimal part? Your algorithm can use only random() function calls and no variables or constants. No constants and variables are allowed, no type casting is allowed. You can use for/while, if/else or any other programming language operands.

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  • What is the difference between type.__getattribute__ and object.__getattribute__?

    - by Neil G
    Given: In [37]: class A: ....: f = 1 ....: In [38]: class B(A): ....: pass ....: In [39]: getattr(B, 'f') Out[39]: 1 Okay, that either calls super or crawls the mro? In [40]: getattr(A, 'f') Out[40]: 1 This is expected. In [41]: object.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[41]: 1 In [42]: object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-42-de76df798d1d> in <module>() ----> 1 object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') AttributeError: 'type' object has no attribute 'f' What is getattribute not doing that getattr does? In [43]: type.__getattribute__(B, 'f') Out[43]: 1 What?! type.__getattribute__ calls super but object's version doesn't? In [44]: type.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[44]: 1

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  • problem on strings, tuple strings

    - by suresh
    Write a function, called constrainedMatchPair which takes three arguments: a tuple representing starting points for the first substring, a tuple representing starting points for the second substring, and the length of the first substring. The function should return a tuple of all members (call it n) of the first tuple for which there is an element in the second tuple (call it k) such that n+m+1 = k, where m is the length of the first substring. Complete the definition def constrainedMatchPair(firstMatch,secondMatch,length):

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  • better way of handling nested list

    - by laspal
    Hi, I have list my_list = [ [1,2,3,4,5,6], [1,3,4],[34,56,56,56]] for item in my_list: var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6 = None if len(item) ==1: var1 = item[0] if len(item) == 2: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] if len(item) == 3: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] var3 = item[2] if len(item) == 4: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] var3 = item[2] var4 = item[3] fun(var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6) I have a function def fun(var1, var2 = None, var3 = None, var4 = None, var5=None, var6= None) Depending upon the values in my inner list. I am passing it to function. I hope I made it clear. Thanks

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  • gae error:AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member'

    - by zjm1126
    class Thread(db.Model): members = db.StringListProperty() def user_is_member(self, user): return str(user) in self.members and thread = Thread.get(db.Key.from_path('Thread', int(id))) is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) but the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\util.py", line 62, in check_login handler_method(self, *args) File "D:\zjm_code\forum_blog_gae\main.py", line 222, in get is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member' why ? thanks

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  • What is the difference between .get() and .fetch(1)

    - by AutomatedTester
    I have written an app and part of it is uses a URL parser to get certain data in a ReST type manner. So if you put /foo/bar as the path it will find all the bar items and if you put /foo it will return all items below foo So my app has a query like data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).get() Which works brilliantly. Now I want to send this to the UI using templates {% for datum in data %} <div class="content"> <h2>{{ datum.title }}</h2> {{ datum.content }} </div> {% endfor %} When I do this I get data is not iterable error. So I updated the Django to {% for datum in data.all %} which now appears to pull more data than I was giving it somehow. It shows all data in the datastore which is not ideal. So I removed the .all from the Django and changed the datastore query to data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).fetch(1) which now works as I intended. In the documentation it says The db.get() function fetches an entity from the datastore for a Key (or list of Keys). So my question is why can I iterate over a query when it returns with fetch() but can't with get(). Where has my understanding gone wrong?

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  • Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) (i.e. Socket Layer) Streams

    - by user213060
    I have a simple problem which I'm sure someone here has done before... I want to rewrite Layer 4 TCP/IP streams (Not lower layer individual packets or frames.) Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of Layer 4 TCP/IP streams based on fixed strings or regexes. Example ettercap scripting code: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? I would like to have a configuration similar to ettercap's silent bridged sniffing configuration between two Ethernet interfaces. This way I can silently filter traffic coming from either direction with no NATing problems. Note that my filter is an application that acts as a pipe filter, similar to the design of unix command-line filters: >[eth0] <----------> [my filter] <----------> [eth1]< What I am already aware of, but are not suitable: Tun/Tap - Works at the lower packet layer, I need to work with the higher layer streams. Ettercap - I can't find any way to do replacements other than the restricted capabilities in the example above. Hooking into some VPN software? - I just can't figure out which or exactly how. libnetfilter_queue - Works with lower layer packets, not TCP/IP streams. Again, the rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Exact code will help immensely! Thanks!

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  • How do I specify a null relation in SQLAlchemy?

    - by Jesse
    Not sure what the correct title for this question should be. I have the following schema: Matters have a one-many relationship to WorkItems. WorkItems have a one-one (or one-zero) relationship to LineItems. I am trying to create the following relation between Matters and WorkItems Matter.unbilled_work_items = orm.relation(WorkItem, primaryjoin = (Matter.id == WorkItem.matter_id) and (WorkItem.line_item_id == None), foreign_keys = [WorkItem.matter_id, WorkItem.line_item_id], viewonly=True ) This throws: AttributeError: '_Null' object has no attribute 'table' That seems to be saying that the second clause in the primaryjoin returns an object of type _Null, but it seems to be expecting something with a "table" attribute. This seems like it should be pretty straightforward to me, am I missing something obvious?

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  • How do I use a string as a keyword argument?

    - by Issac Kelly
    Specifically, I'm trying to use a string to arbitrairly filter the ORM. I've tried exec and eval solutions, but I'm running into walls. The code below doesn't work, but it's the best way I know how to explain where I'm trying to go from gblocks.models import Image f = 'image__endswith="jpg"' # Would be scripted in another area, but passed as text <user input> d = Image.objects.filter(f) #for the non-django pythonistas: d = Image.objects.filter(image__endswith="jpg") # would be the non-dynamic equivalent.

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  • standard geographic tilizing/binning method?

    - by monkut
    I'm trying to learn and understand more about mapping and displaying values on a map. (GIS) At the moment I'M looking to take some values and apply those values to a tile or bin on a map. Ideally I'd like the tile sizes to be uniform, like 100 meters, 500 meters, etc. Is there a standard method for creating uniform tile sizes? Or Are what are common accepted method to deal with this kind of data display? (Currently I'm using geodjango and it's related toolset geos, proj4, etc)

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