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• How to export SQL Server data from corrupted database (with disk write error)

  - by damitamit

  IT realised there was a disk write error on our production SQL Server 2005 and hence was causing the backups to fail. By the time they had realised this the nightly backup was old, so were not able to just restore the backup on another server. The database is still running and being used constantly. However DBCC CheckDB fails. Also the SQL Server backup task fails, Copy Database fails, Export Data Wizard fails. However it seems all the data can be read from the tables (i.e using bcp etc) Another observation I have made is that the Transaction Log is nearly double the size of the Database. (Does that mean all the changes arent being written to the MDF?) What would be the best plan of attack to get the database to a state where backups are working and the data is safe? Take the database offline and use the MDF/LDF to somehow create the database on another sql server? Export the data from the database using bcp. Create the database (use the Generate Scripts function on the corrupt db to create the schema on the new db) on another sql server and use bcp again to import the data. Some other option that is the right course of action in this situation? The IT manager says the data is safe as if the server fails, the data can be restored from the mdf/ldf. I'm not sure so insisted that we start exporting the data each night as a failsafe (using bcp for example). IT are also having issues on the hardware side of things as supposedly the disk error in on a virtualized disk and can't be rebuilt like a normal raid array (or something like that). Please excuse my use of incorrect terminology and incorrect assumptions on how Sql Server operates. I'm the application developer and have been called to help (as it seems IT know less about SQL Server than I do). Many Thanks, Amit Results of DBBC CheckDB: Msg 1823, Level 16, State 2, Line 1 A database snapshot cannot be created because it failed to start. Msg 7928, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The database snapshot for online checks could not be created. Either the reason is given in a previous error or one of the underlying volumes does not support sparse files or alternate streams. Attempting to get exclusive access to run checks offline. Msg 5030, Level 16, State 12, Line 1 The database could not be exclusively locked to perform the operation. Msg 7926, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Check statement aborted. The database could not be checked as a database snapshot could not be created and the database or table could not be locked. See Books Online for details of when this behavior is expected and what workarounds exist. Also see previous errors for more details. Msg 823, Level 24, State 3, Line 1 The operating system returned error 1(error not found) to SQL Server during a write at offset 0x00000674706000 in file 'G:\AX40_Dynamics_Live.mdf'. Additional messages in the SQL Server error log and system event log may provide more detail. This is a severe system-level error condition that threatens database integrity and must be corrected immediately. Complete a full database consistency check (DBCC CHECKDB). This error can be caused by many factors; for more information, see SQL Server Books Online.

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• Best available technology for layered disk cache in linux

  - by SpliFF

  I've just bought a 6-core Phenom with 16G of RAM. I use it primarily for compiling and video encoding (and occassional web/db). I'm finding all activities get disk-bound and I just can't keep all 6 cores fed. I'm buying an SSD raid to sit between the HDD and tmpfs. I want to setup a "layered" filesystem where reads are cached on tmpfs but writes safely go through to the SSD. I want files (or blocks) that haven't been read lately on the SSD to then be written back to a HDD using a compressed FS or block layer. So basically reads: - Check tmpfs - Check SSD - Check HD And writes: - Straight to SSD (for safety), then tmpfs (for speed) And periodically, or when space gets low: - Move least frequently accessed files down one layer. I've seen a few projects of interest. CacheFS, cachefsd, bcache seem pretty close but I'm having trouble determining which are practical. bcache seems a little risky (early adoption), cachefs seems tied to specific network filesystems. There are "union" projects unionfs and aufs that let you mount filesystems over each other (USB device over a DVD usually) but both are distributed as a patch and I get the impression this sort of "transparent" mounting was going to become a kernel feature rather than a FS. I know the kernel has a built-in disk cache but it doesn't seem to work well with compiling. I see a 20x speed improvement when I move my source files to tmpfs. I think it's because the standard buffers are dedicated to a specific process and compiling creates and destroys thousands of processes during a build (just guessing there). It looks like I really want those files precached. I've read tmpfs can use virtual memory. In that case is it practical to create a giant tmpfs with swap on the SSD? I don't need to boot off the resulting layered filesystem. I can load grub, kernel and initrd from elsewhere if needed. So that's the background. The question has several components I guess: Recommended FS and/or block layer for the SSD and compressed HDD. Recommended mkfs parameters (block size, options etc...) Recommended cache/mount technology to bind the layers transparently Required mount parameters Required kernel options / patches, etc..

