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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Timeout static class

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. When I started the “Little Wonders” series, I really wanted to pay homage to parts of the .NET Framework that are often small but can help in big ways.  The item I have to discuss today really is a very small item in the .NET BCL, but once again I feel it can help make the intention of code much clearer and thus is worthy of note. The Problem - Magic numbers aren’t very readable or maintainable In my first Little Wonders Post (Five Little Wonders That Make Code Better) I mention the TimeSpan factory methods which, I feel, really help the readability of constructed TimeSpan instances. Just to quickly recap that discussion, ask yourself what the TimeSpan specified in each case below is 1: // Five minutes? Five Seconds? 2: var fiveWhat1 = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 5); 3: var fiveWhat2 = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 5, 0); 4: var fiveWhat3 = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 5, 0, 0); You’d think they’d all be the same unit of time, right?  After all, most overloads tend to tack additional arguments on the end.  But this is not the case with TimeSpan, where the constructor forms are:     TimeSpan(int hours, int minutes, int seconds);     TimeSpan(int days, int hours, int minutes, int seconds);     TimeSpan(int days, int hours, int minutes, int seconds, int milliseconds); Notice how in the 4 and 5 parameter version we suddenly have the parameter days slipping in front of hours?  This can make reading constructors like those above much harder.  Fortunately, there are TimeSpan factory methods to help make your intention crystal clear: 1: // Ah! Much clearer! 2: var fiveSeconds = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5); These are great because they remove all ambiguity from the reader!  So in short, magic numbers in constructors and methods can be ambiguous, and anything we can do to clean up the intention of the developer will make the code much easier to read and maintain. Timeout – Readable identifiers for infinite timeout values In a similar way to TimeSpan, let’s consider specifying timeouts for some of .NET’s (or our own) many methods that allow you to specify timeout periods. For example, in the TPL Task class, there is a family of Wait() methods that can take TimeSpan or int for timeouts.  Typically, if you want to specify an infinite timeout, you’d just call the version that doesn’t take a timeout parameter at all: 1: myTask.Wait(); // infinite wait But there are versions that take the int or TimeSpan for timeout as well: 1: // Wait for 100 ms 2: myTask.Wait(100); 3:  4: // Wait for 5 seconds 5: myTask.Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5); Now, if we want to specify an infinite timeout to wait on the Task, we could pass –1 (or a TimeSpan set to –1 ms), which what the .NET BCL methods with timeouts use to represent an infinite timeout: 1: // Also infinite timeouts, but harder to read/maintain 2: myTask.Wait(-1); 3: myTask.Wait(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1)); However, these are not as readable or maintainable.  If you were writing this code, you might make the mistake of thinking 0 or int.MaxValue was an infinite timeout, and you’d be incorrect.  Also, reading the code above it isn’t as clear that –1 is infinite unless you happen to know that is the specified behavior. To make the code like this easier to read and maintain, there is a static class called Timeout in the System.Threading namespace which contains definition for infinite timeouts specified as both int and TimeSpan forms: Timeout.Infinite An integer constant with a value of –1 Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan A static readonly TimeSpan which represents –1 ms (only available in .NET 4.5+) This makes our calls to Task.Wait() (or any other calls with timeouts) much more clear: 1: // intention to wait indefinitely is quite clear now 2: myTask.Wait(Timeout.Infinite); 3: myTask.Wait(Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan); But wait, you may say, why would we care at all?  Why not use the version of Wait() that takes no arguments?  Good question!  When you’re directly calling the method with an infinite timeout that’s what you’d most likely do, but what if you are just passing along a timeout specified by a caller from higher up?  Or perhaps storing a timeout value from a configuration file, and want to default it to infinite? For example, perhaps you are designing a communications module and want to be able to shutdown gracefully, but if you can’t gracefully finish in a specified amount of time you want to force the connection closed.  You could create a Shutdown() method in your class, and take a TimeSpan or an int for the amount of time to wait for a clean shutdown – perhaps waiting for client to acknowledge – before terminating the connection.  So, assume we had a pub/sub system with a class to broadcast messages: 1: // Some class to broadcast messages to connected clients 2: public class Broadcaster 3: { 4: // ... 5:  6: // Shutdown connection to clients, wait for ack back from clients 7: // until all acks received or timeout, whichever happens first 8: public void Shutdown(int timeout) 9: { 10: // Kick off a task here to send shutdown request to clients and wait 11: // for the task to finish below for the specified time... 12:  13: if (!shutdownTask.Wait(timeout)) 14: { 15: // If Wait() returns false, we timed out and task 16: // did not join in time. 17: } 18: } 19: } We could even add an overload to allow us to use TimeSpan instead of int, to give our callers the flexibility to specify timeouts either way: 1: // overload to allow them to specify Timeout in TimeSpan, would 2: // just call the int version passing in the TotalMilliseconds... 3: public void Shutdown(TimeSpan timeout) 4: { 5: Shutdown(timeout.TotalMilliseconds); 6: } Notice in case of this class, we don’t assume the caller wants infinite timeouts, we choose to rely on them to tell us how long to wait.  So now, if they choose an infinite timeout, they could use the –1, which is more cryptic, or use Timeout class to make the intention clear: 1: // shutdown the broadcaster, waiting until all clients ack back 2: // without timing out. 3: myBroadcaster.Shutdown(Timeout.Infinite); We could even add a default argument using the int parameter version so that specifying no arguments to Shutdown() assumes an infinite timeout: 1: // Modified original Shutdown() method to add a default of 2: // Timeout.Infinite, works because Timeout.Infinite is a compile 3: // time constant. 4: public void Shutdown(int timeout = Timeout.Infinite) 5: { 6: // same code as before 7: } Note that you can’t default the ShutDown(TimeSpan) overload with Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan since it is not a compile-time constant.  The only acceptable default for a TimeSpan parameter would be default(TimeSpan) which is zero milliseconds, which specified no wait, not infinite wait. Summary While Timeout.Infinite and Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan are not earth-shattering classes in terms of functionality, they do give you very handy and readable constant values that you can use in your programs to help increase readability and maintainability when specifying infinite timeouts for various timeouts in the BCL and your own applications. Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,Timeout,Task

