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• Recommend a mail server setup for multiple domains

  - by Greg

  Hi all, I've just set up a new Debian web server which I have done plenty of times before, but I want to add a mail server which I have never done before. I am aware of this question, but I would like someone to recommend packages and briefly explain how to use them for providing pop/imap access on multiple domains, a concept that has confused me for a while. I'm planning for this server to grow slowly but surely, from serving an initial 5 or 6 domains to about 20 in the first year, continuing at this rate. (yes, I've jumped on the cloud bandwaggon). At the moment, I have a DNS-A record pointing to my server's IP and nothing else. I'm assuming that I need a DNS-MX record pointing there too, but I haven't read up about it yet so today that's what I'll be doing. Hopefully reading up on the subject and the help that I get here will get my server up and running in no time. Thanks!

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• How to change password schema for Dovecot user authentication for an already existing mail server

  - by deb_lrnr

  Hello, I have an email server setup on Debian Lenny with Postfix, Dovecot, SASL and MySQL. Currently, the password scheme in my dovecot-sql.conf file is set to: CRYPT default_pass_scheme = CRYPT I would like to globally change the scheme to something stronger like SSHA, or MD5-CRYPT and re-hash all passwords with SSHA. What is the best way to do this? The Dovecot wiki mentions how passwords that don't follow the default scheme defined in dovecot-sql.conf can be prefixed with "{ssha}password", but I couldn't see anything regarding changing an already-existing scheme to a new one for all passwords that are already in the database. Thanks for your help!

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• PHPMyAdmin - Error 500

  - by christian.thomas

  Have scoured the board but can't seem to find anything that's helped yet. If I go to http://localhost/ it's fine, if I go to http://localhost/phpmyadmin I get an 'Error 500: Internal Server Error' There doesn't seem to be anything that'll show up in the log files either. I've tried the RewriteLog as mentioned in PHPMyAdmin 500 Internal Server Error - But that doesn't really seem to help either, nothing gets written to it when I've got: # Logfiles ErrorLog /home/www/beta.**.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /home/www/beta.**.com/logs/access.log combined RewriteLog /home/www/beta.**.com/logs/rewrite.log RewriteLogLevel 9 I've tried uninstalling the package and re-installing it, but that's not helped either. Anyone got any other suggestions? I'm running Debian and Apache 2.

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• Which Linux variant to install on VirtualBox?

  - by Rohit

  Answer to one of my previous post suggested me to use VirtualBox for Sandbox experiments with malware files. I installed VirtualBox and now it demands a bootable CD to install the OS. I want Linux to be installed in it. I guess Debian or Ubuntu are the most popular variant. I want an ISO image that creates a bootable CD or a single DVD with that Linux variant and should include only the basic installation not much features. It should fit in at least 3 or 3.5 GB. Which one is more compatible with VirtualBox?

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• IPtables Traffic Quota - up and down

  - by Nick

  I've been trying to set up traffic quotas for users on a shared server and i believe [with my limited knowledge] that iptables --quota and ports which have been selected for each user [--dport] is the way to do this... iptables -A OUTPUT --dport 1,2,3,4... --quota 123412341234 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT --dport 1,2,3,4... -j DROP I think something like this would work to limit the traffic [and reset every month] but its only for traffic going out. Is there something I could do to combine -A OUTPUT and -A INPUT into one quota? Or, is there a different method I could use to achieve the same thing more efficiently? OS is debian squeeze Thanks.

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• Linux - How to completety clean up a software installation

  - by Jonathan Rioux

  Hi, I am running under Debian and I have recently upgraded to Squeeze. Since then, I am having so much problems with Webmin. So I have decided to remove it using: apt-get remove webmin And then I downloaded the sources of Webmin 1.530 and compiled it. But the installation process has been stucked for an hour so I canceled it. I even tried to install it using the .deb file without success (installation stucks for hours). From now, I cannot install Webmin since I uninstalled it. So I would like to know how can I make a full clean up of any traces of Webmin on my server. And then I will retry to install it.

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• rsync doesn't use delta transfer on first run

  - by ockzon

  I'm trying to synchronize a large local directory (with a batch file using rsync 3.0.7 on Cygwin, Windows 7 x64, 30k files, 200gb size) to a remote server (Debian x64 with kernel 2.6, rsyncd 3.0.7) over a slow internet connection (90kbyte/s upload). I know almost all files are identical and I verified that using md5sum locally and remotely. However when executing rsync from my local machine every file gets transferred completely for the first time. When I terminate the batch file after a few transfers and run it again then the already transferred files are skipped. But as soon as it gets to a file not yet transferred it uploads the file as a whole again instead of noticing that the checksum is the same locally and remotely. The batch file calling rsync looks like this (backslashes and line brakes added here for readability): c:\cygwin\bin\rsync.exe --verbose --human-readable --progress --stats \ --recursive --ignore-times --password-file pwd.txt \ /cygdrive/d/ftp/data/ \ rsync://[email protected]:33400/data/ | \ c:\cygwin\bin\tee.exe --append rsync.log I experimented using the following parameters in varying combinations but that didn't help either: --checksum --partial --partial-dir=/tmp/.rsync-partial --compress

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• Where to put unix sockets

  - by James Willson

  I am new to this, so sorry if its obvious. I am running a debian server and installing the likes of UWSGI, NGinx etc on there. The configurations keep talking about pointing to "sockets". In the build options I seem to be able to specify where the sockets for each program go. By default it looks like most of them go in /tmp/ (not all of them). Is this a good place for them to go? Im trying to keep things as organised as possible but just bunging them in my tmp directory doesnt seem like the best option.