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• Check for hard disk errors / signs of failure on CentOS Server

  - by inac

  What's the best way to check for HDD errors and early signs of failure on CentOS?

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• Check SSD stability before returning it as broken?

  - by data_jepp

  I have the Transcend SSD 720 256GB 2,5" 7mm disk. And randomly I get disk IO in utorrent and large files copying to external will fail. I have removed it from my laptop since I need max stability. I use my laptop on exams. How can I really bench/make-it-sweat whilst connected to my desktop? I want to re-create some of the fails as I need proof if I am to return it. Firmware is updated. BIOS on laptop is updated. I could just completely nul the disk and then check for bad sectors, but is there anything else I could use for testing? Edit: It has 7 bad sector replacement operations. What does it mean?

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• Still about SSD potentials...write and read speed

  - by Macroideal

  HI Gurus, I have been working on SSD(solid state disk) for several months..Problems and Questions hit my head unexpectedly..Coz i am a virgin in ssd... Esp these days i was testing the write-read speed of ssd, which I was always caring.... however result turned out not good as I expected, or even worse Three kinds of read-write were implemented in my test 1. read and write directly from and into ssd, with openning ssd as a whole device. in windows: _open("\\:g", ***).. It can be very tricky and hairy that you'd write a data with size of folds of 512, at the disk position of folds of 512bytes... So, If you wanto write just a byte or 4 bytes, you'v to write at least a whole sector one time. 2. Read and write data from and into files located in SSD... 3. Read and Write data from and into files in mechanical Disk I compared the pratices below...I found ssd sucks...the ssd performs worse than mechanical disk... so i am wondering where i can get the potential performance of ssd, since ssd is said to a substitute for mechanical disk in the future.. Nevertheless, I test ssd with a pro-hard-disk tools..ssd is like twice speedier than mechanical disk. So, why? Thanx very much...If you know tips of ssd...follow me

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• Filesystems for webserver with SATA and Solid State disk,

  - by Jorisslob

  We have just ordered a new webserver with 120 Gb solid state disk and a SATA disk. I am trying to plan ahead what sort of filesystem to use. This system will be running Linux, Apache/Tomcat to host java services. The main service is a system where people can upload reasonably large files (in the order of 100 Mb, images, image stacks and video), which people will be able to annotate and which will be sent to a database server when annotation is complete. Thus far, I plan to put most of the utility programs of the operating system om the SSD and put the large media files there. The SATA disks will hold the less volitile data like apache, tomcat and the servlets. For filesystems I have considered going for the stable EXT3 because I hear that it is best supported. The downside seems to be that it not the ideal choice for large files. That is why I am leaning towards using XFS for the SSD and EXT3 for the SATA. My questions are: 1) Does this sound like a reasonable setup? 2) What filesystems would you recommend for the SSD and for the SATA? Thanks

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• Please insert a disk into SD/MMC - Vista problem [closed]

  - by Naunidh

  Possible Duplicate: Please insert a disk into SD/MMC - Vista problem Hi I tried pushing my 2GB micro SD card using the inbuilt card reader. On clicking the drive I get "Please insert a disk into SD/MMC". This problem is really frustrating. The card works fine on other computers so does the microSD to SD attachment. I have done following o fix. - Updated Vista and installed SP1. - Updated the TI drivers for FlashDrive. - Checked Vaio site for updates (none required). - Added a new entry HKLM\SYSTEM\ControlS* et001\Services\tifm21\Parameters/SDParam=1 took the hint from (http://tinyurl.com/nk33tp) I have restarted the PC multiple times. As soon as I put the card in, the SD/MMC device icon blips, so it seems the hardware is at least detecting something. The card reader was working fine few days back. I guess some windows update has broken something, does any one have any idea on how to proceed. MY laptop is VGN-N365E.