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  • Using Static methods or none static methods in Dao Class ?

    - by dankyy1
    Hi I generate Dao classes for some DB operations in this manner making methods of Dao class as static or none static is better? Using sample dao class below ,If more than one client got to use the AddSampleItem method in same time?how this may result? public class SampleDao { static DataAcessor dataAcessor public static void AddSampleItem(object[] params) { dataAcessor =new DataAcessor(); //generate query here string query="..." dataAcessor.ExecuteQery(query); dataAcessor.Close(); } public static void UpdateSampleItem(object[] params) { dataAcessor =new DataAcessor(); //generate query here string query="..." dataAcessor.ExecuteQery(query); dataAcessor.Close(); } }

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  • Implicitly invoking parent class initializer

    - by Matt Joiner
    class A(object): def __init__(self, a, b, c): #super(A, self).__init__() super(self.__class__, self).__init__() class B(A): def __init__(self, b, c): print super(B, self) print super(self.__class__, self) #super(B, self).__init__(1, b, c) super(self.__class__, self).__init__(1, b, c) class C(B): def __init__(self, c): #super(C, self).__init__(2, c) super(self.__class__, self).__init__(2, c) C(3) In the above code, the commented out __init__ calls appear to the be the commonly accepted "smart" way to do super class initialization. However in the event that the class hierarchy is likely to change, I have been using the uncommented form, until recently. It appears that in the call to the super constructor for B in the above hierarchy, that B.__init__ is called again, self.__class__ is actually C, not B as I had always assumed. Is there some way in Python-2.x that I can overcome this, and maintain proper MRO when calling super constructors without actually naming the current class?