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• Remote desktop to my KVM virtual machine

  - by user6

  I've got a dedicated server running Debian 6. I've set up a windows 7 virtual machine using KVM. Now I'm trying to get Remote desktop working. I'm guessing i have to do some port forwarding. The virtual machine is in a NAT. Remote desktop is already set up on it (another virtual machine can connect). I've tried using the iptables and countless of virsh commands of which I'm not even sure what they did. Anyone knows how to get this working?

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• How do you persist installed software & configurations on an Amazon EC2 instance?

  - by Richard

  I've gotten a base Debian AMI up and running and now I need to know the best way to maintain it. I've ran the updates (aptitude update/upgrade) and installed/configured my software (Apache, Ruby, etc.) but if I reboot the instance or start a new one I'll have to do all this work over again. How do you persist these types of things over a reboot? Do you build a new AMI every time you adjust some tiny piece of the system? Or is there some way to feed it a script on startup that configures it in "real-time"? I know I could go all the way with a Reductive Labs Puppet style setup but that's a bit too much for my needs right now (1-2 servers). Any best practices on this? Update: I found a bit of information on using User-Data to run scripts at instance boot time.

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• Rsync over ssh with root access on both sides

  - by Tim Abell

  Hi, I have one older ubuntu server, and one newer debian server and I am migrating data from the old one to the new one. I want to use rsync to transfer data across to make final migration easier and quicker than the equivalent tar/scp/untar process. As an example, I want to sync the home folders one at a time to the new server. This requires root access at both ends as not all files at the source side are world readable and the destination has to be written with correct permissions into /home. I can't figure out how to give rsync root access on both sides. I've seen a few related questions, but none quite match what I'm trying to do. I have sudo set up and working on both servers.

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• Changing time or offsetting it in OpenVZ contained server

  - by Milad Naseri

  I am trying to run a VPS, a Debian box contained in an OpenVZ container. Obviously, I cannot use time --set or any such command, as the time must be set via the parent node. The owner of the parent node, however refuses to adjust the time (which is 30 minutes slower than the actual time). All the programs on my system, consequently, now recognized the false time and this throws a wrench in my syncing. Is there a way to possibly change the system time without interference from the container's administrator? Or perhaps, failing that, a way to make the programs "see" the time 30 minutes faster than what is reported by the container?

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• DreamPress WordPress site Varnish Cache Error

  - by rhand

  Every now and then, often when I write a post on my Dreamhost DreamPress WordPress blog I get this Varnish related error: Error 503 Service Unavailable Service Unavailable Guru Meditation: XID: 180706672 Varnish cache server I did a related post here Varnish & ISPConfig under Debian give error 503 but they only tell me it could be an Apache Virtual Hosts issue and that the defined hosts should be checked. But that thread was on a different XID and just a comment, not an accepted solution. So perhaps this situation is different. Any ideas?

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• Script on startup without update-rc.d

  - by Jean-Philippe Blary

  I've a debian minimal installation, and I just want to start a script at startup. So, I've a script at /etc/init.d/myscript, I put a chmod 700, and create symlinks ('S20myscript') into /etc/rc2.d, rc3.d, rc4.d and rc5.d. But the script is NOT launched at all. When I put this script with update-rc.d (or insserv...), it works. I don't understand, am I forced to use this command? (and no, I don't want to use /erc/rc.local). Thanks!

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• How do I update my servers' domain name for Reverse DNS?

  - by Jeff

  I'm updating my mail servers' rDNS and I think I have it all figured out except for one thing. When I installed my OS (Debian Etch), the installer asked me to enter the "domain name". Is the "domain name" updated by using the hostname command? If so, which config file(s) are updated when using the hostname command? If not, how do I change my servers' domain name? My current /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost 67.228.178.164 mrspock.example-old.com mrspock My current /etc/hostname: mrspock $ hostname -f mrspock.example-old.com I need to update hostname -f to be mrspock.example-new.com.

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• IP issue with Heartbeat & DRBD

  - by adam0345

  I'm in the process of setting up 3-node stacked DRBD, and i'm experiencing a rather bizarre issue. Two nodes are located at the data center, and the 3rd node is located locally. The Primary and Secondary nodes are working as expected, however the 3rd node won't connect to the primary. If I ping the IP provided by heartbeat on the 3rd node it will return 100% packet loss, if I reset networking interfaces, ping will then return a few successful packets, but then stop returning any packets. I can't work out any reason why this would be behaving like this. All nodes are running Debian Squeeze, and the latest version of DRBD.