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• Kerberos service on win2k dc will not start following disk failure

  - by iwilson68

  Hi, I have a win2k (mixed mode domain) with 4 DCS. One of these also acts an exchange 2000 server which uses 2 logical volumes from an MSA 2000 array. AD etc is stored on local drives. We experienced a problem last week when the raid array fell back to a redundant controller and this temporarily meant that the two logical drives were not visible to the server for around 5 minutes and a couple of reboots. The log records these Events as Type: Warning Event Source: Disk Event Category: None Event ID: 51 Date: 06/11/2009 Time: 11:46:23 User: N/A Computer: server1 Description: An error was detected on device \Device\Harddisk1\DR1 during a paging operation. Following these problems, the server “kerberos Key Distribution” service refuses to start with an “error.31 a device attached to the system is not functioning”. All other automatic start services (including net logon) are running and there are no DNS issues etc. All devices are also functioning but the two logical MSA disks are now numbered in the Windows Disk Management MMC as 2 and 4 and I suspect that they may have previously been identified as disks 1 & 2 and perhaps windows still sees this as an ongoing failure?? Replication has not been affected but obviously there are many audit failures in the security log relating to users and workstations presumably linked to the Kerberos issue. Attempting to manually start the kerberos service generates the following in the System Log. Event Type: Error Event Source: Service Control Manager Event Category: None Event ID: 7023 Date: 09/11/2009 Time: 09:46:55 User: N/A Computer: Server1 Description: The Kerberos Key Distribution Center service terminated with the following error: A device attached to the system is not functioning. DCDIAG passes all tests except “Advertising” and “Services” which I believe relate directly to the failure of Kerberos only. Any advice would be appreciated.

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• How to transfer Windows Vista disk image to new machine

  - by Mike Hobbs

  I'm trying to upgrade a user's machine to some better hardware. I know of Easy Transfer, but I'd rather not have to reinstall all the programs that are already present. (Some of which are no longer available, anyway). Instead, I'm trying to transfer the entire disk image from one machine to the other, but I ran into issues. If I copy the partition image over to the new machine using Clonezilla, I get errors on boot saying that I need to insert the Vista install disk and run repair. I do that, but it then says that it is unable to repair whatever it is that's broken. Next, I tried to sysprep the old machine before creating the image, but sysprep fails saying that it encountered some sort of system error. Should it be possible to sysprep any arbitrary machine, or does it only work on a relatively clean install? Could it be a missing driver that is tripping me up? The new machine is a fairly stock desktop that shouldn't need any special drivers beyond what's already present in standard Vista. Are there any foolproof methods for doing this sort of thing?

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• Disk IO slow on ESXi, even slower on a VM (freeNAS + iSCSI)

  - by varesa

  I have a server with ESXi 5 and iSCSI attached network storage(4x1Tb Raid-Z on freenas 8.0.4). Those two machines are connected to each other with Gigabit ethernet. The raid-z volume is divided into three parts: two zvols, shared with iscsi, and one directly on top of zfs, shared with nfs and similar. I ssh'd into the freeNAS box, and did some testing on the disks. I used ddto test the third part of the disks (straight on top of ZFS). I copied a 4GB (2x the amount of RAM) block from /dev/zero to the disk, and the speed was 80MB/s. Other of the iSCSI shared zvols is a datastore for the ESXi. I did similar test with time dd .. there. Since the dd there did not give the speed, I divided the amount of data transfered by the time show by time. The result was around 30-40 MB/s. Thats about half of the speed from the freeNAS host! Then I tested the IO on a VM running on the same ESXi host. The VM was a light CentOS 6.0 machine, which was not really doing anything else at that time. There were no other VMs running on the server at the time, and the other two "parts" of the disk array were not used. A similar dd test gave me result of about 15-20 MB/s. That is again about half of the result on a lower level! Of course the is some overhead in raid-z - zfs - zvolume - iSCSI - VMFS - VM, but I don't expect it to be that big. I belive there must be something wrong in my system. I have heard about bad performance of freeNAS's iSCSI, is that it? I have not managed to get any other "big" SAN OS to run on the box (NexentaSTOR, openfiler). Can you see any obvious problems with my setup?

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• How harmful is a hard disk spin cycle?

  - by Gilles

  It is conventional wisdom¹ that each time you spin a hard disk down and back up, you shave some time off its life expectancy. The topic has been discussed before: Is turning off hard disks harmful? What's the effect of standby (spindown) mode on modern hard drives? Common explanations for why spindowns and spinups are harmful are that they induce more stress on the mechanical parts than ordinary running, and that they cause heat variations that are harmful to the device mechanics. Is there any data showing quantitatively how bad a spin cycle is? That is, how much life expectancy does a spin cycle cost? Or, more practically, if I know that I'm not going to need a disk for X seconds, how large should X be to warrant spinning down? ¹ But conventional wisdom has been wrong before; for example, it is commonly held that hard disks should be kept as cool as possible, but the one published study on the topic shows that cooler drives actually fail more. This study is no help here since all the disks surveyed were powered on 24/7.