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  • class on td is causing tr not to respond

    - by Catfish
    I have this script and the rows that have td class "odd" will not toggle the blue color that the rows without the class "odd" do. anybody know why? //Used to make a row turn blue if available $('tr:not(theadtr)').toggle(function() { $(this).addClass("hltclick"); }, function() { $(this).removeClass("hltclick"); }); and this table <table> <thead> <tr class="border"> <td>Start Time</td> <td>End Time</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="border"> <td class="odd"><a href="#">7:00am</a></td> <td class="odd"><a href="#">8:00am</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td><a href="#">8:00am</a></td> <td><a href="#">9:00am</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td class="odd"><a href="#">9:00am</a></td> <td class="odd"><a href="#">10:00am</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td><a href="#">10:00am</a></td> <td><a href="#">11:00am</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td class="odd"><a href="#">11:00am</a></td> <td class="odd"><a href="#">12:00pm</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td><a href="#">1:00pm</a></td> <td><a href="#">2:00pm</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td class="odd"><a href="#">2:00pm</a></td> <td class="odd"><a href="#">3:00pm</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td><a href="#">3:00pm</a></td> <td><a href="#">4:00pm</a></td> </tr> <tr class="border"> <td class="odd"><a href="#">4:00pm</a></td> <td class="odd"><a href="#">5:00pm</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> and this css #calendar { -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:6px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:6px; padding:15px; clear:both; padding:15px; } body { color:#222222; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:12px; } table { border:1px solid white; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0 0 30px; width:100%; } .border { border:1px solid #333134; } thead tr { background:none repeat scroll 0 0 #B7EBFF; color:#333134; font-size:24px; font-weight:bold; } tr { background:none repeat scroll 0 0 #616062; font-size:16px; } thead td { font-family:"Century Gothic",Arial; padding:5px 0 20px 5px; } tr.border thead tr { color:#333134; font-size:24px; font-weight:bold; } tr { font-size:16px; }

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  • Django: way to test what class a generic relation content_object is?

    - by bitbutter
    In my project I have a class, NewsItem. Instances of NewsItem act like a wrapper. They can be associated with either an ArtWork instance, or an Announcement instance. Here's how the NewsItem model looks: class NewsItem(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now,) class Meta: ordering = ('-date',) def __unicode__(self): return (self.title()) In a template I'm dealing with a NewsItem instance, and would like to output a certain bunch of html it it's 'wrapping' an Artwork instance, and a different bunch of html if it's wrapping an Announcement instance. Could someone explain how I can write a conditional to test for this? My first naive try looked like this: {% if news_item.content_object.type=='Artwork' %}do this{% else %}do that{% endif %}

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  • How do I define an implicit typecast from my class to a scalar?

    - by Delan Azabani
    I have the following code, which uses a Unicode string class from a library that I'm writing: #include <cstdio> #include "ucpp" main() { ustring a = "test"; ustring b = "ing"; ustring c = "- -"; ustring d; d = "cafe\xcc\x81"; printf("%s\n", (a + b + c[1] + d).encode()); } The encode method of the ustring class instances converts the internal Unicode into a UTF-8 char *. However, because I don't have access to the char class definition, I am unsure on how I can define an implicit typecast (so that I don't have to manually call encode when using with printf, etc).

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  • Pass in the object a java class is embedded in as a parameter.

    - by Leif Andersen
    I'm building an android application, which has a list view, and in the list view, a click listener, containing an onItemClick method. So I have something like this: public class myList extends ListActivity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { getListView().setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { /* Do something*/ } } } Normally, this works fine. However, many times I find myself needing too preform an application using the outer class as a context. thusfar, I've used: parent.getContext(); to do this, but I would like to know, is that a bad idea? I can't really call: super because it's not really a subclass, just an embedded one. So is there any better way, or is that considered cosure? Also, if it is the right way, what should I do if the embedded method doesn't have a parameter to get the outside class? Thank you.