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• JFFS2 poor mount performance

  - by Marcin Polkowski

  I run multiple ARM boards with Debian Linux installed. Board is equipped with 512 MB of NAND memory. I've observed that after ~3 months of continuous run booting time increased significantly - it takes over 3 minutes to mount filesystem (JFFS2). System was using about 35% of available storage so I’ve removed unnecessary files (got to ~18%) but this didn't change anything. Then I realized that my software produces directories that are left empty so I’ve removed ~500 empty and unnecessary dirs. This didn’t help either. After system is started I see JFFS2 garbage collector (jffs2_gcd_mtd4) running and occupying over 90% of CPU. Now my question: is there a way to „optimize” JFFS2 filesystem for better performance - faster booting (my system have limited timid to boot up)? It would be great if this optimization could be done remotely - I have no physical access to boards.

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• How to set umask for a folder and it's subfolder?

  - by Cyril N.

  I'm working on the same directory with some friends and they access it via SSH. I added us in the same group and defined a sticky bit to keep the user:group values the same. But when a user create a file/folder, the Write attribute is not defined for the group, disabling other to write it/on it. How can I define the Umask to add the Write value for groups in the specific directory and it's subfolders ? I tried to find some help before, but I only saw helps for Fedora/CentOs, and I'm using Debian Squeeze. Thanks for your help

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• Server not responding to SSH and HTTP but ping works

  - by yes123

  Hello guys, I requested an hard reboot because none of ssh and http worked. Ping worked normally. Which logs should i check to understand what was the problem? Thanks! (debian 6 on lamp) Edit: my memory and swap: Mem: 4040068k total, 1114920k used, 2925148k free, 109212k buffers Swap: 1051384k total, 0k used, 1051384k free, 283820k cached 4 GB ram (and more than 1TB of HDD) The cause is from 2 days ago: look how the usage of swap goes +60% in less than 10hours My control panel reports this as top 5 memory usage process: If every apache2 process is 190MB large that sux because IF i do TOP i have 262 sleeping process most of them are apache2! My apache mpm_prefork settings are: <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 ServerLimit 1500 MaxClients 1500 MaxRequestsPerChild 2000 </IfModule> KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 4

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• Can't open an SSH session because of OpenSSL version mismatch [on hold]

  - by user3287849

  I just ran apt-get upgrade, and according to /var/log/apt/history.log, openssl has been updated to version 1.0.1e-2+rvt+deb7u7. Now I have one SSH session still open, but I can't open another one. I restarted SSH, which returned OpenSSL version mismatch. Built against 1000105f, you have 10001080. I tried apt-get remove openssl && apt-get install openssl with no luck. I'm running debian on a raspberry pi. Edit: moved to SuperUser

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• Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

  - by mgjk

  It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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• Apache2 unable to start: private key not found

  - by user3161330

  today I edited some vhosts in my Apache installation and when I tried to restart it I got this error: [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] Init: Private key not found [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218640442 error:0D08303A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I:nested asn1 error [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 67710980 error:04093004:rsa routines:OLD_RSA_PRIV_DECODE:RSA lib [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error I have tried to generate new self signed certificates issuing this command: openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.cert.key -out server.cert.crt but the error still exists. The private key chmod is 600, and if I open it with nano looks, fine. I'm running Apache2 on a debian 7 machine.

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• How to change defaulp pdf viewer for all users in command line

  - by dodecaplex

  I'm using Debian squeeze with Gnome Desktop for all my users. I have a group of machines to set up so that all users should use xpdf as a default viewer (rather than evince). I want this set up to be done by command line (even better, using puppet). I know about xpg-mime command, but the man page says that the default command should not be used as root. I could manually tweek the /etc/gnome/defaults.list files, but I'm looking for a single command I could run to perform the setting without an editor interaction. Any idea ?

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• log execution of certain commands on linux

  - by jlsksr

  I have to maintain a system (debian) on which several users are allowed to install programs - so I would like to log, for example, if anyone executes "apt-get install" or "apt-get purge", so I can keep track of manually installed packages.. I'm looking for a general way to achieve this; it's not just APT, but several programs/scripts etc. Any ideas? /edit a google-search with few different keywords brought up this: http://serverfault.com/questions/201221/how-to-log-every-linux-command-to-a-logserver http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15698590/how-to-capture-all-the-commands-typed-in-unix-linux-by-any-user http://sourceforge.net/projects/rootsh/

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• Outgoing only SMTP server

  - by Din

  I want to setup on my Debian outgoing only SMTP server, so my Web-applications will be able to send mail via it. I don't want to use other hosts because of security and customizability of my own setup. I want to setup Postfix and configure it only in outgoing mode (I don't want it to be a relay). So I want to ask an advice how to do it in the best way. There's no need in users, virtual users, endpoints and other options that Postfix provides. I suppose that I should only attach Postfix to some hostname so my IP address can resolve to it. I also think that Postfix maybe a bit complicated solution for this task. If you know much simpler tool for it, let me know. Thanks.

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