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• sql 2008 disk layout on a budget this is for database mirroring

  - by user22215

  Guys I'm rolling out a SQL database server that will be used to back Sharepoint 2007. Right now I need some advice on my disk layout. I have two Dell servers that are configured a little differently in terms of storage. The principle server will be using a combination of local storage and san storage. I have to work with what I have the organization is currently all allocated on san storage it was like pulling teeth to even get what I have to work with now. My disk setup on the principle is as follows: raid 1 for OS raid 10 for logs raid 10 fiber on san for high IO databases raid 10 sata on san for content databases My question in regards to the principle server is where should I place the temp db? I thought about placing it on the fiber raid 10 which will be hosting my high IO Sharepoint SSP databases my only other choice is to move it to the raid 1 os partition which I’m sure you guys will be against. Now let’s talk about the mirror server it is not connected to the san it is all local 6 15k SAS drives. Now my question is the same do I put tempdb on the os partition or do I leave the os partition and use a single raid 10 for everything? Any help you can provide is much appreciated.

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• How harmful is a hard disk spin cycle?

  - by Gilles

  It is conventional wisdom¹ that each time you spin a hard disk down and back up, you shave some time off its life expectancy. The topic has been discussed before: Is turning off hard disks harmful? What's the effect of standby (spindown) mode on modern hard drives? Common explanations for why spindowns and spinups are harmful are that they induce more stress on the mechanical parts than ordinary running, and that they cause heat variations that are harmful to the device mechanics. Is there any data showing quantitatively how bad a spin cycle is? That is, how much life expectancy does a spin cycle cost? Or, more practically, if I know that I'm not going to need a disk for X seconds, how large should X be to warrant spinning down? ¹ But conventional wisdom has been wrong before; for example, it is commonly held that hard disks should be kept as cool as possible, but the one published study on the topic shows that cooler drives actually fail more. This study is no help here since all the disks surveyed were powered on 24/7.

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• Ubuntu hard disk getting SATA errors

  - by Henadzy

  I am getting "UNC" errors on a hard disk on Ubuntu 9.10. It slows down my system, applications have not been responding for a long time. But when I mount the filesystem on another computer, it works properly. disk: SAMSUNG HD161HJ (SATA) syslog: Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773839] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x1e SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773845] ata3.00: Ata error. fis:0x21 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773861] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:08:3f:00:ad/00:00:10:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 4096 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773864] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773871] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773877] ata3.00: error: { UNC } [...snip 3 similar repeats of last 4 lines; see revision history for full log...] Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773970] ata3: hard resetting link Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773974] ata3: nv: skipping hardreset on occupied port Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.240073] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256277] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256305] ata3: EH complete Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176088] ata3: EH in SWNCQ mode,QC:qc_active 0xF sactive 0xF Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176099] ata3: SWNCQ:qc_active 0xF defer_bits 0x0 last_issue_tag 0x3 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176102] dhfis 0xF dmafis 0x1 sdbfis 0x0 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176109] ata3: ATA_REG 0x51 ERR_REG 0x40 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176113] ata3: tag : dhfis dmafis sdbfis sacitve Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176120] ata3: tag 0x0: 1 1 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176126] ata3: tag 0x1: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176131] ata3: tag 0x2: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176136] ata3: tag 0x3: 1 0 0 1

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• MySQL getting stuck, eating up disk i/o

  - by bonez05

  Hi all, Using mySQL 5.0.51 on Solaris . At intermittent times it looks like MySQL is getting 'stuck' . The disk usage on the server spikes to 98% busy from reads. I used dtrace (specifically DTrace toolkit - iosnoop) to track down what processes was using all the reads. Mysql was calling tablename.TDM hundreds of times per second. There was no more than average load on the webserver that could account for this. There were no cronjobs running, and no other utilities like mysqldump or anything. It is a master / slave replication setup. As a jury-rigged fix, I altered the mysql table from 'tablename' to 'tablename2' and then back to 'tablename' This fixed the problem temporarily, and "unsticks" mysql. The disk usage goes back down and dtrace is no longer showing hundreds of reads to 'tablename.TDM' / second. A couple ideas I had are: 1. MySQL version bug 2. Infinite loop somewhere in my application (which i'm not sure how likely this is) 3. ?? Has anybody seen this before or have any insight? Thanks

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• Not able to access external Hard disk