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  • Portable class libraries and fetching JSON

    - by Jeff
    After much delay, we finally have the Windows Phone 8 SDK to go along with the Windows 8 Store SDK, or whatever ridiculous name they’re giving it these days. (Seriously… that no one could come up with a suitable replacement for “metro” is disappointing in an otherwise exciting set of product launches.) One of the neat-o things is the potential for code reuse, particularly across Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 apps. This is accomplished in part with portable class libraries, which allow you to share code between different types of projects. With some other techniques and quasi-hacks, you can share some amount of code, and I saw it mentioned in one of the Build videos that they’re seeing as much as 70% code reuse. Not bad. However, I’ve already hit a super annoying snag. It appears that the HttpClient class, with its idiot-proof async goodness, is not included in the Windows Phone 8 class libraries. Shock, gasp, horror, disappointment, etc. The delay in releasing it already caused dismay among developers, and I’m sure this won’t help. So I started refactoring some code I already had for a Windows 8 Store app (ugh) to accommodate the use of HttpWebRequest instead. I haven’t tried it in a Windows Phone 8 project beyond compiling, but it appears to work. I used this StackOverflow answer as a starting point since it’s been a long time since I used HttpWebRequest, and keep in mind that it has no exception handling. It needs refinement. The goal here is to new up the client, and call a method that returns some deserialized JSON objects from the Intertubes. Adding facilities for headers or cookies is probably a good next step. You need to use NuGet for a Json.NET reference. So here’s the start: using System.Net; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Newtonsoft.Json; using System.IO; namespace MahProject {     public class ServiceClient<T> where T : class     {         public ServiceClient(string url)         {             _url = url;         }         private readonly string _url;         public async Task<T> GetResult()         {             var response = await MakeAsyncRequest(_url);             var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(response);             return result;         }         public static Task<string> MakeAsyncRequest(string url)         {             var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);             request.ContentType = "application/json";             Task<WebResponse> task = Task.Factory.FromAsync(                 request.BeginGetResponse,                 asyncResult => request.EndGetResponse(asyncResult),                 null);             return task.ContinueWith(t => ReadStreamFromResponse(t.Result));         }         private static string ReadStreamFromResponse(WebResponse response)         {             using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())                 using (var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream))                 {                     var content = reader.ReadToEnd();                     return content;                 }         }     } } Calling it in some kind of repository class may look like this, if you wanted to return an array of Park objects (Park model class omitted because it doesn’t matter): public class ParkRepo {     public async Task<Park[]> GetAllParks()     {         var client = new ServiceClient<Park[]>(http://superfoo/endpoint);         return await client.GetResult();     } } And then from inside your WP8 or W8S app (see what I did there?), when you load state or do some kind of UI event handler (making sure the method uses the async keyword): var parkRepo = new ParkRepo(); var results = await parkRepo.GetAllParks(); // bind results to some UI or observable collection or something Hopefully this saves you a little time.

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  • How is it possible the class inheritance in namespaces using Ruby on Rails 3?

    - by user502052
    In my RoR3 application I have a namespace called NS1 so that I have this filesystem structure: ROOT_RAILS/controllers/ ROOT_RAILS/controllers/application_controller.rb ROOT_RAILS/controllers/ns/ ROOT_RAILS/controllers/ns/ns_controller.rb ROOT_RAILS/controllers/ns/names_controller.rb ROOT_RAILS/controllers/ns/surnames_controller.rb I wuold like that 'ns_controller.rb' inherits from application controller, so in 'ns_controller.rb' file I have: class Ns::NsController < ApplicationController ... end Is this the right approach? Anyway if I have this situation... in 'application_controller.rb' class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base @profile = Profile.find(1) end in 'ns_controller.rb' class Ns::NsController < ApplicationController @name = @profile.name @surname = @profile.surname end ... '@name' and '@surname' variables are not set. Why?

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  • Can I set a PHP class property from an existing variable?

    - by jasondavis
    I am trying to figure out how I want to handle settings in my PHP app. I have pretty much decide that I would like to use a Confg class file so it will be autoloaded and flexible in the future. Below is some stuff I was playing with. I know you cannot set a variable to popluate a Constant so I then try to use a public static property. Why can I not set public static $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; ?? <?php // config.class.php class Config { const URL = 'http://www.foo.com'; const DB_User = 'dbname'; public static $test = 'test string'; public static $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //index.php // works echo Config::URL; // works echo Config::$test; // DOES NOT WORK echo Config::$ip; ?>

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  • Enterprise Library Validation Block - Should validation be placed on class or interface?

    - by Robert MacLean
    I am not sure where the best place to put validation (using the Enterprise Library Validation Block) is? Should it be on the class or on the interface? Things that may effect it Validation rules would not be changed in classes which inherit from the interface. Validation rules would not be changed in classes which inherit from the class. Inheritance will occur from the class in most cases - I suspect some fringe cases to inherit from the interface (but I would try and avoid it). The interface main use is for DI which will be done with the Unity block.

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  • What's wrong with consuming ConfiguredTaskAwaitable from PortableClassLibrary's class under Debugger from MSTest Runner or Console App?

    - by Stas Shusha
    *Its only Debug-time error, but a very weird one. Problem: While running with Debugger attached and calling a method, exposed in separate Portable library, returning ConfiguredTaskAwaitable, we get InvalidProgramException. Repro: Having 2 projects: PortableClassLibrary (supporting .Net 4.5; Windows Store; Windows Phone 8) with 1 class: public class Weird { public static ConfiguredTaskAwaitable GetConfiguredTaskAwaitable() { return new ConfiguredTaskAwaitable(); } } ConsoleApplication with code: static void Main(string[] args) { Weird.GetConfiguredTaskAwaitable(); } Notes: replacing ConfiguredTaskAwaitable with ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<T> (a generic version) fixes this strange issue consuming this method form WP8 or Win8 app under Debugger works fine. Currently it causes problems cause I cant run my Unit Tests under Debugger. I'm forced to change my "ObjectUnderTest" implementation to return generic ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<T>, which is fine for the real project, but still is only a workaround. The Question is: does anybody knows the reason of this error? It definitely related to Portable Class Library magic.

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  • How can a class's memory-allocated address be determined from within the contructor?

    - by Jim Fell
    Is it possible to get the memory-allocated address of a newly instantiated class from within that class's constructor during execution of said constructor? I am developing a linked list wherein multiple classes have multiple pointers to like classes. Each time a new class instantiates, it needs to check its parent's list to make sure it is included. If I try to do something like this: MyClass() // contructor { extern MyClass * pParent; for ( int i = 0; i < max; i++ ) { pParent->rels[i] == &MyClass; // error } } I get this error: error C2275: 'namespace::MyClass' : illegal use of this type as an expression Any thoughts or suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Overloading Console.ReadLine possible? (or any static class method)

    - by comecme
    I'm trying to create an overload of the System.Console.ReadLine() method that will take a string argument. My intention basically is to be able to write string s = Console.ReadLine("Please enter a number: "); in stead of Console.Write("Please enter a number: "); string s = Console.ReadLine(); I don't think it is possible to overload Console.ReadLine itself, so I tried implementing an inherited class, like this: public static class MyConsole : System.Console { public static string ReadLine(string s) { Write(s); return ReadLine(); } } That doesn't work though, cause it is not possible to inherit from System.Console (because it is a static class which automatically makes is a sealed class). Does it make sense what I'm trying to do here? Or is it never a good idea to want to overload something from a static class?

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  • Attach an HREF and a class to an img link generated by the PhotoSlider script?

    - by Frank Bailey
    Hi folks, I'm using the very nice PhotoSlider script from http://opiefoto.com/articles/photoslider to create a slide show of images for one of my clients. This script replaces a previous hand-coded Javascript solution that allowed for the large image to be clicked resulting in a lightbox modal popup showing the full-size version of the clicked picture. Of course the client insists that this functionality remain intact, but the HTML code for the large image is generated on-the-fly by the PhotoSlider script itself. This means I'll need to modify the script slightly to attach a class ("lightbox") and an href (or just a click event, whichever makes more sense), but I'm not quite sure how best to accomplish this. I figure the event and class will have to be attached each time a thumbnail is clicked, but if this isn't the best way to do it any advice will be appreciated. The script is implemented into my page as can be seen here, without the click or class. I'd really appreciate any assistance stackoverflowites can offer. Thanks in advance!