  - by Jash Jacob

  I have a 1TB External Hard drive which I'm currently not able to access. When I open the External drive in Finder, It shows it's empty. When I use the option to "Get Info", I get the dialog box stating it has about 300GB Free. Tried to get into the External Drive using Terminal, I had no luck. Checking in Disk Utility, It showed that I have many number of files but ZERO folder. I tried to "repair disk", in the process the external Drive got unmounted in between the process. I checked this drive on Windows. I was able to open almost all the folders but I wasn't able to copy anything onto the external drive. One folder caused my windows computer to hang, So i connected the drive back onto my MacBook Pro and tried to access the drive through terminal (this time it worked!) and then I tried to delete the folder with rm command, I got an "input/output error" What should i do to recover the files in that folder? How can i access my external drive on my mac

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• grub2 error : out of disk

  - by Nostradamnit

  Hi everyone, I recently install ArchBang on a machine with Ubuntu and XP. I ran update-grub from Ubuntu and it found the new install and created an entry. However, when I try to boot it, I get: error: out of disk error: you need to load kernel first I've tried several things, including adding a new entry in 40_custom, but nothing changes. Here are the entries I have: default found by update-grub ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "ArchBang Linux (on /dev/sda4)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 75f96b44-3a8f-4727-9959-d669b9244f2a linux /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda4 rootfstype=ext4 ro xorg=vesa quiet nomodeset swapon initrd /boot/kernel26.img } menuentry "ArchBang Linux Fallback (on /dev/sda4)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 75f96b44-3a8f-4727-9959-d669b9244f2a linux /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda4 rootfstype=ext4 ro xorg=vesa quiet nomodeset swapon initrd /boot/kernel26-fallback.img } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### custom entry in 40_custom based on various ideas found on the internets menuentry "ArchBang Linux (on /dev/sda4)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 75f96b44-3a8f-4727-9959-d669b9244f2a linux /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/75f96b44-3a8f-4727-9959-d669b9244f2a rootfstype=ext4 ro xorg=vesa quiet nomodeset swapon initrd /boot/kernel26.img } I think the problem has something to do with the sda4 not being mounted at boot-time... Thanks in advance for you help, Sam

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• Recovery disk Windows 8 HP Pavilion g6

  - by fpghost

  I recently purchased a HP Pavilion g6 laptop running Windows 8. I want to either obtain the Windows 8 ISO or make some kind of recovery disk that would allow me to restore the system if things go wrong. The HP Pavilion comes with the 'HP Recovery Manager' which I thought may do the job, but on running it and putting in a DVD-R as requested it seems to just hang for a number of hours without doing a thing (the disk sounds like it's spinning for a few minutes but then goes silent). I then tried 'recdisc.exe' but I get the error System Repair could not be created The device reported unexpected or invalid data for a command. (0xC0AA02FF) Next I obtained my Windows 8 product key using the software ProduKey thinking this would allow me to go to the Microsoft website and download the Windows 8 ISO, but as far as I can tell all that is available is the upgrade which can be used if one is running something like Windows 7. Can anyone advise? EDIT: after a reboot recdisc.exe did work; I think the problem was due to some Windows updates needing a reboot, but never the less I would like a full Windows 8 ISO if possible.

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• p410i Mirror failed couldnt find same disk

  - by Heishiro Mitsurugi

  I have an HP server with an P410i RAID Card installed. I had two SATA Drives connected (250GB each). The RAID was configured as a Mirror. A few days ago the drive one (1) failed, and i had to remove it. Tried to find the same part number here in Venezuela, but i couldn't. So, i bought a 500GB SATA Drive, and connected it to the same bay where the 250GB failed drive was. When the server booted, it asked me if i wanted to rebuild the data. I selected the option for that, and Windows Server restarted properly. When i got into the ACU (Array Configuration Utility) it told me that it was rebuilding the data. Today the warning went away, and according to the ACU everything is just fine. My question is... What i did was right? Can i create a mirror from a 250GB disk in a 500GB disk using the p410i? I have done that before, but only using software RAID in Windows, and it just uses the space it needs. As a matter of fact, when did that using Windows i was able to use the remaining space in the bigger drive, but in the p410i i can't use it. Should i be worried? Thanks a lot in advance for any pointers or info that you could give on this. Heishiro

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• Performance of external USB disk with ESXi5

  - by PeterMmm

  I have a new HP DL120 G7 server with ESXi5. One VM is a Win2003 instalation and I have an external USB2.0 drive attached by USB Controller and USB Device. I copy a 4GB file from external USB to server disk. In the VM that takes up to 10 minutes. On a native Win2003 that takes aprox. 3 minutes. I have no explaination for that diference: In any case the bottleneck is the USB connection, much slower than the disks (SAS, RAID1). If the USB connection on the VM would be USB1.1 and not USB2.0 it would take much more time. (The disk performance between server partitions on the VM is correct. - see update) Could be that my native box is extremely fast and the VM is the normal case. ??? Update I try with passtrough and a first run copy the same data in aprox. 7 minutes. Still 2 times slower than the native connection. I also did another messure and the copy between partitions on the same VM takes 3 minutes.

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• Build and migrated to software raid (mdadm) on GPT disk, now can't assemble array

  - by John H

  mdadm, gpt issues, unrecognized partitions. Simplified question: How do I get mdadm to recognize GPT partitions? I have been attempting to convert/copy my Ubuntu 11.10 OS from a single drive to software raid 1. I have done similar in the past, but in this case, I was adding in a drive that has been configured for GPT and I tried to work with that without fully looking into the implications. Currently, I have a non-booting mdadm RAID 1 array of /dev/md127 (the OS assigned that and it keeps picking up). I am booting off of live USB keys, currently System Rescue CD from sysresccd. While gdisk and parted can see all the partitions, most of the OS utilities do not, including mdadm. My main goal is just to make the raid array accessible so I can get pull the data and start fresh (without using GPT). /dev/md127 /dev/sda /dev/sda1 <- GPT type partition /dev/sda1 <- exists within the GPT part, member of md127 /dev/sda2 <- exists within the GPT part, empty /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 <- GPT type partition /dev/sdb1 <- exists within the GPT part, member of md127 History: POINT A: The original OS was install on sda (actually /dev/sda6). I used a the Ubuntu live usb to add sdb. I got warning from fdisk about GPT so I used gdisk to create a raid partition (sdb1) and mdadm to create a raid1 mirror with a missing drive. I had many issues getting this working (including being unable to get grub to install) but I eventually got it to boot using grub on sda and /dev/md127 off of sdb. So at point A, I had copied my OS from sda6 to md127 on sdb. I then booted into a rescue mode and attempted to get a bootloader onto sdb, which failed. I then discovered my mistake: I had installed the raid onto sdb instead of sdb1, essentially overwriting the sdb1 partition. POINT B: I now had two copies of my data- one on md127/sdb, and one on sda. I destroyed data on sda and created a new GPT table on sda. I then created sda1 for the raid array, and sda2 for a scratch partition. I added sda1 into the raid array and let it rebuild. md127 now covered /dev/sdb and /dev/sda1 as fully active and synced. POINT C: I rebooted onto linux rescue again and was still able to access the raid array. I then removed /dev/sdb from the array and created /dev/sdb1 for the raid. I added sdb1 to the array and let it sync. I was able to mount and access /dev/md127 without issues. Once it completed, both /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 were GPT partitions and actively syncing. POINT D (current): I rebooted again to test if the array would boot and grub failed to load. I booted off of my live thumb drive and found that I can no longer assemble the raid array. mdadm doesn't see the required partitions. -- root@freshdesk /root % uname -a Linux freshdesk 3.0.24-std251-amd64 #2 SMP Sat Mar 17 12:08:55 UTC 2012 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 645 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux === /proc/partitions and parted look good: root@freshdesk /root % cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 7 0 301788 loop0 8 0 976762584 sda 8 1 732579840 sda1 8 2 244181703 sda2 8 16 732574584 sdb 8 17 732573543 sdb1 8 32 7876607 sdc 8 33 7873349 sdc1 (parted) print all Model: ATA ST31000528AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 750GB 750GB ext4 2 750GB 1000GB 250GB Linux/Windows data Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 750GB 750GB ext4 Linux RAID raid Model: SanDisk SanDisk Cruzer (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 8066MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 31.7kB 8062MB 8062MB primary fat32 boot, lba === # no sda2, and I double the sdb1 is the one shown in parted root@freshdesk /root % blkid /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="75dd6c2d-f0a8-4302-9da4-792cc7d72355" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="PENDRIVE" UUID="1102-3720" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sdb1: UUID="2dd89f15-65bb-ff88-e368-bf24bd0fce41" TYPE="linux_raid_member" root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -E /dev/sda1 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda1. # this is probably a result of me attempting to force the array up, putting superblocks on the GPT partition root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -E /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 2dd89f15:65bbff88:e368bf24:bd0fce41 Creation Time : Fri Mar 30 19:25:30 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732568320 (698.63 GiB 750.15 GB) Array Size : 732568320 (698.63 GiB 750.15 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 127 Update Time : Sat Mar 31 12:39:38 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Checksum : a7d038b3 - correct Events : 20195 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 17 2 spare /dev/sdb1 0 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed 2 2 8 17 2 spare /dev/sdb1 === root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -A /dev/md127 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: no recogniseable superblock on /dev/sda1 mdadm: /dev/sda1 has no superblock - assembly aborted root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -A /dev/md127 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: cannot open device /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: /dev/sdb1 has no superblock - assembly aborted