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  • Can I use string concatenation to define a class CONST in PHP?

    - by selfsimilar
    I know that you can create global constants in terms of each other using string concatenation: define('FOO', 'foo'); define('BAR', FOO.'bar'); echo BAR; will print 'foobar'. However, I'm getting an error trying to do the same using class constants. class foobar { const foo = 'foo'; const foo2 = self::foo; const bar = self::foo.'bar'; } foo2 is defined without issue, but declaring const bar will error out Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '.', expecting ',' or ';' I've also tried using functions like sprintf() but it doesn't like the left paren any more than the string concatenator '.'. So is there any way to create class constants in terms of each other in anything more than a trivial set case like foo2?

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  • How to access CWebBrowser class instance (defined in a protected class) in a different class? C++

    - by extintor
    I have been playing with this webbrowser control example I got it working and added some timers using ON_WM_TIMER. Now I would like to access the m_Browser (CWebBrowser class instance) defined inside the protected CMyBrowserView class into a different class. (for example CMyBrowserApp in the code sample) and use .Navigate and other functions. How can I do this? (im using visual studio 6 c++)

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  • What's safe to assume about the NSMutableArray / NSArray class cluster?

    - by andyvn22
    I know you shouldn't use this to decide whether or not to change an array: if ([possiblyMutable isKindOfClass:[NSMutableArray class]]) But say I'm writing a method and need to return either an NSMutableArray or an NSArray, depending on the mutability of possiblyMutable. The class using my method already knows whether or not it's acceptable to change the returned array. Whether or not it's acceptable to change the returned array directly correlates with whether or not it's acceptable to change possiblyMutable. In that specific case, is this code safe? It seems to me that if it's not acceptable to change the array, but we accidentally get a mutable array, it's ok, because the class using my method won't try to change it. And if it is acceptable to change the array, then we will always get possiblyMutable as an NSMutableArray (though this is the part I'm not entirely clear on). So... safe or not? Alternatives?

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  • How do I ensure my abstract class's function can only operate on extenders of the same type as the c

    - by incrediman
    For example, let's say this is my abstract class: abstract class A{ int x; int y; void foo(A fooMe); } ...and B and C are two classes which extend A. What I want is for B to only be able to call foo() on other Bs, and for C to only be able to call foo() on other Cs. But I want this to be out of the hands of the programmer who's extending my A class - that is, I want a way to ensure this functionality within As code alone. What can I do? (If possible) I'd like to avoid any hack or generics solution that's too messy - I still want foo to be able to be called like this, for example: B b=new B(); B bb=new B(); bb.foo(b);

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  • 'array bound is not an integer constant' when defining size of array in class, using an element of a const array

    - by user574733
    #ifndef QWERT_H #define QWERT_H const int x [] = {1, 2,}; const int z = 3; #endif #include <iostream> #include "qwert.h" class Class { int y [x[0]]; //error:array bound is not an integer constant int g [z]; //no problem }; int main () { int y [x[0]]; //no problem Class a_class; } I can't figure out why this doesn't work. Other people with this problem seem to be trying to dynamically allocate arrays. Any help is much appreciated.

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  • How to define a new type (class) in Python using C API?

    - by ~mech
    Hi, I am trying to use the Python C API to define a new class inside a module that would expose certain functionality written in C to Python code. I specifically want to have it in the form of a class and not a set of module functions. However, I can't find anything regarding this particular task in the official documentation. The closest I could find is PyClass_New function (in the Python.h header) but it is not mentioned anywhere in the official docs, so I assume it is not supposed to be used. So, what is the proper way to define a new Python class from C code? Thanks.

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  • Using the StopWatch class to calculate the execution time of a block of code

    - by vik20000in
      Many of the times while doing the performance tuning of some, class, webpage, component, control etc. we first measure the current time taken in the execution of that code. This helps in understanding the location in code which is actually causing the performance issue and also help in measuring the amount of improvement by making the changes. This measurement is very important as it helps us understand the problem in code, Helps us to write better code next time (as we have already learnt what kind of improvement can be made with different code) . Normally developers create 2 objects of the DateTime class. The exact time is collected before and after the code where the performance needs to be measured.  Next the difference between the two objects is used to know about the time spent in the code that is measured. Below is an example of the sample code.             DateTime dt1, dt2;             dt1 = DateTime.Now;             for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)             {                 string str = "string";             }             dt2 = DateTime.Now;             TimeSpan ts = dt2.Subtract(dt1);             Console.WriteLine("Time Spent : " + ts.TotalMilliseconds.ToString());   The above code works great. But the dot net framework also provides for another way to capture the time spent on the code without doing much effort (creating 2 datetime object, timespan object etc..). We can use the inbuilt StopWatch class to get the exact time spent. Below is an example of the same work with the help of the StopWatch class.             Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();             for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)             {                 string str = "string";             }             sw.Stop();             Console.WriteLine("Time Spent : " +sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds.ToString());   [Note the StopWatch class resides in the System.Diagnostics namespace] If you use the StopWatch class the time taken for measuring the performance is much better, with very little effort. Vikram

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  • Data classes: getters and setters or different method design

    - by Frog
    I've been trying to design an interface for a data class I'm writing. This class stores styles for characters, for example whether the character is bold, italic or underlined. But also the font-size and the font-family. So it has different types of member variables. The easiest way to implement this would be to add getters and setters for every member variable, but this just feels wrong to me. It feels way more logical (and more OOP) to call style.format(BOLD, true) instead of style.setBold(true). So to use logical methods insteads of getters/setters. But I am facing two problems while implementing these methods: I would need a big switch statement with all member variables, since you can't access a variable by the contents of a string in C++. Moreover, you can't overload by return type, which means you can't write one getter like style.getFormatting(BOLD) (I know there are some tricks to do this, but these don't allow for parameters, which I would obviously need). However, if I would implement getters and setters, there are also issues. I would have to duplicate quite some code because styles can also have a parent styles, which means the getters have to look not only at the member variables of this style, but also at the variables of the parent styles. Because I wasn't able to figure out how to do this, I decided to ask a question a couple of weeks ago. See Object Oriented Programming: getters/setters or logical names. But in that question I didn't stress it would be just a data object and that I'm not making a text rendering engine, which was the reason one of the people that answered suggested I ask another question while making that clear (because his solution, the decorator pattern, isn't suitable for my problem). So please note that I'm not creating my own text rendering engine, I just use these classes to store data. Because I still haven't been able to find a solution to this problem I'd like to ask this question again: how would you design a styles class like this? And why would you do that? Thanks on forehand!

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  • Is this the correct approach to an OOP design structure in php?

    - by Silver89
    I'm converting a procedural based site to an OOP design to allow more easily manageable code in the future and so far have created the following structure: /classes /templates index.php With these classes: ConnectDB Games System User User -Moderator User -Administrator In the index.php file I have code that detects if any $_GET values are posted to determine on which page content to build (it's early so there's only one example and no default): function __autoload($className) { require "classes/".strtolower($className).".class.php"; } $db = new Connect; $db->connect(); $user = new User(); if(isset($_GET['gameId'])) { System::buildGame($gameId); } This then runs the BuildGame function in the system class which looks like the following and then uses gets in the Game Class to return values, such as $game->getTitle() in the template file template/play.php: function buildGame($gameId){ $game = new Game($gameId); $game->setRatio(900, 600); require 'templates/play.php'; } I also have .htaccess so that actual game page url works instead of passing the parameters to index.php Are there any major errors of how I'm setting this up or do I have the general idea of OOP correct?

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