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• Out of space despite lots of free space remaining

  - by Kristian Thomsen

  When upgrading Ubuntu from 11.10 to 12.04 I discovered an unexpected problem. The upgrade was stopped because there wasn't enough free space for the installation. I managed to free some space and do the upgrade but now a prompt appears after logging in saying I'm out of space. This prompt asks me if I want to examine the problem. The "Disk Usage Analyser" is opened. In the top it says: Total filesystem capacity: 47.0 GB (used: 13.5 GB available: 33.4 GB) Folder -- Usage -- Size / -- 100% -- 12.5 GB usr -- 44.8 % -- 5.6 GB home -- 30.3 % -- 3.8 GB lib -- 13.0 % -- 1.6 GB var -- 9.1 % -- 1.1 GB boot 2.5 % 309.5 GB and a lot of small contributors like: etc, opt, sbin, bin etc. I do not really understand this problem since the analyser in the top says that I have 33.4 GB left in this file system. What can I do to make Ubuntu use the remaining space? Running df -i in the terminal gives: Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda7 610800 576874 33926 95% / udev 213451 563 212888 1% /dev tmpfs 218524 486 218038 1% /run none 218524 3 218521 1% /run/lock none 218524 7 218517 1% /run/shm /dev/sda8 2264752 16371 2248381 1% /home What does this mean?

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• raid advice with SSD and two HDD

  - by Nin

  I have a new machine with one 128GB SSD and two 1TB HDD. On the SSD is the OS and my initial thought was to put the two HDD in RAID 1 for user data. After some more thought I came up with two other setups and now I'm in doubt :) Can someone advise what would be the best setup? 1: single SSD and HDD in RAID 1 (original thought) 2: Create 2 partitions on the HDD (128GB and 872GB). Put the two 872GB in RAID 1 and create another RAID 1 with the SSD and one 128GB HDD partition. 3: Create 2 partitions on the HDD (750/250), put the 705GB in RAID 1 and use the 2 250GB as backup and make automatic snapshots of the SSD to (one of) these partitions. I think the 2 main questions are: Is it advisable to create a raid array with only part of a drive and actively use the other part of that drive or should you always use the full disk? Is it advisable to create a raid 1 array with a SSD and HDD or will that blow the whole speed advantage of the SSD?

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• howto mount usb disk on esxi

  - by maruti

  have a USB drive NTFS attached to ESXi4 host. fdisk -l shows the device as /dev/mpx.... but when i try to mount that using mount /dev/xxx /mnt/usbdisk....it fails with message "no such file or dir" could anyone help with correct entry in etc/fstab? all that i am trying to do is backup the vms on esxi host to usb disk...thanks in advance

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• SQL SERVER – Check the Isolation Level with DBCC useroptions

  - by pinaldave

  In recent consultancy project coordinator asked me – “can you tell me what is the isolation level for this database?” I have worked with different isolation levels but have not ever queried database for the same. I quickly looked up bookonline and found out the DBCC command which can give me the same details. You can run the DBCC UserOptions command on any database to get few details about dateformat, datefirst as well isolation level. DBCC useroptions Set Option                  Value --------------------------- -------------- textsize                    2147483647 language                    us_english dateformat                  mdy datefirst                   7 lock_timeout                -1 quoted_identifier           SET arithabort                  SET ansi_null_dflt_on           SET ansi_warnings               SET ansi_padding                SET ansi_nulls                  SET concat_null_yields_null     SET isolation level             read committed I thought this was very handy script, which I have not used earlier. Thanks Gary for asking right question. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL System Table, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Transaction Isolation

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